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Si H, Chen Y, Hu D, Yao S, Yang J, Wen X. A graminan type fructan from Achyranthes bidentata prevents the kidney injury in diabetic mice by regulating gut microbiota. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 339:122275. [PMID: 38823933 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the main cause of end-stage renal disease, and few therapeutic options are available. The root of Achyranthis bidentatae (AB) is commonly used for DKD treatment in Traditional Chinese medicine. However, its mechanisms are still unclear. Here, a graminan type fructan ABPW1 with molecular weight of 3998 Da was purified from AB. It was composed of β-1,2-linked Fruf, β-2,6-linked-Fruf and β-1,2,6-linked-Fruf backbone, and terminated with T-Glcp and 2-Fruf residues. ABPW1 protected against kidney injuries and intestinal barrier disruption in Streptozotocin (STZ)/High fat diet (HFD) mice. It could modulate gut microbiota composition, evidenced by a rise in the abundance of Bacteroide and decreases of Rikenella, Alistipes, Laedolimicola and Faecalibaculum. ABPW1 intervention promoted short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production in STZ/HFD mice, especially propionate and isobutyric acid. Antibiotic treatment further demonstrated the key role of gut microbiota in the renal protective action of ABPW1. In addition, in vitro simulated digestion and fermentation together with in vivo fluorescent labeling studies demonstrated ABPW1 was indigestible in upper digestive tract but could reach the colon and be degraded into SCFAs by gut microbiota there. Overall, these data suggested ABPW1 has the potential application on DKD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayang Si
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yimeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dejun Hu
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sainan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiaodong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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Mai NT, Anh BTM, Xuan VT, Lan HTT, Yen DTH, Tai BH, Nhiem NX, Van Kiem P. Achyranbidens A-C: three new compounds from Achyranthes bidentata Blume. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:2363-2372. [PMID: 36722288 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2174534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical study on the roots of Achyranthes bidentata Blume led to the isolation of sixteen compounds including three new ones (1-3). Their chemical structures were determined as oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside-3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-galactopyranoside) (1), methyl (8Z,11Z)-5,6,7-trihydroxytetradeca-8,11-dienoate (2), methyl (6E,11Z)-5,8,9-trihydroxytetradeca-6,11-dienoate (3), fulgidic acid (4), (9E,11E)-13-oxooctadeca-9,11-dienoic acid (5), (9Z,11E,15Z)-13-hydroxyoctadeca-9,11,15-trienoic acid (6), oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (7), oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (8), oleanolic acid 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (9), oleanolic acid 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (10), blumenol C glucoside (11), citroside A (12), 6S,9S-roseoside (13), ginsenoside Rg1 (14), 20-hydroxyecdysone (15), and benzyl α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (16) by spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 1, 7 and 11-16 inhibited NO production in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells with IC50 values in the range from 28.03 to 54.23 µM (positive control, L-NMMA: IC50 = 35.52 µM). Compounds 14 and 15 showed anti α-glucosidase activity with IC50 values of 176.24 and 156.92 µM, respectively, compared with the positive control, acarbose, IC50 = 160.99 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Mai
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Transport and Communications, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bui Thi Mai Anh
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Transport and Communications, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vu Thi Xuan
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Transport and Communications, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Thi Tuyet Lan
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Transport and Communications, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duong Thi Hai Yen
- Department of Structural Research, Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bui Huu Tai
- Department of Structural Research, Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemistry, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Xuan Nhiem
- Department of Structural Research, Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemistry, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phan Van Kiem
- Department of Structural Research, Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemistry, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Zhang WJ, Chen RQ, Tang X, Li PB, Wang J, Wu HK, Xu N, Zou MF, Luo SR, Ouyang ZQ, Chen ZK, Liao XX, Wu H. Naoxintong capsule for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases: from bench to bedside. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1402763. [PMID: 38994201 PMCID: PMC11236728 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1402763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Naoxintong Capsule (NXT), a renowned traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulation, has been broadly applied in China for more than 30 years. Over decades, accumulating evidences have proven satisfactory efficacy and safety of NXT in treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCVD). Studies have been conducted unceasingly, while this growing latest knowledge of NXT has not yet been interpreted properly and summarized comprehensively. Hence, we systematically review the advancements in NXT research, from its chemical constituents, quality control, pharmacokinetics, to its profound pharmacological activities as well as its clinical applications in CCVD. Moreover, we further propose specific challenges for its future perspectives: 1) to precisely clarify bioactivities of single compound in complicated mixtures; 2) to evaluate the pharmacokinetic behaviors of NXT feature components in clinical studies, especially drug-drug interactions in CCVD patients; 3) to explore and validate its multi-target mechanisms by integrating multi-omics technologies; 4) to re-evaluate the safety and efficacy of NXT by carrying out large-scale, multicenter randomized controlled trials. In brief, this review aims to straighten out a paradigm for TCM modernization, which help to contribute NXT as a piece of Chinese Wisdom into the advanced intervention strategy for CCVD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-jian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui-qi Chen
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Tang
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei-bo Li
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Foshan Sanshui District People’s Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Hai-ke Wu
- Department of Neurology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Second People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming-fei Zou
- Second People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Sen-rong Luo
- Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Zi-qi Ouyang
- Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-kai Chen
- Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Xu-xing Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Wu M, Yang P, Wang J, Yang R, Chen Y, Liu K, Yuan Y, Zhang L. Characterization of the Components and Metabolites of Achyranthes Bidentata in the Plasma and Brain Tissue of Rats Based on Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HR-MS). Molecules 2024; 29:2840. [PMID: 38930905 PMCID: PMC11206857 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Achyranthes bidentata (AR) is a traditional Chinese herb used for the treatment of hypertension and cerebral ischemia, but its pharmacological effects are not known. AIM OF STUDY We aimed to detect and accurately identify the components and metabolites of AR in the plasma and brain tissue of Sprague Dawley rats. METHODS We employed ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HR-MS) to detect AR components in the plasma and brain tissue of rats. The absorption and metabolites in the plasma and brain tissue of normal control rats and rats that underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) were characterized and compared. RESULTS A total of 281 compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenylpropanes, sugars and glycosides, steroids, triterpenes, amino acids, and peptides, was identified in samples of Achyranthes bidentata (TCM-AR). Four types of absorbable prototype components and 48 kinds of metabolites were identified in rats in the normal control plasma group which were given AR (AR plasma group), and five kinds of metabolites were identified in rats of the normal control brain tissue group which were given AR (AR brain group). Three absorbed prototype components and 13 metabolites were identified in the plasma of rats which underwent MCAO and were given AR (MCAO + AR plasma group). Six absorbed prototype components and two metabolites were identified in the brain tissue of rats who underwent MCAO and were administered AR (MCAO + AR brain group). These results showed that, after the oral administration of AR, the number of identified components in plasma was more than that in brain tissue. The number of prototype components in the AR plasma group was higher than that in the MCAO + AR plasma group, which may indicate that metabolite absorption in rats undergoing MCAO was worse. The number of prototype components in the MCAO + AR brain group was higher than that in the AR brain group, indicating that the blood-brain barrier was destroyed after MCAO, resulting in more compounds entering brain tissue. CONCLUSIONS UHPLC-HR-MS was used to rapidly analyze the components and metabolites of AR in the blood and brain of rats under normal and pathologic conditions, and to comprehensively characterize the components of TCM-AR. We also analyzed and compared the absorbable components and metabolites of normal rats under cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury to explore the potential mechanism of action. This method could be applied to various Chinese herbs and disease models, which could promote TCM modernization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (M.W.); (R.Y.); (Y.C.); (K.L.)
| | - Peilin Yang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (P.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Jianying Wang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (P.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Ruoyan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (M.W.); (R.Y.); (Y.C.); (K.L.)
| | - Yingyuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (M.W.); (R.Y.); (Y.C.); (K.L.)
| | - Kun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (M.W.); (R.Y.); (Y.C.); (K.L.)
| | - Ying Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (M.W.); (R.Y.); (Y.C.); (K.L.)
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (P.Y.); (J.W.)
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Wang L, Huang X, Qin J, Qi B, Sun C, Guo X, Liu Q, Liu Y, Ma Y, Wei X, Zhang Y. The Role of Traditional Chinese Medicines in the Treatment of Osteoporosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2024; 52:949-986. [PMID: 38879748 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x24500393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) represents a substantial public health issue and is associated with increasing rates of morbidity and mortality. It is characterized by reduced bone mineral density, deterioration of bone tissue quality, disruption of the microarchitecture of bones, and compromised bone strength. These changes may be attributed to the following factors: intercellular communication between osteoblasts and osteoclasts; imbalanced bone remodeling; imbalances between osteogenesis and adipogenesis; imbalances in hormonal regulation; angiogenesis; chronic inflammation; oxidative stress; and intestinal microbiota imbalances. Treating a single aspect of the disease is insufficient to address its multifaceted nature. In recent decades, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has shown great potential in the treatment of OP, and the therapeutic effects of Chinese patent drugs and Chinese medicinal herbs have been scientifically proven. TCMs, which contain multiple components, can target the diverse pathogeneses of OP through a multitargeted approach. Herbs such as XLGB, JTG, GSB, Yinyanghuo, Gusuibu, Buguzhi, and Nvzhenzi are among the TCMs that can be used to treat OP and have demonstrated promising effects in this context. They exert their therapeutic effects by targeting various pathways involved in bone metabolism. These TCMs balance the activity of osteoblasts (bone-forming cells) and osteoclasts (bone-resorbing cells), and they exhibit anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-oxidative, and estrogen-like functions. These multifaceted mechanisms underlie the efficacy of these herbs in the management and treatment of OP. Herein, we examine the efficacy of various Chinese herbs and Chinese patent drugs in treating OP by reviewing previous clinical trials and basic experiments, and we examine the potential mechanism of these therapies to provide evidence regarding the use of TCM for treating OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Huang
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - Jinran Qin
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Baoyu Qi
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, P. R. China
| | - Chuanrui Sun
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyun Guo
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yichen Liu
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yong Ma
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- Jiangsu CM Clinical Innovation Center of Degenerative Bone & Joint Disease, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi 214071, P. R. China
| | - Xu Wei
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, P. R. China
- Institute of Orthopaedics of Beijing Integrative Medicine, Beijing 100061, P. R. China
