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Deng L, Shi C, Li R, Zhang Y, Wang X, Cai G, Hong Q, Chen X. The mechanisms underlying Chinese medicines to treat inflammation in diabetic kidney disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118424. [PMID: 38844252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
ETHNIC PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the main cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which is a public health problem with a significant economic burden. Serious adverse effects, such as hypotension, hyperkalemia, and genitourinary infections, as well as increasing adverse cardiovascular events, limit the clinical application of available drugs. Plenty of randomized controlled trials(RCTs), meta-analysis(MAs) and systematic reviews(SRs) have demonstrated that many therapies that have been used for a long time in medical practice including Chinese patent medicines(CPMs), Chinese medicine prescriptions, and extracts are effective in alleviating DKD, but the mechanisms by which they work are still unknown. Currently, targeting inflammation is a central strategy in DKD drug development. In addition, many experimental studies have identified many Chinese medicine prescriptions, medicinal herbs and extracts that have the potential to alleviate DKD. And part of the mechanisms by which they work have been uncovered. AIM OF THIS REVIEW This review aims to summarize therapies that have been proven effective by RCTs, MAs and SRs, including CPMs, Chinese medicine prescriptions, and extracts. This review also focuses on the efficiency and potential targets of Chinese medicine prescriptions, medicinal herbs and extracts discovered in experimental studies in improving immune inflammation in DKD. METHODS We searched for relevant scientific articles in the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. We summarized effective CPMs, Chinese medicine prescriptions, and extracts from RCTs, MAs and SRs. We elaborated the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms by which Chinese medicine prescriptions, medicinal herbs and extracts alleviate inflammation in DKD according to different experimental studies. RESULTS After overviewing plenty of RCTs with the low hierarchy of evidence and MAs and SRs with strong heterogeneity, we still found that CPMs, Chinese medicine prescriptions, and extracts exerted promising protective effects against DKD. However, there is insufficient evidence to prove the safety of Chinese medicines. As for experimental studies, Experiments in vitro and in vivo jointly demonstrated the efficacy of Chinese medicines(Chinese medicine prescriptions, medicinal herbs and extracts) in DKD treatment. Chinese medicines were able to regulate signaling pathways to improve inflammation in DKD, such as toll-like receptors, NLRP3 inflammasome, Nrf2 signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, JAK-STAT, and AGE/RAGE. CONCLUSION Chinese medicines (Chinese medicine prescriptions, medicinal herbs and extracts) can improve inflammation in DKD. For drugs that are effective in RCTs, the underlying bioactive components or extracts should be identified and isolated. Attention should be given to their safety and pharmacokinetics. Acute, subacute, and subchronic toxicity studies should be designed to determine the magnitude and tolerability of side effects in humans or animals. For drugs that have been proven effective in experimental studies, RCTs should be designed to provide reliable evidence for clinical translation. In a word, Chinese medicines targeting immune inflammation in DKD are a promising direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchen Deng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, P.R. China; Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Chunru Shi
- The College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Run Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, P.R. China; Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China; Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China; Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Guangyan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Quan Hong
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, P.R. China; Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Hafez SM, Ibrahim HF, Abdelmohsen SR, Yasin NAE, Abouelela YS, Aboelsoud HA. The potential protective effect of propolis on diabetic nephropathy induced by streptozotocin in adult albino rats. Ultrastruct Pathol 2024; 48:338-350. [PMID: 39087752 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2024.2386009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder. It is associated with serious life-threatening complications if not properly managed. The current study aimed at investigating the possible protective role of propolis on streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. A diabetic rat model was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 55 mg/kg streptozotocin. After 4 days, the diabetic rats received oral propolis (300 mg/kg/day) via gastric gavage for 28 days. Biochemical, histopathological and ultrastructural evaluations were performed. The results showed that: streptozotocin-induced diabetes was associated with a marked decrease in the serum high-density lipoproteins and antioxidant enzymes. However, a significant elevation in the levels of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins was detected. Furthermore, streptozotocin treatment induced histopathological alterations of the renal cortex; in the form of distorted glomerular capillaries, widened Bowman's space and signs of epithelial tubular degeneration. Ultra-structurally, thickening and irregularity of the glomerular basement membrane and podocytes foot processes effacement were observed. The tubular epithelial cells showed swollen vacuolated mitochondria, scarce basal infoldings and loss of microvilli. Conversely, propolis partially restored the normal lipid profile, antioxidant biomarkers and renal cortical morphology. Propolis exhibited a sort of renoprotection through hypoglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa M Hafez
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba F Ibrahim
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al- Kharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Noha A E Yasin
- Cytology and Histology, Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yara S Abouelela
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba Abdelnaser Aboelsoud
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al- Kharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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De La Cruz JP, Osuna-Esteban L, Rodríguez-Pérez MD, Ortega-Hombrados L, Sánchez-Tévar AM, Martín-Aurioles E, Fernández-Prior MÁ, Pérez-Burillo S, Espejo-Calvo JA, González-Correa JA. Effect of a Triterpenoid-Rich Olive Oil on Chronic Kidney Disease in an Experimental Model of Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2024; 16:2794. [PMID: 39203930 PMCID: PMC11357248 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of triterpenoids on the development of diabetic nephropathy in an experimental model of diabetes mellitus. For this purpose, a destoned and dehydrated olive oil (DDOO) was used, comparing its effects to a destoned olive oil (DOO). DDOO had a higher triterpenoid content than DOO but an equal content of alcoholic polyphenols. Four study groups (n = 10 animals/group) were formed: healthy rats, diabetic control rats (DRs), and DRs treated orally with 0.5 mL/kg/day of DOO or DDOO for two months. DRs showed impaired renal function (proteinuria, increased serum creatinine, decreased renal creatinine clearance) and morphology (glomerular volume and glomerulosclerosis). These alterations correlated with increased systemic and renal tissue oxidative stress and decreased prostacyclin production. DDOO administration significantly reduced all variables of renal damage, as well as systemic and renal oxidative stress, to a greater extent than the effect produced by DOO. In conclusion, triterpenoid-rich olive oil may prevent kidney damage in experimental diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pedro De La Cruz
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (J.P.D.L.C.); (L.O.-E.); (L.O.-H.); (A.M.S.-T.); (S.P.-B.); (J.A.G.-C.)
| | - Laura Osuna-Esteban
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (J.P.D.L.C.); (L.O.-E.); (L.O.-H.); (A.M.S.-T.); (S.P.-B.); (J.A.G.-C.)
| | - María Dolores Rodríguez-Pérez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (J.P.D.L.C.); (L.O.-E.); (L.O.-H.); (A.M.S.-T.); (S.P.-B.); (J.A.G.-C.)
| | - Laura Ortega-Hombrados
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (J.P.D.L.C.); (L.O.-E.); (L.O.-H.); (A.M.S.-T.); (S.P.-B.); (J.A.G.-C.)
| | - Ana María Sánchez-Tévar
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (J.P.D.L.C.); (L.O.-E.); (L.O.-H.); (A.M.S.-T.); (S.P.-B.); (J.A.G.-C.)
| | | | | | - Sergio Pérez-Burillo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (J.P.D.L.C.); (L.O.-E.); (L.O.-H.); (A.M.S.-T.); (S.P.-B.); (J.A.G.-C.)
| | - Juan Antonio Espejo-Calvo
- Tecnofood I+D+i Soluciones S.L., Instituto para la Calidad y Seguridad Alimentaria (ICSA), 18320 Granada, Spain;
| | - José Antonio González-Correa
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (J.P.D.L.C.); (L.O.-E.); (L.O.-H.); (A.M.S.-T.); (S.P.-B.); (J.A.G.-C.)
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Hashemzadeh V, Hashemzadeh A, Mohebbati R, Arefi RG, Yazdi MET. Fabrication and characterization of gold nanoparticles using alginate: In vitro and in vivo assessment of its administration effects with swimming exercise on diabetic rats. Open Life Sci 2024; 19:20220869. [PMID: 38645750 PMCID: PMC11032099 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have unique features that might lead to the development of a new class of diabetic medicines. AuNPs were biosynthesized utilizing sodium-alginate. UV-Vis-spectroscopy, Fourier transforms infrared, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy dispersive X-ray were used to examine the particles. The potential of AuNPs for improving the diabetes condition was examined along with swimming in rats. FESEM image revealed the spherical morphology with an average particle size of 106.6 ± 20.8 nm. In the diabetic group, serum glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly higher than the control group. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was significantly higher and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was significantly lower in the diabetic group compared to the control group. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also significantly higher in the D group. However, in the groups treated with swimming and gold, these parameters were significantly improved. Specifically, serum-glucose, BUN, creatinine, cholesterol, and TG levels were significantly reduced, while LDL was significantly decreased in the diabetic + swimming + AuNPs group and HDL was significantly increased in the diabetic + AuNPs group. MDA levels were significantly decreased in the treated groups, and other antioxidants were significantly improved in the diabetic + swimming + AuNPs group. Catalase levels were also significantly improved in the D + gold group. It can be concluded that both AuNPs and swimming can decrease diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Hashemzadeh
- Department of Sport Science, Binaloud Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Hashemzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Medicinal Plants, Pharmacological Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Mohebbati
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Reza Gharari Arefi
- Department of Sport Science, Binaloud Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ehsan Taghavizadeh Yazdi
- Department of Pharmacology, Medicinal Plants, Pharmacological Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Bin Karim K, Giribabu N, Bin Salleh N. Marantodes pumilum (Kacip Fatimah) Aqueous Extract Enhances Osteoblast and Suppresses Osteoclast Activities in Cancellous Bone of a Rat Model of Postmenopause. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:821-840. [PMID: 37219787 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04515-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Evidence pointed towards the benefits of Marantodes pumilum in treating osteoporosis after menopause; however, the detailed mechanisms still have not been explored. Therefore, this study aims to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying M. pumilum's bone-protective effect via the involvement of RANK/RANKL/OPG and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Ovariectomized adult female rats were given M. pumilum leaf aqueous extract (MPLA) (50 and 100 mg/kg/day) and estrogen (positive control) orally for twenty-eight consecutive days. Following the treatment, rats were sacrificed, and femur bones were harvested. Blood was withdrawn for analysis of serum Ca2+, PO43-, and bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) levels. The bone microarchitectural changes were observed by H&E and PAS staining and distribution and expression of RANK/RANKL/OPG and Wnt3a/β-catenin and its downstream proteins were determined by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blot, and real-time PCR. MPLA treatment increased serum Ca2+ and PO43- levels and reduced serum BALP levels (p < 0.05). Besides, deterioration in cancellous bone microarchitecture and the loss of bone glycogen and collagen content were mitigated by MPLA treatment. Levels of RANKL, Traf6, and NF-kB but not RANK in bone were decreased; however, levels of OPG, Wnt3a, LRP-5, Frizzled, Dvl, β-catenin, RUNX, and Bmp-2 in bone were increased following treatment with MPLA. In conclusion, MPLA helps to protect against bone deterioration in estrogen deficiency state and thus, this herb could potentially be used to ameliorate osteoporosis in women after menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamarulzaman Bin Karim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nelli Giribabu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Centre for Natural Products and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Naguib Bin Salleh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Centre for Natural Products and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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The Effect of the Extra Virgin Olive Oil Minor Phenolic Compound 3',4'-Dihydroxyphenylglycol in Experimental Diabetic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020377. [PMID: 36678248 PMCID: PMC9866567 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the possible nephroprotective effect of 3',4'-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG), a polyphenolic compound of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), on renal lesions in an experimental model of type 1 diabetes. Rats were distributed as follows: healthy normoglycemic rats (NDR), diabetic rats treated with saline (DR), and DR treated with 0.5 mg/kg/day or 1 mg/kg/day of DHPG. DR showed a significantly higher serum and renal oxidative and nitrosative stress profile than NDR, as well as reduced prostacyclin production and renal damage (defined as urinary protein excretion, reduced creatinine clearance, increased glomerular volume, and increased glomerulosclerosis index). DHPG reduced the oxidative and nitrosative stress and increased prostacyclin production (a 59.2% reduction in DR and 34.7-7.8% reduction in DHPG-treated rats), as well as 38-56% reduction in urinary protein excretion and 22-46% reduction in glomerular morphological parameters (after the treatment with 0.5 or 1 mg/kg/day, respectively). Conclusions: DHPG administration to type 1-like diabetic rats exerts a nephroprotective effect probably due to the sum of its antioxidant (Pearson's coefficient 0.68-0.74), antinitrosative (Pearson's coefficient 0.83), and prostacyclin production regulator (Pearson's coefficient 0.75) effects.
