1
|
Li L, Niu X, Zhang D, Ye X, Zhang Z, Liu Q, Ding L, Chen K, Chen Y, Chen K, Shi Z, Lin Z. A systematic review on percarbonate-based advanced oxidation processes in wastewater remediation: From theoretical understandings to practical applications. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 259:121842. [PMID: 38820735 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Percarbonate encompasses sodium percarbonate (SPC) and composite in-situ generated peroxymonocarbonate (PMC). SPC emerges as a promising alternative to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hailed for its superior transportation safety, stability, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendliness, thereby becoming a staple in advanced oxidation processes for mitigating water pollution. Yet, scholarly literature scarcely explores the deployment of percarbonate-AOPs in eradicating organic contaminants from aquatic systems. Consequently, this review endeavors to demystify the formation mechanisms and challenges associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) in percarbonate-AOPs, alongside highlighting directions for future inquiry and development. The genesis of ROS encompasses the in situ chemical oxidation of activated SPC (including iron-based activation, discharge plasma, ozone activation, photon activation, and metal-free materials activation) and composite in situ chemical oxidation via PMC (namely, H2O2/NaHCO3/Na2CO3, peroxymonosulfate/NaHCO3/Na2CO3 systems). Moreover, the ROS generated by percarbonate-AOPs, such as •OH, O2•-, CO3•-, HO2•-, 1O2, and HCO4-, can work individually or synergistically to disintegrate target pollutants. Concurrently, this review systematically addresses conceivable obstacles posing percarbonate-AOPs in real-world application from the angle of environmental conditions (pH, temperature, coexisting substances), and potential ecological toxicity. Considering the outlined challenges and advantages, we posit future research directions to amplify the applicability and efficacy of percarbonate-AOPs in tangible settings. It is anticipated that the insights provided in this review will catalyze the progression of percarbonate-AOPs in water purification endeavors and bridge the existing knowledge void.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Niu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, PR China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Dongqing Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, PR China.
| | - Xinyao Ye
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhilin Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lei Ding
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243032, China
| | - Kun Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, PR China
| | - Yang Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, PR China
| | - Kunyang Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, PR China
| | - Zhaocai Shi
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhang Lin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aouni SI, Ghodbane H, Merouani S, Lakikza I, Boublia A, Yadav KK, Djelloul C, Albakri GS, Elboughdiri N, Benguerba Y. Removal enhancement of persistent basic fuchsin dye from wastewater using an eco-friendly, cost-effective Fenton process with sodium percarbonate and waste iron catalyst. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33845-2. [PMID: 38904874 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33845-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
In this comprehensive investigation, we evaluate the efficacy of the Fenton process in degrading basic fuchsin (BF), a resistant dye. Our primary focus is on the utilization of readily available, environmentally benign, and cost-effective reagents for the degradation process. Furthermore, we delve into various operational parameters, including the quantity of sodium percarbonate (SPC), pH levels, and the dimensions of waste iron bars, to optimize the treatment efficiency. In the course of our research, we employed an initial SPC concentration of 0.5 mM, a pH level of 3, a waste iron bar measuring 3.5 cm in length and 0.4 cm in diameter, and a processing time of 10 min. Our findings reveal the successful elimination of the BF dye, even when subjected to treatment with diverse salts and surfactants under elevated temperatures and acidic conditions (pH below 3). This underscores the robustness of the Fenton process in purifying wastewater contaminated with dye compounds. The outcomes of our study not only demonstrate the efficiency of the Fenton process but highlight its adaptability to address dye contamination challenges across various industries. Critically, this research pioneers the application of waste iron bars as a source of iron in the Fenton reaction, introducing a novel, sustainable approach that enhances the environmental and economic viability of the process. This innovative use of recycled materials as catalysts represents a significant advancement in sustainable chemical engineering practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saoussen Imene Aouni
- Laboratory of Physics for Matter and Radiation, Mohamed Cherif Messadia-Souk Ahras University, P.O. Box 1553, 41000, Souk Ahras, Algeria
| | - Houria Ghodbane
- Laboratory of Physics for Matter and Radiation, Mohamed Cherif Messadia-Souk Ahras University, P.O. Box 1553, 41000, Souk Ahras, Algeria
| | - Slimane Merouani
- Laboratory of Environmental Process Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Process Engineering, University Salah Boubnider-Constantine 3, P.O. Box 72, 25000, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Imane Lakikza
