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Zhang J, Cheng H, Zhu Y, Xie S, Shao X, Wang C, Chung SK, Zhang Z, Hao K. Exposure to Airborne PM 2.5 Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions Induces a Wide Array of Reproductive Toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:4092-4103. [PMID: 38373958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs, primarily NH4+, SO42-, and NO3-) are major components in ambient PM2.5, but their reproductive toxicity remains largely unknown. An animal study was conducted where parental mice were exposed to PM2.5 WSIIs or clean air during preconception and the gestational period. After delivery, all maternal and offspring mice lived in a clean air environment. We assessed reproductive organs, gestation outcome, birth weight, and growth trajectory of the offspring mice. In parallel, we collected birth weight and placenta transcriptome data from 150 mother-infant pairs from the Rhode Island Child Health Study. We found that PM2.5 WSIIs induced a broad range of adverse reproductive outcomes in mice. PM2.5 NH4+, SO42-, and NO3- exposure reduced ovary weight by 24.22% (p = 0.005), 14.45% (p = 0.048), and 16.64% (p = 0.022) relative to the clean air controls. PM2.5 SO42- exposure reduced the weight of testicle by 5.24% (p = 0.025); further, mice in the PM2.5 SO42- exposure group had 1.81 (p = 0.027) fewer offspring than the control group. PM2.5 NH4+, SO42-, and NO3- exposure all led to lower birth than controls. In mice, 557 placenta genes were perturbed by exposure. Integrative analysis of mouse and human data suggested hypoxia response in placenta as an etiological mechanism underlying PM2.5 WSII exposure's reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jushan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, China 200092
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China 200072
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China 200092
| | - Haoxiang Cheng
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Yujie Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China 200072
| | - Shuanshuan Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China 200072
| | - Xiaowen Shao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China 200072
| | - Changhui Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China 200072
| | - Sookja Kim Chung
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Zhongyang Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Ke Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, China 200092
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China 200072
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China 200092
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Gluščić V, Žužul S, Pehnec G, Jakovljević I, Smoljo I, Godec R, Bešlić I, Milinković A, Alempijević SB, Frka S. Sources, Ionic Composition and Acidic Properties of Bulk and Wet Atmospheric Deposition in the Eastern Middle Adriatic Region. TOXICS 2023; 11:551. [PMID: 37505517 PMCID: PMC10383331 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric bulk and wet deposition samples were collected simultaneously at the background coastal site in the Eastern Middle Adriatic region in order to assess the impact of major ions (Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, Na+, K+, NH4+, Mg2+, Ca2+) on deposition acidity and distinguish the main sources. Higher ion levels were observed during the cold period, especially for Cl-, Na+, Mg2+ and K+. Dust intrusion caused significant increases in levels of Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+, while open-fire events increased the levels of K+. Deposition acidity showed seasonal differences as well as the influence of dust intrusion. Low ionic balance ratios indicated acidic deposition properties and the presence of organic anions. The highest neutralization ability was found for Ca2+, Na+ and NH4+. Several natural (marine, crustal) and anthropogenic sources were determined, as well as the formation of secondary aerosols. Wet deposition was characterized by higher contribution of sea salt fraction compared to bulk deposition and lower contribution of crustal fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gluščić
- Environmental Hygiene Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Silva Žužul
- Environmental Hygiene Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordana Pehnec
- Environmental Hygiene Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Jakovljević
- Environmental Hygiene Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva Smoljo
- Environmental Hygiene Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ranka Godec
- Environmental Hygiene Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Bešlić
- Environmental Hygiene Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrea Milinković
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Saranda Bakija Alempijević
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Frka
