1
|
Chen J, Zhang D, Fu Y, Wang J, Cui X, Qu-Zong CR, Zhang Q, Jin C, Duo B. Microscopic and spectroscopic analysis of atmospheric iron-containing single particles in Lhasa, Tibet. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 141:40-50. [PMID: 38408833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The Tibetan Plateau, known as the "Third Pole", is currently in a state of perturbation caused by intensified human activity. In this study, 56 samples were obtained at the five sampling sites in typical area of Lhasa city and their physical and chemical properties were investigated by TEM/EDS, STXM, and NEXAFS spectroscopy. After careful examination of 3387 single particles, the results showed that Fe should be one of the most frequent metal elements. The Fe-containing single particles in irregular shape and micrometer size was about 7.8% and might be mainly from local sources. Meanwhile, the Fe was located on the subsurface of single particles and might be existed in the form of iron oxide. Interestingly, the core-shell structure of iron-containing particles were about 38.8% and might be present as single-, dual- or triple-core shell structure and multi-core shell structure with the Fe/Si ratios of 17.5, 10.5, 2.9 and 1.2, respectively. Meanwhile, iron and manganese were found to coexist with identical distributions in the single particles, which might induce a synergistic effect between iron and manganese in catalytic oxidation. Finally, the solid spherical structure of Fe-containing particles without an external layer were about 53.4%. The elements of Fe and Mn were co-existed, and might be presented as iron oxide-manganese oxide-silica composite. Moreover, the ferrous and ferric forms of iron might be co-existed. Such information can be valuable in expanding our understanding of Fe-containing particles in the Tibetan Plateau atmosphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Chen
- School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Daobin Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Yiran Fu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jinhu Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Xiaomei Cui
- School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Ci-Ren Qu-Zong
- School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China; Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qiangying Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Chan Jin
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
| | - Bu Duo
- School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zheng X, Liu J, Zhong B, Wang Y, Wu Z, Chuduo N, Ba B, Yuan X, Fan M, Cao F, Zhang Y, Chen W, Zhou L, Ma N, Yu P, Li J, Zhang G. Insights into anthropogenic impact on atmospheric inorganic aerosols in the largest city of the Tibetan Plateau through multidimensional isotope analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 929:172643. [PMID: 38649049 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Particulate inorganic nitrogen aerosols (PIN) significantly influence air pollution and pose health risks worldwide. Despite extensive observations on ammonium (pNH4+) and nitrate (pNO3-) aerosols in various regions, their key sources and mechanisms in the Tibetan Plateau remain poorly understood. To bridge this gap, this study conducted a sampling campaign in Lhasa, the Tibetan Plateau's largest city, with a focus on analyzing the multiple isotopic signatures (δ15N, ∆17O). These isotopes were integrated into a Bayesian mixing model to quantify the source contributions and oxidation pathways for pNH4+ and pNO3-. Our results showed that traffic was the largest contributor to pNH4+ (31.8 %), followed by livestock (25.4 %), waste (21.8 %), and fertilizer (21.0 %), underscoring the impact of vehicular emissions on urban NH3 levels in Lhasa. For pNO3-, coal combustion emerged as the largest contributor (27.3 %), succeeded by biomass burning (26.3 %), traffic emission (25.3 %), and soil emission (21.1 %). In addition, the ∆17O-based model indicated a dominant role of NO2 + OH (52.9 %) in pNO3- production in Lhasa, which was similar to previous observations. However, it should be noted that the NO3 + volatile organic component (VOC) contributed up to 18.5 % to pNO3- production, which was four times higher than the Tibetan Plateau's background regions. Taken together, the multidimensional isotope analysis performed in this study elucidates the pronounced influence of anthropogenic activities on PIN in the atmospheric environment of Lhasa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Zheng
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Junwen Liu
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
| | - Bingqian Zhong
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Yujing Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zeyan Wu
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Nima Chuduo
- Lhasa Meteorological Administration, Lhasa 850010, China
| | - Bian Ba
- Lhasa Meteorological Administration, Lhasa 850010, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Meiyi Fan
- School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Fang Cao
- School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yanlin Zhang
- School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Weihua Chen
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Luxi Zhou
- Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology, Meteorological Administration, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Nan Ma
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Pengfei Yu