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Wahab NAA, Giribabu N, Kilari EK, Salleh N. Abietic acid ameliorates nephropathy progression via mitigating renal oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis and apoptosis in high fat diet and low dose streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 107:154464. [PMID: 36215789 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abietic acid (AA) has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity, however its protective effect against inflammation and its trigger factor i.e., oxidative stress and the related sequelae i.e., apoptosis and fibrosis in the kidney in diabetes mellitus (DM) is unknown. PURPOSE To identify the ability of AA to mitigate the inflammatory and inflammation-related insults to the kidney in DM. METHODS & STUDY DESIGN Adult male rats were induced type-2 DM by feeding with a high-fat diet for twelve weeks followed by injection with a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (30 mg/kg/bw) intraperitoneally at twelve weeks. Following DM confirmation, AA (10 and 20 mg/kg/day) was given orally for another four weeks. Then the fasting blood glucose (FBG) and renal profile were determined and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) tests were performed. A day after the last treatment, rats were sacrificed and kidneys were harvested and subjected for histopathological and molecular biological analysis. RESULTS AA treatment was found to reduce the FBG, serum urea and creatinine levels (p < 0.05) while improving the OGTT and ITT (p < 0.05) in diabetic rats. Besides, AA treatment also mitigated kidney histopathological changes, reduces kidney oxidative stress as reflected by reduced levels of RAGE and Keap1 but increased levels of kidney antioxidants Nrf2, SOD, CAT, GPX, HO-1 & NQO-1 (p < 0.05). Additionally, AA treatment also decreases kidney inflammation (NF-kB p65, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and iNOS) and fibrosis (TGF-β1 and GSK-3β) (p < 0/05). Kidney apoptosis decreased as reflected by decreased levels of Bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9 while its anti-apoptosis Bcl-2 protein levels increased (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION AA helps to mitigate nephropathy development in DM via counteracting oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Ainina Abd Wahab
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nelli Giribabu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Eswar Kumar Kilari
- Pharmacology Division, A.U. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 530 003, India
| | - Naguib Salleh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Bose Mazumdar Ghosh A, Banerjee A, Chattopadhyay S. An insight into the potent medicinal plant Phyllanthus amarus Schum. and Thonn. THE NUCLEUS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CYTOLOGY AND ALLIED TOPICS 2022; 65:437-472. [PMID: 36407559 PMCID: PMC9660160 DOI: 10.1007/s13237-022-00409-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Phyllanthus amarus Schum. and Thonn., a globally distributed herb is known for its several therapeutic potentials. P. amarus has a long history of use in the traditional system of medicine for over 2000 years owing to its wide array of secondary metabolites that confer significant medicinal attributes. Research on various aspects including ethnobotany, phytochemistry to bioactivity, or pharmacological studies has been conducted over the past several decades on this potent herb. P. amarus extracts have shown a broad range of pharmacological activities like hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimalarial, nephroprotective, diuretic, and several other properties. The present review compiles and covers literature and research of several groups across past decades to date and focuses on how the therapeutic significance of this plant can be further explored for future research either as herbal formulations, alternative medicine, or in the pharmaceutical industry. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13237-022-00409-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparupa Bose Mazumdar Ghosh
- Plant Biology Lab, Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032 India
| | - Anindita Banerjee
- Undergraduate, Postgraduate, and Research Department of Microbiology, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), 30 Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, 700016 India
| | - Sharmila Chattopadhyay
- Plant Biology Lab, Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032 India
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Chen T, Li AP, Gong Q, Zhou L, Zhao YX, Zhou ZW, Zhou WS. The Association of Blood Urea Nitrogen to Creatinine Ratio and the Prognosis of Critically Ill Patients with Cerebral Infarction: A Cohort Study. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:2151840. [PMID: 36262546 PMCID: PMC9576422 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2151840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the association between blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to creatinine (Cr) (BUN/Cr) ratio and the in-hospital mortality of critically ill patients with cerebral infarction in intensive care unit (ICU). Methods In this cohort study, the data of 3059 participants with cerebral infarction were collected from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-III and the MIMIC-IV database. After propensity score matching (PSM) on age and gender, 2085 people were involved in and divided into the alive group (n = 1390) and the dead group (n = 695) based on the results of follow-up. Multivariate logistic analyses were applied to identify the confounders and the association between BUN/Cr and mortality of cerebral infarction. Results The median follow-up time was 10.5 days. Among 2778 participants, 695 were dead at the end of follow-up. Univariate analysis revealed that BUN/Cr [risk ratio (RR) = 1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.02] might be associated with the in-hospital mortality of cerebral infarction patients. After adjusting for respiratory failure, malignant cancer, anticoagulation, liver disease, white blood cell (WBC), red cell distribution width (RDW), glucose, bicarbonate, and temperature, BUN/Cr had week correlation with the increased risk of in-hospital mortality of cerebral infarction patients (RR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.01-1.02). Conclusion This study evaluated the association between BUN/Cr and the in-hospital mortality of cerebral infarction patients in ICU and found that BUN/Cr had weak correlation with the increased risk of in-hospital mortality of patients with cerebral infarction in ICU especially in males and those with respiratory failure, malignant cancer, and without liver disease, as well as those receiving anticoagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410001, China
| | - Ai-Ping Li
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410001, China
| | - Qi Gong
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410001, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410001, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410001, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410001, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410001, China
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Yan LJ. The Nicotinamide/Streptozotocin Rodent Model of Type 2 Diabetes: Renal Pathophysiology and Redox Imbalance Features. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091225. [PMID: 36139064 PMCID: PMC9496087 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus. While there has been a great advance in our understanding of the pathogenesis of DN, no effective managements of this chronic kidney disease are currently available. Therefore, continuing to elucidate the underlying biochemical and molecular mechanisms of DN remains a constant need. In this regard, animal models of diabetes are indispensable tools. This review article highlights a widely used rodent model of non-obese type 2 diabetes induced by nicotinamide (NA) and streptozotocin (STZ). The mechanism underlying diabetes induction by combining the two chemicals involves blunting the toxic effect of STZ by NA so that only a percentage of β cells are destroyed and the remaining viable β cells can still respond to glucose stimulation. This NA-STZ animal model, as a platform for the testing of numerous antidiabetic and renoprotective materials, is also discussed. In comparison with other type 2 diabetic animal models, such as high-fat-diet/STZ models and genetically engineered rodent models, the NA-STZ model is non-obese and is less time-consuming and less expensive to create. Given that this unique model mimics certain pathological features of human DN, this model should continue to find its applications in the field of diabetes research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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11
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Dey P, Kundu A, Lee HE, Kar B, Vishal V, Dash S, Kim IS, Bhakta T, Kim HS. Molineria recurvata Ameliorates Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy through Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Pathways. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27154985. [PMID: 35956936 PMCID: PMC9370403 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Molineria recurvata (MR) has been traditionally used to manage diabetes mellitus in India. However, the molecular mechanism of MR on the diabetic-induced nephropathy has not been clearly investigated. Thus, this study investigates the protective effects of the MR extract on nephropathy in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was instigated by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (45 mg/kg) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Once the diabetes was successfully induced, the MR extract (200 mg/kg/day) or metformin (200 mg/kg/day) was orally administered for 14 days. Renal function, morphology changes and levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured. Blood glucose concentrations were considerably reduced in STZ-induced diabetic rats following treatment with the MR extract. The administration of the MR extract substantially restored the abnormal quantity of the oxidative DNA damage marker 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxy-guanosine (8-OHdG), malondialdehyde, glutathione, oxidized glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). The urinary excretion of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), selenium binding protein 1 (SBP1), and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) was significantly reduced in diabetes rats after administration of the MR extracts. In the kidneys of STZ-induced diabetic rats, the MR extracts markedly downregulated the expression of fibronectin, collagen-1, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). In particular, the MR extracts markedly increased the level of SIRT1 and SIRT3 and reduced claudin-1 in the kidney. These results suggest that the MR extracts exhibits therapeutic activity in contrast to renal injury in STZ-induced diabetic rats through repressing inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanta Dey
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Amit Kundu
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Ha Eun Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Babli Kar
- Bengal Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Asansol 713301, India
| | - Vineet Vishal
- Department of Botany, Bangabasi Evening College, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Suvakanta Dash
- Regional Institute of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Agartala 799006, India
| | - In Su Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Tejendra Bhakta
- Regional Institute of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Agartala 799006, India
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (H.S.K.)
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (H.S.K.)
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12
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Yang Y, Cheng R, Liu J, Fang J, Wang X, Cui Y, Zhang P, Du B. Linarin Protects against Cadmium-Induced Osteoporosis Via Reducing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation and Altering RANK/RANKL/OPG Pathway. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:3688-3700. [PMID: 34674107 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02967-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in the environment is a major public health concern since it has been linked to osteoporosis and other bone deformities. Linarin is a flavonoid glycoside, and it can promote osteoblastogenesis. This research aimed to investigate the potential role of linarin against Cd-exposed bone deformations in mice model. In our research, male mice were randomly allocated into four groups: control, Cd-exposed, and Cd + linarin (20 and 40mg/kg/bw, respectively). Linarin prevented body weight loss, increased serum calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P), and bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) levels in Cd-exposed groups. Furthermore, linarin treatment at 20 and 40mg/kg/bw significantly decreased RANK and OPG, resulting in an increase in RANKL mRNA levels and protein distribution in the bone of Cd-exposed mice. In addition, the bone of Cd-exposed mice administered with linarin showed higher TRAP, NFATc1, MMP9, and RUNX2 mRNA levels and protein distribution. Linarin significantly decreased oxidative stress in Cd-exposed mice bone by decreasing MDA, a lipid peroxidation product. Moreover, linarin protects Cd-exposed mice antioxidant enzymes by increasing bone SOD, CAT, and GPx levels. Besides, linarin suppresses alterations in the inflammatory system, i.e., NF-κB p65/IKKβ, by reducing NF-κB p65, IKKβ, IL-6, and TNF-α in the bone of Cd-exposed animals. This study concluded that linarin has potential to cure osteoporosis in Cd-exposed mice by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation and modulating the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Yang
- Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Xi'an Ninth Hospital, No. 151, East Section of South Second Ring Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Ruining Cheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Xi'an Ninth Hospital, No. 151, East Section of South Second Ring Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Jingyun Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Xi'an Ninth Hospital, No. 151, East Section of South Second Ring Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xi'an Ninth Hospital, No. 151, East Section of South Second Ring Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xi'an Ninth Hospital, No. 151, East Section of South Second Ring Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Yingxue Cui
- Department of Geriatrics, Xi'an Ninth Hospital, No. 151, East Section of South Second Ring Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xi'an Ninth Hospital, No. 151, East Section of South Second Ring Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Bin Du
- Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xi'an Ninth Hospital, No. 151, East Section of South Second Ring Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China.
