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Cheung S, Zhong Y, Wu L, Jia X, He MQ, Ai Y, Jiao Q, Liang Q. Mechanism interpretation of Guhan Yangshengjing for protection against Alzheimer's disease by network pharmacology and molecular docking. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 328:117976. [PMID: 38492794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Guhan Yangshengjing (GHYSJ) is an effective prescription for delaying progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on the ancient Chinese medical classics excavated from Mawangdui Han Tomb. Comprising a combination of eleven traditional Chinese herbs, the precise protective mechanism through which GHYSJ acts on AD progression remains unclear and has significant implications for the development of new drugs to treat AD. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the mechanism of GHYSJ in the treatment of AD through network pharmacology and validate the results through in vitro experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemical composition-target-pathway network and protein-protein interaction network were constructed by network pharmacology to predict the potential targets of GHYSJ for the treatment of AD. The interaction relationship between active ingredients and targets was verified by molecular docking and molecular force. Furthermore, the chemical constituents of GHYSJ were analyzed by LC-MS and HPLC, the effects of GHYSJ on animal tissues were analyzed by H&E staining. An Aβ-induced SH-SY5Y cellular model was established to validate the core pathways and targets predicted by network pharmacology and molecular docking. RESULTS The results of the network pharmacology analysis revealed a total of 155 bioactive compounds capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier and interacting with 677 targets, among which 293 targets specifically associated with AD, which mainly participated in and regulated the amyloid aggregation pathway and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, thereby treating AD. In addition, molecular docking analysis revealed a robust binding affinity between the principal bioactive constituents of GHYSJ and crucial targets implicated in AD. Our findings were further substantiated by in vitro experiments, which demonstrated that Liquiritigenin and Ginsenosides Rh4, crucial constituents of GHYSJ, as well as GHYSJ pharmaceutic serum, exhibited a significant down-regulation of BACE1 expression in Aβ-induced damaged SH-SY5Y cells. This study provides valuable data and theoretical underpinning for the potential therapeutic application of GHYSJ in the treatment of AD and secondary development of GHYSJ prescription. CONCLUSION Through network pharmacology, molecular docking, LC-MS, and cellular experiments, GHYSJ was initially confirmed to delay the progression of AD by regulating the expression of BACE1 in Amyloid aggregation pathway. Our observations provided valuable data and theoretical underpinning for the potential therapeutic application of GHYSJ in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suet Cheung
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, SATCM Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine-X, Chinese Medicine Modernization Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | | | - Lei Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, SATCM Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine-X, Chinese Medicine Modernization Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaomeng Jia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, SATCM Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine-X, Chinese Medicine Modernization Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Meng-Qi He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, SATCM Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine-X, Chinese Medicine Modernization Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yongjian Ai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, SATCM Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine-X, Chinese Medicine Modernization Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | | | - Qionglin Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, SATCM Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine-X, Chinese Medicine Modernization Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Dao TNP, Onikanni SA, Fadaka AO, Klein A, Tran VD, Le MH, Wang CH, Chang HH. In silico identification of compounds from Piper sarmentosum Roxb leaf fractionated extract inhibit interleukin-6 to prevent rheumatoid arthritis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1358037. [PMID: 38576490 PMCID: PMC10991700 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1358037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Medicinal herbs with a phytonutrient background has been applied globally as major alternatives to ameliorate the continuous increase in rheumatoid arthritis cases worldwide. We herein aimed to critically examine the bioactive components of the medicinal herb Piper sarmentosum Roxb leaf fractionated extract for its potential to inhibit the influx of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: The Schrödinger platform was employed as the main computational acumen for the screening of bioactive compounds identified and reference compounds subjected to molecular simulation (MDS) for analyzing the stability of docked complexes to assess fluctuations and conformational changes during protein-ligand interactions. Results: The values of the simulatory properties and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed the good stability of these phytochemicals in the active pocket of interleukin-6 (IL-6). Discussion: Our findings reveal new strategies in which these phytochemicals are potential inhibitory agents that can be modified and further evaluated to develop more effective agents for the management of rheumatoid arthritis, thereby providing a better understanding and useful model for the reproduction and/or discovery of new drugs for the management of rheumatoid arthritis and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Nhat Phong Dao
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Sunday Amos Onikanni
- College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Afe-Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | | | - Ashwil Klein
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Van De Tran
- Department of Health Organization and Management, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Minh Hoang Le
- Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Chih-Hao Wang