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wei C, Zhao P, Wang Y, Wang Y, Mo S, Zhou Y. Aerosol influence on cloud macrophysical and microphysical properties over the Tibetan Plateau and its adjacent regions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:30174-30195. [PMID: 38600373 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
This study uses aerosol optical depth (AOD) and cloud properties data to investigate the influence of aerosol on the cloud properties over the Tibetan Plateau and its adjacent regions. The study regions are divided as the western part of the Tibetan Plateau (WTP), the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), and the Sichuan Basin (SCB). All three regions show significant cloud effects under low aerosol loading conditions. In WTP, under low aerosol loading conditions, the effective radius of liquid cloud particles (LREF) decreases with the increase of aerosol loading, while the effective radius of ice cloud particles (IREF) and cloud top height (CTH) increase during the cold season. Increased aerosol loading might inhibit the development of warm rain processes, transporting more cloud droplets above the freezing level and promoting ice cloud development. During the warm season, under low aerosol loading conditions, both the cloud microphysical (LREF and IREF) and macrophysical (cloud top height and cloud fraction) properties increase with the increase of aerosol loading, likely due to higher dust aerosol concentration in this region. In IGP, both LREF and IREF increase with the increase in aerosol loading during the cold season. In SCB, LREF increases with the increase in aerosol loading, while IREF decreases, possibly due to the higher hygroscopic aerosol concentration in the SCB during the cold season. Meteorological conditions also modulate the aerosol-cloud interaction. Under different convective available potential energy (CAPE) and relative humidity (RH) conditions, the influence of aerosol on clouds varies in the three regions. Under low CAPE and RH conditions, the relationship between LREF and aerosol in both the cold and warm seasons is opposite in the WTP: LREF decreases with the increase of aerosol in the cold season, while it increases in the warm season. This discrepancy may be attributed to a difference in the moisture condition between the cold and warm seasons in this region. In general, the influence of aerosols on cloud properties in TP and its adjacent regions is characterized by significant nonlinearity and spatial variability, which is likely related to the differences in aerosol types and meteorological conditions between different regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengqiang Wei
- Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Plain Urban Meteorology and Environment Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province, College of Atmospheric Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, China
| | - Pengguo Zhao
- Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Plain Urban Meteorology and Environment Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province, College of Atmospheric Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, China.
| | - Yuting Wang
- Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Plain Urban Meteorology and Environment Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province, College of Atmospheric Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Plain Urban Meteorology and Environment Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province, College of Atmospheric Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, China
| | - Shuying Mo
- Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Plain Urban Meteorology and Environment Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province, College of Atmospheric Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, China
| | - Yunjun Zhou
- Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Plain Urban Meteorology and Environment Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province, College of Atmospheric Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sharma BR, Kuttippurath J, Patel VK. A gradual increase of aerosol pollution in the Third Pole during the past four decades: Implication for regional climate change. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117105. [PMID: 37689338 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
We analyse the long-term (1980-2020) changes in aerosols over the Third Pole (TP) and assess the changes in radiative forcing (RF) using satellite, ground-based and reanalysis data. The annual mean aerosol optical depth (AOD) varies from 0.06 to 0.24, with the highest values of around 0.2 in the north and southwest TP, which are dominated by dust from Taklimakan and Thar deserts, respectively. However, Organic Carbon (OC), Black Carbon (BC) and sulphate aerosols have significant contributions to the total AOD in the south and east TP. High amounts of dust are observed in spring and summer, but BC in winter. Trajectory analysis reveals that the air mass originated from East and South Asia carries BC and OC, whereas the air from South Asia, Central Asia and Middle East brings dust to TP. Significant positive trends in AOD is found in TP, with high values of about 0.002/yr in the eastern and southern TP. There is a gradual increase in BC and OC concentrations during 1980-2020, but the change from 2000 is phenomenal. The RF at the top of the atmosphere varies from -10 to 2 W/m2 in TP, and high positive RF of about 2 W/m2 is estimated in Pamir, Karakoram and Nyainquentanglha mountains, where the massive glacier mass exists. The RF has increased in much of TP during recent decades (2001-2020) with respect to previous decades (1981-2000), which can be due to the rise in BC and dust during the latter period. Therefore, the positive trend in BC and its associated change in RF can amplify the regional warming, and thus, the melting of glaciers or ice in TP. This is a great concern as it is directly connected to the water security of many South Asian countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B R Sharma