- Laboratory of Physics for Matter and Radiation, Mohamed Cherif Messadia-Souk Ahras University, P.O. Box 1553, 41000, Souk Ahras, Algeria
| | - Abir Boublia
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Hauts Polymères (LPCHP), Département de Génie des Procédés, Faculté de Technologie, Université Ferhat ABBAS Sétif-1, 19000, Sétif, Algeria
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Ratibad, Bhopal, 462044, India
- Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah, 64001, Iraq
| | - Chawki Djelloul
- Laboratory of Reaction Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Process Engineering, USTHB, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Ghadah Shukri Albakri
- Department of Teaching and Learning, College of Education and Human Development, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noureddine Elboughdiri
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, 81441, Saudi Arabia
- Chemical Engineering Process Department, National School of Engineers Gabes, University of Gabes, 6029, Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Yacine Benguerba
- Laboratoire de Biopharmacie Et Pharmacotechnie (LBPT), Ferhat Abbas Setif 1 University, Setif, Algeria.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xiong Y, Lai J, Liu Z, Song M. Synergetic conditioning via oxalic acid enhanced Fe 2+/CaO 2 and skeleton construct to achieve deep dewatering of sewage sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142115. [PMID: 38657689 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) with highly hydrophilic groups and sludge with high compressibility are determined sludge dewaterability. Herein, Fe2+ catalyzed calcium peroxide (CaO2) assisted by oxalic acid (OA) Fenton-like process combined with coal slime was applied to improve sludge dewaterability. Results demonstrated that the sludge treated by 0.45/1/1.1-OA/Fe2+/CaO2 mM/g DS, the water content (WC), specific resistance to filtration and capillary suction time dropped to 53.01%, 24.3 s and 1.2 × 1012 m/kg, respectively. Under coal slime ratio as 0.6, WC and compressibility were further reduced to 42.72% and 0.66, respectively. The hydroxyl radicals generated by OA/Fe2+/CaO2 under near-neutral pH layer by layer collapsed EPS, resulting in the degradation and migration of inner releasing components and the exposure of inner sludge flocs skeleton. The hydrophilic tryptophan-like protein of TB-EPS were degraded into aromatic protein of S-EPS and exposed inner hydrophobic sites. The protein secondary structures were transformed by destroying hydrophilic functional groups, which were attributed to the reducing α-helix ratio and reconstructing β-sheet. Moreover, coal slime as the skeleton builder lowered compressibility and formed more macropores to increase the filterability of pre-oxidized sludge for the higher intensity of rigid substances. This study deepened the understanding of OA enhanced Fenton-like system effects on sludge dewaterability and proposed a cost-effective and synergistic waste treatment strategy in sludge dewatering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Jiahao Lai
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Zonghao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Min Song
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ma M, Duan W, Huang X, Zeng D, Hu L, Gui W, Zhu G, Jiang J. Application of calcium peroxide in promoting resource recovery from municipal sludge: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 354:141704. [PMID: 38490612 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The harmless disposal, resource recovery, and synergistic efficiency reduction of municipal sludge have been the research focuses for the last few years. Calcium peroxide (CaO2) is a multifunctional and safe peroxide that produces an alkaline oxidation environment to promote the fermentation of municipal sludge to produce hydrogen (H2) and volatile fatty acids (VFAs), thus realizing sludge resource recovery. This review outlines the research achievements of CaO2 in sludge resource recovery, improvement of sludge dewaterability, and removal of pollutants from sludge in recent years. Meanwhile, the mechanism of CaO2 and its influencing factors have also been comprehensively summarized. Finally, the future development direction of the application of CaO2 in municipal sludge is prospected. This review would provide theoretical reference for the potential engineering applications of CaO2 in improving sludge treatment in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengsha Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Weiyan Duan
- Ocean College of Hebei Agricultural University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resources Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Daojing Zeng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Liangshan Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Wenjing Gui
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Gaoming Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Jiahong Jiang