- College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Cell Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hen-Hong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Long-Term Ingestion of Sicilian Black Bee Chestnut Honey and/or D-Limonene Counteracts Brain Damage Induced by High Fat-Diet in Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043467. [PMID: 36834882 PMCID: PMC9966634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is linked to neurodegeneration, which is mainly caused by inflammation and oxidative stress. We analyzed whether the long-term intake of honey and/or D-limonene, which are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, when ingested separately or in combination, can counteract the neurodegeneration occurring in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. After 10 weeks of HFD, mice were divided into: HFD-, HFD + honey (HFD-H)-, HFD + D-limonene (HFD-L)-, HFD + honey + D-limonene (HFD-H + L)-fed groups, for another 10 weeks. Another group was fed a standard diet (STD). We analyzed the brain neurodegeneration, inflammation, oxidative stress, and gene expression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) markers. The HFD animals showed higher neuronal apoptosis, upregulation of pro-apoptotic genes Fas-L, Bim P27 and downregulation of anti-apoptotic factors BDNF and BCL2; increased gene expression of the pro-inflammatory IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and elevated oxidative stress markers COX-2, iNOS, ROS and nitrite. The honey and D-limonene intake counteracted these alterations; however, they did so in a stronger manner when in combination. Genes involved in amyloid plaque processing (APP and TAU), synaptic function (Ache) and AD-related hyperphosphorylation were higher in HFD brains, and significantly downregulated in HFD-H, HFD-L and HFD-H + L. These results suggest that honey and limonene ingestion counteract obesity-related neurodegeneration and that joint consumption is more efficacious than a single administration.
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Characterization and Bioactive Potential of Secondary Metabolites Isolated from Piper sarmentosum Roxb. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021328. [PMID: 36674844 PMCID: PMC9862425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Piper sarmentosum Roxb. (Piperaceae) is a traditional medicinal plant in South-East Asian countries. The chemical investigation of leaves from this species resulted in the isolation of three previously not described compounds, namely 4″-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaroyl)-2″-β-D-glucopyranosyl vitexin (1), kadukoside (2), and 6-O-trans-p-coumaroyl-D-glucono-1,4-lactone (3), together with 31 known compounds. Of these known compounds, 21 compounds were isolated for the first time from P. sarmentosum. The structures were established by 1D and 2D NMR techniques and HR-ESI-MS analyses. The compounds were evaluated for their anthelmintic (Caenorhabditis elegans), antifungal (Botrytis cinerea, Septoria tritici and Phytophthora infestans), antibacterial (Aliivibrio fischeri) and cytotoxic (PC-3 and HT-29 human cancer cells lines) activities. Methyl-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propionate (8), isoasarone (12), and trans-asarone (15) demonstrated anthelmintic activity with IC50 values between 0.9 and 2.04 mM. Kadukoside (2) was most active against S. tritici with IC50 at 5.0 µM and also induced 94% inhibition of P. infestans growth at 125 µM. Trans-asarone (15), piperolactam A (23), and dehydroformouregine (24) displayed a dose-dependent effect against B. cinerea from 1.5 to 125 µM up to more than 80% inhibition. Paprazine (19), cepharadione A (21) and piperolactam A (23) inhibited bacterial growth by more than 85% at 100 µM. Only mild cytotoxic effects were observed.
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Antineuroinflammatory Effect of Amburana cearensis and Its Molecules Coumarin and Amburoside A by Inhibiting the MAPK Signaling Pathway in LPS-Activated BV-2 Microglial Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6304087. [PMID: 35528510 PMCID: PMC9072078 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6304087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Microglia plays an important role in the neuroinflammatory response, identified as one of the major factors in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Amburana cearensis and its bioactive compounds, including coumarin (CM), vanillic acid (VA), and amburoside A (AMB), exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities, on 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity in rat mesencephalic cells determined by our group. The present study investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of the dry extract from A. cearensis (DEAC), CM, AMB, and VA on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated microglial cells and elucidated the possible molecular mechanism of action. The DEAC was characterized by HPLC-PDA (chemical markers: CM, AMB, and VA). The BV-2 microglial cell line was pretreated with increasing concentrations of DEAC, CM, AMB, or VA in the presence or absence of LPS to evaluate the toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity. The cytotoxicity of DEAC, CM, AMB, or VA on BV-2 cells was evaluated by the MTT test, the free radical scavenging activity of test drugs was investigated, and the nitric oxide (NO) production was determined using the Griess reagent, while cytokine levels were measured by ELISA. The expressions of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), MAPK members (JNK and ERK1/2), and iNOS were determined through Western blot analysis. DEAC, CM, AMB, or VA (5-100 μg/mL) did not induce any detectable cytotoxicity in BV-2 cells. All test drugs (100 μg/mL) showed free radical scavenging activity (hydroxyl and superoxide radicals); however, only DEAC, CM, and AMB (5-100 μg/mL) significantly reduced NO production. DEAC (100 μg/mL), as well as CM (50 and 100 μg/mL) and AMB (25 μg/mL), reduced at least 50% of NO produced and markedly decrease the production of TNF-α and IL-6 but they did not significantly affect IL-10 levels. Only DEAC (100 μg/mL) and AMB (25 μg/mL) reduced the expression of iNOS, and they did not affect arginase activity. DEAC (100 μg/mL) suppressed the activation of the MAPKs JNK and ERK1/2 in LPS-activated BV-2 cells but it did not suppress the expression of TLR-4 nor the phosphorylation of NF-κB. In conclusion, DEAC, CM, and AMB exerted anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-activated microglial cells as observed by the reduction in the production of inflammatory mediators and the expression of iNOS. We identified the MAPK signaling pathway as a probable mechanism of action to the anti-inflammatory effects observed.