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Chaihongsa N, Maneesai P, Sangartit W, Rattanakanokchai S, Potue P, Khamseekaew J, Bunbupha S, Pakdeechote P. Cardiorenal dysfunction and hypertrophy induced by renal artery occlusion are normalized by galangin treatment in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113231. [PMID: 35687907 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Galangin is a polyphenolic compound found in Alpinia officinarum and propolis. This study investigated the effect of galangin on blood pressure, the renin angiotensin system (RAS), cardiac and kidney alterations and oxidative stress in two-kidney one-clipped (2K-1C) hypertensive rats. Hypertension was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats (180-220 g), and the rats were given galangin (30 and 60 mg/kg) and losartan (10 mg/kg) for 4 weeks (n = 8/group). Galangin decreased hypertension and cardiac dysfunction and hypertrophy, which was related to the reducing circulation angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity and angiotensin II concentration (p < 0.05). These effects were consistent with the reduced overexpression of angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and collagen type I (Col I) protein in cardiac tissue (p < 0.05). Additionally, renal artery occlusion, procedure-induced kidney dysfunction and fibrosis were attenuated in the galangin-treated group. Galangin treatment normalized the overexpression of AT1R and NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox-4) protein and normalized the downregulation of nuclear factor-erythroid Factor 2-related Factor 2 (Nrf-2) and haem oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in 2K-1C rats (p < 0.05). Galangin exhibited antioxidative effects, as it reduced systemic and tissue oxidative stress markers and increased catalase activity in 2K-1C rats (p < 0.05). In conclusion, galangin attenuated hypertension, renin-angiotensin system activation, cardiorenal damage and oxidative stress induced by renal artery stenosis in rats. These effects might be associated with modulation of the expression of AT1R, TGF-β1 and Col I protein in the heart as well as AT1R/Nox-4 and Nrf-2/HO-1 protein in renal tissue in hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisita Chaihongsa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Putcharawipa Maneesai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Weerapon Sangartit
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | | | - Prapassorn Potue
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Juthamas Khamseekaew
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Sarawoot Bunbupha
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000, Thailand.
| | - Poungrat Pakdeechote
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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Alsuliam SM, Albadr NA, Almaiman SA, Al-Khalifah AS, Alkhaldy NS, Alshammari GM. Fenugreek Seed Galactomannan Aqueous and Extract Protects against Diabetic Nephropathy and Liver Damage by Targeting NF-κB and Keap1/Nrf2 Axis. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10070362. [PMID: 35878267 PMCID: PMC9319613 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10070362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This investigation was conducted to test the potential of the galactomannan (F-GAL) and aqueous extract (FS-AE) of the Fenugreek seed aqueous to prevent liver and kidney damage extracts in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1DM in rats. Non-diabetic and diabetic rats received the normal saline as a vehicle or were treated with FS-EA or F-GAL at a final concentration of 500 mg/kg/each. Treatments with both drugs reduced fasting hyperglycemia and improved serum and hepatic lipid profiles in the control and diabetic rats. Additionally, F-GAL and FS-AE attenuated the associated reduction in the mass and structure of the islets of Langerhans in diabetic rats and improved the structure of the kidneys and livers. In association, they also reduced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxides, factor (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and nuclear levels of NF-κB p65, and improved serum levels of ALT, AST, albumin, and creatinine. However, both treatments increased hepatic and renal superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the livers and kidneys of both the control and diabetic-treated rats, which coincided with a significant increase in transcription, translation, and nuclear localization of Nrf2. In conclusion, FS-AE and F-GAL are effective therapeutic options that may afford a possible treatment for T1DM by attenuating pancreatic damage, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hepatic and renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Alsuliam
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (S.A.A.); (A.S.A.-K.); (G.M.A.)
| | - Nawal A. Albadr
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (S.A.A.); (A.S.A.-K.); (G.M.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Salah A. Almaiman
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (S.A.A.); (A.S.A.-K.); (G.M.A.)
| | - Abdullrahman S. Al-Khalifah
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (S.A.A.); (A.S.A.-K.); (G.M.A.)
| | - Noorah S. Alkhaldy
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ghedeir M. Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (S.A.A.); (A.S.A.-K.); (G.M.A.)
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15
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Shi HH, Zhang LY, Chen LP, Yang JY, Wang CC, Xue CH, Wang YM, Zhang TT. EPA-Enriched Phospholipids Alleviate Renal Interstitial Fibrosis in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats by Regulating TGF-β Signaling Pathways. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20020152. [PMID: 35200681 PMCID: PMC8879699 DOI: 10.3390/md20020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive nephropathy is a chronic kidney disease caused by hypertension. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has been reported to possess an antihypertensive effect, and our previous study suggested that EPA-enriched phospholipid (EPA-PL) had more significant bioactivities compared with traditional EPA. However, the effect of dietary EPA-PL on hypertensive nephropathy has not been studied. The current study was designed to examine the protection of EPA-PL against kidney damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Treatment with EPA-PL for three weeks significantly reduced blood pressure through regulating the renin–angiotensin system in SHRs. Moreover, dietary EPA-PL distinctly alleviated kidney dysfunction in SHRs, evidenced by reduced plasma creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and 24 h proteinuria. Histology results revealed that treatment of SHRs with EPA-PL alleviated renal injury and reduced tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Further mechanistic studies indicated that dietary EPA-PL remarkably inhibited the activation of TGF-β and Smad 3, elevated the phosphorylation level of PI3K/AKT, suppressed the activation of NF-κB, reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and IL-6, and repressed the oxidative stress and the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway in the kidney. These results indicate that EPA-PL has potential value in the prevention and alleviation of hypertensive nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Hao Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (H.-H.S.); (L.-Y.Z.); (L.-P.C.); (J.-Y.Y.); (C.-C.W.); (C.-H.X.); (Y.-M.W.)
| | - Ling-Yu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (H.-H.S.); (L.-Y.Z.); (L.-P.C.); (J.-Y.Y.); (C.-C.W.); (C.-H.X.); (Y.-M.W.)
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Li-Pin Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (H.-H.S.); (L.-Y.Z.); (L.-P.C.); (J.-Y.Y.); (C.-C.W.); (C.-H.X.); (Y.-M.W.)
| | - Jin-Yue Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (H.-H.S.); (L.-Y.Z.); (L.-P.C.); (J.-Y.Y.); (C.-C.W.); (C.-H.X.); (Y.-M.W.)
| | - Cheng-Cheng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (H.-H.S.); (L.-Y.Z.); (L.-P.C.); (J.-Y.Y.); (C.-C.W.); (C.-H.X.); (Y.-M.W.)
| | - Chang-Hu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (H.-H.S.); (L.-Y.Z.); (L.-P.C.); (J.-Y.Y.); (C.-C.W.); (C.-H.X.); (Y.-M.W.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (H.-H.S.); (L.-Y.Z.); (L.-P.C.); (J.-Y.Y.); (C.-C.W.); (C.-H.X.); (Y.-M.W.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Tian-Tian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (H.-H.S.); (L.-Y.Z.); (L.-P.C.); (J.-Y.Y.); (C.-C.W.); (C.-H.X.); (Y.-M.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0532-8203-2597; Fax: +86-0532-8203-2468
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16
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Genistein alleviates renin-angiotensin system mediated vascular and kidney alterations in renovascular hypertensive rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 146:112601. [PMID: 35062067 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein is a bioflavonoid mainly found in soybean. This study evaluated the effect of genistein on vascular dysfunction and kidney damage in two-kidney, one-clipped (2K1C) hypertensive rats. Male Sprague-Dawley-2K1C hypertensive rats were treated with genistein (40 or 80 mg/kg) or losartan 10 mg/kg (n = 8/group). Genistein reduced blood pressure, attenuated the increase in sympathetic nerve-mediated contractile response and endothelial dysfunction in the mesenteric vascular beds and aorta of 2K1C rats. Increases in the intensity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the mesentery and plasma norepinephrine (NE) were alleviated in the genistein-treated group. Genistein also improved renal dysfunction, hypertrophy of the non-clipped kidney (NCK) and atrophy of the clipped kidney (CK) in 2K1C rats. Upregulation of angiotensin II receptor type I (AT1R), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunit 4 (Nox4) and Bcl2-associated X protein (BAX) and downregulation of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) protein found in CK were restored by genistein. It also suppressed the overexpression of AT1R, transforming growth factor beta I (TGF-β1), smad2/3 and p-smad3 in NCK. Genistein reduced serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity and plasma angiotensin II (Ang II) in 2K1C rats. Low levels of catalase activity as well as high levels of superoxide generation and malondialdehyde (MDA) in 2K1C rats were restored by genistein treatment. In conclusion, genistein suppressed renin-angiotensin system-mediated sympathetic activation and oxidative stress in 2K1C rats. It alleviated renal atrophy in CK via modulation of AT1R/NADPH oxidase/Bcl-2/BAX pathways and hypertrophy in NCK via AT1R/TGF-β1/smad-dependent signalling pathways.
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Yang F, Zhang Z, Zhang L. Bisacurone attenuates diabetic nephropathy by ameliorating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271221143713. [PMID: 36510688 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221143713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes nephropathy (DN) is a serious diabetic problem that may progress to renal failure. The root of Curcuma longa L., often known as turmeric, provides various health benefits. Bisacurone is a bioactive terpenoid found in small amounts in turmeric that possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The present study focuses on the potential protective effects of bisacurone against DN via reducing renal inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. METHODS Type 2 diabetes was created in rats by feeding them a high-fat/high-sugar diet for 8 weeks, followed by a low dose of streptozotocin and Bisacurone (50 and 100 μg/kg bisacurone) given for 4 weeks. RESULTS In diabetic rats, bisacurone reduced hyperglycemia, protected against body weight (BW) loss, lowered renal markers, reduced lipid profile alterations and avoided histological abnormalities. Bisacurone treatment reduced oxidative stress by decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels while enhancing antioxidant defenses through superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels. Furthermore, bisacurone treatment activated the renal Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway but attenuated the high levels of NFκB p65, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, Cox2, and iNOS. Bisacurone also reduced Bax, caspase-3, caspase-9 and cytochrome c but increased Bcl-2 in the kidneys of diabetic rats. CONCLUSION In the present study, bisacurone reduces DN by reducing hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, while also increasing Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 12636Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Clinical Medicine, 12610Tianjing Medical University, Tianjing, China
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, 612973Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
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18
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Molecular Mechanistic Pathways Targeted by Natural Antioxidants in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010015. [PMID: 35052518 PMCID: PMC8772744 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the progressive loss of renal function and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Despite optimal therapy, many patients progress to ESRD and require dialysis or transplantation. The pathogenesis of CKD involves inflammation, kidney fibrosis, and blunted renal cellular antioxidant capacity. In this review, we have focused on in vitro and in vivo experimental and clinical studies undertaken to investigate the mechanistic pathways by which these compounds exert their effects against the progression of CKD, particularly diabetic nephropathy and kidney fibrosis. The accumulated and collected data from preclinical and clinical studies revealed that these plants/bioactive compounds could activate autophagy, increase mitochondrial bioenergetics and prevent mitochondrial dysfunction, act as modulators of signaling pathways involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, and renal fibrosis. The main pathways targeted by these compounds include the canonical nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), canonical transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), autophagy, and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE). This review presented an updated overview of the potential benefits of these antioxidants and new strategies to treat or reduce CKD progression, although the limitations related to the traditional formulation, lack of standardization, side effects, and safety.