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Zhang J, Cheng H, Di Narzo A, Zhu Y, Xie S, Shao X, Zhang Z, Chung SK, Hao K. Profiling Microbiota from Multiple Sites in the Respiratory Tract to Identify a Biomarker for PM 2.5 Nitrate Exposure-Induced Pulmonary Damages. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:7346-7357. [PMID: 37133311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The microbiota present in the respiratory tract (RT) responds to environmental stimuli and engages in a continuous interaction with the host immune system to maintain homeostasis. A total of 40 C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups and exposed to varying concentrations of PM2.5 nitrate aerosol and clean air. After 10 weeks of exposure, assessments were conducted on the lung and airway microbiome, lung functions, and pulmonary inflammation. Additionally, we analyzed data from both mouse and human respiratory tract (RT) microbiomes to identify possible biomarkers for PM2.5 exposure-induced pulmonary damages. On average, 1.5 and 13.5% inter-individual microbiome variations in the lung and airway were explained by exposure, respectively. In the airway, among the 60 bacterial OTUs (operational taxonomic units) > 0.05% proportion, 40 OTUs were significantly affected by PM2.5 exposure (FDR ≤ 10%). Further, the airway microbiome was associated with peak expiratory flow (PEF) (p = 0.003), pulmonary neutrophil counts (p = 0.01), and alveolar 8-OHdG oxidative lesions (p = 0.0078). The Clostridiales order bacteria showed the strongest signals. For example, the o_Clostridiales;f_;g_ OTU was elevated by PM2.5 nitrate exposure (p = 4.98 × 10-5) and negatively correlated with PEF (r = -0.585 and p = 2.4 × 10-4). It was also associated with the higher pulmonary neutrophil count (p = 8.47 × 10-5) and oxidative lesion (p = 7.17 × 10-3). In human data, we confirmed the association of airway Clostridiales order bacteria with PM2.5 exposure and lung function. For the first time, this study characterizes the impact of PM2.5 exposure on the microbiome of multiple sites in the respiratory tract (RT) and its relevance to airflow obstructive diseases. By analyzing data from both humans and mice, we have identified bacteria belonging to the Clostridiales order as a promising biomarker for PM2.5 exposure-induced decline in pulmonary function and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jushan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Haoxiang Cheng
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029-6574, United States
| | - Antonio Di Narzo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029-6574, United States
| | - Yujie Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Shuanshuan Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xiaowen Shao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Zhongyang Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029-6574, United States
| | - Sookja Kim Chung
- Medical Faculty, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Ke Hao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029-6574, United States
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Zhang J, Cheng H, Di Narzo A, Zhu Y, Shan M, Zhang Z, Shao X, Chen J, Wang C, Hao K. Within- and cross-tissue gene regulations were disrupted by PM 2.5 nitrate exposure and associated with respiratory functions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 850:157977. [PMID: 35964746 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenesis of complex diseases often involves multiple organs/tissue-types. To date, the PM2.5 exposure's toxic effects and induced disease risks were not studied at multi-tissue level. METHODS C57BL/6 mice (n = 40) were exposed to PM2.5 NO3- and clean air, respectively, and afterwards assessed respiratory functions and transcriptome in relevant tissues: blood and lung. We constructed within- and cross-tissue gene regulation networks and identified network modules associated with exposure and respiratory functions. RESULTS PM2.5 NO3- exposure elevated naïve B cells proportion in blood (p = 0.0028). Among the 6000 highest expressed genes in blood, 18.8 % (1133 genes) were altered by exposure at p ≤ 0.05 level, among which 763 genes were also associated with respiratory function (enrichment folds = 7.63, p = 2.7E-189). The exposure disrupted blood genes were primarily in the immunoregulation pathways. Both within- and cross-tissue gene network modules were perturbed by exposure and associated with respiratory function. An immunodeficiency related cross-tissue module of 555 genes was affected by exposure (p = 0.0023) and strongly correlated with FEV0.05/FVC (r = 0.61 and p = 3E-5). CONCLUSIONS This study aims to fill in a major knowledge gap and investigated the effect of PM2.5 exposure simultaneously in multiple tissues. We provided novel evidence that PM2.5 NO3- exposure profoundly perturbed within- and cross-tissue gene regulations, and highlighted their roles in the etiology of respiratory decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jushan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoxiang Cheng
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antonio Di Narzo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yujie Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Zhongyang Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaowen Shao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Changhui Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Sema4, Stamford, CT, USA.