- New York University, New York, NY, 10012, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen Y, Tian L, Liu W, Mei Y, Xing QJ, Mu Y, Zheng LL, Fu Q, Zou JP, Wu D. Controllable Pyridine N-Oxidation-Nucleophilic Dechlorination Process for Enhanced Dechlorination of Chloropyridines: The Cooperation of HCO 4- and HO 2. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:4438-4449. [PMID: 38330552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Dechlorination of chloropyridines can eliminate their detrimental environmental effects. However, traditional dechlorination technology cannot efficiently break the C-Cl bond of chloropyridines, which is restricted by the uncontrollable nonselective species. Hence, we propose the carbonate species-activated hydrogen peroxide (carbonate species/H2O2) process wherein the selective oxidant (peroxymonocarbonate ion, HCO4-) and selective reductant (hydroperoxide anion, HO2-) controllably coexist by manipulation of reaction pH. Taking 2-chloropyridine (Cl-Py) as an example, HCO4- first induces Cl-Py into pyridine N-oxidation intermediates, which then suffer from the nucleophilic dechlorination by HO2-. The obtained dechlorination efficiencies in the carbonate species/H2O2 process (32.5-84.5%) based on the cooperation of HCO4- and HO2- are significantly higher than those in the HO2--mediated sodium hydroxide/hydrogen peroxide process (0-43.8%). Theoretical calculations confirm that pyridine N-oxidation of Cl-Py can effectively lower the energy barrier of the dechlorination process. Moreover, the carbonate species/H2O2 process exhibits superior anti-interference performance and low electric energy consumption. Furthermore, Cl-Py is completely detoxified via the carbonate species/H2O2 process. More importantly, the carbonate species/H2O2 process is applicable for efficient dehalogenation of halogenated pyridines and pyrazines. This work offers a simple and useful strategy to enhance the dehalogenation efficiency of halogenated organics and sheds new insights into the application of the carbonate species/H2O2 process in practical environmental remediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resources & Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Lei Tian
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, P. R. China
| | - Wen Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yi Mei
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, P. R. China
| | - Qiu-Ju Xing
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, P. R. China
| | - Yi Mu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Ling Zheng
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, P. R. China
| | - Qian Fu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Zou
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resources & Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Daishe Wu
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resources & Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337000, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Odehnalová K, Přibilová P, Maršálková E, Zezulka Š, Pochylý F, Rudolf P, Maršálek B. Hydrodynamic cavitation-enhanced activation of sodium percarbonate for estrogen removal. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 88:2905-2916. [PMID: 38096077 PMCID: wst_2023_382 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The present paper investigated the potential of hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) as an effective tool for activating sodium percarbonate (SPC). The method's efficiency was demonstrated by effectively removing estrogens, which are pollutants that have adverse impacts on aquatic ecosystems. The effects of the SPC concentration, temperature of solution, and cavitation time were evaluated. After SPC/HC treatment, the removal of estrogens was monitored by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC -MS/MS). Already after 4 s of treatment and 24 h of reaction time, more than 97% of estrogens (initial concentration of 300 ng/L) were removed. The effect of post-treatment time is not considered in several papers, even though it seems to be crucial and is discussed here. The results were supported by the values of degradation rate constants, which fit the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. We also verified that HC alone was not effective for estrogen removal under the selected conditions. The sustainability of the SPC/HC system was evaluated based on electric energy per order calculation. The combination of SPC and HC is a promising approach for rapidly degrading micropollutants such as estrogenic compounds without the need for additional technological steps, such as pH or temperature adjustment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klára Odehnalová
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, Brno 60200, Czech Republic E-mail:
| | - Petra Přibilová
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, Brno 60200, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Maršálková
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, Brno 60200, Czech Republic
| | - Štěpán Zezulka
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, Brno 60200, Czech Republic
| | - František Pochylý
- Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, V. Kaplan Department of Fluid Engineering, Technická 2896/2, Brno 61669, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Rudolf
- Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, V. Kaplan Department of Fluid Engineering, Technická 2896/2, Brno 61669, Czech Republic
| | - Blahoslav Maršálek