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Onaolapo OJ, Olofinnade AT, Ojo FO, Onaolapo AY. Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease; Can Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods Come to the Rescue? Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2022; 21:75-89. [PMID: 36043770 DOI: 10.2174/1871523021666220815151559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent form of age-related dementia, is typified by progressive memory loss and spatial awareness with personality changes. The increasing socioeconomic burden associated with AD has made it a focus of extensive research. Ample scientific evidence supports the role of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in AD pathophysiology, and there is increasing research into the possible role of anti-inflammatory and antioxidative agents as disease modifying therapies. While, the result of numerous preclinical studies has demonstrated the benefits of anti-inflammatory agents, these benefits however have not been replicated in clinical trials, necessitating a further search for more promising anti-inflammatory agents. Current understanding highlights the role of diet in the development of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, as well as the importance of dietary interventions and lifestyle modifications in mitigating them. The current narrative review examines scientific literature for evidence of the roles (if any) of dietary components, nutraceuticals and functional foods in the prevention or management of AD. It also examines how diet/ dietary components could modulate oxidative stress/inflammatory mediators and pathways that are crucial to the pathogenesis and/or progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olakunle J Onaolapo
- Department of Pharmacology, Behavioural Neuroscience Unit, Neuropharmacology Subdivision, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Anthony T Olofinnade
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Folusho O Ojo
- Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Adejoke Y Onaolapo
- Department of Anatomy, Behavioural Neuroscience Unit, Neurobiology Subdivision, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
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Linagliptin Protects Human SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells against Amyloid-β Cytotoxicity via the Activation of Wnt1 and Suppression of IL-6 Release. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2021; 25:343-8. [PMID: 34425652 PMCID: PMC8487681 DOI: 10.52547/ibj.25.5.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease is one of the neurodegenerative disorders typified by the aggregate of amyloid-β (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau protein. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, because of Aβ peptides, are strongly involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Linagliptin shows neuroprotective properties against AD pathological processes through alleviation of neural inflammation and AMPK activation. Methods We assessed the benefits of linagliptin pretreatment (at 10, 20, and 50 nM concentrations), against Aβ1-42 toxicity (20 μM) in SH-SY5Y cells. The concentrations of secreted cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and signaling proteins, including pCREB, Wnt1, and PKCε, were quantified by ELISA. Results We observed that Aβ led to cellular inflammation, which was assessed by measuring inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6). Moreover, Aβ1-42 treatment impaired pCREB, PKCε, and Wnt1 signaling in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Addition of Linagliptin significantly reduced IL-6 levels in the lysates of cells, treated with Aβ1-42. Furthermore, linagliptin prevented the downregulation of Wnt1 in Aβ1-42-treated cells exposed. Conclusion The current findings reveal that linagliptin alleviates Aβ1-42-induced inflammation in SH-SY5Y cells, probably through the suppression of IL-6 release, and some of its benefits are mediated through the activation of the Wnt1 signaling pathway.