- CORAL, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India; Department of Physics, Prithvinarayan Campus, Tribhuvan University, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - J Kuttippurath
- CORAL, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - V K Patel
- CORAL, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang J, Liu P, Song H, Miao C, Yang J, Zhang L, Dong J, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Li B. Multi-Scale Effects of Meteorological Conditions and Anthropogenic Emissions on PM2.5 Concentrations over Major Cities of the Yellow River Basin. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15060. [PMID: 36429779 PMCID: PMC9690158 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism behind PM2.5 pollution is complex, and its performance at multi-scales is still unclear. Based on PM2.5 monitoring data collected from 2015 to 2021, we used the GeoDetector model to assess the multi-scale effects of meteorological conditions and anthropogenic emissions, as well as their interactions with PM2.5 concentrations in major cities in the Yellow River Basin (YRB). Our study confirms that PM2.5 concentrations in the YRB from 2015 to 2021 show an inter-annual and inter-season decreasing trend and that PM2.5 concentrations varied more significantly in winter. The inter-month variation of PM2.5 concentrations shows a sinusoidal pattern from 2015 to 2021, with the highest concentrations in January and December and the lowest from June to August. The PM2.5 concentrations for major cities in the middle and downstream regions of the YRB are higher than in the upper areas, with high spatial distribution in the east and low spatial distribution in the west. Anthropogenic emissions and meteorological conditions have similar inter-annual effects, while air pressure and temperature are the two main drivers across the whole basin. At the sub-basin scale, meteorological conditions have stronger inter-annual effects on PM2.5 concentrations, of which temperature is the dominant impact factor. Wind speed has a significant effect on PM2.5 concentrations across the four seasons in the downstream region and has the strongest effect in winter. Primary PM2.5 and ammonia are the two main emission factors. Interactions between the factors significantly enhanced the PM2.5 concentrations. The interaction between ammonia and other emissions plays a dominant role at the whole and sub-basin scales in summer, while the interaction between meteorological factors plays a dominant role at the whole-basin scale in winter. Our study not only provides cases and references for the development of PM2.5 pollution prevention and control policies in YRB but can also shed light on similar regions in China as well as in other regions of the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiejun Zhang
- Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Institute of Urban Big Data, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Hongquan Song
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Institute of Urban Big Data, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Changhong Miao
- Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Longlong Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Junwu Dong
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Bingchen Li
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fine Particulate Matter Concentrations during Independence Day Fireworks Display in the Lower Rio Grande Valley Region, South Texas, USA. ScientificWorldJournal 2022; 2022:8413574. [PMID: 36132439 PMCID: PMC9484981 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8413574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fireworks are typically discharged as a mark of celebration and joy in many societies spanning various cultures. In the United States of America, 4th July is celebrated as the Independence Day when the nation overthrew the British colonial yoke in 1776. While this day instills a sense of patriotism in every American’s heart, it is also a major PM2.5 air pollution concern. This study is first of its type in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (RGV) Region of South Texas, USA, that characterizes fine particulate matter pollution. Using a low-cost sensor (TSI BlueSky Air Quality Monitor), real-time PM2.5 measurements were assessed at eleven different locations in four different towns and cities of Lower RGV Region: Brownsville, Edinburg, Weslaco, and Port Isabel. Hourly PM2.5 concentrations from July 03–06, 2021 are presented in this research work. Intraurban PM2.5 spatial and temporal variations provide an insight on the general population’s exposure burden during the festive period. Results indicate an increase in fine particulate matter pollution across the region, but the levels do not exceed the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Findings from this study would possibly help in the formulation of effective firework policies to minimize the pollution impact.