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Rodríguez-Pérez MD, López-Villodres JA, Arrebola MM, Martín-Aurioles E, Fernández-Prior Á, Bermúdez-Oria A, Ríos MC, De La Cruz JP, González-Correa JA. Nephroprotective Effect of the Virgin Olive Oil Polyphenol Hydroxytyrosol in Type 1-like Experimental Diabetes Mellitus: Relationships with Its Antioxidant Effect. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111783. [PMID: 34829654 PMCID: PMC8615082 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether hydroxytyrosol administration prevented kidney damage in an experimental model of type 1 diabetes mellitus in rats. Hydroxytyrosol was administered to streptozotocin-diabetic rats: 1 and 5 mg/kg/day p.o. for two months. After hydroxytyrosol administration, proteinuria was significantly reduced (67-73%), calculated creatinine clearance was significantly increased (26-38%), and the glomerular volume and glomerulosclerosis index were decreased (20-30%). Hydroxytyrosol reduced oxidative and nitrosative stress variables and thromboxane metabolite production. Statistical correlations were found between biochemical and kidney function variables. Oral administration of 1 and 5 mg/kg/day of hydroxytyrosol produced an antioxidant and nephroprotective effect in an experimental model of type 1-like diabetes mellitus. The nephroprotective effect was significantly associated with the systemic and renal antioxidant action of hydroxytyrosol, which also influenced eicosanoid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Dolores Rodríguez-Pérez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute (IBIMA), University of Malaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.D.R.-P.); (J.A.G.-C.)
| | | | - María Monsalud Arrebola
- Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Management Unit, Hospital Axarquía, AGSEMA, 29740 Málaga, Spain;
| | | | - África Fernández-Prior
- Department of Food Phytochemistry, Instituto de la Grasa (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain; (Á.F.-P.); (A.B.-O.)
| | - Alejandra Bermúdez-Oria
- Department of Food Phytochemistry, Instituto de la Grasa (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain; (Á.F.-P.); (A.B.-O.)
| | - María Carmen Ríos
- Area of Human Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.A.L.-V.); (M.C.R.)
| | - José Pedro De La Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute (IBIMA), University of Malaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.D.R.-P.); (J.A.G.-C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-952131567
| | - José Antonio González-Correa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute (IBIMA), University of Malaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.D.R.-P.); (J.A.G.-C.)
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20
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Deng J, Liu Y, Liu Y, Li W, Nie X. The Multiple Roles of Fibroblast Growth Factor in Diabetic Nephropathy. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:5273-5290. [PMID: 34703268 PMCID: PMC8524061 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s334996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common microvascular complication in the late stages of diabetes. Currently, the etiology and pathogenesis of DN are not well understood. Even so, available evidence shows its development is associated with metabolism, oxidative stress, cytokine interaction, genetic factors, and renal microvascular disease. Diabetic nephropathy can lead to proteinuria, edema and hypertension, among other complications. In severe cases, it can cause life-threatening complications such as renal failure. Patients with type 1 diabetes, hypertension, high protein intake, and smokers have a higher risk of developing DN. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) regulates several human processes essential for normal development. Even though FGF has been implicated in the pathological development of DN, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This review summarizes the role of FGF in the development of DN. Moreover, the association of FGF with metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis in the context of DN is discussed. Findings of this review are expected to deepen our understanding of DN and generate ideas for developing effective prevention and treatments for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqiu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Chinese Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuqiang Nie
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Chinese Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
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21
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Othman MS, Khaled AM, Al-Bagawi AH, Fareid MA, Ghany RA, Habotta OA, Abdel Moneim AE. Hepatorenal protective efficacy of flavonoids from Ocimum basilicum extract in diabetic albino rats: A focus on hypoglycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112287. [PMID: 34649220 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant derived phytochemical therapy is a bright candidate for treatment of diabetes and its associated complications. Ocimum baslicum is used as an anti-diabetic traditional medicine. Hence, the present study investigated the effect of Hail Ocimum extract (HOE) and its total flavonoids (HOETF) against hepatorenal damage in experimental diabetes induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in rats. Diabetic animals were co-treated daily with HOE, HOETF or metformin (MET) as a standard anti-diabetic drug for four weeks. Compared to controls, HFD/STZ-treatment lead to significant increases in fasting blood glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR levels. Furthermore, diabetic rats had elevated hepatic (ALT and ALP) and kidney functions (urea and creatinine) biomarkers together with disturbed lipid profile and decreased PPAR-γ gene expression. Higher levels of hepatic and renal LPO and NO paralleled with lower levels of GSH and activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx and GR) after HFD/STZ treatment. Additionally, noteworthy inflammatory and apoptotic responses were evident in both organs of diabetic rats as witnessed by augmented levels of TNF-α, IL-1b and Bax levels with declined levels of Bcl-2. Moreover, histological examination of hepatic, renal and pancreatic tissues validated the biochemical findings. On contrary, co-treatment of diabetic animals with HOE or HOETF could decrease glucose and insulin levels together with improvement of lipid markers and alleviation of hepatorenal dysfunction, oxidative injury, inflammatory and apoptotic events. Conclusively, HOE or HOETF could be a promising complementary therapeutic option for the management of diabetic hepatorenal complication owing to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory; anti-apoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Othman
- Basic Sciences Department, Deanship of Preparatory Year, University of Ha'il, Hail, Saudi Arabia; Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Science and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt.
| | - Azza M Khaled
- Basic Sciences Department, Deanship of Preparatory Year, University of Ha'il, Hail, Saudi Arabia; National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal H Al-Bagawi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Ha'il, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Fareid
- Basic Sciences Department, Deanship of Preparatory Year, University of Ha'il, Hail, Saudi Arabia; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reda A Ghany
- Basic Sciences Department, Deanship of Preparatory Year, University of Ha'il, Hail, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ola A Habotta
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Abdel Moneim
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
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22
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Guo J, Li J, Wei H, Liang Z. Maackiain Protects the Kidneys of Type 2 Diabetic Rats via Modulating the Nrf2/HO-1 and TLR4/NF-κB/Caspase-3 Pathways. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:4339-4358. [PMID: 34703210 PMCID: PMC8525417 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s326975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is aglobal health burden that accounts for about 90% of all cases of diabetes. Injury to the kidneys is aserious complication of type 2 diabetes. Maackiain, apterocarpan extracted from roots of Sophora flavescens, has been traditionally used for various disease conditions. However, nothing is known about its possible potential effect on HFD/STZ-T2D-induced nephrotoxicity. METHODS In this study, T2D rat model is created by high-fat diet (HFD) for 2 weeks with injection of asingle dose of streptozotocin (35mg/kg body weight). T2D rats were orally administered with maackiain (10 and 20mg/kg body weight) for 7 weeks. RESULTS Maackiain suppressed T2D-induced alterations in metabolic parameters, lipid profile and kidney functionality markers. By administering 10 and 20mg/kg maackiain to T2D rats, it was able to reduce lipid peroxidation while improving antioxidant levels (SOD, CAT, and GSH). Furthermore, the present study demonstrated the molecular mechanisms through which maackiain attenuated T2D-induced oxidative stress (mRNA: Nrf2, Nqo-1, Ho-1, Gclc and Gpx-1; protein: NRF2, NQO-1, HO-1 and NOX-4), inflammation (mRNA: Tlr, Myd88, IκBα, Mcp-1, Tgf-β, col4, Icam1, Vcam1 and E-selectin; Protein: TLR4, MYD88, NF-κB, IκBα, MCP-1; levels: TNF-α and MCP-1) and apoptosis (mRNA: Bcl-2, Bax, Bad, Apaf-1, Caspase-9 and Caspase-3; protein: Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9) mediated renal injury. Additionally, significant improvement in kidney architecture was observed after treatment of diabetic rats with 10 or 20mg/kg maackiain. CONCLUSION Maackiain protects the kidney by decreasing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis to preserve normal renal function in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, The Fourth Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junying Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Pingdu district, Pingdu City, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, The Fourth Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaozhi Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, The Fourth Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, People’s Republic of China
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23
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Karim K, Giribabu N, Salleh N. Marantodes pumilum Var Alata (Kacip Fatimah) ameliorates derangement in RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway and reduces inflammation and oxidative stress in the bone of estrogen-deficient female rats with type-2 diabetes. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153677. [PMID: 34333329 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND M. pumilum has been claimed to protect the bone against the adverse effect of estrogen deficiency. Additionally, it also exhibits anti-diabetic activity. In view of these, this study aims to identify the mechanisms underlying the bone protective effect of M. pumilum in the presence of both estrogen deficiency and diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS Ovariectomized, diabetic female rats were given M. pumilum leave aqueous extract (MPLA) (50 and 100 mg/kg/day), estrogen, glibenclamide and estrogen plus glibenclamide for 28 consecutive days. At the end of the treatment, fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum insulin, Ca2+, PO43- and bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) levels were measured. Rats were sacrificed and femur bones were harvested for determination of expression level and distribution of RANK, RANKL, OPG and oxidative stress and inflammatory proteins by molecular biological techniques. RESULTS 100 mg/kg/day MPLA treatment decreased the FBG and BALP levels but increased the serum insulin, Ca2+ and PO43- levels in estrogen deficient, diabetic rats. Expression and distribution of RANKL, NF-κB p65, IKKβ, IL-6, IL-1β and Keap-1 decreased however expression and distribution of RANK, OPG, BMP-2, Type-1 collagen, Runx2, TRAF6, Nrf2, NQO-1, HO-1, SOD and CAT increased in the bone of estrogen deficient, diabetic rats which received 100 mg/kg/day MPLA with greater effects than estrogen-only, glibenclamide-only and estrogen plus glibenclamide treatments. CONCLUSION MPLA helps to overcome the adverse effect of estrogen deficiency and DM on the bone and thus this herb could potentially be used for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamarulzaman Karim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nelli Giribabu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Naguib Salleh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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24
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Li D, Wang L, Ou J, Wang C, Zhou J, Lu L, Wu Y, Gao J. Reactive oxygen species induced by uric acid promote NRK‑52E cell apoptosis through the NEK7‑NLRP3 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:729. [PMID: 34414459 PMCID: PMC8383041 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing uric acid (UA) could induce renal tubular epithelial cell (NRK-52E) injury. However, the specific mechanism by which UA induces renal tubular epithelial cell injury remains unknown. It was hypothesized that UA induces renal tubular epithelial cell injury through reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the Never in mitosis gene A (NIMA)-related kinase 7 (NEK7)/NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathway. TUNEL assay and flow cytometry were applied to measure apoptosis, and the results of the present study showed that UA treatment induced apoptosis of NRK-52E cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Western blotting was performed to determine the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-xl, it was found that levels were significantly increased after UA treatment in NRK-52E cells. ROS and apoptosis were predominantly induced in NRK-52E cells and there was an association between ROS and apoptosis. Enhanced expression of NEK7, NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like and caspase-1 were observed in NRK-52E cells treated with UA. The ROS inhibitor, N-acetyl-l-cysteine, exerted a protective effect on the UA-induced apoptosis of tubular epithelial cells by reducing excess ROS production, which significantly inhibited NEK7 and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. These results indicated that UA activates ROS and induces apoptosis of NRK-52E cells. The mechanism might be related to the regulation of the NEK7/NLRP3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Luobing Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Jiaoying Ou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai TCM‑Integrated Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, P.R. China