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Md Salleh MFRR, Aminuddin A, Hamid AA, Salamt N, Japar Sidik FZ, Ugusman A. Piper sarmentosum Roxb. Attenuates Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Nicotine-Induced Rats. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:667102. [PMID: 34194328 PMCID: PMC8236855 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.667102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to cigarette smoke is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Nicotine is an addictive compound in cigarette smoke that triggers oxidative stress, which leads to vascular dysfunction. Piper sarmentosum Roxb. is a herb with antioxidant and vascular protective effects. This study evaluated the potential protective effect of the aqueous extract of P. sarmentosum leaf (AEPS) on vascular dysfunction in rats induced with prolonged nicotine administration. A total of 22 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control (normal saline, oral gavage [p.o.]), nicotine (0.8 mg/kg/day nicotine, intraperitoneally [i.p.]), and nicotine + AEPS groups (250 mg/kg/day AEPS, p.o. + 0.8 mg/kg/day nicotine, i.p.). Treatment was given for 21 days. Thoracic aortae were harvested from the rats for the measurement of vasorelaxation, vascular nitric oxide (NO) level, and antioxidant level and the assessment of vascular remodeling. Rats treated with AEPS had improved vasorelaxation to endothelium-dependent vasodilator, acetylcholine (ACh), compared with the nicotine-induced rats (p < 0.05). The presence of endothelium increased the maximum relaxation of aortic rings in response to ACh. Compared with the nicotine group, AEPS enhanced vascular NO level (p < 0.001) and increased antioxidant levels as measured by superoxide dismutase activity (p < 0.05), catalase activity (p < 0.01), and reduced glutathione level (p < 0.05). No remarkable changes in aortic histomorphometry were detected. In conclusion, P. sarmentosum attenuates vascular endothelial dysfunction in nicotine-induced rats by improving vasorelaxation and enhancing vascular NO and antioxidant levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amilia Aminuddin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Adila A Hamid
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Norizam Salamt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
| | | | - Azizah Ugusman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
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Varshney H, Siddique YH. Role of natural plant products against Alzheimer's disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 20:904-941. [PMID: 33881973 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210420135437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the major neurodegenerative disorder. Deposition of amyloid fibrils and tau protein are associated with various pathological symptoms. Currently limited medication is available for AD treatment. Most of the drugs are basically cholinesterase inhibitors and associated with various side effects. Natural plant products have shown potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of AD symptoms. Variety of secondary metabolites like flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids and phenols are used to reduce the progression of the disease. Plant products have less or no side effect and are easily available. The present review gives a detailed account of the potential of natural plant products against the AD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshi Varshney
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yasir Hasan Siddique
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Bell M, Zempel H. SH-SY5Y-derived neurons: a human neuronal model system for investigating TAU sorting and neuronal subtype-specific TAU vulnerability. Rev Neurosci 2021; 33:1-15. [PMID: 33866701 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein (MAP) TAU is mainly sorted into the axon of healthy brain neurons. Somatodendritic missorting of TAU is a pathological hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cause, consequence and (patho)physiological mechanisms of TAU sorting and missorting are understudied, in part also because of the lack of readily available human neuronal model systems. The human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y is widely used for studying TAU physiology and TAU-related pathology in AD and related tauopathies. SH-SY5Y cells can be differentiated into neuron-like cells (SH-SY5Y-derived neurons) using various substances. This review evaluates whether SH-SY5Y-derived neurons are a suitable model for (i) investigating intracellular TAU sorting in general, and (ii) with respect to neuron subtype-specific TAU vulnerability. (I) SH-SY5Y-derived neurons show pronounced axodendritic polarity, high levels of axonally localized TAU protein, expression of all six human brain isoforms and TAU phosphorylation similar to the human brain. As SH-SY5Y cells are highly proliferative and readily accessible for genetic engineering, stable transgene integration and leading-edge genome editing are feasible. (II) SH-SY5Y-derived neurons display features of subcortical neurons early affected in many tauopathies. This allows analyzing brain region-specific differences in TAU physiology, also in the context of differential vulnerability to TAU pathology. However, several limitations should be considered when using SH-SY5Y-derived neurons, e.g., the lack of clearly defined neuronal subtypes, or the difficulty of mimicking age-related tauopathy risk factors in vitro. In brief, this review discusses the suitability of SH-SY5Y-derived neurons for investigating TAU (mis)sorting mechanisms and neuron-specific TAU vulnerability in disease paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bell