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, Brno 60200, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang T, Chen Y, Wang T, Liu C, He D, Liu B, Liu Y. Efficient removal of petroleum hydrocarbons from soil by percarbonate with catechin-promoted Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox cycling: Activation of ferrous and roles of ·OH and ·CO 3. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130875. [PMID: 36731317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes are widely used to remove petroleum hydrocarbons from soil, but usually consume large quantities of ferrous and acidify the soil. This study tested an advanced oxidation approach based on percarbonate in laboratory experiments. It removed 88% petroleum hydrocarbons in soil with a pH increase from 8.2 to 10.2. ·OH and ·CO3- were the main reactive species, and degraded 41% and 37% PHCs from soil respectively. The o-dihydroxybenzene structure in catechin was found to reduce ferric to ferrous, and prolong the generation of ·OH from 120 s to over 1800 s. The petroleum hydrocarbons were degraded to intermediates including alkanes and olefins through hydrogen-abstraction by ·OH and ·CO3-, and by dimerization and β-scission of alkyl radicals. These intermediates were then oxidized to CO2 and H2O by ·OH and ·CO3-. The main residual intermediates in the soil were low-molecular-weight n-alkanes and branched alkanes, and they were found to inhibit the growth of oats (Avena sativa L.) much less than the original petroleum hydrocarbons. These findings provide a fundamental basis for designing effective technologies which use percarbonate to remove organic pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Dan He
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Deng J, Cai A, Ling X, Sun Q, Zhu T, Li Q, Li X, Chen W. Comparison of UV and UV-LED activated sodium percarbonate for the degradation of O-desmethylvenlafaxine. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 126:656-667. [PMID: 36503791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As an active metabolite of venlafaxine and emerging antidepressant, O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODVEN) was widely detected in different water bodies, which caused potential harm to human health and environmental safety. In this study, the comparative work on the ODVEN degradation by UV (254 nm) and UV-LED (275 nm) activated sodium percarbonate (SPC) systems was systematically performed. The higher removal rate of ODVEN can be achieved under UV-LED direct photolysis (14.99%) than UV direct photolysis (4.57%) due to the higher values of photolysis coefficient at the wavelength 275 nm. Significant synergistic effects were observed in the UV/SPC (80.38%) and UV-LED/SPC (53.57%) systems and the former exhibited better performance for the elimination of ODVEN. The degradation of ODVEN all followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics well in these processes, and the pseudo-first-order rate constant (kobs) increased with increasing SPC concentration. Radicals quenching experiments demonstrated that both ·OH and CO3·- were involved in the degradation of ODVEN and the second-order rate constant of ODVEN with CO3·- (1.58 × 108 (mol/L)-1 sec-1) was reported for the first time based on competitive kinetic method. The introduction of HA, Cl-, NO3- and HCO3- inhibited the ODVEN degradation to varying degrees in the both processes. According to quantum chemical calculation, radical addition at the ortho-position of the phenolic hydroxyl group was confirmed to be the main reaction pathways for the oxidation of ODVEN by ·OH. In addition, the oxidation of ODVEN may involve the demethylation, H-abstraction, OH-addition and C-N bond cleavage. Eventually, the UV-LED/SPC process was considered to be more cost-effective compared to the UV/SPC process, although the UV/SPC process possessed a higher removal rate of ODVEN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Deng
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Anhong Cai
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Xiao Ling
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Affilicated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Tianxin Zhu
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Qingsong Li
- Water Resources and Environmental Institute, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xueyan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Weizhu Chen
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Xiamen 361005, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Huo M, Zou D, Lin Y, Lou Y, Liu G, Li S, Chen L, Yuan B, Zhang Q, Hou A. Enhanced degradation of emerging contaminants by percarbonate/Fe(II)-ZVI process: case study with nizatidine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:53309-53322. [PMID: 36854942 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25876-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals have recently emerged as a significant environmental concern due to the growth of population, expansion of industry, and the shift in modern lifestyles. Herein, we present a Fe(II)/percarbonate (SPC) process with dramatically enhanced efficiency by the introduction of zerovalent iron (ZVI). After the addition of ZVI, the removal rate of nizatidine (NZTD) went up from 71.7 to 84.2%. The removal rate of NZTD decreases with rising pH and speeds up with increasing temperature. It was found that under the condition of pH = 7 and T = 25 °C, the molar ratio of the optimal concentration of NZTD degradation in the system was [NZTD]0:[SPC]0:[Fe(II)]0:[ZVI]0 = 1:8:24:16, with a degradation rate of 99.8%. At the same time, target pollutants can also be successfully eliminated from actual water bodies. Moreover, we test for toxicity using luminescent bacteria, and the results demonstrate that the system is capable of effectively decreasing the toxicity of NZTD. The research findings can contribute to the clarification of the migration and transformation law of NZTD in the oxidation process, thereby providing a scientific basis and technical support for the removal of NZTD in the tertiary water treatment for a water source.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Huo
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, China
- School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Deqiang Zou
- School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yingzi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, China.