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Characterization of Imidazole Compounds in Aqueous Secondary Organic Aerosol Generated from Evaporation of Droplets Containing Pyruvaldehyde and Inorganic Ammonium. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13060970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Imidazole compounds are important constituents of atmospheric brown carbon. The imidazole components of aqueous secondary organic aerosol (aqSOA) that are generated from the evaporation of droplets containing pyruvaldehyde and inorganic ammonium are on-line characterized by an aerosol laser time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ALTOFMS) and off-line detected by optical spectrometry in this study. The results demonstrated that the laser desorption/ionization mass spectra of aqSOA particles that were detected by ALTOFMS contained the characteristic mass peaks of imidazoles at m/z = 28 (CH2N+), m/z = 41 (C2H3N+) and m/z = 67 (C3H4N2+). Meanwhile, the extraction solution of the aqSOA particles that were measured by off-line techniques showed that the characteristic absorption peaks at 217 nm and 282 nm appeared in the UV-Vis spectrum, and the stretching vibration peaks of C-N bond and C=N bond emerged in the infrared spectrum. Based on these spectral information, 4-methyl-imidazole and 4-methyl-imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde are identified as the main products of the reaction between pyruvaldehyde and ammonium ions. The water evaporation accelerates the formation of imidazoles inside the droplets, possibly owing to the highly concentrated environment. Anions, such as F−, CO32−, NO3−, SO42− and Cl− in the aqueous phase promote the reaction of pyruvaldehyde and ammonium ions to produce imidazole products, resulting in the averaged mass absorption coefficient (<MAC>) in the range of 200–600 nm of aqSOA increases, and the order of promotion is: F− > CO32− > SO42− ≈ NO3− ≈ Cl−. These results will help to analyze the constituents and optics of imidazoles and provide a useful basis for evaluating the formation process and radiative forcing of aqSOA particles.
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Analysis of the Diurnal Changes in the Water-Soluble Ion Concentration in Wuhan between 2016 and 2019. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13040582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study uses online monitoring data from the Hubei Environmental Monitoring Center’s Atmospheric Compound Pollution Automatic Monitoring Station from 2016 to 2019 to analyze the diurnal changes in the concentration of water-soluble ions in particulate matter in Wuhan. During the study period, the concentrations of SO2, NO3−, and SO42− changed significantly, while those of NH4+, NH3, and Ca2+ exhibited minimal differences. SO2 and NO3− showed an annually increasing trend, while NH4+ and SO42− exhibited an annually decreasing trend. The ion concentration was generally higher in the winter and spring and lower in the summer and autumn. The concentration of water-soluble ions was generally higher during the day than at night. However, the “weekend effect” on the change in ion concentrations was substantial and higher during the day than at night. This effect was the strongest for NO3− and the weakest for NH3. These changes in the weekend effect of water-soluble ions in particulate matter clearly revealed the impact of periodic human activities on atmospheric pollution. Taken together, the results of this novel study reveal the diurnal pollution characteristics and “weekend effect” of water-soluble ions with high concentrations in atmospheric aerosols in Wuhan over a four-year period, thus providing relevant insights for Wuhan’s atmospheric mitigation plan.