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 34, 50931Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans Zempel
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 34, 50931Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931Cologne, Germany
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Chan EWL, Yeo ETY, Wong KWL, See ML, Wong KY, Yap JKY, Gan SY. Piper sarmentosum Roxb. Attenuates Beta Amyloid (Aβ)-Induced Neurotoxicity Via the Inhibition of Amyloidogenesis and Tau Hyperphosphorylation in SH-SY5Y Cells. Curr Alzheimer Res 2021; 18:80-87. [PMID: 33761853 DOI: 10.2174/1567205018666210324124239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Alzheimer's disease, accumulation of beta amyloid (Aβ) triggers amyloidogenesis and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein leading to neuronal cell death. Piper sarmentosum Roxb. (PS) is a traditional medicinal herb used by Malay to treat rheumatism, headache and boost memory. It possesses various biological effects, such as anti-cholinergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-depressant-like effects. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate neuroprotective properties of PS against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity and to evaluate its potential mechanism of action. METHODS Neuroprotective effects of hexane (HXN), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EA) and methanol (MEOH) extracts from leaves (L) and roots (R) of PS against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity were investigated in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Cells were pre-treated with PS for 24 h followed by 24 h of induction with Aβ. The neuroprotective effects of PS were studied using cell viability and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays. The levels of extracellular Aβ and tau proteins phosphorylated at threonine 231 (pT231) were determined. Gene and protein expressions were assessed using qRT-PCR analyses and western blot analyses, respectively. RESULTS Hexane extracts of PS (LHXN and RHXN) protected SH-SY5Y cells against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity, and decreased levels of extracellular Aβ and phosphorylated tau (pT231). Although extracts of PS inhibited Aβ-induced ROS production, it was unlikely that neuroprotective effects were simply due to the anti-oxidant capacity of PS. Further, mechanistic study suggested that the neuroprotective effects of PS might be due to its capability to regulate amyloidogenesis through the downregulation of BACE and APP. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that hexane extracts of PS confer neuroprotection against Aβ- induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells by attenuating amyloidogenesis and tau hyperphosphorylation. Due to its neuroprotective properties, PS might be a potential therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine W L Chan
- Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
| | - Emilia T Y Yeo
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
| | - Kelly W L Wong
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
| | - Mun L See
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
| | - Ka Y Wong
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
| | - Jeremy K Y Yap
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
| | - Sook Y Gan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
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Greek Sage Exhibits Neuroprotective Activity against Amyloid Beta-Induced Toxicity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:2975284. [PMID: 33505483 PMCID: PMC7805276 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2975284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, affecting the elderly at a high incidence. AD is of unknown etiology and currently, no cure is available. Present medication is restricted to treating symptoms; thus, a need exists for the development of effective remedies. Medicinal plants constitute a large pool, from which active compounds of great pharmaceutical potential can be derived. Various Salvia spp. are considered as neuroprotective, and here, the ability of Salvia fruticosa (SF) to protect against toxic effects induced in an AD cell model was partly assessed. Two of AD's characteristic hallmarks are the presence of elevated oxidative stress levels and the cytotoxic aggregation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides. Thus, we obtained SF extracts in three different solvents of increasing polarity, consecutively, to evaluate (a) their antioxidant capacity with the employment of the free radical scavenging assay (DPPH•), of the ferric reducing ability of plasma assay (FRAP), and of the cellular reactive oxygen species assay (DCFDA) and (b) their neuroprotective properties against Aβ25–35-induced cell death with the use of an MTT assay. All three SF extracts showed a considerable antioxidant capacity, with the methanol (SFM) extract being the strongest. The results of the total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC) of the extracts and of the FRAP and the DCFDA assays showed a similar pattern. In addition, and most importantly, the dichloromethane (SFD) and the petroleum ether (SFP) extracts had an effect on Aβ toxicity, exhibiting a significant neuroprotective potential. To our knowledge, this is the first report of SF extracts demonstrating neuroprotective potential against Aβ toxicity. In combination with their antioxidant capacity, SF extracts may be beneficial in combating AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Sun X, Chen W, Dai W, Xin H, Rahmand K, Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhang S, Xu L, Han T. Piper sarmentosum Roxb.: A review on its botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 263:112897. [PMID: 32620264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Piper sarmentosum Roxb. (Piperaceae) is a traditional medicinal plant widely distributed in India, Malaysia, Thailand, and the southeastern coastal areas of China including Fujian, Guangdong, and Guizhou. It has been used for centuries for the treatment of wind-cold cough, fever, rheumatism arthralgia, diarrhea dysentery, postpartum foot swelling, stomachache, toothache, diabetes, and traumatic injury. AIMS OF THE REVIEW To critically anayze the literature for the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, and clinical trials of P. sarmentosum in order to provide a scientific consensus for further research and discovery of potential candidate drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The contents of this review were sourced from electronic databases including PubMed, SciFinder, Web of Science, Science Direct, Elsevier, Google Scholar, Chinese Knowledge On frastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, Chinese Scientific and Technological Periodical Database (VIP), Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM), Cochrane Controlled register of Clinical Trials, Clinical Trials. gov, and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. Chinese medicine books published over the years were used to elucidate the traditional uses of P. sarmentosum and additional information was also collected from Yao Zhi website (https://db.yaozh.com/). RESULTS Phytochemical analyses of the chemical constituents of P. sarmentosum include essential oil, alkaloids, flavonoids, lignans, and steroids. The literature supports the ethnomedicinal uses of P. sarmentosum for the treatment of cold, gastritis, and rheumatoid joint pain, and further confirms its relatively new pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, and antipyretic activities. Other biological roles such as anti-osteoporosis, antibacterial, antidepressant, anti-atherosclerotic, and hypoglycemic activities have also been reported. However, the methodologies employed in individual studies are limited. CONCLUSIONS There is convincing evidence from both in vitro and in vivo studies supporting the traditional use of P. sarmentosum and it is imperative that natural bioactive compounds are examined further. More efforts should be focused on the pharmacodynamic constituents of P. sarmentosum to provide practical basis for quality control, and additional studies are needed to understand the mechanism of their action. Further studies on the comprehensive evaluation of medicinal quality and understandings of serum chemistry, multi-target network pharmacology, and molecular docking technology of P. sarmentosum are of great importance and should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Daxue Road, Jinan, 250355, China; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wenhua Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Daxue Road, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Wei Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Daxue Road, Jinan, 250355, China; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hailiang Xin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Khalid Rahmand
- Faculty of Science, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Yan Wang
- Military Drug Research and Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shiyao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Daxue Road, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Lingchuan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Daxue Road, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Ting Han
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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14
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Anti-aging Klotho Protects SH-SY5Y Cells Against Amyloid β1-42 Neurotoxicity: Involvement of Wnt1/pCREB/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 71:19-27. [PMID: 32627121 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01621-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered a prevalent neurological disorder with a neurodegenerative nature in elderly people. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation due to amyloid β (Aβ) peptides are strongly involved in AD pathogenesis. Klotho is an anti-aging protein with multiple protective effects that its deficiency is involved in development of age-related disorders. In this study, we investigated the beneficial effect of Klotho pretreatment at different concentrations of 0.5, 1, and 2 nM against Aβ1-42 toxicity at a concentration of 20 μM in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Our findings showed that Klotho could significantly and partially restore cell viability and decrease reactive oxygen species (known as ROS) and improve superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) in addition to reduction of caspase 3 activity and DNA fragmentation following Aβ1-42 challenge. In addition, exogenous Klotho also reduced inflammatory biomarkers consisting of nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in Aβ-exposed cells. Besides, Klotho caused downregulation of Wnt1 level, upregulation of phosphorylated cyclic AMP response element binding (pCREB), and mRNA levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) with no significant alteration of epsilon isoform of protein kinase C (PKCε) after Aβ toxicity. In summary, Klotho could alleviate apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation in human neuroblastoma cells after Aβ challenge and its beneficial effect is partially exerted through appropriate modulation of Wnt1/pCREB/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.