Collapse
|
7
|
Yi W, Zhao F, Pan R, Zhang Y, Xu Z, Song J, Sun Q, Du P, Fang J, Cheng J, Liu Y, Chen C, Lu Y, Li T, Su H, Shi X. Associations of Fine Particulate Matter Constituents with Metabolic Syndrome and the Mediating Role of Apolipoprotein B: A Multicenter Study in Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese Adults. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:10161-10171. [PMID: 35802126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was reported to be associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), but how PM2.5 constituents affect MetS and the underlying mediators remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the associations of long-term exposure to 24 kinds of PM2.5 constituents with MetS (defined by five indicators) in middle-aged and elderly adults and to further explore the potential mediating role of apolipoprotein B (ApoB). A multicenter study was conducted by recruiting subjects (n = 2045) in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from the cohort of Sub-Clinical Outcomes of Polluted Air in China (SCOPA-China Cohort). Relationships among PM2.5 constituents, serum ApoB levels, and MetS were estimated by multiple logistic/linear regression models. Mediation analysis quantified the role of ApoB in "PM2.5 constituents-MetS" associations. Results indicated PM2.5 was significantly related to elevated MetS prevalence. The MetS odds increased after exposure to sulfate (SO42-), calcium ion (Ca2+), magnesium ion (Mg2+), Si, Zn, Ca, Mn, Ba, Cu, As, Cr, Ni, or Se (odds ratios ranged from 1.103 to 3.025 per interquartile range increase in each constituent). PM2.5 and some constituents (SO42-, Ca2+, Mg2+, Ca, and As) were positively related to serum ApoB levels. ApoB mediated 22.10% of the association between PM2.5 and MetS. Besides, ApoB mediated 24.59%, 50.17%, 12.70%, and 9.63% of the associations of SO42-, Ca2+, Ca, and As with MetS, respectively. Our findings suggest that ApoB partially mediates relationships between PM2.5 constituents and MetS risk in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weizhuo Yi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Rubing Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, 4006 Queensland, Australia
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Qinghua Sun
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Peng Du
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jianlong Fang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Yingchun Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Chen Chen
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yifu Lu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Xiaoming Shi
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhao W, Zhang X, Zhai L, Shen X, Xu J. Chemical characterization and sources of submicron aerosols in Lhasa on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Insights from high-resolution mass spectrometry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 815:152866. [PMID: 34998762 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a great number of studies has been carried out in urban cities regarding urban particulate matter (PM) pollution in China, especially in eastern China. Lhasa, the capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region in western China, is the highest (3650 m a.s.l.) city in China and has notably different lifestyles and PM sources comparing with those in eastern China. However, there is currently a lack of studies on PM pollution in this city. In this study, an Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer was deployed along with other co-located instruments to explore the chemical characterization of ambient submicron PM (PM1) in Lhasa from 31 August 2019 to 26 September 2019. The mean ambient PM1 mass loading through this study was 4.72 μg m-3. Organic aerosols (OAs) played a dominant role with an average contribution of 82.6% to PM1, followed by 5.4% nitrate, 4.7% ammonium, 3.4% sulfate, 3.1% BC, and 0.7% chloride. The relatively lower contribution from secondary inorganic aerosols (nitrate and sulfate) in this study was distinctly different from that in eastern China, indicating lower fossil fuel usage in this city. Via positive matrix factorization (PMF), organic aerosols were decomposed into four components containing a traffic-related hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), a cooking-related OA (COA), a biomass burning-related OA (BBOA), as well as an oxygenated OA (OOA). The OOA and COA had higher contributions (34% and 35%, respectively) to total OAs, while the rest accounted for 17% for HOA and 14% for BBOA. However, an increased mass fraction of BBOA (up to 36%) was found during the Sho Dun Festival, suggesting the importance of biomass burning emissions during the religious activities in this city. Frequent new particle formation events were observed during this study and the contribution of chemical species for the particle growth was also explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Lixiang Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaojing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yin X, de Foy B, Wu K, Feng C, Kang S, Zhang Q. Gaseous and particulate pollutants in Lhasa, Tibet during 2013-2017: Spatial variability, temporal variations and implications. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 253:68-77. [PMID: 31302404 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, most big cities in China have experienced severe air pollution accompanied by rapid economic and social development. Analysis of measurements of air pollutants form a fundamental basis for understanding the characteristics of air pollution and are important references for policy-making. In this study, five-year measurements of air pollutants at 6 sites in Lhasa, a typical high altitude big city in southwestern China, were analyzed from January 2013 to December 2017. Air pollutants at all the 6 sites in Lhasa generally displayed similar patterns of both diurnal and monthly variations, indicating the mixed atmospheric environment and the overall effect of the meteorological conditions in the city. Spatially, the air pollutant concentrations at the 6 sites were generally characterized by high concentrations of SO2, NO2, CO, PM10 and PM2.5 at urban sites and high O3 concentrations at suburban sites. In comparison with other provincial capital cities in China, Lhasa has low concentrations of air pollutants, except for O3, and thus, better air quality. Although Lhasa has experienced rapid urbanization and economic development, air pollution conditions have remained rather stable and even decreased slightly in term of particular air pollutants. We suggested that the relatively isolated location, low air pollutant emissions associated with its industrial structure and renewable energy consumption, and effective air pollution control measures, collectively contributed to the synchronous improvement of the economy and air quality in Lhasa. Such "Lhasa pattern" may serve as a positive example for other regional hub cities in China and beyond that experience socioeconomic development and simultaneously seek to improve air quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiufeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China; Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Benjamin de Foy
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Kunpeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Chuan Feng
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Shichang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730000, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Qianggong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wei N, Xu Z, Liu J, Wang G, Liu W, Zhuoga D, Xiao D, Yao J. Characteristics of size distributions and sources of water-soluble ions in Lhasa during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 82:155-168. [PMID: 31133261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To understand the physical and chemical characteristics, particle size distribution and sources of size-separated aerosols in Lhasa, which is located on the Tibetan Plateau (TP), six sizes of aerosol samples were collected in Lhasa in 2014. Ca2+, NH4+, NO3-, SO42- and Cl- were the dominant ions. The ratio of cation equivalents (CE) to anion equivalents (AE) for each particle size segment indicated that the atmospheric aerosols in Lhasa were alkaline. SO42- and NO3- could be neutralized by Ca2+, but could not be neutralized by NH4+, according to the [NH4+]/[NO3- + SO42-] and [Ca2+]/[NO3- + SO42-] ratios. Mobile sources were dominant in PM0.95-1.5, PM1.5-3 and PM3-7.2, while stationary sources were dominant in the other three size fractions according to the [NO3-]/[SO42-] ratios. The particle size distribution of all water-soluble ions during monsoon and non-monsoon periods was characterized by a bimodal distribution due to the different sources and formation mechanisms, and it was revealed that different ions had different sources in different seasons and different particle size segments by combining particle size distribution with correlation analysis. Source analysis of aerosols in Lhasa was performed using the Principal component analysis (PCA) for the first time, which revealed that combustion sources, motor vehicle exhaust, photochemical reaction sources and various types of dust were the main sources of Lhasa aerosols. Furthermore, Lhasa's air quality was also affected by long-distance transmission, expressed as pollutants from South Asia and West Asia, which were transmitted to Lhasa according to backward trajectory analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Wei
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Department of Nuclear Reactor Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Zhiyou Xu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Junwen Liu
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guanghua Wang
- Department of Nuclear Reactor Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Nuclear Reactor Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Deqing Zhuoga
- Meteorological Service Center of Tibet Autonomous Region Meteorological Bureau, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Detao Xiao
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Jian Yao
- Department of Nuclear Reactor Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Size-Segregated Characteristics of Carbonaceous Aerosols during the Monsoon and Non-Monsoon Seasons in Lhasa in the Tibetan Plateau. ATMOSPHERE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos10030157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we intensively collected atmospheric particulate matter (PM) with different diameters (size ranges: <0.49, 0.49–0.95, 0.95–1.5, 1.5–3.0, 3.0–7.2, and >7.2 μm) in Lhasa during the monsoon and non-monsoon seasons. The results clearly showed that the concentrations of PM, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) during the non-monsoon season were much higher than the concentrations during the monsoon season. During the monsoon season, a bimodal size distribution of the OC and WSOC, which were at <0.49 μm and >7.2 μm, respectively, and a unimodal size distribution at <0.49 μm for the EC were observed. However, during the non-monsoon season, there was a trimodal size distribution of the OC and WSOC (<0.49 μm, 1.5–3.0 μm, and >7.2 μm), and a unimodal size distribution of the EC (<0.49 μm). Possible sources of the carbonaceous components were revealed by combining the particle size distribution and the correlation analysis. OC, EC, and WSOC were likely from the photochemical transformation of biogenic and anthropogenic VOC, and the incomplete combustion of biomass burning and fossil fuels at <0.49 μm, whilst they were also likely to be from various types of dust and biogenic aerosols at >7.2 μm. OC and WSOC at 1.5–3.0 μm were likely to have been from the burning of yak dung and photochemical formation. The above results may draw attention in the public and scientific communities to the issues of air quality in the Tibetan Plateau.