| | - Chuanxu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Jiabao Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Lili Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yanshneg Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Jiandong Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
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25
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Tong ZW, Gul H, Awais M, Saddick S, Khan FS, Gulfraz M, Afzal U, Nazir K, Malik MY, Khan SU, Khan MI. Determination of in vivo biological activities of Dodonaea viscosa flowers against CCL 4 toxicity in albino mice with bioactive compound detection. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13336. [PMID: 34172756 PMCID: PMC8233356 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92638-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dodonaea viscosa L.Jacq. is an evergreen shrub and native to Asia, Africa, and Australia. It has been used as traditional medicine in different countries. The foremost objective of the current study was to discover the protective potential of D. viscosa flowers Methanol (DVM) and Chloroform (DVC) extracts against CCL4 induced toxicity in mice. This study was intended to identify phytochemicals through HPLC, GCMS, and FT-IR, as well as in vitro antioxidant and in vitro anti-tuberculosis activity. Our comprehensive findings indicate that Dodonaea viscosa is valuable and widespread herbal medicine through therapeutic potentials for curing various ailments. Dodonaeaviscosa flowersare found to have a protective effect against oxidative stress produced by CCL4 in the liver, kidney, and spleen. The intake of DV extracts restored the level of hepatic enzymes (ALP, AST ALT, and Direct bilirubin), hematological parameters (RBCs, WBCs, and Platelets), total protein, and liver antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx, and CAT) after a decline in levels by CCL4. Histopathological results discovered the defensive effect of 300 mg/kg of DVM extract against CCL4 induced damage, thus having an improved protective effect compared to DVC and control. As a result of metabolite screening, the total flavonoids and total phenolics were present in abundance. A phytochemical investigation by HPLC identified gallic acid, epicatechin, cumeric acid, flavonoids, while GCMS estimated oleic acid (Octadecenoic acid) (C18H34O2), Stearic acid (C18H36O2), Ricinoleic acid (C18H34O3), and Cedrol (C15H26O). DVM extract exhibited resistance against in vitro Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. So this study proposed that the protective effect of DV against oxidative damage induced in the liver, kidney, and spleen can be correlated to the antioxidant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Wei Tong
- grid.413679.e0000 0004 0517 0981Department of Infectious Diseases, Huzhou Central Hospital, Zhejiang, 313000 Huzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Hina Gul
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (UIBB), PMAS UAAR Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Awais
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Salina Saddick
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Falak Sher Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Gulfraz
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (UIBB), PMAS UAAR Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Umara Afzal
- Department of Chemistry, Rawalpindi Women University, Satellite Town, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Khizar Nazir
- grid.442867.b0000 0004 0401 3861Department of Biosciences, University of Wah, Wah Cantt, 47040 Pakistan
| | - M. Y. Malik
- grid.412144.60000 0004 1790 7100Department of Mathematics, College of Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami Ullah Khan
- grid.418920.60000 0004 0607 0704Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal, 57000 Pakistan
| | - M. Ijaz Khan
- grid.414839.30000 0001 1703 6673Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Riphah International University, I-14, Islamabad, 44000 Pakistan
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Nna VU, Abu Bakar AB, Zakaria Z, Othman ZA, Jalil NAC, Mohamed M. Malaysian Propolis and Metformin Synergistically Mitigate Kidney Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113441. [PMID: 34198937 PMCID: PMC8201379 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is reported to occur as a result of the interactions between several pathophysiological disturbances, as well as renal oxidative stress and inflammation. We examined the effect of Malaysian propolis (MP), which has anti-hyperglycemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, on diabetes-induced nephropathy. Diabetic rats were either treated with distilled water (diabetic control (DC) group), MP (300 mg/kg b.w./day), metformin (300 mg/kg b.w./day) or MP + metformin for four weeks. We found significant increases in serum creatinine, urea and uric acid levels, decreases in serum sodium and chloride levels, and increase in kidney lactate dehydrogenase activity in DC group. Furthermore, malondialdehyde level increased significantly, while kidney antioxidant enzymes activities, glutathione level and total antioxidant capacity decreased significantly in DC group. Similarly, kidney immunoexpression of nuclear factor kappa B, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and caspase-3 increased significantly, while IL-10 immunoexpression decreased significantly in DC group relative to normal control group. Histopathological observations for DC group corroborated the biochemical data. Intervention with MP, metformin or both significantly mitigated these effects and improved renal function, with the best outcome following the combined therapy. MP attenuates diabetic nephropathy and exhibits combined beneficial effect with metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Udo Nna
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115 Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria;
| | - Ainul Bahiyah Abu Bakar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (A.B.A.B.); (Z.Z.); (Z.A.O.)
| | - Zaida Zakaria
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (A.B.A.B.); (Z.Z.); (Z.A.O.)
| | - Zaidatul Akmal Othman
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (A.B.A.B.); (Z.Z.); (Z.A.O.)
- Unit of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 20400, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nur Asyilla Che Jalil
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Mahaneem Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115 Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria;
- Unit of Integrative Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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27
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Yan LJ. NADH/NAD + Redox Imbalance and Diabetic Kidney Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050730. [PMID: 34068842 PMCID: PMC8153586 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common and severe complication of diabetes mellitus. If left untreated, DKD can advance to end stage renal disease that requires either dialysis or kidney replacement. While numerous mechanisms underlie the pathogenesis of DKD, oxidative stress driven by NADH/NAD+ redox imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction have been thought to be the major pathophysiological mechanism of DKD. In this review, the pathways that increase NADH generation and those that decrease NAD+ levels are overviewed. This is followed by discussion of the consequences of NADH/NAD+ redox imbalance including disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis and function. Approaches that can be applied to counteract DKD are then discussed, which include mitochondria-targeted antioxidants and mimetics of superoxide dismutase, caloric restriction, plant/herbal extracts or their isolated compounds. Finally, the review ends by pointing out that future studies are needed to dissect the role of each pathway involved in NADH-NAD+ metabolism so that novel strategies to restore NADH/NAD+ redox balance in the diabetic kidney could be designed to combat DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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28
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Shanmugam KR, Shanmugam B, Subbaiah GV, Ravi S, Reddy KS. Medicinal Plants and Bioactive Compounds for Diabetes Management: Important Advances in Drug Discovery. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:763-774. [PMID: 32988345 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200928160357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a major public health problem in the world. It affects each and every part of the human body and also leads to organ failure. Hence, great progress is made in the field of herbal medicine and diabetic research. OBJECTIVES Our review will focus on the effect of bioactive compounds of medicinal plants which are used to treat diabetes in India and other countries. METHODS Information regarding diabetes, oxidative stress, medicinal plants and bioactive compounds was collected from different search engines like Science direct, Springer, Wiley online library, Taylor and francis, Bentham Science, Pubmed and Google scholar. Data was analyzed and summarized in the review. RESULTS Anti-diabetic drugs that are in use have many side effects on vital organs like heart, liver, kidney and brain. There is an urgent need for alternative medicine to treat diabetes and their disorders. In India and other countries, herbal medicine was used to treat diabetes. Many herbal plants have antidiabetic effects. The plants like ginger, phyllanthus, gymnea, aswagandha, aloe, hibiscus and curcuma showed significant anti-hyperglycemic activities in experimental models and humans. The bioactive compounds like Allicin, azadirachtin, cajanin, curcumin, querceitin, gingerol possess anti-diabetic, antioxidant and other pharmacological properties. This review focuses on the role of bioactive compounds of medicinal plants in the prevention and management of diabetes. CONCLUSION Moreover, our review suggests that bioactive compounds have the therapeutic potential against diabetes. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondeti R Shanmugam
- Department of Zoology, T.R.R. Government Degree College, Kandukur, A.P, India
| | - Bhasha Shanmugam
- Division of Molecular Biology and Ethanopharmacology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati - 517 502, India
| | - Ganjikunta V Subbaiah
- Division of Molecular Biology and Ethanopharmacology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati - 517 502, India
| | - Sahukari Ravi
- Division of Molecular Biology and Ethanopharmacology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati - 517 502, India
| | - Kesireddy S Reddy
- Division of Molecular Biology and Ethanopharmacology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati - 517 502, India
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Tong MQ, Luo LZ, Xue PP, Han YH, Wang LF, Zhuge DL, Yao Q, Chen B, Zhao YZ, Xu HL. Glucose-responsive hydrogel enhances the preventive effect of insulin and liraglutide on diabetic nephropathy of rats. Acta Biomater 2021; 122:111-132. [PMID: 33444802 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most serious complications of diabetes mellitus. The combination of insulin (Ins) with liraglutide (Lir) has a greater potential for preventing DN than monotherapy. However, the renal protective effect of the combined Ins/Lir therapy is largely compromised due to their short half-lives after subcutaneous injection. Herein, a glucose-responsive hydrogel was designed in situ forming the dynamic boronic esters bonds between phenylboronic acid-grafted γ-Polyglutamic acid (PBA-PGA) and konjac glucomannan (KGM). It was hypothesized that the KGM/PBA-PGA hydrogel as the delivery vehicle of Ins/Lir would enhance the combinational effect of the latter on preventing the DN progress. Scan electronic microscopy and rheological studies showed that KGM/PBA-PGA hydrogel displayed good glucose-responsive property. Besides, the glucose-sensitive release profile of either Ins or Lir from KGM/PBA-PGA hydrogel was uniformly displayed at hyperglycemic level. Furthermore, the preventive efficacy of KGM/PBA-PGA hydrogel incorporating insulin and liraglutide (Ins/Lir-H) on DN progress was evaluated on streptozotocin-induced rats with diabetic mellitus (DM). At 6 weeks after subcutaneous injection of Ins/Lir-H, not only the morphology of kidneys was obviously recovered as shown by ultrasonography, but also the renal hemodynamics was significantly improved. Meanwhile, the 24-h urinary protein and albumin/creatinine ratio were well modulated. Inflammation and fibrosis were also largely inhibited. Besides, the glomerular NPHS-2 was obviously elevated after treatment with Ins/Lir-H. The therapeutic mechanism of Ins/Lir-H was highly associated with the alleviation of oxidative stress and activation of autophagy. Conclusively, the better preventive effect of the combined Ins/Lir via KGM/PBA-PGA hydrogel on DN progress was demonstrated as compared with their mixed solution, suggesting KGM/PBA-PGA hydrogel might be a potential vehicle of Ins/Lir to combat the progression of DN.