| | - Yili Zhang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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Xia T, He W, Luo Z, Wang K, Tan X. Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide ameliorates type 2 diabetes mellitus by gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids-induced activation of the GLP-1/GLP-1R/cAMP/PKA/CREB/INS pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132256. [PMID: 38729481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Gut microbiota variances reflecting the severity type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide (ABP) can regulate gut microbiota. However, the hypoglycemic effect and underlying mechanism of ABP remain unclear. Herein, we characterized the structure of ABP and revealed the hypoglycemic effect of ABP in mice with T2DM. ABP repaired the intestinal barrier in T2DM mice and regulated the composition and abundance of gut microbiota, especially increasing bacteria which producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), then increasing glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) level. The abundance of these bacteria was positively correlated with blood lipid and INS levels, negatively correlated with FBG levels. Colon transcriptome data and immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the alleviating T2DM effect of ABP was related to activation of the GLP-1/GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R)/cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA)/cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB)/INS pathway. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) confirmed the transmissible efficacy of ABP through gut microbiota. Overall, our research shows that ABP plays a hypoglycemic role by increasing gut microbiota-derived SCFAs levels, and activating the GLP-1/GLP-1R/cAMP/PKA/CREB/INS pathway, emphasizing ABP as promising T2DM therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Wen He
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Zhenye Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Kexin Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
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Puri S, Singh PP, Bora PS, Sharma U. Chemometric guided isolation of new triterpenoid saponins as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from seeds of Achyranthes bidentata Blume. Fitoterapia 2024; 175:105925. [PMID: 38537885 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Achyranthes bidentata Blume (Amaranthaceae) is an annual or perennial herb widely used as ethnomedicine in Traditional Chinese Medicine for treating fever, cold, ulcers, mensural pain, dementia, and osteoporosis. In the current study, UPLC-IM-Q-TOF-MS/MS-based chemometric approach was adopted for the tentative identification of fifty-six compounds in the extract and fractions of A.bidentata seeds. Further, the chemometric-guided isolation led to the isolation of two previously undescribed oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins, named achyranosides A-B (27 and 30), along with three known compounds (31, 44, and 23) from water fraction of A. bidentata seeds. The structures of new compounds were elucidated based on the detailed analysis of NMR, HR-ESI-MS, FT-IR spectral data, and GC-FID techniques. The isolated compounds in vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity revealed the promising activity of chikusetsusaponin IVa (23) (IC50 = 63.7 μM) with mixed type of AChE inhibition in enzyme kinetic studies. Additionally, in silico binding free energy of isolated compounds disclosed the greater stability of enzyme-ligand complex owing to underlying multiple H-bond interactions. Overall, the study demonstrates the effectiveness of a chemometric-guided approach for the phytochemical exploration and isolation of new oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins from A. bidentata seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Puri
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Prithvi Pal Singh
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Prateek Singh Bora
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Upendra Sharma
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Reza ASMA, Raihan R, Azam S, Shahanewz M, Nasrin MS, Siddique MAB, Uddin MN, Dey AK, Sadik MG, Alam AK. Experimental and pharmacoinformatic approaches unveil the neuropharmacological and analgesic potential of chloroform fraction of Roktoshirinchi (Achyranthes ferruginea Roxb.). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 324:117769. [PMID: 38219886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Achyranthes ferruginea (A. ferruginea) Roxb. is a common plant used in traditional medicine in Asia and Africa. It has a variety of local names, including "Gulmanci" in Nigeria, "Dangar" in Pakistan, "Thola" in Ethiopia, and "Roktoshirinchi" in Bangladesh. It is edible and has several ethnomedical uses for a wide range of illnesses, including hysteria, dropsy, constipation, piles, boils, asthma, and shigellosis. However, the neuropharmacological and analgesic potential of A. ferruginea remains uninvestigated. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess the neuropharmacological and analgesic potential of A. ferruginea through a multifaceted approach encompassing both experimental and computational models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Methanol was used to extract the leaves of A. ferruginea. It was then fractionated with low to high polar solvents (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and water) to get different fractions, including chloroform fraction (CLF). The study selected CLF at different doses and conducted advanced chemical element and proximate analyses, as well as phytochemical profiling using GC-MS. Toxicological studies were done at 300 μg per rat per day for 14 days. Cholinesterase inhibitory potential was checked using an in-vitro colorimetric assay. Acetic acid-induced writhing (AAWT) and formalin-induced licking tests (FILT) were used to assess anti-nociceptive effects. The forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), elevated plus maze (EPM), hole board test (HBT), and light and dark box test (LDB) were among the behavioral tests used to assess depression and anxiolytic activity. Network pharmacology-based analysis was performed on selected compounds using the search tool for interacting chemicals-5 (STITCH 5), Swiss target prediction tool, and search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes and proteins (STRING) database to link their role with genes involved in neurological disorders through gene ontology and reactome analysis. RESULTS Qualitative chemical element analysis revealed the presence of 15 elements, including Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, and Zn. The moisture content, ash value, and organic matter were found to be 11.12, 11.03, and 88.97%, respectively. GC-MS data revealed that the CLF possesses 25 phytoconstituents. Toxicological studies suggested the CLF has no effects on normal growth, hematological and biochemical parameters, or cellular organs after 14 days at 300 μg per rat. The CLF markedly reduced the activity of both acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase (IC50: 56.22 and 13.22 μg/mL, respectively). Promising dose-dependent analgesic activity (p < 0.05) was observed in chemically-induced pain models. The TST and FST showed a dose-dependent substantial reduction in immobility time due to the CLF. Treatment with CLF notably increased the number of open arm entries and time spent in the EPM test at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. The CLF showed significant anxiolytic activity at 200 mg/kg b.w. in the HBT test, whereas a similar activity was observed at 400 mg/kg b.w. in the EPM test. A notable increase in the amount of time spent in the light compartment was observed in the LDB test by mice treated with CLF, suggesting an anxiolytic effect. A network pharmacology study demonstrated the relationship between the phytochemicals and a number of targets, such as PPARA, PPARG, CHRM1, and HTR2, which are connected to the shown bioactivities. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the safety of A. ferruginea and its efficacy in attenuating cholinesterase inhibitory activity, central and peripheral pain, anxiety, and depression, warranting further exploration of its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S M Ali Reza
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh.
| | - Riaj Raihan
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh.
| | - Saidul Azam
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh.
| | - Mohammed Shahanewz
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh.
| | - Mst Samima Nasrin
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Abu Bakar Siddique
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Nazim Uddin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology (IFST), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh.
| | - Anik Kumar Dey
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Golam Sadik
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Ahm Khurshid Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
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9
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Niu T, Yu J, Wang Z, Wang C, Guo Y, Li J, Wang X. Purification of triterpenoid saponins and 25R/25S-inokosterone from Achyranthes bidentata Bl. by high-speed countercurrent chromatography coupled silver nitrate coordination. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300901. [PMID: 38605456 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
An effective method by high-speed countercurrent chromatography coordinated with silver nitrate for the preparative separation of sterones and triterpenoid saponins from Achyranthes bidentata Blume was developed. Methyl tert-butyl ether/n-butanol/acetonitrile/water (4:2:3:8, v/v/v/v) was selected for 20-hydroxyecdysone (compound 1), chikusetsusaponin IVa methyl ester (compound 4), 2'-glycan-11-keto-pigmented saponin V (compound 5), as well as a pair of isomers of 25S-inokosterone (compound 2) and 25R-inokosterone (compound 3), which were further purified by silver nitrate coordinated high-speed countercurrent chromatography. What is more, dichloromethane/methanol/isopropanol/water (6:6:1:4, v/v/v/v) was applied for calenduloside E (compound 6), 3β-[(O-β-d-glucuronopyranosyl)-oxy]-oleana-11,13-dien-28-oic acid (compound 7), zingibroside R1 (compound 8) and chikusetsusaponin IVa (compound 9). Adding Ag+ to the solvent system resulted in unique selectivity for 25R/25S isomers of inokosterone, which increased the complexing capability and stability of Ag+ coordinated 25S-inokosterone, as well as the α value between them. These results were further confirmed by the computational calculation of geometry optimization and frontier molecular orbitals assay. Comprehensive mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis demonstrated the structures of the obtained compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Niu
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Jinqian Yu
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Zhenqiang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Chuangchuang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Yingjian Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Jinan Institute of Product Quality Inspection, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China
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10
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Park J, Lee SW. Medical treatment of osteoarthritis: botanical pharmacologic aspect. JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2024; 31:68-78. [PMID: 38559799 PMCID: PMC10973355 DOI: 10.4078/jrd.2023.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, and its prevalence is expected to further increase as our society ages. Despite many approaches to cure OA, no drugs are currently proven to modulate the progression of OA. Nowadays, new OA treatment options are holistically developed and one of the approaches of treatment option is botanical drugs. Some botanical drugs for OA have shown both therapeutic effect comparable to refined drugs in small studies and fewer side effects. Hence, there are various health functional foods which are known to relieve symptoms of OA. However, since there are many botanical products, clinicians are not familiar to the efficacy of each botanical product, making it challenging to use them appropriately in clinical practice. Here, we summarize the botanical products available for treating OA, including prescription botanical drugs and health functional foods available in Korea. Further studies and the purification of effective molecules from botanical products will be necessary in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyong Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Sung Won Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea
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11
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Kong H, Han JJ, Dmitrii G, Zhang XA. Phytochemicals against Osteoarthritis by Inhibiting Apoptosis. Molecules 2024; 29:1487. [PMID: 38611766 PMCID: PMC11013217 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease that causes pathological changes in articular cartilage, synovial membrane, or subchondral bone. Conventional treatments for OA include surgical and non-surgical methods. Surgical treatment is suitable for patients in the terminal stage of OA. It is often the last choice because of the associated risks and high cost. Medication of OA mainly includes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics, hyaluronic acid, and cortico-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs. However, these drugs often have severe side effects and cannot meet the needs of patients. Therefore, safe and clinically appropriate long-term treatments for OA are urgently needed. Apoptosis is programmed cell death, which is a kind of physiologic cell suicide determined by heredity and conserved by evolution. Inhibition of apoptosis-related pathways has been found to prevent and treat a variety of diseases. Excessive apoptosis can destroy cartilage homeostasis and aggravate the pathological process of OA. Therefore, inhibition of apoptosis-related factors or signaling pathways has become an effective means to treat OA. Phytochemicals are active ingredients from plants, and it has been found that phytochemicals can play an important role in the prevention and treatment of OA by inhibiting apoptosis. We summarize preclinical and clinical studies of phytochemicals for the treatment of OA by inhibiting apoptosis. The results show that phytochemicals can treat OA by targeting apoptosis-related pathways. On the basis of improving some phytochemicals with low bioavailability, poor water solubility, and high toxicity by nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, and at the same time undergoing strict clinical and pharmacological tests, phytochemicals can be used as a potential therapeutic drug for OA and may be applied in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Kong
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang 110102, China; (H.K.); (J.-J.H.)
| | - Juan-Juan Han
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang 110102, China; (H.K.); (J.-J.H.)
| | - Gorbachev Dmitrii
- General Hygiene Department, Samara State Medical University, Samara 443000, Russia;
| | - Xin-an Zhang
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang 110102, China; (H.K.); (J.-J.H.)