- School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Yi Lou
- School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Gen Liu
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, No. 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Siwen Li
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, No. 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - BaoLing Yuan
- School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Ao Hou
- School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li Y, Dong H, Xiao J, Li L, Chu D, Hou X, Xiang S, Dong Q, Zhang H. Advanced oxidation processes for water purification using percarbonate: Insights into oxidation mechanisms, challenges, and enhancing strategies. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130014. [PMID: 36152542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Percarbonate (SPC) has drawn considerable attention due to its merits in the safety of handling and transport, stability, and price as well as environmental friendliness, which has been extensively applied in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for water decontamination. Nevertheless, comprehensive information on the application of SPC-AOPs for the treatment of organic compounds in aquatic media is scarce. Hence, the focus of this review is to shed light on the mechanisms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) evolution in typical SPC-AOPs (i.e., Fenton-like oxidation, photo-assisted oxidation, and discharge plasma-involved oxidation processes). These SPC-AOPs enable the formation of multiple reactive species like hydroxyl radical (•OH), superoxide radical (O2•-), singlet oxygen (1O2), carbonate radicals (CO3•-), and peroxymonocarbonate (HCO4-), which together or solely contribute to the degradation of target pollutants. Simultaneously, the potential challenges in practical applications of SPC-AOPs are systematically discussed, which include the influence of water quality parameters, cost-effectiveness, available active sites, feasible activation approaches, and ecotoxicity. Subsequently, enhancing strategies to improve the feasibility of SPC-AOPs in the practical implementation are tentatively proposed, which can be achieved by introducing reducing and chelating agents, developing novel activation approaches, designing multiple integrated oxidation processes, as well as alleviating the toxicity after SPC-AOPs treatment. Accordingly, future perspectives and research gaps in SPC-AOPs are elucidated. This review will hopefully offer valuable viewpoints and promote the future development of SPC-AOPs for actual water purification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangju Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Haoran Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
| | - Junyang Xiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Long Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Dongdong Chu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Xiuzhen Hou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Shuxue Xiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Qixia Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Haoxuan Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Türk OK, Adalar G, Yazici Guvenc S, Can-Güven E, Varank G, Demir A. Photodegradation of oxytetracycline by UV-assisted persulfate and percarbonate processes: kinetics, influencing factors, anion effect, and radical species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:869-883. [PMID: 35904739 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22229-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the performance of ultraviolet (UV)-assisted persulfate (PS) and percarbonate (PC) oxidation processes in oxytetracycline (OTC) removal was investigated. UVC lamps were used for the photolysis process and the effect of operating parameters (initial pH, oxidant dose, initial OTC concentration, UV intensity) on OTC removal efficiency was determined. Control experiments were carried out at pH 5.5 and 32 W UV power for 60 min by adding a 4 mM oxidant with 10 mg/L initial OTC concentration. The OTC removal efficiency obtained as a result of only photolysis was 17.3% and the removal efficiency obtained by PS and PC oxidation alone was 18.3% and 12.7%, respectively. The OTC removal efficiencies increased in the combined processes and reached 58.1% and 69.9% for the UV-PS and UV-PC processes, respectively. The reaction rates of the processes were ranked as UV-PC > UV-PS > PS > UV > PC. In the UV-PS and UV-PC processes, the highest removal efficiencies were achieved at alkaline pH values. The OTC removal efficiency was increased with the increase in oxidant dose; however, the efficiency decreased after a certain dose due to the scavenging effect. The removal efficiency also increased as the initial OTC concentration decreased. The UV intensity had a positive effect on OTC removal efficiency. The effect of the water matrix on OTC removal efficiency was investigated while the dominant radical types were determined in UV-assisted processes. The EE/O values for the UV-PS and UV-PC processes were calculated as 211 kWh/m3 and 153 kWh/m3, respectively for 60 min of reaction time. Although similar removal efficiencies were obtained with both UV-assisted processes, the UV-PC process steps forward in terms of being a novel, environmentally friendly, more economic, and promising technology for OTC removal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oruç Kaan Türk
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Instanbul, 34220, Turkey
| | - Gizem Adalar
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Instanbul, 34220, Turkey
| | - Senem Yazici Guvenc
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Instanbul, 34220, Turkey.