Collapse
|
12
|
Hou C, Shao L, Zhao C, Wang J, Liu J, Geng C. Characterization of coal burning-derived individual particles emitted from an experimental domestic stove. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 71:45-55. [PMID: 30195689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Coal combustion in the domestic stoves, which is common in most parts of the Chinese countryside, can release harmful substances into the air and cause health issues. In this study, particles emitted from laboratory stove combustion of the raw powder coals were analyzed for morphologies and chemical compositions by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX). The coal burning-derived individual particles were classified into two groups: carbonaceous particles (including soot aggregates and organic particles) and non-carbonaceous particles (including sulfate, mineral and metal particles). The non-carbonaceous particles, which constituted a majority of the coal burning-derived emissions, were subdivided into Si-rich, S-rich, K-rich, Ca-rich, and Fe-rich particles according to the elemental compositions. The Si-rich, S-rich and K-rich particles are commonly observed in the coal burning emission. The proportions for particles of different types exhibit obvious coal-issue dependence. Burning of coal with high ash yield could emit more non-carbonaceous particles, and burning of coal with high sulfur content can emit more S-rich particles. By comparing the S-rich particles from this coal burning experiment with those in the atmosphere, we draw a conclusion that some S-rich particles in the atmosphere in China could be mainly sourced from coal combustion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Hou
- College of Geosciences and Survey Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
| | - Longyi Shao
- College of Geosciences and Survey Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Chengmei Zhao
- College of Geosciences and Survey Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Junxia Liu
- China Association of Circular Economy, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Chunmei Geng
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cui L, Li R, Zhang Y, Meng Y, Fu H, Chen J. An observational study of nitrous acid (HONO) in Shanghai, China: The aerosol impact on HONO formation during the haze episodes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 630:1057-1070. [PMID: 29554727 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Continuous HONO measurement was conducted to study the formation features of HONO during the haze episodes at Shanghai, China. The HONO concentration ranged from 0.26 to 5.84ppb and averaged at 2.31ppb during the measurement period. The HONO concentration during the haze episode (P1), the haze-fog episode (P2) and the clean period (P3) were 2.80, 2.35 and 1.78ppb, respectively. Heterogeneous conversion of NO2 was the dominate pathway for nocturnal HONO formation, and the heterogeneous conversion efficiency of NO2 to HONO was closely associated with the PM2.5 concentration. The averaged heterogeneous conversion rate of NO2-to-HONO (CHONO) during the pollution periods (P1+P2) was 1.58×10-2h-1, higher than that during the clean period (P3) (0.93×10-2h-1), suggesting the higher conversion potential of NO2 to HONO during the pollution episodes. The daytime unknown HONO production rate (Punknown) in the pollution period was 2.98ppb/h, higher than 1.78ppb/h in the clean period. Further, aerosol played a role in Punknown during the transformation of the clean period to the pollution period. At a single particle scale, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed that most of the particles during P1 and P2 were agglomerated, whereas the particles collected from P3 were uniformly distributed and showed simple morphologies. The number percentage of the S/N-bearing particles during P1 (34%) and P2 (27%) were higher than that during P3 (20%). In addition, particles contained more internally mixed nitrates during P1 and P2 than those during P3, suggesting more intense heterogeneous conversion of NO2 to HONO on particle surfaces during the pollution episodes. In the present study, the averaged HONO/NOx ratio (5.60%), especially during P1 (7.80%) and P2 (7.50%) was much higher than that assumed global averaged value of 2.0%, suggesting a potentially important role for the HONO chemistry in Shanghai. This study provides new insights into the HONO formation mechanism in the atmosphere characterized by high fine particle level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Rui Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yunchen Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ya Meng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongbo Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hu T, Cao J, Zhu C, Zhao Z, Liu S, Zhang D. Morphologies and elemental compositions of local biomass burning particles at urban and glacier sites in southeastern Tibetan Plateau: Results from an expedition in 2010. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 628-629:772-781. [PMID: 29454217 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many studies indicate that the atmospheric environment over the southern part of the Tibetan Plateau is influenced by aged biomass burning particles that are transported over long distances from South Asia. However, our knowledge of the particles emitted locally (within the plateau region) is poor. We collected aerosol particles at four urban sites and one remote glacier site during a scientific expedition to the southeastern Tibetan Plateau in spring 2010. Weather and backward trajectory analyses indicated that the particles we collected were more likely dominated by particles emitted within the plateau. The particles were examined using an electron microscope and identified according to their sizes, shapes and elemental compositions. At three urban sites where the anthropogenic particles were produced mainly by the burning of firewood, soot aggregates were in the majority and made up >40% of the particles by number. At Lhasa, the largest city on the Tibetan Plateau, tar balls and mineral particles were also frequently observed because of the use of coal and natural gas, in addition to biofuel. In contrast, at the glacier site, large numbers of chain-like soot aggregates (~25% by number) were noted. The morphologies of these aggregates were similar to those of freshly emitted ones at the urban sites; moreover, physically or chemically processed ageing was rarely confirmed. These limited observations suggest that the biomass burning particles age slowly in the cold, dry plateau air. Anthropogenic particles emitted locally within the elevated plateau region may thus affect the environment within glaciated areas in Tibet differently than anthropogenic particles transported from South Asia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tafeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Chongshu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zhuzi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Suixin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Daizhou Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Duo B, Cui L, Wang Z, Li R, Zhang L, Fu H, Chen J, Zhang H, Qiong A. Observations of atmospheric pollutants at Lhasa during 2014-2015: Pollution status and the influence of meteorological factors. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 63:28-42. [PMID: 29406111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric pollutants including SO2, NO2, CO, O3 and inhalable particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) were monitored continuously from March 2014 to February 2015 to investigate characteristics of air pollution at Lhasa, Tibetan Plateau. Species exhibited similar seasonal variations except O3, with the peaks in winter but low valleys in summer. The maximum O3 concentration was observed in spring, followed by summer, autumn, and winter. The positive correlation between O3 and PM10 in spring indicated similar sources of them, and was assumed to be turbulent transport. Temperature was the dominant meteorological factor for most species in spring. High temperature accelerates O3 photochemistry, and favors air disturbance which is conductive to dust resuspension in spring. Relative humidity (RH) and atmospheric pressure were the main meteorological factors in summer. RH showed negative correlations with species, while atmospheric pressure posed opposite situation. Wind speed (WS) was the dominant meteorological factor in autumn, the negative correlations between WS and species indicated diffusion by wind. Most species showed non-significant correlations with meteorological factors in winter, indicating the dependence of pollution on source emission rather than restriction by meteorology. Pollution weather character indicated that emissions were from biomass burning and dust suspension, and meteorological factors also played an important role. Air stream injection from the stratosphere was observed during O3 pollution period. Air parcels from Southwest Asia were observed during air pollution period in winter. An enhancement in air pollutants such as O3 would be expected in the future, more attention should be given to countermeasures for prevention of air pollution in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bu Duo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Lulu Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Rui Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liwu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongbo Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Huifang Zhang
- Environmental Monitoring Center Station of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - A Qiong
- Environmental Monitoring Center Station of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li R, Yang X, Fu H, Hu Q, Zhang L, Chen J. Characterization of typical metal particles during haze episodes in Shanghai, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 181:259-269. [PMID: 28448907 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol particles were collected during three heavy haze episodes at Shanghai in the winter of 2013. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was used to study the morphology and speciation of typical metal particles at a single-particle level. In addition, time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometry (ATOFMS) was applied to identify the speciation of the Fe-containing particles. TEM analysis indicated that various metal-containing particles were hosted by sulfates, nitrates, and oxides. Fe-bearing particles mainly originated from vehicle emissions and/or steel production. Pb-, Zn-, and Sb-bearing particles were mainly contributed by anthropogenic sources. Fe-bearing particles were clustered into six groups by ATOFMS: Fe-Carbon, Fe-Inorganic, Fe-Trace metal, Fe-CN, Fe-PO3, and Fe-NO3. ATOFMS data suggested that Fe-containing particles corresponded to different origins, including industrial activities, resuspension of dusts, and vehicle emissions. Fe-Carbon and Fe-CN particles displayed significant diurnal variation, and high levels were observed during the morning rush hours. Fe-Inorganic and Fe-Trace metal particle levels peaked at night. Furthermore, Fe-Carbon and Fe-PO3 were mainly concentrated in the fine particles. Fe-CN, Fe-Inorganic, and Fe-Trace metal exhibited bimodal distribution. The mixing state of the particles revealed that all Fe-bearing particles tended to be mixed with sulfate and nitrate. The data presented herein is essential for elucidating the origin, evolution processes, and health effects of metal-bearing particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongbo Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Qingqing Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liwu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen J, Li C, Ristovski Z, Milic A, Gu Y, Islam MS, Wang S, Hao J, Zhang H, He C, Guo H, Fu H, Miljevic B, Morawska L, Thai P, Lam YF, Pereira G, Ding A, Huang X, Dumka UC. A review of biomass burning: Emissions and impacts on air quality, health and climate in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 579:1000-1034. [PMID: 27908624 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Biomass burning (BB) is a significant air pollution source, with global, regional and local impacts on air quality, public health and climate. Worldwide an extensive range of studies has been conducted on almost all the aspects of BB, including its specific types, on quantification of emissions and on assessing its various impacts. China is one of the countries where the significance of BB has been recognized, and a lot of research efforts devoted to investigate it, however, so far no systematic reviews were conducted to synthesize the information which has been emerging. Therefore the aim of this work was to comprehensively review most of the studies published on this topic in China, including literature concerning field measurements, laboratory studies and the impacts of BB indoors and outdoors in China. In addition, this review provides insights into the role of wildfire and anthropogenic BB on air quality and health globally. Further, we attempted to provide a basis for formulation of policies and regulations by policy makers in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Chunlin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zoran Ristovski
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Andelija Milic
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Yuantong Gu
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Mohammad S Islam
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiming Hao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Hefeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Congrong He
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Hai Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongbo Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Branka Miljevic
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Lidia Morawska
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
| | - Phong Thai
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Yun Fat Lam
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gavin Pereira
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
| | - Aijun Ding
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Umesh C Dumka
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences, Manora Peak, Nainital 263001, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wu J, Duan D, Lu J, Luo Y, Wen X, Guo X, Boman BJ. Inorganic pollution around the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: An overview of the current observations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 550:628-636. [PMID: 26849327 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the highest geographical unit in the world. Thus, it serves an important role in evaluating long-term ecologic conditions and environmental status and changes over time. This study summarizes major and trace element concentrations in biota and in water and soil. It also pays attention to gaseous pollutant and particle concentrations in air around the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The degree of soil heavy metal contamination and the water heavy metal hazard index were respectively evaluated. The contamination degrees of two sampling areas around the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau reached extremely high levels with soil mCd (modified degree of contamination) values exceeding 20. Surprisingly, over 54% of sampling areas showed moderate or more serious soil contamination degree (mCd>1.5). Moreover, the hazard indexes of two important rivers were 1.56 and 7.59, reaching unacceptable level. The potential risk might be beyond our expectation. Therefore, it should be an urgent and top priority to identify and confirm possible pollution sources around the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Then, it is imperative to implement feasible and effective environmental quality control strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dongping Duan
- Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohu Wen
- Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Guo
- Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, People's Republic of China
| | - Brian J Boman
- Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945-3138, USA
| |
Collapse
|