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12
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Jiang E, Yang Y, Pan M, Tao Y. Efficacy evaluation and metabolomics analysis of raw and salt-processed Achyranthes bidentata Radix in zebrafish larvae for osteoporosis treatment. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 237:115774. [PMID: 37832477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis, characterized by reduced bone density and the deterioration of bone tissue, poses a significant health challenge. The mechanisms underlying the protective effects of both raw and salt-processed Achyranthes bidentata Radix in osteoporosis remains unclear. This study endeavors to unravel and analyze the therapeutic mechanisms of these two forms of Achyranthes bidentata Radix in osteoporotic zebrafish larvae, utilizing GC/MS-based metabolomics. Zebrafish larvae were categorized into five groups: blank control, model, positive control, and groups treated with raw and salt-processed Achyranthes bidentata Radix. Following drug administration, notable enhancements were observed in both mineralized bone area and cumulative optical density. Various data mining techniques were employed, encompassing principal component analysis, orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis, and metabolic pathway analysis. These analyses unveiled 26 differential endogenous metabolites with significant biological implications in the zebrafish osteoporosis model. Among these metabolites, 12 (including acetamide, L-lactic acid, threonine, glycerol, rhamnose, azelaic acid, palmitic acid, inositol, stearic acid, hexadecane, sucrose, and glyceryl monostearate) were validated using standard compounds, exhibiting strong linear correlation coefficients (R2) ranging from 0.9917 to 0.9999. Furthermore, the method demonstrated excellent repeatability, as evidenced by relative standard deviation (RSD) values below 7.37%. The average spiked recoveries of the standard compounds fell within the range of ± 15%, ranging from 85.45% to 114.28%. Additionally, the stability of the standard compounds was confirmed after three freeze-thaw cycles, with RSD values remaining below 14.40%. Collectively, the metabolomic analysis unearthed potential biomarkers that could serve as indicators of the therapeutic effects of raw and salt-processed Achyranthes bidentata Radix on osteoporosis. This research offers valuable insights into the potential utilization of these herbal remedies as natural interventions for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enci Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Ying Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Meiling Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yi Tao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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13
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Hossain MM, Hwang HS, Pang M, Choi MK, Kim IH. Effect of dietary Achyranthes japonica extract on growth performance of growing pigs and absorption rate of quercetin in blood. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 66:103-114. [PMID: 38618039 PMCID: PMC11007468 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2023.e23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
This study was done to investigate the effects of the incorporation of Achyranthes japonica extracts (AJE) in diet on the production parameters of growing pigs. Exp 1: Total, 105 crossbred pigs (average body weight: 24.47 ± 2.46 kg) were used in a 6-week feeding trial. Pigs (seven replicates, five pigs per pen) were allotted randomly to three treatments. Dietary treatments: CON (basal diet); basal diet with 0.025% AJE, and basal diet + 0.050% AJE). Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbial count, and fecal noxious gas were assessed in this study. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain to feed ratio (G:F) were not affected by the addition of up to 0.05% AJE. In the case of apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N), and digestible energy (DE) were not changed in 3rd and 6th weeks of the feeding trial through the addition of AJE up to 0.05% in the growing pig diet. In microbial count, Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli count at 3rd and 6th week was similar in all the treatment diets. The inclusion of AJE at levels up to 0.05% in growing pig diet had no effect on the production of NH3, H2S, acetic acid, and CO2 in the feces. After ending the Exp 1, a total of nine pigs were divided into three treatment groups. Treatment diets were included, TRT1, basal diet + powder quercetin 30 g; TRT2, basal diet + powder quercetin 150 g; TRT3, basal diet + powder quercetin 300g. Rate of absorption in blood was increased with the higher dose of quercetin. The results suggested incorporation of AJE up to 0.05% has no significant effect on ADG, ADFI, and G:F, as well as DM, N, and DE digestibility, fecal microbial count, and fecal noxious gas emission in growing pigs, even though no negative effect was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mortuza Hossain
- Department of Animal Resource and Science,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Hyung Suk Hwang
- Department of Animal Resource and Science,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Minyeong Pang
- Department of Animal Resource and Science,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Min-Koo Choi
- Department of Animal Resource and Science,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
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14
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Yang Y, Shen L, Wang P, Tao Y. Anti-osteoporosis bioactivity evaluation in zebrafish model of raw and salt-processed Achyranthes bidentata followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and correlation analysis. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5742. [PMID: 37674471 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Achyranthes bidentata has been found to possess beneficial effects against osteoporosis, but there is still a lack of comprehensive studies on its anti-osteoporotic compounds. Therefore, in this study, we established a zebrafish osteoporosis model to evaluate the anti-osteoporotic effect of different fractions of raw and salt-processed A. bidentata. Among these fractions, the dichloromethane fraction showed the most promising anti-osteoporotic effect. To further investigate the active compounds responsible for the anti-osteoporosis effects, we prepared and analyzed the dichloromethane fraction of 10 batches of raw and salt-processed A. bidentata using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. As a result, we tentatively identified 19 compounds, including 11 saponins, three phenolic amides, three unsaturated fatty acids and two other compounds. To further narrow down the potential active compounds, we employed both orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis and gray relationship analysis. Through these analyses, we were able to identify eight compounds that showed a high correlation with the anti-osteoporosis effects of the dichloromethane fraction. Furthermore, we validated the anti-osteoporotic effects of β-ecdysterone, wogonin, ginsenoside Ro, oleanolic acid, linoleic acid and palmitic acid using the zebrafish model. These compounds demonstrated significant anti-osteoporotic effects, further supporting their potential as active compounds in A. bidentata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lisha Shen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Tao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Xiong H, Huang TY, Chang YL, Su WT. Achyranthes bidentate extracts protect the IL-1β-induced osteoarthritis of SW1353 chondrocytes. J Biosci Bioeng 2023; 136:462-470. [PMID: 37778956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis, the most common joint disease worldwide, is a degenerative disease characterized by cartilage degeneration and inflammation. The active ingredients in the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Achyranthes bidentate can be used to treat waist, leg, and joint pain caused by rheumatism arthralgia. In this study, we identified the optimal microwave extraction protocol for saponins from A. bidentate, evaluated their protective effects against IL-1β-induced inflammation in SW1353 human chondrocytes, and explored their protective pathway. The microwave-extraction parameters required to obtain the maximum yield of A. bidentate saponins using 80% ethanol were identified using response surface methodology. The parameters were solid-liquid ratio, 1:10; extraction time, 20 min; power, 721 W; temperature, 65 °C. The actual yield of saponins extracted was to be 194.01 μg/mg extract. The SW1353 cells were pretreated with A. bidentate extract (ABE) at a concentration of 50 or 100 μg/mL for 3 h, after which an inflammatory response was stimulated using IL-1β. The ABE significantly reduced the expression of proinflammatory factors IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, iNOS, PGE2, and NO, and inhibited NF-κB activity, effectively attenuating the inflammatory response. ABE also inhibited MMP13 and ADAMTS-5 expression, reducing IL-1β-induced degradation of the extrachondral matrix. This confirmed that ABE effectively inhibits NF-κB activity and reduces IL-1β-induced inflammation, extracellular matrix degradation, and expression of apoptotic proteins Bax and caspase-3. Therefore, ABE has potential as a new botanical drug for preventing osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Xiong
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Te-Yang Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104217, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lo Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106344, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ta Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106344, Taiwan.
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16
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Li T, Li W, Guo X, Tan T, Xiang C, Ouyang Z. Unraveling the potential mechanisms of the anti-osteoporotic effects of the Achyranthes bidentata-Dipsacus asper herb pair: a network pharmacology and experimental study. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1242194. [PMID: 37849727 PMCID: PMC10577322 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1242194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Osteoporosis is a prevalent bone metabolism disease characterized by a reduction in bone density, leading to several complications that significantly affect patients' quality of life. The Achyranthes bidentata-Dipsacus asper (AB-DA) herb pair is commonly used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to treat osteoporosis. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic compounds and potential mechanisms of AB-DA using network pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and experimental verification. Methods: Identified compounds of AB-DA were collected from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Database (TCM-ID), TCM@Taiwan Database, BATMAN-TCM, and relevant literature. The main bioactive ingredients were screened based on the criteria of "OB (oral bioavailability) ≥ 30, DL (drug-likeness) ≥ 0.18." Potential targets were predicted using the PharmMapper and SwissTargetPrediction websites, while disease (osteoporosis)-related targets were obtained from the GeneCards, DisGeNET, and OMIM databases. The PPI network and KEGG/GO enrichment analysis were utilized for core targets and pathway screening in the STRING and Metascape databases, respectively. A drug-compound-target-pathway-disease network was constructed using Cytoscape software to display core regulatory mechanisms. Molecular docking and dynamics simulation techniques explored the binding reliability and stability between core compounds and targets. In vitro and in vivo validation experiments were utilized to explore the anti-osteoporosis efficiency and mechanism of sitogluside. Results: A total of 31 compounds with 83 potential targets for AB-DA against osteoporosis were obtained. The PPI analysis revealed several hub targets, including AKT1, CASP3, EGFR, IGF1, MAPK1, MAPK8, and MAPK14. GO/KEGG analysis indicated that the MAPK cascade (ERK/JNK/p38) is the main pathway involved in treating osteoporosis. The D-C-T-P-T network demonstrated therapeutic compounds that mainly consisted of iridoids, steroids, and flavonoids, such as sitogluside, loganic acid, and β-ecdysterone. Molecular docking and dynamics simulation analyses confirmed strong binding affinity and stability between core compounds and targets. Additionally, the validation experiments showed preliminary evidence of antiosteoporosis effects. Conclusion: This study identified iridoids, steroids, and flavonoids as the main therapeutic compounds of AB-DA in treating osteoporosis. The underlying mechanisms may involve targeting core MAPK cascade (ERK/JNK/p38) targets, such as MAPK1, MAPK8, and MAPK14. In vivo experiments preliminarily validated the anti-osteoporosis effect of sitogluside. Further in-depth experimental studies are required to validate the therapeutic value of AB-DA for treating osteoporosis in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenzhao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoning Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tingting Tan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cheng Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhengxiao Ouyang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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17
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Su J, Yu M, Wang H, Wei Y. Natural anti-inflammatory products for osteoarthritis: From molecular mechanism to drug delivery systems and clinical trials. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4321-4352. [PMID: 37641442 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that affects millions globally. The present nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug treatments have different side effects, leading researchers to focus on natural anti-inflammatory products (NAIPs). To review the effectiveness and mechanisms of NAIPs in the cellular microenvironment, examining their impact on OA cell phenotype and organelles levels. Additionally, we summarize relevant research on drug delivery systems and clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs), to promote clinical studies and explore natural product delivery options. English-language articles were searched on PubMed using the search terms "natural products," "OA," and so forth. We categorized search results based on PubChem and excluded "natural products" which are mix of ingredients or compounds without the structure message. Then further review was separately conducted for molecular mechanisms, drug delivery systems, and RCTs later. At present, it cannot be considered that NAIPs can thoroughly prevent or cure OA. Further high-quality studies on the anti-inflammatory mechanism and drug delivery systems of NAIPs are needed, to determine the appropriate drug types and regimens for clinical application, and to explore the combined effects of different NAIPs to prevent and treat OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbang Su
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Minghao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haochen Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingliang Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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18
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Tan Y, Xu S, Zhang H, Tang H, Wang Z, Li J, Tan N. A comprehensive quality evaluation strategy of Mailuoning oral liquid based on fingerprint, qualitative and quantitative analyses. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 234:115497. [PMID: 37573813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
In order to obtain comprehensive quality evaluation of one traditional Chinese patent medicine of Mailuoning oral liquid (MLN), one smart strategy combined by fingerprint, qualitative and quantitative analyses were carried out in this study. Firstly, the fingerprints of MLN were established by HPLC-UV and HPLC-ELSD, and explained the similarity of twenty-seven batches of MLN by similarity analysis (SA). Secondly, qualitative analysis was performed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS). A total of 60 compounds were identified or tentatively identified based on chemical standards and fragmentation information. Finally, the quantitative method based on UPLC combined with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) was developed for the simultaneous determination of 40 target compounds. The results showed that MLN samples of different productive year were clearly discriminated and eight compounds (5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde, neochlorogenic acid, loganic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, isoacteoside, angoroside C) were selected as differential markers for MLN. In a word, this strategy including fingerprint, identification of chemical composition and multiple-component quantification could be well applied to modern quality evaluation of MLN, which could be valuable for the further quality control of more other traditional Chinese patent medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Tan
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Siyi Xu
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Jinling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Haojun Tang
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China; Jinling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Ninghua Tan
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
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19
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Wen C, Li T, Wang B, Jin C, Li S, Li Y, Li M, Ding K. A pectic polysaccharide isolated from Achyranthes bidentata is metabolized by human gut Bacteroides spp. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125785. [PMID: 37451376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Achyranthes bidentata (A. bidentata) is a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TGM) for treatment osteoporosis. Polysaccharides, a major factor for shaping the gut microbiota, are the primary ingredients of A. bidentata. However, bioactivity of A. bidentata polysaccharide on human gut microbiota (HGM) remains unknown. Here, a homogeneous pectic polysaccharide A23-1 with average molecular weight of 93.085 kDa was extracted and purified from A. bidentata. And A23-1 was compsed of rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose in a molar ratio of 7.26: 0.76: 5.12: 2.54: 23.51: 60.81. GC-MS, partial acid hydrolysis and NMR results indicated the backbone of A23-1 was composed of 1, 2, 4-Rhap and 1, 4-GlapA, while the branches were composed of galactose, arabinose, glucose and glucuronic acid. Further, A23-1 was found to be degraded into monosaccharides and fragments. Taking Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (BT) as a model, we suggested three polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) might be involved in the A23-1 degradation. Degraded products generated by BO might not support the growth of probiotics. Besides, acetate and propionate as the main end products were generated by Bacteroides spp. and probiotics utilizing A23-1. These findings suggested A23-1 was possible one of food sources of human gut Bacteroides spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, 201 Dalian Road, Zunyi 563003, PR China; Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tingting Li
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, 201 Dalian Road, Zunyi 563003, PR China; Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Binqiang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, 201 Dalian Road, Zunyi 563003, PR China; Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Can Jin
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Saijuan Li
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yun Li
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Meixia Li
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Kan Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, 201 Dalian Road, Zunyi 563003, PR China; Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China; Henan Polysaccharide Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China.