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Xu S, He L, Ding K, Zhang L, Xu X, Wang S, Qian X. Tanshinone IIA Ameliorates Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy, Partly by Attenuating PERK Pathway-Induced Fibrosis. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:5773-5782. [PMID: 33408464 PMCID: PMC7780857 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s257734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA), a compound extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza, can improve type II diabetes, while the molecular mechanisms underlying Tan IIA-mediated protective effects in diabetic nephropathy are unclear. This study explored the protective actions of Tan IIA on renal tissues in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy. Materials and Methods Tan IIA (2, 4, 8 mg/kg/day) was daily administered to STZ-treated rats by intraperitoneal injection for 42 days. The morphologic pathology was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining, and transmission electron microscopy. The protein expression levels in renal tissues were evaluated by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry; the mRNA expression level was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Results Tan IIA at 2 and 4 mg/kg attenuated the increase in the levels of uric acid and blood urea nitrogen and restored the reduction in the superoxide dismutase activity in the serum of the diabetic rats. Tan IIA at 2 and 4 mg/kg, but not 8 mg/kg, ameliorated the thickening of renal tubule in the diabetic rats; Tan IIA at 2 and 4 and 8 mg/kg attenuated the thickening of glomerular basement membrane and the collagen deposition in the renal tissues of the diabetic rats. Tan IIA treatment at 2, 4, 8 mg/kg decreased the expression levels of transforming growth factor-beta1, TSP-1, Grp78 and CHOP in the diabetic rats. Tan IIA at 2 and 4 and 8 mg/kg attenuated the increase in the protein levels of p-PERK, p-elf2α and ATF-4 from the renal tissues of diabetic rats, while the protein level of AFT-6 and the mRNA expression levels of XBP-1t, XBP-1s and p58IPK in the renal tissues were not affected by STZ or Tan IIA treatment. Conclusion Tan IIA-mediated protective effects on the STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy may be associated with the reduced endoplasmic reticulum stress via attenuating PERK signaling activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Xu
- Department of Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianjun He
- Precision Medicine Centre, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, People's Republic of China
| | - Keke Ding
- Department of Urology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhui Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyi Qian
- Precision Medicine Centre, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, People's Republic of China
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Kose O, Kurt Bayrakdar S, Unver B, Altin A, Akyildiz K, Mercantepe T, Bostan SA, Arabaci T, Turker Sener L, Emre Kose T, Tumkaya L, Yilmaz A, Kuluslu G. Melatonin improves periodontitis-induced kidney damage by decreasing inflammatory stress and apoptosis in rats. J Periodontol 2020; 92:22-34. [PMID: 33251634 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two main aims of this animal study were to inspect the possible effects of periodontitis on the structure and functions of the kidneys and the therapeutic effectiveness of melatonin. METHODS Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, experimental periodontitis (Ep), and Ep-melatonin (Ep-Mel). Periodontitis was induced by placing 3.0-silk sutures sub-paramarginally around the cervix of right-left mandibular first molars and maintaining the sutures for 5 weeks. Then melatonin (10 mg/kg body weight/day, 14 days), and the vehicle was administered intraperitonally. Mandibular and kidney tissue samples were obtained following the euthanasia. Periodontal bone loss was measured via histological and microcomputed tomographic slices. On right kidney histopathological and immunohistochemical, and on the left kidney biochemical (malonyl-aldehyde [MDA], glutathione, oxidative stress [OSI], tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-1β, matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]-8, MMP-9, and cathepsin D levels) evaluations were performed. Renal functional status was analyzed by levels of serum creatinine, urea, cystatin-C, and urea creatinine. RESULTS Melatonin significantly restricted ligature-induced periodontal bone loss (P <0 .01) and suppressed the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β), oxidative stress (MDA and OSI), and proteases (MMP-8, MMP-9, and CtD) that was significantly higher in the kidneys of the rats with periodontitis (P <0.05). In addition, periodontitis-related histological damages and apoptotic activity were also significantly lower in the Ep-Mel group (P <0.05). However, the markers of renal function of the Ep group were detected slightly impaired in comparison with the control group (P >0.05); and the therapeutic activity of melatonin was limited (P >0.05). CONCLUSION Melatonin restricts the periodontitis-induced inflammatory stress, apoptosis, and structural but not functional impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oğuz Kose
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Sevda Kurt Bayrakdar
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Büsra Unver
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Altin
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Kerimali Akyildiz
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, School of Healh Care Services Vocational, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Tolga Mercantepe
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Semih Alperen Bostan
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Taner Arabaci
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Leyla Turker Sener
- Department of Biophysics School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Taha Emre Kose
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Levent Tumkaya
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Adnan Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Göker Kuluslu
- 3D Medical and Industrial Design Laboratory, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Li P, Bukhari SNA, Khan T, Chitti R, Bevoor DB, Hiremath AR, SreeHarsha N, Singh Y, Gubbiyappa KS. Apigenin-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticle Attenuates Diabetic Nephropathy Induced by Streptozotocin Nicotinamide Through Nrf2/HO-1/NF-kB Signalling Pathway. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:9115-9124. [PMID: 33244230 PMCID: PMC7683501 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s256494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Apigenin is known to have a broad-spectrum efficacy in oxidative stress and conditions due to inflammation, although weak absorption, fast metabolic rate and a fast elimination (systemic) limit the pharmacological efficacy of this drug. Hence, we propose the usage of highly bioavailable Apigenin-solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNPs) to recognize such limitations. The defensive function of Apigenin-SLNPs on renal damage induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in animals was studied. Materials and Methods We initially injected the rats with 35 mg kg−1 streptozocin intraperitoneally, and after 7 days, the rats were then injected 150 mg kg−1 of metformin intragastrically followed by a once-daily intragastric dose of Apigenin-SLNP (25 or 50 mg kg−1) for a continuous period of 30 days. We then measured the level of insulin and blood glucose, superoxide dismutase, catalase and malondialdehyde in the tissues of the kidney. We also observed messenger-RNA expression of Interleukin-1β, Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha in renal tissue through RT-PCR technique. Moreover, H&E staining and Western blotting observed the histopathological variations and protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase/Nuclear Factor-κB signaling pathway, respectively. Results An enhancement in the expressing of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1 and a suppression in the expression of Nuclear Factor-κB occurred due to Apigenin-SLNPs treatment, which was a result of the protective mechanism of Apigenin-SLNPs which is because of not only its anti-inflammatory function (by inhibition of release of inflammatory factors) but also their anti-oxidant activity (through reduction of lipid peroxidation production). Conclusion We found that a protective effect on diabetic nephropathy was shown due to Apigenin-SLNPs, in rats induced with streptozocin maybe through the pathway of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1/Nuclear Factor-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Li
- Department of Nephrology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450007, People's Republic of China
| | - Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahseen Khan
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India
| | - Renukaradhya Chitti
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Sri Adichaunagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, Adichunchanagiri, Mandya, India
| | - Davan B Bevoor
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, SCS College of Pharmacy, Harapanahalli, Karnataka, India
| | - Anand R Hiremath
- Department of Pharmacology, Bapuji College of Pharmacy, Davanagere, Karnataka, India
| | - Nagaraja SreeHarsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yogendra Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur, India
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Razzaque F, Sharif A, Akhtar B, Khan HM, Akhtar MF, Zaib M, Muhammad A, Sohail K, Hamid I, Qaisar N. Tylophora hirsuta (Wall.) Extracts Ameliorate Diabetes Associated with Inflammation in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:1031-1042. [PMID: 32955006 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200821154340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tylophora hirsuta (Wall) has long been used as traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes. The current study is designed to evaluate the anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activity of different extracts of aerial parts of Tylophora hirsuta. METHODS Sequential maceration was conducted to obtain extracts. Total phenolic contents were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteau method. The anti-oxidant activity was assessed by DPPH free radical scavenging assay. The extracts were tested for its inhibitory activity against α-amylase in-vitro. In-vivo anti-diabetic assay was conducted using alloxan-induced diabetic model and OGTT was conducted on normal rats. ELISA was used to determine the pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6). The polyphenolic composition of the extract was analyzed using an HPLC system. RESULTS Aqueous extract exhibited highest total phenolic contents (985.24± 3.82 mg GAE/100 g DW), antioxidant activity (IC50 = 786.70 ± 5.23 μg/mL), and alpha-amylase inhibition (IC50 =352.8 μg/mL). The aqueous extract of Tylophora hirsuta showed remarkable in-vivo anti-diabetic activity. Results were compared with standard drug glibenclamide. Alloxan induced diabetic mediated alterations in liver function enzymes, renal function determinants, and lipid parameters were significantly restored in aqueous extract treated diabetic rats. A significant reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines (p<0.001) was observed when compared to the control group. HPLC analysis confirms the presence of quercetin, gallic acid, cinnamic acid, and p-coumaric acid. CONCLUSION These results showed that Tylophora hirsuta possesses strong anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory potentials and justify its folklore use for the management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Razzaque
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Humaira M Khan
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad F Akhtar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ripah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Zaib
- Johar Institute of Professional Studies, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Kashif Sohail
- Akson College of Health Sciences, Mirpur, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Hamid
- Cadson College of Pharmacy, Kharian, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Qaisar
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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Zhang R, Lu M, Zhang S, Liu J. Renoprotective effects of Tilianin in diabetic rats through modulation of oxidative stress via Nrf2-Keap1 pathway and inflammation via TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106967. [PMID: 33182074 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to assess the protective effects of Tilianin (TN) on type-2 diabetes-induced renal dysfunction in experimental rats. Diabetes was induced by injecting Nicotinamide (110 mg/kg) and streptozotocin (55 mg/kg) by i.p. and then the rats were treated with TN (10 and 20 mg/kg) daily by oral gavage for 28 days. TN treatment significantly decreases the BUN, creatinine, 24-hour urinary protein, urea, uric acid, and albumin protein levels. The protein of expression of Nrf2, NQO1, and HO-1 was augmented while the expression of Keap-1 decreased significantly. TN also reduces the oxidative/nitrosative status by lowering MDA content, NO, and MPO levels. TN exerted anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling cascades and inhibiting MyD88, TRAF6, IκBα, p38MAPK, JNK, and ERK2 in the diabetic rats. Histopathological findings supported the biochemical and molecular results. The results showed that TN modulated Nrf2-Keap1 and TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways and provided significant protection against diabetes-induced renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan City 250013, China
| | - Min Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan City 250013, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan City 250013, China
| | - Jinyan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining 272000, China.