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Zhang J, Cheng H, Wang D, Zhu Y, Yang C, Shen Y, Yu J, Li Y, Xu S, Song X, Zhou Y, Chen J, Fan L, Jiang J, Wang C, Hao K. Revealing consensus gene pathways associated with respiratory functions and disrupted by PM2.5 nitrate exposure at bulk tissue and single cell resolution. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 280:116951. [PMID: 33780843 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrate is a major pollutant component in ambient PM2.5. It is known that chronic exposure to PM2.5 NO3- damages respiratory functions. We aim to explore the underlying toxicological mechanism at single cell resolution. METHODS We systematically conducted exposure experiments on forty C57BL/6 mice, assessed respiratory functions, and profiled lung transcriptome. . Afterward, we estimated the cell type compositions from RNA-seq data using deconvolution analysis. The genes and pathways associated with respiratory function and dysregulated by to PM2.5 NO3- exposure were characterized at bulk-tissue and single-cell resolution. RESULTS PM2.5 NO3- exposure did not significantly modify the cell type composition in lung, but profoundly altered the gene expression within each cell type. At ambient concentration (22 μg/m3), exposure significantly (FDR<10%) altered 95 genes' expression. Among the genes associated with respiratory functions, a large fraction (74.6-91.7%) were significantly perturbed by PM2.5 NO3- exposure. For example, among the 764 genes associated with peak expiratory flow (PEF), 608 (79.6%) were affected by exposure (p = 1.92e-345). Pathways known to play role in lung disease pathogenesis, including circadian rhythms, sphingolipid metabolism, immune response and lysosome, were found significantly associated with respiratory functions and disrupted by PM2.5 NO3- exposure. CONCLUSIONS This study extended our knowledge of PM2.5 NO3- exposure's effect to the levels of lung gene expression, pathways, lung cell type composition and cell specific transcriptome. At single cell resolution, we provided insights in toxicological mechanism of PM2.5 NO3- exposure and subsequent pulmonary disease risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jushan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoxiang Cheng
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dongbin Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaolian Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lihong Fan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingkun Jiang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Changhui Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Zhang J, Cheng H, Wang D, Zhu Y, Yang C, Shen Y, Yu J, Li Y, Xu S, Zhang S, Song X, Zhou Y, Chen J, Jiang J, Fan L, Wang C, Hao K. Chronic Exposure to PM 2.5 Nitrate, Sulfate, and Ammonium Causes Respiratory System Impairments in Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:3081-3090. [PMID: 33566583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble inorganic (WSI) ions are major components of ambient air PM2.5 (particulate matter of diameter ≤2.5 μm); however, their potential health effects are understudied. On C57BL/6 mice, we quantified the effect of three major PM2.5 WSIs (NO3-, SO42-, and NH4+) on respiratory systems. Exposure scenarios include different WSI types, concentrations, animal development stages (young vs adult), and sex. The exposure effects were comprehensively assessed, with special focus on the respiratory function and tissue/cell level changes. Chronic PM2.5 NO3- exposure produced significant respiratory function decline, mainly presented as airflow obstruction. The decline was more profound in young mice than in adult mice. In young mice, exposure to 22 μg/m3 PM2.5 NO3- reduced FEV0.05 (forced expiratory volume in 0.05 s) by 11.3% (p = 9.6 × 10-3) and increased pulmonary neutrophil infiltration by 7.9% (p = 7.1 × 10-3). Causality tests identified that neutrophil infiltration was involved in the biological mechanism underlying PM2.5 NO3- toxicity. In contrast, the effects of PM2.5 SO42- were considerably weaker than NO3-. PM2.5 NO3- exposure was 3.4 times more potent than PM2.5 SO42- in causing reduction of the peak expiratory flow. PM2.5 NH4+ exposure had no statistically significant effects on the respiratory function. In summary, this study provided strong evidence on the adverse impacts of PM2.5 WSIs, where the impacts were most profound in young mice exposed to PM2.5 NO3-. If confirmed in humans, toxicity of PM2.5 WSI will have broad implications in environment health and policy making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jushan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Haoxiang Cheng
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029, New York, United States
| | - Dongbin Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yujie Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yuan Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Shumin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaolian Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029, New York, United States
| | - Jingkun Jiang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lihong Fan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Changhui Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029, New York, United States
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Yang L, Zhou Q, Zhang H, Zhang X, Xing W, Wang Y, Bai P, Yamauchi M, Chohji T, Zhang L, Hayakawa K, Toriba A, Tang N. Atmospheric Behaviour of Polycyclic and Nitro-Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions in Winter in Kirishima, a Typical Japanese Commercial City. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:E688. [PMID: 33466956 PMCID: PMC7830530 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Kirishima is a typical Japanese commercial city, famous for frequent volcanic activity. This is the first study to determine the characteristics of PM2.5-bound polycyclic and nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs and NPAHs) and water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) in this city. In this study, the non-volcanic eruption period was taken as the target and daily PM2.5 samples were collected from 24 November to 21 December 2016. The daily concentrations in PM2.5 of ƩPAHs, ƩNPAHs, and ƩWSIIs ranged from 0.36 to 2.90 ng/m3, 2.12 to 22.3 pg/m3, and 1.96 to 11.4 μg/m3, respectively. Through the results of the diagnostic ratio analyses of the PAHs, NPAHs, and WSIIs and the backward trajectory analysis of the air masses arriving in Kirishima, the emission sources of PAHs, NPAHs, and WSIIs in PM2.5 in Kirishima were influenced by the coal burning that came from the East Asian continent, although there was no influence from volcanic emission sources during the sampling period. The total benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)-equivalent concentration was lower than many other cities but the health risks in Kirishima were nonetheless notable. These findings are very important for future research on PM samples during the inactive Asian monsoon and volcanic eruption periods, to further understand the characteristics of air pollutants in Kirishima, and to contribute to the improvement in health of residents and a reduction in the atmospheric circulation of air pollutants in East Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (L.Y.); (Q.Z.); (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (W.X.); (Y.W.); (P.B.)