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Shi Y, Zhang ZW, Du MM, Wu J, Li JX. Saponin extract from Achyranthes bidentata Blume alleviates disuse-induced muscle atrophy through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 312:116458. [PMID: 37028612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The roots of Achyranthes bidentata Blume are one of the regularly used herbal drugs in Chinese medicine, and has been applied for strengthening the muscle and bone for a long time. However, its effect on muscle remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This paper aims to explore the anti-muscle atrophy effect of A. bidentata, and to clarify the possible signaling pathways involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS The saponin extract of the roots of A. bidentata (ABSE) was prepared and analyzed, and its activity on myoblast differentiation was assayed with C2C12 cell culture. ABSE was then orally administered at dosage of 35, 70 and 140 mg/kg/day to disuse-induced muscle atrophy mice. The studies on mice body weight and muscle quality were conducted, and Western blot was used for exploring the possible signaling pathways involved in the muscle protective action aided with transcriptome analysis. RESULTS The total saponin content of ABSE was 59.1%. ABSE promoted the C2C12 cells differentiation to myotube in C2C12 differentiation assay. Further study with disuse-induced muscle atrophy mice model demonstrated that ABSE significantly increased muscle fiber diameter as well as the proportion of slow muscle fibers. Possible mechanism study aided with transcriptome analysis revealed that ABSE alleviated muscle atrophy at least through activation of PI3K/Akt pathway in vivo & vitro. CONCLUSIONS The saponin extract of the root of A. bidentata (ABSE) has a protective effect on muscle atrophy, and showed a considerable potential in prevention and treatment of muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Zhuang-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Ming-Ming Du
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| | - Jian-Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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21
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Tran MN, Baek SJ, Jun HJ, Lee S. Identifying target organ location of Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae: a bioinformatics approach on active compounds and genes. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1187896. [PMID: 37637410 PMCID: PMC10448535 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1187896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Herbal medicines traditionally target organs for treatment based on medicinal properties, and this theory is widely used for prescriptions. However, the scientific evidence explaining how herbs act on specific organs by biological methods has been still limited. This study used bioinformatic tools to identify the target organ locations of Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae (RAB), a blood-activating herb that nourishes the liver and kidney, strengthens bones, and directs prescription to the lower body. Methods: RAB's active compounds and targets were collected and predicted using databases such as TCMSP, HIT2.0, and BATMAN-TCM. Next, the RAB's target list was analyzed based on two approaches to obtain target organ locations. DAVID and Gene ORGANizer enrichment-based approaches were used to enrich an entire gene list, and the BioGPS and HPA gene expression-based approaches were used to analyze the expression of core genes. Results: RAB's targets were found to be involved in whole blood, blood components, and lymphatic organs across all four tools. Each tool indicated a particular aspect of RAB's target organ locations: DAVID-enriched genes showed a predominance in blood, liver, and kidneys; Gene ORGANizer showed the effect on low body parts as well as bones and joints; BioGPS and HPA showed high gene expression in bone marrow, lymphoid tissue, and smooth muscle. Conclusion: Our bioinformatics-based target organ location prediction can serve as a modern interpretation tool for the target organ location theory of traditional medicine. Future studies should predict therapeutic target organ locations in complex prescriptions rather than single herbs and conduct experiments to verify predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Nhat Tran
- Korean Medicine Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Korean Convergence Medical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Su-Jin Baek
- Korean Medicine Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Joon Jun
- Korean Medicine Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghun Lee
- Korean Medicine Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Korean Convergence Medical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Tuyet Lan HT, Mai NT, Mai Anh BT, Dung DT, Van Kiem P, Huu Tai B. Four New Flavonoid C-Glycosides Isolated from Achyranthes aspera and Their Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activities. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300853. [PMID: 37409765 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
A chemical study of the methanol extract of the aerial parts of Achyranthes aspera led to the isolation of four new flavonoid C-glycosides (1-4) along with eight known analogs (5-12). Their structures were elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic data analysis, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectra. All the isolates were evaluated their NO production inhibitory activity in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. Compounds 2, 4, and 8-11 showed significant inhibition with IC50 values ranging from 25.06 to 45.25 μM, compared to that of the positive control compound, L-NMMA, IC50 value of 32.24 μM, whereas the remaining compounds were weak inhibitory activity with IC50 values over 100 μM. This is the first report of 7 from Amaranthaceae family, and 11 from the genus Achyranthes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Thi Tuyet Lan
- Faculty of of Basic Sciences, University of Transport and Communications, Cau Giay, Lang Thuong, Dong Da, 10072, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Mai
- Faculty of of Basic Sciences, University of Transport and Communications, Cau Giay, Lang Thuong, Dong Da, 10072, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bui Thi Mai Anh
- Faculty of of Basic Sciences, University of Transport and Communications, Cau Giay, Lang Thuong, Dong Da, 10072, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duong Thi Dung
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, 10072, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phan Van Kiem
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, 10072, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemistry, Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, 10072, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bui Huu Tai
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, 10072, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemistry, Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, 10072, Hanoi, Vietnam
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23
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Zhang X, Su J, Lin J, Liu L, Wu J, Yuan W, Zhang Y, Chen Q, Su ZJ, Xu G, Sun M, Zhang Y, Chen X, Zhang W. Fu-Zheng-Tong-Luo formula promotes autophagy and alleviates idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by controlling the Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 314:116633. [PMID: 37207878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fu-Zheng-Tong-Luo (FZTL) formula is a Chinese herbal prescription which is used to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We previously reported that the FZTL formula could improve IPF injury in rats; however, the mechanism remains unelucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY To elucidate the effects and mechanisms of the FZTL formula on IPF. MATERIALS AND METHODS The bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis rat model and transforming growth factor-β-induced lung fibroblast model were used. Histological changes and fibrosis formation were detected in the rat model after treatment with the FZTL formula. Furthermore, the effects of the FZTL formula on autophagy and lung fibroblast activation were determined. Moreover, the mechanism of FZTL was explored using transcriptomics analysis. RESULTS We observed that FZTL alleviated IPF injury in rats and inhibited inflammatory responses and fibrosis formation in rats. Moreover, it promoted autophagy and inhibited lung fibroblast activation in vitro. Transcriptomics analysis revealed that FZTL regulates the Janus kinase 2 (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of the transcription 3 (STAT) signaling pathway. The JAK2/STAT3 signaling activator interleukin 6 inhibited the anti-fibroblast activation effect of the FZTL formula. Combined treatment with the JAK2 inhibitor (AZD1480) and autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenine) did not enhance the antifibrotic effect of FZTL. CONCLUSIONS The FZTL formula can inhibit IPF injury and lung fibroblast activation. Its effects are mediated via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. The FZTL formula may be a potential complementary therapy for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jie Su
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiacheng Lin
- Central Laboratory, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lujiong Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiamin Wu
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenli Yuan
- Department of Nephrology Diseases, YueYang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yibao Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zi Jian Su
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guihua Xu
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yile Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xuan Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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24
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Tao Y, Pan M, Zhu F, Wang P. Comprehensive metabolic profiles of Achyranthes bidentate in rat serum via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry and their correlation with osteoinductive activity. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 231:115418. [PMID: 37116317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The osteoinductive effect of crude and salt-processed Achyranthes bidentata is associated with the serum metabolites. Grey relationship analysis between the serum metabolites and osteoinductive effect will help to clarify the bioactive serum metabolites. First, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry method was used to develop serum metabolic fingerprint of rats after oral administration of crude and salt-processed Achyranthes bidentata. The MS1 and MS2 data of serum metabolites were scanned in the range of m/z 100-1500 and 50-1200, respectively. The chemical structures of the metabolites were thoroughly elucidated. Two prototypes and twelve metabolites have been identified. Second, osteoblasts were cultured with the drug-containing serum at different time points. The osteoinductive effect of crude and salt-processed Achyranthes bidentata was evaluated by detecting the proliferation rate and alkaline phosphatase activity of osteoblasts. Third, grey correlation analysis was utilized to elucidate the spectral-effect relationship between serum metabolic fingerprints and osteoinductive effect. Finally, the correlation coefficients of ten metabolites, i.e., oleanolic acid, poststerone-M1, chikusetsusaponin V-M1, oleanolic acid-M2, oleanolic acid-M4, spinacoside D-M1, chikusetsusaponin I-M1, betavulgaroside IV-M2, chikusetsusaponin IVa and achyranthoside IV-M1 were above 0.7. Collectively, our work will provide helpful knowledge for the future research on Achyranthes bidentata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | - Meiling Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Fei Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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25
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Yao C, Wang Y, Qu H, Li J, Hou J, Chen X, Zhang J, Wei W, Bi Q, Guo DA. Comparative identification of phytoecdysteroids in Achyranthes bidentata Blume and its three analogous species and application in differentiation between processing products from different species. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 227:115187. [PMID: 36796274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation of raw herbal products from similar species have been achieved by plant metabolomics. However, the distinguishment on various processed products with improved activities and wide clinical utilization from similar species is still tricky due to obscure composition variations during processing. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of phytoecdysteroids in Achyranthes bidentata Blume (AB) and its three analogous species, which were all called Niuxi in Chinese, was conducted on UPLC-HRMS by integrating dynamic exclusion acquisition with data post-processing of targeted multilateral mass defect filter. Two most frequently used species, AB and Cyathula officinalis Kuan (CO) were systematically compared with plant metabolomics methods. And the differential components from the raw materials were evaluated on the ability of distinguishing processed products. The substitution of hydroxyl groups on C-21, C-20, C-22 and C-25 were determined by characteristic mass differences, leading to systematical characterization of 281 phytoecdysteroids. In plant metabolomics studies of raw AB and CO, 16 potential markers were filtered by VIP value > 1, and displayed satisfactory differentiation on the processed AB and CO. The results facilitated the quality control of the four species, especially the processed products of AB and CO, also provided a reference method for the quality control of other processed products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changliang Yao
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hua Qu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiayuan Li
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianru Hou
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuebing Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenlong Wei
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qirui Bi
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - De-An Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
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26
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Si H, Chen Y, Yang J, Wen X. Characterization and comparison of polysaccharides from Achyranthes bidentata, Cyathula officinalis and Achyranthes aspera by saccharides mapping. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 227:115272. [PMID: 36739718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Although the roots of Achyranthes bidentata (AB), Cyathula officinalis (CO) and Achyranthes aspera (AA) are different drugs, they are always confused in clinical practice due to their similar chemical components and functions. As polysaccharides are abundant in these drugs, a systematic comparison of polysaccharides from AB, CO and AA is not only necessary to understand their similar but not identical functions, but also helpful for the quality control of them. In this study, polysaccharides from 22 batches of AB, CO and AA were compared with monosaccharide composition, molecular weight distribution and saccharide mapping. Polysaccharides of AB, CO and AA had similar monosaccharide compositions but their relative contents of fructose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid and glucose were significant different, and could be used as key markers to distinguish them. Results from molecular weight distribution and saccharide mapping showed polysaccharides from AB, CO and AA were mainly composed of fructans with β-2,1 and β-2, 6-D-fructosidic linkages, but their degree of polymerization were different. Meanwhile, pectins were also contained in these three drugs. AB is partial to immunomodulation while CO is partial to removing blood stasis. Fructans and pectins are the similar bioactive substance basis of AB, CO and AA whereas their structural difference might be contributed to the efficacy differentia of these three drugs. This study provides a better understanding on the profiles of polysaccharides from AB, CO and AA, further guiding their clinical usage and facilitating their quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- HuaYang Si
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yimeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaodong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
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27
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Wogonin, a Bioactive Ingredient from Huangqi Guizhi Formula, Alleviates Discogenic Low Back Pain via Suppressing the Overexpressed NGF in Intervertebral Discs. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:4436587. [PMID: 36860203 PMCID: PMC9970730 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4436587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate whether wogonin, a key bioactive ingredient of Huangqi Guizhi formula (HQGZ formula; a Traditional Chinese Medicine herbal formula) according to network pharmacology analysis, has analgesic effects on discogenic low back pain (LBP) via regulating the nerve growth factor (NGF) in intervertebral discs (IVDs). Methods The lumbar IVDs of rats were punctured to discogenic LBP, and the therapeutic effect of orally administrated HQGZ for discogenic LBP was investigated by measuring mechanical and cold allodynia and histological analysis. A network pharmacology analysis was conducted to search for bioactive ingredients from the HQGZ formula, and wogonin was suggested to be the most possible bioactive ingredient for LBP treatment. Subsequently, the analgesic effect of wogonin was investigated in the LBP model, and the gene expression of propain peptides in the bilateral dorsal root ganglia was analyzed using RT-PCR. Finally, immunohistochemical staining was performed for NGF expression of NGF in the IVDs to determine whether wogonin treatment would ameliorate NGF-induced LBP. Results Oral administration of HQGZ for two weeks significantly ameliorated puncture-induced IVD degeneration (IDD) and LBP. In addition, the network pharmacology analysis revealed that wogonin, quercetin, and kaempferol were the potential candidate components of HQGZ for LBP treatment. Furthermore, we proved that wogonin had significant analgesic effects in the LBP model. Finally, wogonin was demonstrated to suppress the upregulated NGF in the IVD and ameliorate NGF-induced LBP in rats. Conclusions The HQGZ formula has significant analgesic effects for LBP. In addition, the bioactive ingredient of wogonin was extracted from HQGZ and ameliorated LBP by suppressing the overexpressed NGF in degenerated IVDs. Therefore, wogonin has potential to be alternative treatment for LBP in clinical.