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Liu X, Liu H, Lu X, Tombran-Tink J, Zhao S. PEDF Attenuates Ocular Surface Damage in Diabetic Mice Model Through Its Antioxidant Properties. Curr Eye Res 2020; 46:302-308. [PMID: 32862727 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1805770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the antioxidative effect and mechanism of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) on the ocular surface damage in diabetic mice. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with streptozocin to generate diabetic models and then 50 nM PEDF or artificial tears were used to treat the diabetic mice. Treatment was given three times a day for eight weeks. Corneal epithelial damage, corneal sensitivity, and tear volume were quantified by fluorescein staining, esthesiometer, and phenol red cotton thread, respectively. Animals were sacrificed at 16 weeks after diabetes and the whole globe specimens were subjected to histochemical staining. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was detected by 2',7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein probe. The levels of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) were examined by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting. RESULTS Topical application of PEDF improved corneal epithelial damage, increased corneal sensitivity, and tear volume in diabetic mice. ROS levels in the cornea were significantly higher in the diabetic mice than in the normal mice. Moreover, PEDF attenuated the accumulation of ROS, decreased the expression of RAGE, and elevated SOD1 expression in the cornea. CONCLUSIONS Topical application of PEDF can alleviate diabetes-related ocular surface damage and increase tear volume, along with the improvement of oxidative stress status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Liu
- College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Lu
- College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
| | - Joyce Tombran-Tink
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences and Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine , Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Shaozhen Zhao
- College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
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Sun H, Ke C, Zhang L, Tian C, Zhang Z, Wu S. Long Non-Coding RNA (LncRNA)-ATB Promotes Inflammation, Cell Apoptosis and Senescence in Transforming Growth Factor-β1 (TGF-β1) Induced Human Kidney 2 (HK-2) Cells via TGFβ/SMAD2/3 Signaling Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e922029. [PMID: 32447340 PMCID: PMC7265746 DOI: 10.12659/msm.922029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Renal fibrosis occurs in the end-stage of all chronic kidney disease. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a central contributor in fibrosis. Identifying effective biomarkers that targets TGF-β1 is necessary for the development of therapeutic agents for kidney disease. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanism of long non-coding RNA (LncRNA)-ATB in TGF-β1 induced human kidney 2 (HK-2) cells. Material/Methods We investigated the effects of either overexpression or knockdown of LncRNA-ATB on inflammation, cell apoptosis, and senescence in TGF-β1 induced HK-2 cells. TGF-β1 induced HK-2 cells served as the cell model. The gene level was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and protein expressions by western blot. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was performed for assessment of cell viability. Flow cytometry was applied for detection of cell apoptosis. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 were measured by corresponding kits. Results LncRNA-ATB was highly expressed in TGF-β1 induced HK-2 cells. Inflammation, cell apoptosis, and senescence were enhanced by TGF-β1 and these effects were all reduced by knockdown of LncRNA-ATB. Whereas overexpression of LncRNA-ATB had the opposite effects with knockdown of LncRNA-ATB. The TGFβ/SMAD2/3 signaling pathway was activated by TGF-β1 and this effect was further enhanced by LncRNA-ATB overexpression. Silencing LncRNA-ATB inhibited the TGFβ/SMAD2/3 signaling pathway in TGF-β1 induced cells. The effects of LncRNA-ATB overexpression aforementioned in TGF-β1 induced cells were abolished by blockage of the TGFβ/S0MAD2/3 signaling pathway. Conclusions LncRNA-ATB overexpression have promoting effects on inflammation, cell apoptosis and senescence in TGF-β1 induced HK-2 cells via activating the TGFβ/SMAD2/3 signaling pathway. LncRNA-ATB act as a key downstream mediator via activating the TGFβ/SMAD2/3 signaling pathway and silencing LncRNA-ATB might be a new strategy for chronic kidney disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland).,Department of General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Cong Ke
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Changjun Tian
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Shuhua Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland).,Department of General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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Paula VG, Cruz LL, Sene LB, Gratão TB, Soares TS, Moraes-Souza RQ, Damasceno DC, Volpato GT. Maternal-fetal repercussions of Phyllanthus niruri L. treatment during rat pregnancy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 254:112728. [PMID: 32145330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Phyllanthus niruri is a well-known plant for its therapeutic purposes to treat various diseases, being widely used by the population, mainly by women. However, there is no scientific confirmation of the effects of use during pregnancy. AIM OF THE STUDY Evaluating the effect of Phyllanthus niruri aqueous extract on the maternal toxicity, reproductive outcomes and fetal anomaly incidence in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pregnant rats were distributed into four experimental groups: Control = treated with water (vehicle); Treated 150 = treated with P. niruri at dose 150 mg/kg and; Treated 300 = treated with P. niruri at dose 300 mg/kg; and Treated 600 = treated with P. niruri at dose 600 mg/kg. The rats were treated by intragastric route (gavage) with P. niruri or vehicle (water) from gestational day 0 to 21. At day 21 of pregnancy, maternal reproductive outcomes, biochemical profile and maternal renal tissue were evaluated. The fetuses and placentas were collected and analyzed. RESULTS Treatment with P. niruri did not alter the reproductive performance outcomes of rats. However, treated 600 group presented with changes in maternal kidney weight and morphology. The plant did not present teratogenic effect, but caused fetal macrosomia and increased ossification sites. CONCLUSION Treatment with aqueous extract of P. niruri administered during gestation did not cause reproductive toxicity, but led to changes in maternal kidneys and in offspring weight, showing that the leaf extract of this plant can produce detrimental effects during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verônyca Gonçalves Paula
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Univ Estadual Paulista_Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Larissa Lopes Cruz
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Univ Estadual Paulista_Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Letícia Barros Sene
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Univ Estadual Paulista_Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Thamires Ballarini Gratão
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
| | - Thaigra Sousa Soares
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Univ Estadual Paulista_Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Rafaianne Queiroz Moraes-Souza
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Univ Estadual Paulista_Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Débora Cristina Damasceno
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Univ Estadual Paulista_Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Tadeu Volpato
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Univ Estadual Paulista_Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil.
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Lwin OM, Giribabu N, Kilari EK, Salleh N. Topical administration of mangiferin promotes healing of the wound of streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced type-2 diabetic male rats. J DERMATOL TREAT 2020; 32:1039-1048. [PMID: 32013660 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2020.1721419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: This study identifies the potential use of mangiferin gel to promote wound healing in diabetes mellitus (DM).Materials and methods: Male rats were rendered diabetes mellitus via intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and nicotinamide. Following diabetes development, wound was created at the back of the neck. 1% and 2% mangiferin gel and 1% silver sulphurdiazine (SS) gel (positive control) were applied to the wound for twenty-one (21) days. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were weekly monitored. At the end of the treatment, rats were sacrificed and wound was excised and subjected for histopathological and molecular biological analysis.Results: No changes to serum FBG levels was noted throughout the period of mangiferin treatment. Albeit, a significant decrease in the size of the wound with increased in the skin thickness of surrounding the wound were observed. Increased expression and distribution of EGF, FGF, TGF-β, VEGF, PI3K, MMP and Nrf2 and decreased expression and distribution of TNFα and NF-κB p65 were observed in diabetic wound treated with topical mangiferin.Conclusions: Mangiferin has potential to be used as an agent to promote wound healing in diabetic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohn Mar Lwin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nelli Giribabu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Eswar Kumar Kilari
- Pharmacology Division, A.U. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Naguib Salleh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Wan Omar WFN, Giribabu N, Karim K, Salleh N. Marantodes pumilum (Blume) Kuntze (Kacip Fatimah) stimulates uterine contraction in rats in post-partum period. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 245:112175. [PMID: 31442621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Marantodes pumilum (Blume) Kuntze has traditionally been used to firm the uterus after delivery, however scientific evidences behind this claim is still lacking. AIMS OF STUDY To demonstrate Marantodes pumilum leaves aqueous extract (MPE) has an effect on uterine contraction after delivery and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved. METHODS Day-1 post-delivery female rats were given MPE (100, 250 and 500 mg/kg/day) orally for seven consecutive days. A day after the last treatment (day-8), rats were sacrificed and uteri were harvested and subjected for ex-vivo contraction study using organ bath followed by protein expression and distribution study by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry techniques, respectively. The proteins of interest include calmodulin-CaM, myosin light chain kinase-MLCK, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA), G-protein α and β (Gα and Gβ), inositol-triphosphate 3-kinase (IP3K), oxytocin receptor-OTR, prostaglandin (PGF)2α receptor-PGFR, muscarinic receptor-MAChR and estrogen receptor (ER) isoforms α and β. Levels of estradiol and progesterone in serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). RESULTS Ex-vivo contraction study revealed the force of uterine contraction increased with increasing doses of MPE. In addition, expression of CaM, MLCK, SERCA, Gα, Gβ, IP3K, OTR, PGF2α, MAChR, Erα and ERβ in the uterus increased with increasing doses of MPE. Serum analysis indicate that estradiol levels decreased while progesterone levels remained low at day-8 post-partum in rats receiving 250 and 500 mg/kg/day MPE. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the claims that MPE help to firm the uterus and pave the way for its use as a uterotonic agent after delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Fatein Nabeila Wan Omar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nelli Giribabu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kamarulzaman Karim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Naguib Salleh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Protective effects of Croton hookeri on streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 135:110873. [PMID: 31600566 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the protective effects of Croton hookeri (CH) extract on renal injury were investigated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by a single injection of STZ (45 mg/kg) to Sprague-Dawley rats. After 5 days, CH extract (200 mg/kg) was administered daily by oral gavage for 2 weeks. Administration of CH extracts significantly reduced blood glucose levels in STZ-induced diabetic rats. STZ-induced changes in total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, ALT, AST, BUN, and serum creatinine levels were significantly restored by treatment with CH extract. Abnormal levels of SOD, catalase, glutathione, and oxidized GSH (GSSG) in STZ-treated rats were also significantly recovered by CH extract treatment. CH extract markedly reduced the expression of collagen-1, fibronectin, and α-SMA in the kidney of STZ-induced diabetic rats. In particular, oxidative DNA damages, MDA, TGF-β, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were significantly reduced in STZ-treated rats following treatment with CH extract, whereas IL-10 showed opposite trend. STZ-induced SIRT1, SIRT3 downregulation and cloudin-1 upregulation in the kidney were dramatically recovered by CH extract treatment. Our data suggest that CH extract protects against diabetic-induced nephropathy by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation. Therefore, it has potential as a food supplement to alleviate renal dysfunction caused by diabetes-induced nephropathy.
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Salehi B, Ata A, V. Anil Kumar N, Sharopov F, Ramírez-Alarcón K, Ruiz-Ortega A, Abdulmajid Ayatollahi S, Valere Tsouh Fokou P, Kobarfard F, Amiruddin Zakaria Z, Iriti M, Taheri Y, Martorell M, Sureda A, N. Setzer W, Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Santini A, Capasso R, Adrian Ostrander E, -ur-Rahman A, Iqbal Choudhary M, C. Cho W, Sharifi-Rad J. Antidiabetic Potential of Medicinal Plants and Their Active Components. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E551. [PMID: 31575072 PMCID: PMC6843349 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the major health problems in the world, the incidence and associated mortality are increasing. Inadequate regulation of the blood sugar imposes serious consequences for health. Conventional antidiabetic drugs are effective, however, also with unavoidable side effects. On the other hand, medicinal plants may act as an alternative source of antidiabetic agents. Examples of medicinal plants with antidiabetic potential are described, with focuses on preclinical and clinical studies. The beneficial potential of each plant matrix is given by the combined and concerted action of their profile of biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam 44340847, Iran;
| | - Athar Ata
- Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental Science Complex, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2G3, Canada;
| | - Nanjangud V. Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India;
| | - Farukh Sharopov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Rudaki 139, Dushanbe 734003, Tajikistan;
| | - Karina Ramírez-Alarcón
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepción 4070386, Chile;
| | - Ana Ruiz-Ortega
- Facultad de Educación y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Andrés Bello, Autopista Concepción—Talcahuano, Concepción 7100, Chile;
| | - Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1991953381, Iran; (S.A.A.); (F.K.); (Y.T.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11369, Iran
| | - Patrick Valere Tsouh Fokou
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde P.O. Box 812, Cameroon;
| | - Farzad Kobarfard
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1991953381, Iran; (S.A.A.); (F.K.); (Y.T.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11369, Iran
| | - Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam Selangor 42300, Malaysia
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Yasaman Taheri
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1991953381, Iran; (S.A.A.); (F.K.); (Y.T.)