| | - Quanyu Zhou
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (L.Y.); (Q.Z.); (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (W.X.); (Y.W.); (P.B.)
| | - Hao Zhang
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (L.Y.); (Q.Z.); (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (W.X.); (Y.W.); (P.B.)
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (L.Y.); (Q.Z.); (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (W.X.); (Y.W.); (P.B.)
| | - Wanli Xing
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (L.Y.); (Q.Z.); (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (W.X.); (Y.W.); (P.B.)
| | - Yan Wang
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (L.Y.); (Q.Z.); (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (W.X.); (Y.W.); (P.B.)
| | - Pengchu Bai
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (L.Y.); (Q.Z.); (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (W.X.); (Y.W.); (P.B.)
| | - Masahito Yamauchi
- National Institute of Technology, Kagoshima College, Hayatocho, Kirishima 899-5193, Japan; (M.Y.); (T.C.)
| | - Tetsuji Chohji
- National Institute of Technology, Kagoshima College, Hayatocho, Kirishima 899-5193, Japan; (M.Y.); (T.C.)
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (L.Z.); (K.H.)
| | - Kazuichi Hayakawa
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (L.Z.); (K.H.)
| | - Akira Toriba
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan;
| | - Ning Tang
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (L.Z.); (K.H.)
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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10
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Characterization of Atmospheric PM2.5 Inorganic Aerosols Using the Semi-Continuous PPWD-PILS-IC System and the ISORROPIA-II. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11080820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A semi-continuous monitoring system, a parallel plate wet denuder and particle into liquid sampler coupled with ion chromatography (PPWD-PILS-IC), was used to measure the hourly precursor gases and water-soluble inorganic ions in ambient particles smaller than 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) for investigating the thermodynamic equilibrium of aerosols using the ISORROPIA-II thermodynamic equilibrium model. The 24-h average PPWD-PILS-IC data showed very good agreement with the daily data of the manual 5 L/min porous-metal denuder sampler with R2 ranging from 0.88 to 0.98 for inorganic ions (NH4+, Na+, K+, NO3−, SO42−, and Cl−) and 0.89 to 0.98 for precursor gases (NH3, HNO3, HONO, and SO2) and slopes ranging from 0.94 to 1.17 for ions and 0.87 to 0.95 for gases, respectively. In addition, the predicted ISORROPIA-II results were in good agreement with the hourly observed data of the PPWD-PILS-IC system for SO42− (R2 = 0.99 and slope = 1.0) and NH3 (R2 = 0.97 and slope = 1.02). The correlation of the predicted results and observed data was further improved for NH4+ and NO3− with the slope increasing from 0.90 to 0.96 and 0.95 to 1.09, respectively when the HNO2 and NO2− were included in the total nitrate concentration (TN = [NO3−] + [HNO3] + [HONO] + [NO2−]). The predicted HNO3 data were comparable to the sum of the observed [HNO3] and [HONO] indicating that HONO played an important role in the thermodynamic equilibrium of ambient PM2.5 aerosols but has not been considered in the ISORROPIA-II thermodynamic equilibrium model.
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