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28
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Kuang S, Liu L, Hu Z, Luo M, Fu X, Lin C, He Q. A review focusing on the benefits of plant-derived polysaccharides for osteoarthritis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 228:582-593. [PMID: 36563826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease characterized by progressive cartilage degeneration, which imposes a heavy physical and financial burden on the middle-aged and elderly population. As the pathogenesis of OA has not been fully elucidated, it is of great importance to develop targeted therapeutic or preventive medications. Traditional therapeutic drugs, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, steroids and opioids, have significant side effects, making the exploration for safe and effective alternative therapeutic drugs urgent. In recent years, many studies have reported the role of plant-derived polysaccharides in anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, regulation of chondrocyte metabolism and proliferation, and cartilage protection, and have demonstrated their great potential in the treatment of OA. Therefore, by focusing on studies related to the intervention of plant-derived polysaccharides in OA, including in vivo and in vitro experiments, this review aimed to classify and summarize the existing research findings according to different mechanisms of action. In addition, reports on plant-derived polysaccharides as nanoparticles were also explored. Then, candidate monomers and theoretical bases were provided for the further development and application of novel drugs in the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shida Kuang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Andrology Laboratory, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, China
| | - Lumei Liu
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, China
| | - Zongren Hu
- Andrology Laboratory, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, China
| | - Min Luo
- Andrology Laboratory, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Health Care, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, Hunan, China; Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, China
| | - Xinying Fu
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Andrology Laboratory, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, China
| | - Chengxiong Lin
- Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, China
| | - Qinghu He
- Andrology Laboratory, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, China.
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Chen W, Luo H, Zhong Z, Wei J, Wang Y. The safety of Chinese medicine: A systematic review of endogenous substances and exogenous residues. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 108:154534. [PMID: 36371955 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Safety and toxicity have become major challenges in the internationalization of Chinese medicine. Inspite of its wide application, security problems of Chinese medicine still occur from time to time, raising widespread concerns about its safety. Most of the studies either only partially discussed the intrinsic toxicities or extrinsic harmful residues in Chinese medicine, or briefly described detoxification and attenuation methods. It is necessary to systematically discuss Chinese medicine's extrinsic and intrinsic toxic components and corresponding toxicity detoxification or detection methods as a whole. PURPOSE This review comprehensively summarizes various toxic components in Chinese medicine from intrinsic and extrinsic. Then the corresponding methods for detoxification or detection of toxicity are highlighted. It is expected to provide a reference for safeguards for developing and using Chinese medicine. METHODS A literature search was conducted in the databases, including PubMed, Web of Science,Wan-fang database, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Keywords used were safety, toxicity, intrinsic toxicities, extrinsic harmful residues, alkaloids, terpene and macrolides, saponins, toxic proteins, toxic crystals, minerals, heavy metals, pesticides, mycotoxins, sulfur dioxide, detoxification, detection, processing (Paozhi), compatibility (Peiwu), Chinese medicine, etc., and combinations of these keywords. All selected articles were from 2006 to 2022, and each was assessed critically for our exclusion criteria. Studies describe the classification of toxic components of Chinese medicine, the toxic effects and mechanisms of Chinese medicine, and the corresponding methods for detoxification or detection of toxicity. RESULTS The toxic components of Chinese medicines can be classified as intrinsic toxicities and extrinsic harmful residues. Firstly, we summarized the intrinsic toxicities of Chinese medicine, the adverse effects and toxicity mechanisms caused by these components. Next, we focused on the detoxification or attenuation methods for intrinsic toxicities of Chinese medicine. The other main part discussed the latest progress in analytical strategies for exogenous hazardous substances, including heavy metals, pesticides, and mycotoxins. Beyond reviewing mainstream instrumental methods, we also introduced the emerging biochip, biosensor and immuno-based techniques. CONCLUSION In this review, we provide an overall assessment of the recent progress in endogenous toxins and exogenous hazardous substances concerning Chinese medicine, which is expected to render deeper insights into the safety of Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Chen
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Hua Luo
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China; College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China; College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Jinchao Wei
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China.
| | - Yitao Wang
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China.
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Eucommia ulmoides Oliver's Multitarget Mechanism for Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Study Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3699146. [PMID: 36267087 PMCID: PMC9578855 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3699146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Eucommia ulmoides Oliver (EU) is a plant used in Chinese medicine as a medicinal herb to treat autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. We used network pharmacology to examine the active ingredients and estimate the main targets and pathways affected by EU when it is used to treat ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Materials and Methods The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform was used to search for active ingredients in EU and their target proteins. The GeneCards Database was used to find AS-related targets. The targets from the EU and AS searches that coincided were selected by constructing a Venn diagram. Then, a STRING network platform and Cytoscape software were used to analyse the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and key targets. The strong affinity between EU and its targets was confirmed using molecular docking techniques. The Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of overlapping targets was performed using the database for annotation, visualization, and integrated discovery online tool. Results The number of active ingredients against AS in EU was discovered to be 28. Major targets against AS in the PPI network and core targets analyses were identified as IL-1B, PTGS2, IL-8, nMMP-9, CCL2, MYC, and IL-2. Furthermore, molecular docking studies showed the strong affinity between EU's bioactive molecules and their AS targets. Enrichment analysis revealed that active ingredients from EU were involved in a variety of biological processes, including the response to molecules derived from bacteria, extracellular stimuli, nutrient levels, and the regulation of reactive oxygen species, all of which are mediated by interleukin-17, TNF-α, and other signalling pathways. Conclusion The therapy for AS using EU involves a multitarget, multipathway, and multiselection mechanism that includes anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. This study provides a theoretical basis for future research into targeted molecular therapies for AS.