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15
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Li S, Xian F, Guan X, Huang K, Yu W, Liu D. Neural Protective Effects of Millet and Millet Polyphenols on High-Fat Diet-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Brain. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 75:208-214. [PMID: 32078112 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-020-00802-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A high fat diet (HFD) is considered to be a risk factor for the development of dementia because it increases oxidative stress in the brain; thus, diets rich in antioxidants, such as polyphenols, may protect against oxidative damage. In this study, we explored the antioxidant activity and neural protective function of millet on high fat diet-induced oxidative stress in rat brains. Our results suggested that the intake of millet could alleviate oxidative stress in the hippocampus and downregulate the expression of the Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related genes amyloid precursor protein (App), tau, and γ-secretase. Furthermore, we extracted millet polyphenols and verified whether they play important roles during this process. The results showed that millet polyphenols significantly prevented H2O2-induced cell death of SH-SY5Y cells and decreased oxidative stress levels in cells. In addition, the expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors and AD-related genes were also downregulated by treatment with millet polyphenols. The above results indicated that millet and millet polyphenols could exert neural protective effects under high fat diet-induced oxidative stress by upregulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes and downregulating the expression of AD-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Li
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Furong Xian
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Xiao Guan
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Kai Huang
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China
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16
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Zholos AV, Moroz OF, Storozhuk MV. Curcuminoids and Novel Opportunities for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Which Molecules are Actually Effective? Curr Mol Pharmacol 2019; 12:12-26. [PMID: 30318014 DOI: 10.2174/1874467211666181012150847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Millions of people worldwide are suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD), and there are only symptomatic treatments available for this disease. Thus, there is a great need to identify drugs capable of arresting or reversing AD. Constituents of the spice turmeric, in particular, curcuminoids, seem to be very promising, as evident from in vitro experiments and tests using animal models of AD. However, most of the clinical trials did not reveal any beneficial effects of curcuminoids in the treatment of AD. These controversies, including conflicting results of clinical trials, are thought to be related to bioavailability of curcuminoids, which is low unless it is enhanced by developing a special formulation. However, there is growing evidence suggesting that other reasons may be of even greater importance, but these avenues are less explored. OBJECTIVE Review relevant literature, and analyze potential reasons for the controversial results. METHODOLOGY Recent in vitro and preclinical studies; clinical trials (without a limiting period) were searched in PubMed and Google Scholar. RESULTS While recent in vitro and preclinical studies confirm the therapeutic potential of curcuminoids in the treatment of AD and cognitive dysfunctions, results of corresponding clinical trials remain rather controversial. CONCLUSION The controversial results obtained in the clinical trials may be in part due to particularities of the curcuminoid formulations other than bioavailability. Namely, it seems likely that the various formulations differ in terms of their minor turmeric constituent(s). We hypothesize that these distinctions may be of key importance for efficacy of the particular formulation in clinical trials. A testable approach addressing this hypothesis is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Zholos
- A.A. Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 4 Bogomoletz Street, Kiev 01024, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Educational and Scientific Centre "Institute of Biology and Medicine", 2 Academician Glushkov Avenue, Kiev 03022, Ukraine
| | - Olesia F Moroz
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Educational and Scientific Centre "Institute of Biology and Medicine", 2 Academician Glushkov Avenue, Kiev 03022, Ukraine
| | - Maksim V Storozhuk
- A.A. Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 4 Bogomoletz Street, Kiev 01024, Ukraine
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17
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Salehi B, Zakaria ZA, Gyawali R, Ibrahim SA, Rajkovic J, Shinwari ZK, Khan T, Sharifi-Rad J, Ozleyen A, Turkdonmez E, Valussi M, Tumer TB, Monzote Fidalgo L, Martorell M, Setzer WN. Piper Species: A Comprehensive Review on Their Phytochemistry, Biological Activities and Applications. Molecules 2019; 24:E1364. [PMID: 30959974 PMCID: PMC6479398 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Piper species are aromatic plants used as spices in the kitchen, but their secondary metabolites have also shown biological effects on human health. These plants are rich in essential oils, which can be found in their fruits, seeds, leaves, branches, roots and stems. Some Piper species have simple chemical profiles, while others, such as Piper nigrum, Piper betle, and Piper auritum, contain very diverse suites of secondary metabolites. In traditional medicine, Piper species have been used worldwide to treat several diseases such as urological problems, skin, liver and stomach ailments, for wound healing, and as antipyretic and anti-inflammatory agents. In addition, Piper species could be used as natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents in food preservation. The phytochemicals and essential oils of Piper species have shown strong antioxidant activity, in comparison with synthetic antioxidants, and demonstrated antibacterial and antifungal activities against human pathogens. Moreover, Piper species possess therapeutic and preventive potential against several chronic disorders. Among the functional properties of Piper plants/extracts/active components the antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and neuropharmacological activities of the extracts and extract-derived bioactive constituents are thought to be key effects for the protection against chronic conditions, based on preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies, besides clinical studies. Habitats and cultivation of Piper species are also covered in this review. In this current work, available literature of chemical constituents of the essential oils Piper plants, their use in traditional medicine, their applications as a food preservative, their antiparasitic activities and other important biological activities are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam 44340847, Iran.
| | - Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Rabin Gyawali
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA.
| | - Salam A Ibrahim
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA.
| | - Jovana Rajkovic
- Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Zabta Khan Shinwari
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Tariq Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Food Safety Research Center (salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 35198-99951, Iran.
| | - Adem Ozleyen
- Graduate Program of Biomolecular Sciences, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17020 Canakkale, Turkey.
| | - Elif Turkdonmez
- Graduate Program of Biomolecular Sciences, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17020 Canakkale, Turkey.
| | - Marco Valussi
- European Herbal and Traditional Medicine Practitioners Association (EHTPA), 25 Lincoln Close, GL20 5TY Tewkesbury, UK.
| | - Tugba Boyunegmez Tumer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17020 Canakkale, Turkey.
| | - Lianet Monzote Fidalgo
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kouri", 10400 Havana, Cuba.