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepción 4070386, Chile;
- Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Laboratory of Physical Activity Sciences, and CIBEROBN—Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, CB12/03/30038, University of Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
| | - William N. Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA;
| | - Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA—Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA—Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Elise Adrian Ostrander
- Medical Illustration, Kendall College of Art and Design, Ferris State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA;
| | - Atta -ur-Rahman
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (A.-u.-R.); (M.I.C.)
| | - Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (A.-u.-R.); (M.I.C.)
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft 7861756447, Iran
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Shi X, Fu L. Piceatannol inhibits oxidative stress through modification of Nrf2-signaling pathway in testes and attenuates spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in rats exposed to cadmium during adulthood. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:2811-2824. [PMID: 31496657 PMCID: PMC6698161 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s198444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Cadmium (Cd) is considered a heavy metal and potential pollutant to the environment. Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective potential of piceatannol (PT; 10 mg/kg body weight/day) against cadmium (Cd; 5 mg/kg body weight/day)-induced testicular dysfunction in Wistar rats. Materials and methods Rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, PT, Cd, and Cd + PT. Results Treatment with Cd resulted in a significant decrease in body, testicular, and epididymal weights, sperm quantity and quality, steroidogenic marker–enzyme activities, mRNA- and protein-expression levels of SF1, StAR, and P450 side chain–cleaving enzyme, and serum male sex hormonal levels when compared to controls. Testicular malondialdehyde levels were significantly increased, with a significant reduction in enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants in Cd-treated rats compared to control rats. Testicular histomorphometric results supported the biochemical and molecular alterations observed in the study. In addition, significant downregulation in mRNA- and protein-expression levels of cytosolic Nrf2, HO1, γGCS, GPx, and NQO1, as well as significant upregulation in mRNA- and protein-expression levels of Nrf2 and Keap1 in testicular tissue, were noticed in rats administered Cd. PT treatment inCd-treated rats caused marked alleviation in body and organ weights, sperm analysis, steroidogenesis, serum hormonal levels, histomorphometric changes, and oxidative and antioxidative status in testes when compared to Cd alone–treated rats. Further, treatment of rats with PTl showed a marked improvement in mRNA- and protein-expression levels of Nrf2 and its regulated genes and proteins. Conclusion The present study provides compelling evidence that PT treatment results in significant protection against Cd-induced testicular dysfunctions, such as spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis, and oxidative stress in rats, possibly through modification of the Nrf2–Keap1 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Shi
- Department of Urology Surgery, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijie Fu
- Department of Urological Surgery 2, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, People's Republic of China
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Wang D, Jiang X, Teng S, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Li X, Li Y. The Antidiabetic and Antinephritic Activities of Auricularia cornea (An Albino Mutant Strain) via Modulation of Oxidative Stress in the db/db Mice. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1039. [PMID: 31134090 PMCID: PMC6517500 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study first systematically analyzed the constituents of an albino mutant strain of Auricularia cornea (AU). After 8 weeks of continuous treatment with metformin (Met) (0.1 g/kg) and AU (0.1 and 0.4 g/kg), db/db mice showed hypoglycemic functioning, indicated by reduced bodyweight, food intake, plasma glucose, serum levels of glycated hemoglobin A1c and glucagon, hepatic levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and lucose-6-phosphatasem, and increased serum levels of insulin. The effect of hypolipidemic functions were indicated by suppressed levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride, and enhanced levels of hepatic glycogen and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The renal protective effect of AU was confirmed by the protection in renal structures and the regulation of potential indicators of nephropathy. The anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of AU were verified by a cytokine array combined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AU decreased the expression of protein kinase C α and β2 and phosphor-nuclear factor-κB, and enhanced the expression of catalase, nuclear respiratory factor 2 (Nrf2), manganese superoxide dismutase 2, heme oxygenase-1 and−2, heat shock protein 27 (HSP27), HSP60, and HSP70 in the kidneys of db/db mice. The results confirmed that AU's anti-diabetic and anti-nephritic effects are related to its modulation on oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shanshan Teng
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yaqin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Li
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Wen W, Lin Y, Ti Z. Antidiabetic, Antihyperlipidemic, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory Activities of Ethanolic Seed Extract of Annona reticulata L. in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:716. [PMID: 31708869 PMCID: PMC6819323 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Annona reticulata L. (Bullock's heart) is a pantropic tree commonly known as custard apple, which is used therapeutically for a variety of maladies. The present research was carried out to evaluate the possible protective effects of Annona reticulata L. (A. reticulata) ethanolic seed extract on an experimentally induced type 2 diabetes rat model. Male Albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups with six animals in each group viz., control rats in group I, diabetic rats in group II, diabetic rats with 50 and 100 mg/kg/bw of ethanolic seed extract of A. reticulata in groups III and IV, respectively, and diabetic rats with metformin in group V. Treatment was given for 42 consecutive days through oral route by oro-gastric gavage. Administration of A. reticulata seed extract to diabetes rats significantly restored the alterations in the levels of body weight, food and water intake, fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin levels, insulin sensitivity, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, islet area and insulin positive cells. Furthermore, A. reticulata significantly decreased the levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL, and significantly increased the HDL in diabetic rats. A. reticulata effectively ameliorated the enzymatic (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT) and modification of histopathological changes in diabetic rats. The serum levels of the BUN, creatinine levels, uric acid, urine volume, and urinary protein were significantly declined with a significant elevation in CCr in diabetic rats treated with A. reticulata. MDA and NO levels were significantly reduced with an enhancement in SOD, CAT, and GPx antioxidant enzyme activities in the kidney, liver, and pancreas of diabetic rats treated with A. reticulata. Diabetic rats treated with A. reticulata have shown up-regulation in mRNA expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and protein expression level of Nrf2 with diminution in Keap1 mRNA expression level in pancreas, kidney, and liver. From the outcome of the current results, it can be inferred that seed extract of A. reticulata exhibits a protective effect in diabetic rats through its anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and could be considered as a promising treatment therapy in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Wen
- Department of Nephrology, Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Yukiat Lin
- Innoscience Research Sdn Bhd, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Zhenyu Ti
- The Department of General Surgery, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, Xi'an, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenyu Ti
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Jiang W, Wang R, Liu D, Zuo M, Zhao C, Zhang T, Li W. Protective Effects of Kaempferitrin on Advanced Glycation End Products Induce Mesangial Cell Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3334. [PMID: 30373106 PMCID: PMC6274833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) both play important roles in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Previous studies have identified glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) injury as a key early risk factor in the development of DN. Kaempferitrin (KM) is a potent antioxidant with hypoglycemic action. Although KM is known to protect against AGE-induced damage in GMCs, the effects and the mechanisms by which they occur are poorly understood. In this study, cultured rat GMCs were exposed to AGE-induced oxidative stress (OS) to model DN in vitro. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was analyzed by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were studied using commercial kits. Mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) was measured by rhodamine 123. Hoechst 33258 and annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) double staining were performed to observe the apoptosis states in GMCs, whereas apoptosis and protective mechanism in AGE-induced GMCs were investigated by Western blot. The data revealed that KM effectively increased SOD activity, decreased MDA levels, suppressed ROS generation, and protected against OS in AGE-induced GMCs. Treatment with KM also inhibited the expression of collagen IV and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), improved mitochondrial membrane potential recovery, and suppressed the mitochondrial/cytochrome c-mediated apoptosis pathway through the expression of anti-apoptotic factors in GMCs in vitro. These findings suggest that KM may be a new potential agent in the treatment of DN in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxian Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Rongshen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Di Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Min Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Chunzhen Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Tianliang Zhang
- Experimental Center for Medical Research, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Wanzhong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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Giribabu N, Karim K, Salleh N. Effects of Marantodes pumilum (Kacip Fatimah) on vaginal pH and expression of vacoular ATPase and carbonic anhydrase in the vagina of sex-steroid deficient female rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 49:95-105. [PMID: 30217266 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In sex-steroid deficiency, increased in the pH of vaginal fluid is due to low estrogen levels. HYPOTHESIS Consumption of Marantodes pumilum leaves helps to ameliorate increased in vaginal fluid pH in sex-steroid deficient condition. PURPOSE To investigate changes in vaginal fluid pH and expression of proteins that participate in pH changes i.e vacoular (V)-ATPases and carbonic anhydrases (CA) in the vagina following M. pumilum leaves consumption. METHODS Ovariectomized adult female rats were treated orally with M. pumilum leaves extract (MPE) at 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg.b.w and estradiol at 0.2 µg/kg/b.w for 28 days. At the end of the treatment, vaginal fluid pH was measured in anesthetised rats by using micropH probe. Following sacrificed, levels of V-ATPase and CA proteins and mRNAs in the vagina were identified by Western blotting and real-time PCR, respectively. Protein distribution was visualized by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Administration of MPE causes the pH of vaginal fluid to decrease and expression and distribution of vaginal V-ATPase A & B and CA II, III, IX, XII and XIII to increase. CONCLUSIONS The decrease in vaginal fluid pH following MPE treatment suggested that this herb has potential to be used to ameliorate vaginal fluid pH changes in sex-steroid deficient condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelli Giribabu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Kamarulzaman Karim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Naguib Salleh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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Khadijah Ramli NS, Giribabu N, Muniandy S, Salleh N. Testosterone up-regulates vacuolar ATPase expression and functional activities in vas deferens of orchidectomized rats. Theriogenology 2017; 108:354-361. [PMID: 29294437 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Precise regulation of vas deferens fluid pH is essential for sperm. However, the mechanisms underlying effect of testosterone on vas deferens fluid pH have never been identified, which could involve changes in expression and functional activity of vacoular (V)-ATPase. METHODS Orchidectomized, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated subcutaneously with 125 μg/kg/day and 250 μg/kg/day testosterone with or without flutamide (androgen receptor blocker) and finasteride (5α-reductase inhibitor) for seven (7) days. Following treatment completion, in vivo perfusion of vas deferens lumen was performed and changes in fluid secretion rate, pH and HCO3- content were measured with and without bafilomycin, a V-ATPase inhibitor. Rats were then sacrificed and vas deferens were harvested and subjected for V-ATPase A1 and B1/2 protein expression and distribution analysis by western blotting and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS In sham-operated and testosterone-treated orchidectomized rats, higher fluid secretion rate, which was not antagonized by bafilomycin but lower HCO3- content and pH which were antagonized by bafilomycin were observed when compared to orchidectomized-only and orchidectomized, testosterone-treated rats receiving flutamide or finasteride, respectively. Bafilomycin had no effect on fluid secretion rate, HCO3- content and pH in orchidectomized and testosterone-treated orchidectomized rats receiving flutamide and finasteride. V-ATPase A1 and B1/2 proteins were expressed at high levels in vas deferens and were highly distributed at the apical membrane of luminal epithelium and in muscle layer of this organ, mainly in sham and testosterone-treated orchidectomized rats. CONCLUSIONS V-ATPase is involved in acidification of vas deferens fluid under testosterone influence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nelli Giribabu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sekaran Muniandy
- Department of Biochemistry, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, 42610, Jenjarum, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Naguib Salleh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Adam SH, Giribabu N, Bakar NMA, Salleh N. Marantodes pumilum (Kacip fatimah) enhances in-vitro glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells and reduces pancreatic complications in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced male diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:716-726. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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