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Abduraman MA, Mustafa NH, Yaacob NS, Amanah A, Tan ML. Cytochrome P450 inhibition activities of non-standardized botanical products. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 296:115406. [PMID: 35659627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE R-tab, H-tab and E-cap botanical products are used for the treatment of various ailments. R-tab is traditionally prescribed for improving urination, H-tab is for relieving piles, hemorrhoids, fissures, and rectal inflammation and E-cap is for regulating menstruation. AIMS OF THE STUDY To extract the botanical products and determine their potential interaction with the cytochrome P450 (CYP1A2, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4) enzymes. MATERIALS AND METHODS R-tab, H-tab and E-cap botanical products were first extracted using solvents and analyzed using HPLC and LC-MS/MS. The effects of methanol extracts on the cytochrome induction and inhibition activities were determined using a series of in vitro assays, including multiplex RT-qPCR, CYP activity assays (P450-Glo™) and LC-MS/MS-based assays. For the CYP induction assay, omeprazole, rifampicin and dexamethasone were used as CYP1A2, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 inducers, respectively. Ketoconazole and acetaminophen were used as positive and negative controls for the CYP3A4 inhibition assay, whereas furafylline and ketoconazole were used as positive and negative controls for the CYP1A2 inhibition assay. RESULTS All three botanical products did not show any significant induction in CYP1A2, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 mRNA expression. By contrast, R-tab inhibited the mRNA expression of CYP1A2 significantly from the lowest concentration of 0.01 μg/mL, while, H-tab inhibited the mRNA expression of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 from 0.1 μg/mL. Based on the P450 Glo assays, E-cap extract inhibited the metabolic activity of CYP1A2 with an IC50 value of 37.24 μg/mL. On the other hand, R-tab, H-tab and E-cap showed inhibitory effects on the CYP3A4 enzymatic activity with IC50 values of 17.42, 18.20 and 20.60 μg/mL, respectively. However, using the LC-MS/MS-based methods, the concentration-dependent effects of R-tab and H-tab extracts on the metabolism of testosterone appeared to be more prominent, with IC50 values of 51.90 and 56.90 μg/mL as compared with the rest of the results, which were all above 100 μg/mL CONCLUSION: The CYP3A4 mRNA and enzymatic activity were moderately inhibited by R-tab and H-tab. Methanol extract of botanical products in solid dosage forms can be evaluated for their herb-drug interaction risks using in vitro assays and may provide the minimum data required for safety labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nor Hidayah Mustafa
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysa, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Nik Soriani Yaacob
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Azimah Amanah
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals & Nutraceuticals (IPharm), National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia (NIBM), 11700, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| | - Mei Lan Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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Jia W, Wang K, Zhang S, Lu W, Du A, Li J, Ji L, Xu H. Integrating network pharmacology and in vivo experimental validation to reveal the alleviation of mailuoning oral liquid on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154326. [PMID: 35853303 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) especially the later stage non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) seriously endangers human's health and has become a global public health issue in recent years. Mailuoning Oral Liquid (MLN) is a modern traditional Chinese medicine prescription composed by Lonicerae japonicae flos, Achyranthis bidentatae radix, Scrophulariae radix and Dendrobium Caulis. MLN is generally used to treat the syndrome of blood stasis in clinical practice. PURPOSE To observe the alleviation of MLN on NASH in vivo, and explore the possible underlying mechanism. Furthermore, this study also aims to find which Chinese medicinal drug contained in MLN exerts the main pharmacological activity. METHODS NASH model was induced in mice by feeding with methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet. The effects of MLN on hepatic lipids accumulation, liver inflammation, hepatic fibrosis, and the expression of some molecules were investigated by histological observation, biochemical index analysis, quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. Network pharmacology was applied to predict those involved molecular targets and potential mechanisms, which was further validated in vivo. BODIPY fluorescence staining assay was used to detect cellular lipids accumulation. RESULTS MLN (7.8, 23.4 ml/kg) improved NASH in MCD-fed mice. Network pharmacology results demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) signaling pathway was crucially involved in the MLN-provided alleviation on NASH. Further experimental validation results showed that MLN increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and restored the decreased expression of nuclear PPARα in MCD-fed mice. Further results displayed that Achyranthis bidentatae radix and Lonicerae japonicae flos contributed greatly to the MLN-provided alleviation on NASH in vivo. BODIPY fluorescence staining assay showed that 25R-inokosterone and cynaroside, two compounds from Achyranthis bidentatae radix and Lonicerae japonicae flos, obviously reduced intracellular lipids accumulation in hepatocytes stimulated by non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA). CONCLUSION MLN improved NASH in MCD-fed mice, and the PGC-1α-PPARα signaling pathway was involved in this process. Moreover, Lonicerae japonicae flos and Achyranthis bidentatae radix contained in MLN contributed greatly to the MLN-provided improvement on NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangya Jia
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Keke Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shaobo Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenxu Lu
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ao Du
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jinling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lili Ji
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong Xu
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Yin Y, Zhu F, Pan M, Bao J, Liu Q, Tao Y. A Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals Anti-Osteoporosis Mechanism of Four Components from Crude and Salt-Processed Achyranthes bidentata Blume in Ovariectomized Rats. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27155012. [PMID: 35956964 PMCID: PMC9370352 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27155012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The root of Achyranthes bidentata Blume (AB) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine for treating osteoporosis. Plenty of studies focused on the pharmacological mechanism of the whole extract; however, the contribution of different components to the anti-osteoporosis effect remains unknown. The aim of this study is to explore the anti-osteoporosis mechanism of different components of crude and salt-processed AB under the guidance of network pharmacology, metabolomics, and microbiomics. First, network pharmacology analysis was applied to constructing the compound-target-disease network of AB to provide a holistic view. Second, the anti-osteoporosis effects of the four components were evaluated in female Wistar rats. The subjects were divided into a normal group, a model group, a 17α-estradiol (E2)-treated group, a polysaccharide-component-treated groups, and a polysaccharide-knockout-component-treated groups. All the serum, urine, and feces samples of the six groups were collected after 16 weeks of treatment. Biochemical and microcomputed tomography (μCT) parameters were also acquired. Coupled with orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination analysis, one dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to monitor serum metabolic alterations. A total of twenty-two biomarkers, including lipids, amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, glucose, and so on were identified for the different components-treated groups. Through pathway analysis, it is indicated that glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, d-glutamine, and d-glutamate metabolism were the major intervened pathways. Levels of these biomarkers shifted away from the model group and were restored to normal after treatment with the four components. In addition, 16S rDNA sequencing demonstrated that the abundance of Anaerofilum, Rothia, and Turicibacter bacteria was positively correlated with an anti-osteoporosis effect, whereas the abundance of Oscillospira was negatively correlated. The osteoprotective effect of the polysaccharide components of crude and salt-processed AB is related to the regulation of the abundance of these gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Yin
- Zhejiang Technical Institute of Economics, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Fei Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Meiling Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jiaqi Bao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yi Tao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Correspondence:
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Esmeeta A, Adhikary S, Dharshnaa V, Swarnamughi P, Ummul Maqsummiya Z, Banerjee A, Pathak S, Duttaroy AK. Plant-derived bioactive compounds in colon cancer treatment: An updated review. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113384. [PMID: 35820317 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is the third most predominant cancer caused by genetic, environmental and nutritional factors. Plant-based compounds are very well known to regress colon cancer in many ways, like delaying tumor growth, managing chemotherapy and radiation therapy side-effects, and working at the molecular levels. Medicinal plants contain many bioactive phytochemicals such as flavonoids, polyphenol compounds, caffeic acid, catechins, saponins, polysaccharides, triterpenoids, alkaloids, glycosides, phenols, quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol and luteolin glycosides, carnosic acid, oleanolic acid, rosmarinic acid, emodin, and eugenol and anthricin. These bioactive compounds can reduce tumor cell proliferation via several mechanisms, such as blocking cell cycle checkpoints and promoting apoptosis through activating initiator and executioner caspase. Traditional medicines have been used globally to treat cancers because of their anti-cancer effects, antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory properties, anti-mutagenic effects, and anti-angiogenic effects. In addition, these medicines effectively suppress early and intermediate stages of carcinogenesis when administered in their active and pure form. However, traditional medicine is not very popular due to some critical challenges. These include poor solubility and absorption of these compounds, intellectual property-related issues, involvement of drug synergism, absence of drug-likeness, and unsure protocols for their extraction from the plant source. Using bioactive compounds in colon cancer has equal advantages and limitations. This review highlights the benefits and challenges of using bioactive compounds derived from plants for colon cancer. We have also discussed using these compounds to target cancer stem cell self-renewal, its effects on cancer cell metabolism, safety parameters, easy modulation, and their bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Esmeeta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - Subhamay Adhikary
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - V Dharshnaa
- Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - P Swarnamughi
- Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Z Ummul Maqsummiya
- Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chennai, India.
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.
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Wang Y, Yao C, Wang M, Li J, Li Z, Zhang J, Wei W, Bi Q, Guo DA. Systematical characterization and comparison of saponins in Achyranthes bidentata Blume and its three analogous species. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022; 33:766-775. [PMID: 35490700 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Achyranthes bidentata Blume (AB) has been used for a long time and is recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition. It is commonly confused with Achyranthes aspera Linn (AA), Cyathula officinalis Kuan (CO) and Cyathula capitata (Wall.) Moq. (CC), belonging to the Achyranthes and Cyathula genera of the Amaranthaceae family. It is of great significance to recognize and distinguish chemical components of AB, AA, CO and CC. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to develop an analytical method for in-depth characterization and comparison of saponins in AB, AA, CO and CC. METHODS The extracts of AB, AA, CO and CC were analyzed by an RP × RP (C18 × Phenyl-Hexyl) 2D LC system, eluted by acidic × ion pair mobile phases and detected by high resolution mass spectrometry. Fragmentation patterns of saponins were elucidated and proposed according to reference compounds or literature reports. RESULTS As a result, 839 saponins consisting of 81, 415, 99 and 392 components corresponding to AB, AA, CO and CC, respectively, were characterized, including 594 potentially new saponins. Meanwhile, 29 kinds of aglycones were elucidated, among which 25 were new ones. Besides, 14, 91, 37 and 174 characteristic potential quality markers with MS intensities exceeding 10,000 were found in AB, AA, CO and CC, respectively. CONCLUSION This comprehensive study not only expands our knowledge of the types of saponins in Achyranthes and Cyathula, but also reveals the differences among four kinds of analogous herbs (AB, AA, CO and CC), which facilitates the quality control of these herbal medicines in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Changliang Yao
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayuan Li
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenwei Li
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenlong Wei
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qirui Bi
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - De-An Guo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Fu C, Qiu Z, Huang Y, Mei Y, Lin Q, Zeng J, Zhong W, Ma D. Protective role of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides against chondrocyte extracellular matrix degeneration through lncRNA GAS5 in osteoarthritis. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:532. [PMID: 35837034 PMCID: PMC9257974 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides (ABPS) is an active ingredient of the flowering plant Achyranthes bidentata that has been previously reported to be effective for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). However, the underlying molecular mechanism remain to be fully clarified. Emerging studies have shown that the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) is involved in the pathogenesis of OA. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the potential mechanism of ABPS by focusing on its effects on the regulation of chondrocyte extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis, with particular emphasis on lncRNA GAS5. In the present study, the modified Hulth method was used to construct OA rats, which were gavaged with 400 mg/kg ABPS for 8 weeks. Histopathological changes in cartilage and subchondral bone were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining and Safranin O-fast green staining. In in vitro experiments, IL-1β-treated chondrocytes were infected with Lenti-lncRNA GAS5. Fluorescence in situ hybridization assay was performed to measure the expression of the lncRNA GAS5 in chondrocytes. Moreover, the relative expression level of lncRNA GAS5 in cartilage tissue and chondrocytes was detected using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Western blot analysis was used to detect protein expression levels of MMP-9, MMP-13, TIMP-1, TIMP-3 and type II collagen in cartilage tissue and chondrocytes. The results indicated that ABPS delayed the degradation of the ECM by chondrocytes in addition to reducing lncRNA GAS5 expression both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, silencing of lncRNA GAS5 expression in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes downregulated the protein expression of MMP-9 and MMP-13 whilst upregulating the expression of tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, TIMP-3 and type II collagen. To conclude, the present study provides evidence that ABPS can inhibit the expression of lncRNA GAS5 in chondrocytes to regulate the homeostasis of ECM, which in turn may delay the occurrence of cartilage degeneration during OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlong Fu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Qiu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Yanfeng Huang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Mei
- Faculty of Nursing, Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Qing Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jianwei Zeng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Weihong Zhong
- Orthopedics Department, Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, P.R. China
| | - Dezun Ma
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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Global Perspective of Plant-Based Cosmetic Industry and Possible Contribution of Sri Lanka to the Development of Herbal Cosmetics. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9940548. [PMID: 35280508 PMCID: PMC8916882 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9940548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The global consumption of plant-based cosmetics has shown spectacular growth in recent years because of rising consumer awareness regarding the long-term health benefits of natural ingredients. As the global demand for herbal cosmetics increases, there are ample opportunities for Sri Lanka as a tropical Asian country to expand its productions and global exports along with its unique biodiversity and inherited traditional knowledge. Therefore, the present review attempts to give an overview of the widely used medicinal plants in the global herbal cosmetic industry and strengths, challenges, and possible solutions for the development of the herbal cosmetic industry of Sri Lanka. Information was collected using electronic search (using Pub Med, Science Direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar, TEEAL, and Scopus) for articles published in peer-reviewed journals, industrial reports, market surveys, and library search for local books on ethnobotany. Important plant-derived ingredients used in the global herbal cosmetic industry are essential oils, colorants, oils, fats, and waxes. The traditional usage of 108 medicinal plant species (belonging to 58 families) in cosmetic treatments was identified from the local books of Sri Lanka. Of these, 49 plant species were reported as new ingredients for the herbal cosmetic industry. However, the lack of ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological surveys to identify the cosmetic potential plants, insufficient or absence of continuous supply of raw materials for production in line with the existing demand, the lack of quality control of raw materials and finished cosmetic products, improper systematic cultivation systems for medicinal plants, poor postharvest practices, and the lack of innovations are major challenges encountered in Sri Lanka for the development of the herbal cosmetic industry. In conclusion, addressing these vital knowledge gaps is a timely requirement of the country for the sustainable development of the herbal cosmetic industry in Sri Lanka. Furthermore, assembling of the multidisciplinary cooperation of botanists, chemists, toxicologists, researchers, and biologists is crucial to analyze the interesting functional properties, efficacy, and effectiveness of documented medicinal plants with cosmetic potential.