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, 4070386 Concepcion, VIII-Bio Bio Region, Chile.
| | - William N Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USA.
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18
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Chan EWL, Yeo ETY, Wong KWL, See ML, Wong KY, Gan SY. Piper sarmentosum Roxb. Root Extracts Confer Neuroprotection by Attenuating Beta Amyloid-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Released from Microglial Cells. Curr Alzheimer Res 2019; 16:251-260. [DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666190228124630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
<P>Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder that
eventually leads to severe cognitive impairment. Although the exact etiologies of AD still remain elusive,
increasing evidence suggests that neuroinflammation cascades mediated by microglial cells are
associated with AD. Piper sarmentosum Roxb. (PS) is a medicinal plant reported to possess various biological
properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-psychotic and anti-oxidant activity. However, little
is known about the anti-inflammatory activity of PS roots despite their traditional use to treat inflammatory-
mediated ailments.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties of extracts
obtained from the roots of PS against beta-amyloid (Aβ)-induced microglial toxicity associated with the
production of pro-inflammatory mediators.
Method: BV2 microglial cells were treated with hexane (RHXN), dichloromethane (RDCM), ethyl acetate
(REA) and methanol (RMEOH) extracts of the roots of PS prior to activation by Aβ. The production and
mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory mediators were evaluated by Griess reagent, ELISA kits and
RT-qPCR respectively. The phosphorylation status of p38α MAPK was determined via western blot assay.
BV2 conditioned medium was used to treat SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and the neuroprotective
effect was assessed using MTT assay.
Results: PS root extracts, in particular RMEOH significantly attenuated the production and mRNA expression
of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in Aβ-induced BV2 microglial cells. In addition, RHXN, REA and
RMEOH extracts significantly reduced nitric oxide (NO) level and the inhibition of NO production was
correlated with the total phenolic content of the extracts. Further mechanistic studies suggested that PS
root extracts attenuated the production of cytokines by regulating the phosphorylation of p38α MAPK in
microglia. Importantly, PS root extracts have protective effects against Aβ-induced indirect neurotoxicity
either by inhibiting the production of NO, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in BV2 cells or by protecting SHSY5Y
cells against these inflammatory mediators.
Conclusions: These findings provided evidence that PS root extracts confer neuroprotection against Aβ-
induced microglial toxicity associated with the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and may be a
potential therapeutic agent for inflammation-related neurological conditions including Alzheimer’s disease
(AD).</P>
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Wan Ling Chan
- Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Emilia Tze Ying Yeo
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kelly Wang Ling Wong
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mun Ling See
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ka Yan Wong
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sook Yee Gan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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19
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Du S, Zhang Y, Yang J, Liu X, Wang Y, Xu B, Jia J. Curcumin Alleviates β Amyloid-Induced Neurotoxicity in HT22 Cells via Upregulating SOD2. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 67:540-549. [PMID: 30746607 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin protects neuronal cells exposed to β amyloid (Aβ); the mechanism, however, is still obscure. The aim of this study is to determine whether the type 2 superoxide dismutase (SOD2) mediates curcumin-induced protective effects in Aβ-treated neuronal cells. In this study, the HT22 neuronal cells were exposed to Aβ to imitate neuronal injury in Alzheimer's disease (AD). After 24-h treatment, 10 μM Aβ decreased cell viability and mitochondrial functions, including mitochondrial complex activities and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and also downregulated anti-oxidants SOD2, glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT) levels (P < 0.05), meanwhile, increased lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) release, apoptosis level, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial superoxide accumulation (P < 0.05). And, co-administration of 1 μM curcumin significantly reduced the Aβ-induced cell injury and oxidative damage above (P < 0.05). Downregulating SOD2 by using small interfering RNA (siRNA), however, significantly abolished the curcumin-induced protective and anti-oxidative effects in HT22 cells (P < 0.05); the scramble (SC)-siRNA did not cause marked effects on the curcumin-induced protective effects (P > 0.05). These findings showed that curcumin can alleviate Aβ-induced injury in neuronal cells, and SOD2 protein may mediate the neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, 264200, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of 1st Geriatrics, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China.
| | - Ji Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China.
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