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Subramani B, Sathiyarajeswaran P. Current update on herbal sources of antithrombotic activity—a comprehensive review. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2022; 34:26. [PMID: 35283622 PMCID: PMC8899788 DOI: 10.1186/s43162-021-00090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Herbs are commonly used to treat cardiovascular diseases in various traditional medicine. On the other hand, herb-drug interactions are most commonly encountered with conventional antiplatelet and anticoagulant drug prescriptions. This review presents a compilation of plants investigated for antiplatelet and anticoagulation recently and enumerates their possible lead compounds responsible for its action for paving further drug discovery and knowledge update. Main body of the abstract Information about the herbs was withdrawn from the PubMed database of the previous 5 years. We also hand-searched the bibliography of relevant articles for the acquisition of additional information. About 72 herbal sources were identified with the effect of antiplatelet activity, antithrombotic activity, and anticoagulant activity. Bioactive compounds and various secondary metabolites responsible for it, such as alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, coumarins, polyphenols, furan derivatives, iridoid glycosides, sesquiterpenes, aporphine compounds, were reported. Conclusion Newer pharmacological moieties are needed to prevent or reduce the adverse effects of current anti-thrombotic agents and to improve the safety of patients and cost-effectiveness.
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Ayeni EA, Gong Y, Yuan H, Hu Y, Bai X, Liao X. Medicinal Plants for Anti-neurodegenerative diseases in West Africa. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114468. [PMID: 34390796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Neurodegenerative diseases are neuronal diseases that affect the brain components by degenerating the structure and function of the central or peripheral nervous system progressively. It is a leading cause of death and affects huge amount of people worldwide. Plant-based medicines have been utilised in the therapies for many illnesses that have defied western treatments, including neurodegenerative diseases. AIM OF THIS REVIEW This review presents an overview of the major neurodegenerative diseases and reported prominent medicinal plants used in managing those diseases in West Africa. METHODS Scientific articles regarding medicinal plants and their usefulness in managing neurodegenerative diseases in West Africa were pooled from different scientific databases. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses to filter articles based on their relevance. Pharmacological activity, plant parts used, experimental models, and some isolated chemical compounds of those plants were summarised. RESULTS In the West Africa region, Fabaceae (19%) and Solanaceae (13%) have the highest representation of plant families used to treat neurological diseases, while Apocynaceae, Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae have also been utilised. Flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, coumarins present in those plants and their derivatives are reported to possess neuro-protective effects. Biochemical enzymes correlating to antioxidants, anti-inflammatory effects are the potential targets against neurodegenerative diseases. CONCLUSION Medicinal plants for anti-neurodegenerative diseases in West Africa have been documented with their neuropharmacological activities. Plant families such as Fabaceae, Solanaceae, Apocynaceae, Asteraceae, and Euphorbiaceae could be a major natural source for discovery of anti-neurodegenerative drugs, thus the metabolites from them should be given priority for neurological research. This review will provide clues for further investigations on the screening and development of anti-neurodegenerative natural products from West African medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Ayodeji Ayeni
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuzhou Gong
- Shanghai Natural History Museum, Branch of Shanghai Science & Technology Museum, Shanghai, 200041, China; School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yikao Hu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaolin Bai
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xun Liao
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Zhao Z, Nian M, Lv H, Yue J, Qiao H, Yang X, Zheng X. Advances in Anti-Osteoporosis Polysaccharides Derived from Medicinal Herbs and Other Edible Substances. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:441-470. [PMID: 35021963 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disease, and treatment is required for the prevention of low bone mass, deterioration of microstructural bone tissue, and fragility fractures. Osteoporosis therapy includes calcium, vitamin D, and drugs with antiresorptive or anabolic action on the bone. Therapy for osteoporosis does not include taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), but pain associated with osteoporotic fractures can be treated by taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). Recently, polysaccharides extracted from medicinal herbs and edible substances (PsMHES) have attracted attention on account of their safety and promising anti-osteoporosis effects, whereas a systematic review about their potential in anti-osteoporosis is vacant to date. Herein, we reviewed the recent progress of PsMHES with anti-osteoporosis activities, looking to introduce the advances in the various pharmacological mechanisms and targets involved in the anti-osteoporosis effects, extraction methods, main mechanism involved in Wnt/[Formula: see text]-catenin pathways and RANKL (Receptor Activator for NF[Formula: see text]B ligand or TNFSF25) pathways, and Structure-Activity Relationships (SAR) analysis of PsMHES. Typical herbs likeAchyranthes bidentate and Morinda officinalis used for the treatment of osteoporosis are introduced; their traditional uses in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are discussed in this paper as well. This review will help to the recognition of the value of PsMHES in anti-osteoporosis and provide guidance for the research and development of new anti-osteoporosis agents in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefeng Zhao
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xixian New Area, Shaanxi Province 712046, P. R. China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture & Medicine, Xixian New Area, Shaanxi Province 712046, P. R. China
| | - Meng Nian
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture & Medicine, Xixian New Area, Shaanxi Province 712046, P. R. China
| | - Hong Lv
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture & Medicine, Xixian New Area, Shaanxi Province 712046, P. R. China
| | - Jiangxin Yue
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture & Medicine, Xixian New Area, Shaanxi Province 712046, P. R. China
| | - Haifa Qiao
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xixian New Area, Shaanxi Province 712046, P. R. China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture & Medicine, Xixian New Area, Shaanxi Province 712046, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohang Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture & Medicine, Xixian New Area, Shaanxi Province 712046, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
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Abstract
Achyranthes root is a crude drug used as diuretic, tonic and remedy for blood stasis. Characteristic oleanolic acid saponins with a dicarboxylic acid moiety have been isolated as one of the representative constituents of this crude drug. This review focuses on the triterpene saponin constituents, especially those with a characteristic dicarboxylic acid moiety, of A. bidentata and A. fauriei. Several groups isolated the saponins and different names were given to one compound in some cases. The names of the compounds are sorted out and the stereochemistry of the dicarboxylic acid moieties are summarized. HPLC analysis of the composition of the saponin constituents and the effect of processing and extraction conditions on the composition are reviewed. Biological activities of the saponin constituents are also summarized.
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Sunagawa M, Takayama Y, Kato M, Tanaka M, Fukuoka S, Okumo T, Tsukada M, Yamaguchi K. Kampo Formulae for the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain ∼ Especially the Mechanism of Action of Yokukansan ∼. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:705023. [PMID: 34970116 PMCID: PMC8712661 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.705023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kampo medicine has been practiced as traditional medicine (TM) in Japan. Kampo medicine uses Kampo formulae that are composed of multiple crude drugs to make Kampo formulae. In Japan, Kampo formulae are commonly used instead of or combined with Western medicines. If drug therapy that follows the guidelines for neuropathic pain does not work or cannot be taken due to side effects, various Kampo formulae are considered as the next line of treatment. Since Kampo formulae are composed of two or more kinds of natural crude drugs, and their extracts contain many ingredients with pharmacological effects, one Kampo formula usually has multiple effects. Therefore, when selecting a formula, we consider symptoms other than pain. This review outlines the Kampo formulae that are frequently used for pain treatment and their crude drugs and the basic usage of each component. In recent years, Yokukansan (YKS) has become one of the most used Kampo formulae for pain treatment with an increasing body of baseline research available. We outline the known and possible mechanisms by which YKS exerts its pharmacologic benefits as an example of Kampo formulae's potency and holistic healing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Sunagawa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Takayama
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mami Kato
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Midori Tanaka
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiya Fukuoka
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Okumo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mana Tsukada
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kojiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
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Yi J, Li X, Wang S, Wu T, Liu P. Steam explosion pretreatment of Achyranthis bidentatae radix: Modified polysaccharide and its antioxidant activities. Food Chem 2021; 375:131746. [PMID: 34923399 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Steam explosion technology was employed for the pretreatment of Achyranthis bidentatae radix (ABR) under mild conditions, followed by the polysaccharide extraction. An increase in the extraction yield and uronic acid content of crude polysaccharide were detected, along with a decrease in the protein content induced by the steam explosion. The monosaccharide analysis showed the main compositional modification of polysaccharide is the increase in the proportion of galacturonic acid, galactose, and arabinose. It is consistent with the discriminant analysis of the FT-IR and UV-vis spectra. These structural modifications of crude polysaccharide caused by the steam explosion pretreatment (SEP) resulted in the significant increases in their antioxidant activities in vitro and in vivo. Strong correlations were observed between the pretreatment conditions and the changes in the structural characteristics and antioxidant activities of Achyranthis bidentatae radix polysaccharides (ABPS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Yi
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, PR China.
| | - Xin Li
- College of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, PR China
| | - Sai Wang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, PR China
| | - Tiantian Wu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, PR China
| | - Pu Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, PR China
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Wang Y, Ge X, Yu S, Cheng Q. Achyranthes bidentata polypeptide alleviates neurotoxicity of lipopolysaccharide-activated microglia via PI3K/Akt dependent NOX2/ROS pathway. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1522. [PMID: 34790728 PMCID: PMC8576683 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-4027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Achyranthes bidentata polypeptide fraction k (ABPPk) has been shown to protect ischemic stroke and Parkinson’s disease, and can inhibit neuroinflammation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated BV2 microglia. However, the effect of ABPPk responsible for alleviating microglial neurotoxicity remains unknown. Methods Primary microglia were cultured to investigate the effect of ABPPk on LPS-induced neuroinflammation. Microglia conditioned medium (MCM) was collected to stimulate primary cortical neurons and then the neuronal viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, intracellular calcium influx, mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) were assessed, respectively. Postnatal day 5 Sprague-Dawley rat pups were intracerebral injected with LPS to establish an LPS-induced brain injury model. Double immunohistochemical staining for NeuN and Iba1 was performed to evaluate the effects of ABPPk on LPS-induced neuronal damage and microglial activation. TUNEL assay was conducted to detect cell apoptosis in LPS-injected brain. The effect of ABPPk on LPS-induced NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as well as the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) was detected. Moreover, LY294002 (a specific PI3K inhibitor) and SC79 (a specific Akt activator) were used to further reveal the underlying mechanism. Results ABPPk pretreatment inhibited LPS-induced NLRP3 and cleaved caspase 1 expressions as well as the mRNA levels of IL-1β and IL-18. Moreover, ABPPk inhibited glutamate release from LPS-activated microglia in a concentration-dependent manner. MCM stimulation resulted in characteristic neuronal toxicity including neuronal viability decrease, LDH release increase, calcium overload, and MMP drop. However, ABPPk pretreatment on microglia reduced the neurotoxicity of MCM. LPS intracerebral injection led to neuronal damage, microglial activation and cell apoptosis in the brain, while ABPPk preadministration significantly inhibited LPS-induced microglial activation and alleviated the brain injury. ABPPk pretreatment inhibited NOX2 expression and ROS production in LPS-activated primary microglia. Signaling pathway analysis showed that ABPPk promoted the phosphorylation of Akt in microglia and inhibited LPS-upregulated NOX2 expression, ROS production, and glutamate release, which can be eliminated by pharmacological inhibition of PI3K. Specific Akt activator could inhibit LPS-induced NOX2 expression, ROS production and glutamate release. Conclusions The present results suggested that ABPPk could alleviate neurotoxicity of LPS-activated microglia via PI3K/Akt dependent NOX2/ROS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiangyu Ge
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qiong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Fu XL, Zhou J, Tang WW, Liu Y, Li ZL, Li P, Chen J. Study on the compatibility effect and active constituents of Atractylodis Rhizoma in Ermiao Wan against Acute Gouty Arthritis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114353. [PMID: 34161798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ermiao Wan (EMW), composed of Atractylodis Rhizoma (AR) and Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex (PC), is a classical traditional Chinese medicine prescription having been used to treat the disease named "Tong Feng", which is described as "ache in bones and joints" with the same symptom of modern disease named acute gouty arthritis for many years in TCM clinical practice. Besides, both PC and AR were considered to be effective in anti-inflammatory according to modern pharmacological research. AIM OF THE STUDY Present study was undertaken to probe the compatibility rationality between the two herbs PC and AR in EMW and the active constituents of AR against acute gouty arthritis (AGA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Rat model of AGA was induced by intra-articular injection of monosodium urate (MSU) crystal suspension, and PC combined with or without different AR extracts were used for AGA treatment. Ankle joint swelling, proinflammatory cytokines in serum and pathological changes of synovium were investigated. Using the developed UHPLC-QQQ-MS method, the plasma concentrations of the primary alkaloids in PC, such as berberine, phellodendrine, magnoflorine, jatrorrhizine, berberrubine, palmatine, and tetrahydropalmatine, in AGA rat were determined, and pharmacokinetics properties were compared following oral administration of PC, PC combined with or without different AR extracts. RESULTS PC, PC combined with AR volatile oil (VO) extract or PC combined with whole AR extract significantly attenuated the ankle joint swelling of AGA rats. Besides, the combination of PC and VO extract of AR showed superior efficacy than other groups in ameliorating ankle joint swelling, reducing the IL-6 expression in serum and improving tissue lesions of ankle joints. Furthermore, it turned out that the VO extract of AR increased the blood exposure level of PC related alkaloids than non-volatile oil (NVO) extract of AR, by comparing the pharmacokinetic results of each group. CONCLUSIONS The VO components of AR were the key compatible materials to combine with PC in EMW for AGA treatment. Moreover, the enhanced anti-AGA activity of PC after combining with VO extract of AR may attribute to the influence of VO on the pharmacokinetics of PC. This study may provide useful information for elucidating the compatibility effects of AR in EMW against AGA.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Alkaloids/chemistry
- Alkaloids/isolation & purification
- Alkaloids/pharmacokinetics
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Arthritis, Gouty/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Gouty/physiopathology
- Atractylodes/chemistry
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Male
- Mass Spectrometry/methods
- Oils, Volatile/chemistry
- Oils, Volatile/isolation & purification
- Oils, Volatile/pharmacology
- Phellodendron/chemistry
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wei-Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zi-Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Roberto VP, Surget G, Le Lann K, Mira S, Tarasco M, Guérard F, Poupart N, Laizé V, Stiger-Pouvreau V, Cancela ML. Antioxidant, Mineralogenic and Osteogenic Activities of Spartina alterniflora and Salicornia fragilis Extracts Rich in Polyphenols. Front Nutr 2021; 8:719438. [PMID: 34485367 PMCID: PMC8416452 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.719438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is an aging-related disease and a worldwide health issue. Current therapeutics have failed to reduce the prevalence of osteoporosis in the human population, thus the discovery of compounds with bone anabolic properties that could be the basis of next generation drugs is a priority. Marine plants contain a wide range of bioactive compounds and the presence of osteoactive phytochemicals was investigated in two halophytes collected in Brittany (France): the invasive Spartina alterniflora and the native Salicornia fragilis. Two semi-purified fractions, prepared through liquid-liquid extraction, were assessed for phenolic and flavonoid contents, and for the presence of antioxidant, mineralogenic and osteogenic bioactivities. Ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) was rich in phenolic compounds and exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. While S. fragilis EAF only triggered a weak proliferative effect in vitro, S. alterniflora EAF potently induced extracellular matrix mineralization (7-fold at 250 μg/mL). A strong osteogenic effect was also observed in vivo using zebrafish operculum assay (2.5-fold at 10 μg/mL in 9-dpf larvae). Results indicate that polyphenol rich EAF of S. alterniflora has both antioxidant and bone anabolic activities. As an invasive species, this marine plant may represent a sustainable source of molecules for therapeutic applications in bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia P Roberto
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Gwladys Surget
- University of Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, IUEM, Plouzané, France
| | - Klervi Le Lann
- University of Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, IUEM, Plouzané, France
| | - Sara Mira
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Marco Tarasco
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Fabienne Guérard
- University of Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, IUEM, Plouzané, France
| | - Nathalie Poupart
- University of Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, IUEM, Plouzané, France
| | - Vincent Laizé
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,S2-AQUA - Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture Collaborative Laboratory, Olhão, Portugal
| | | | - M Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Algarve Biomedical Center, Faro, Portugal
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Ge X, Wang Y, Yu S, Cao X, Chen Y, Cheng Q, Ding F. Anti-inflammatory Activity of a Polypeptide Fraction From Achyranthes bidentate in Amyloid β Oligomers Induced Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:716177. [PMID: 34456729 PMCID: PMC8397449 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.716177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), and anti-inflammation has been considered as a potential therapeutic strategy. Achyranthes bidentate polypeptide fraction k (ABPPk) was shown to protect neurons from death and suppress microglia and astrocyte activation in PD model mice. However, how ABPPk regulates neuroinflammation to exert a neuroprotective role remains unclear. Toxic Aβ oligomers (AβOs) can trigger inflammatory response and play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. In the present study, for the first time, we investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of ABPPk on neuroinflammation in AβOs-induced models of AD. In vitro, ABPPk pretreatment dose-dependently inhibited AβOs-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines mRNA levels in BV2 and primary microglia. ABPPk pretreatment also reduced the neurotoxicity of BV2 microglia-conditioned media on primary hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, ABPPk down-regulated the AβOs-induced phosphorylation of IκBα and NF-κB p65 as well as the expression of NLRP3 in BV2 microglia. In vivo, ABPPk pre-administration significantly improved locomotor activity, alleviated memory deficits, and rescued neuronal degeneration and loss in the hippocampus of AβOs-injected mice. ABPPk inhibited the activation of microglia in hippocampal CA3 region and suppressed the activation of NF-κB as well as the expression of NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, and ASC in the brain after AβOs injection. ABPPk hindered the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and promoted the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the brain. Notably, the polarization experiment on BV2 microglia demonstrated that ABPPk inhibited M1-phenotype polarization and promoted M2-phenotype polarization by activating the LPS- or AβOs-impaired autophagy in microglia. Taken together, our observations indicate that ABPPk can restore the autophagy of microglia damaged by AβOs, thereby promoting M2-phenotype polarization and inhibiting M1-phenotype polarization, thus playing a role in regulating neuroinflammation and alleviating neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Ge
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Province Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yitong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Province Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Province Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xuemin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Province Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yicong Chen
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qiong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Province Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Fei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Province Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong, China
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Inhibitory Effects of IL-6-Mediated Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 and -13 by Achyranthes japonica Nakai Root in Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis Mice Models. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080776. [PMID: 34451873 PMCID: PMC8402178 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Achyranthes japonica Nakai root (AJNR) is used to treat osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) owing to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This study investigated the inhibitory effects of AJNR on arthritis. AJNR was extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2), and its main compounds, pimaric and kaurenoic acid, were identified. ANJR’s inhibitory effects against arthritis were evaluated using primary cultures of articular chondrocytes and two in vivo arthritis models: destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) as an OA model, and collagenase-induced arthritis (CIA) as an RA model. AJNR did not affect pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6)-mediated cytotoxicity, but attenuated pro-inflammatory cytokine-mediated increases in catabolic factors, and recovered pro-inflammatory cytokine-mediated decreases in related anabolic factors related to in vitro. The effect of AJNR is particularly specific to IL-6-mediated catabolic or anabolic alteration. In a DMM model, AJNR decreased cartilage erosion, subchondral plate thickness, osteophyte size, and osteophyte maturity. In a CIA model, AJNR effectively inhibited cartilage degeneration and synovium inflammation in either the ankle or knee and reduced pannus formation in both the knee and ankle. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that AJNR mainly acted via the inhibitory effects of IL-6-mediated matrix metalloproteinase-3 and -13 in both arthritis models. Therefore, AJNR is a potential therapeutic agent for relieving arthritis symptoms.
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Fu J, Wu H, Wu H, Deng R, Sun M. Deciphering the metabolic profile and pharmacological mechanisms of Achyranthes bidentata blume saponins using ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry coupled with network pharmacology-based investigation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 274:114067. [PMID: 33771642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Achyranthes bidentata Blume (AB) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) widely used as a dietary supplement and anti-arthritis drug. Pharmacological studies have shown that Achyranthes bidentata Blume saponins (ABS) are the main bioactive ingredient. However, the metabolic profile and mechanisms of action of ABS against rheumatic arthritis (RA) remain to be established. AIM OF THE STUDY Our main objective was to investigate the metabolic profile and pharmacological activities of ABS against RA. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, an analytical method based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) coupled with a metabolism platform was developed for metabolic profiling of ABS in rat liver microsomes and plasma. Then, the in vivo metabolites of ABS and their targets associated with RA were used to construct the network pharmacological analysis. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment, KEGG signaling pathway analyses and pathway network analyses were performed. The therapeutic effect of ABS on RA was further evaluated using an adjuvant arthritis (AA) model and network pharmacology results validated via Western blot. RESULTS Overall, 26 and 21 metabolites of ABS were tentatively characterized in rat liver microsomes and plasma, respectively. The metabolic pathways of ABS mainly included M+O, M+O-H2, M+O2, and M+O2-H2. Data form network pharmacology analysis suggested that MAPK, apoptosis, PI3K-AKT and p53 signaling pathways contribute significantly to the therapeutic effects of ABS on RA. In pharmacodynamics experiments, ABS ameliorated the symptoms in AA rats in a dose-dependent manner and restored the homeostasis of pro/anti-inflammatory factors. Western blot results further demonstrated a significant ABS-induced decrease in phosphorylation of ERK in the MAPK pathway (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Application of an analytical method based on UPLC-QTOF/MS, network pharmacology and validation experiments offers novel insights into the components and mechanisms of ABS that contribute to its therapeutic effects against RA, providing useful directions for further research.
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MESH Headings
- Achyranthes
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
- Arthritis, Experimental/blood
- Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/blood
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Cytokines/blood
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Foot Joints/drug effects
- Foot Joints/pathology
- Male
- Mass Spectrometry
- Metabolome/drug effects
- Microsomes, Liver/metabolism
- Pharmacology/methods
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Saponins/pharmacology
- Saponins/therapeutic use
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fu
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Hong Wu
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Ran Deng
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Minghui Sun
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, China
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50
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Alhazmi HA, Najmi A, Javed SA, Sultana S, Al Bratty M, Makeen HA, Meraya AM, Ahsan W, Mohan S, Taha MME, Khalid A. Medicinal Plants and Isolated Molecules Demonstrating Immunomodulation Activity as Potential Alternative Therapies for Viral Diseases Including COVID-19. Front Immunol 2021; 12:637553. [PMID: 34054806 PMCID: PMC8155592 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.637553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have been extensively studied since ancient times and numerous important chemical constituents with tremendous therapeutic potential are identified. Attacks of microorganisms including viruses and bacteria can be counteracted with an efficient immune system and therefore, stimulation of body’s defense mechanism against infections has been proven to be an effective approach. Polysaccharides, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, and lactones are the important phytochemicals, reported to be primarily responsible for immunomodulation activity of the plants. These phytochemicals may act as lead molecules for the development of safe and effective immunomodulators as potential remedies for the prevention and cure of viral diseases. Natural products are known to primarily modulate the immune system in nonspecific ways. A number of plant-based principles have been identified and isolated with potential immunomodulation activity which justify their use in traditional folklore medicine and can form the basis of further specified research. The aim of the current review is to describe and highlight the immunomodulation potential of certain plants along with their bioactive chemical constituents. Relevant literatures of recent years were searched from commonly employed scientific databases on the basis of their ethnopharmacological use. Most of the plants displaying considerable immunomodulation activity are summarized along with their possible mechanisms. These discussions shall hopefully elicit the attention of researchers and encourage further studies on these plant-based immunomodulation products as potential therapy for the management of infectious diseases, including viral ones such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan A Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.,Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Najmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadique A Javed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahnaz Sultana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al Bratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz A Makeen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim M Meraya
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waquar Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal M E Taha
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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