| | - Emine Can-Güven
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Instanbul, 34220, Turkey
| | - Gamze Varank
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Instanbul, 34220, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Demir
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Instanbul, 34220, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Qi L, Xiao B, Kong L, Xu Y, Yang J, Zuo G. Decontamination of mustard sulfur and VX by sodium percarbonate complexed with 1-acetylguanidine as a novel activator. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 87:336-346. [PMID: 36640041 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The peroxide-based decontaminants had attracted great attention for degradation of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) because of their high performance, non-corrosive and environmental-friendly merits. Hydrogen peroxide can be activated by some organic activators to enhance the oxidation ability. In this work, a novel formula based on sodium percarbonate (SPC) complexed with 1-acetylguanidine (ACG) was investigated for decontamination of sulfur mustard (HD) and VX as CWAs. In the experimental results, the active species acetyl peroxide imide acid in the formula aqueous solution was detected in situ by Raman and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The optimized conditions of the decontamination formula (SPC/ACG) were suggested that, the molar ratio of active oxygen and activator ([O]/[ACG]) was 1:1 while the pH value of the formula aqueous solution was about 9. To achieve the decontamination percentage over 99%, the molar ratio of active oxygen to CWA ((O)/(CWA)) needed to be at least 3 for HD and 7 for VX. Meanwhile, the degradation products detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and ion chromatography (IC) indicated that the oxidation and elimination reactions should have occurred on HD molecule, while the degradation of VX mainly originate from the nucleophilic substitution and oxidation reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Qi
- Institute of NBC Defense, P.O. Box 1048, Beijing 102205, China E-mail: ; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Boren Xiao
- Institute of NBC Defense, P.O. Box 1048, Beijing 102205, China E-mail: ; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Lingce Kong
- State Key Lab of NBC Protection for Civilian, P.O. Box 1043, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Institute of NBC Defense, P.O. Box 1048, Beijing 102205, China E-mail:
| | - Jinxing Yang
- Institute of NBC Defense, P.O. Box 1048, Beijing 102205, China E-mail:
| | - Guomin Zuo
- Institute of NBC Defense, P.O. Box 1048, Beijing 102205, China E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Guo H, Tian L, Wang Y, Zheng K, Hou J, Zhao Y, Zhu T, Liu Y. Enhanced anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge with periodate-based pretreatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 13:100208. [PMID: 36388632 PMCID: PMC9640319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2022.100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The potential of periodate (PI) in sludge anaerobic digestion is not tapped, although it has recently attracted great research interest in organic contaminants removal and pathogens inactivation in wastewater treatment. This is the first work to demonstrate significant improvement in methane generation from waste activated sludge (WAS) with PI pretreatment and to provide underlying mechanisms. Biochemical methane potential tests indicated that methane yield enhanced from 100.2 to 146.3 L per kg VS (VS, volatile solids) with PI dosages from 0 to 100 mg per g TS (TS, total solids). Electron spin resonance showed PI could be activated without extra activator addition, which might be attributed to the native transition metals (e.g., Fe2+) in WAS, thereby generating hydroxyl radical (•OH), superoxide radicals (•O2 -), and singlet oxygen (1O2). Further scavenging tests demonstrated all of them synergistically promoted WAS disintegration, and their contributions were in the order of •O2 - > •OH > 1O2, leading to the release of substantial biodegradable substances (i.e., proteins and polysaccharides) into the liquid phase for subsequent biotransformation. Moreover, fluorescence and ultraviolet spectroscopy analyses indicated the recalcitrant organics (especially lignocellulose and humus) could be degraded by reducing their aromaticity under oxidative stress of PI, thus readily for methanogenesis. Microbial community analysis revealed some microorganisms participating in hydrolysis, acidogenesis, and acetoclastic methanogenesis were enriched after PI pretreatment. The improved key enzyme activities and up-regulated metabolic pathways further provided direct evidence for enhanced methane production. This research was expected to broaden the application scope of PI and provide more diverse pretreatment choices for energy recovery through anaerobic digestion.
Collapse
|
14
|
Biocides with Controlled Degradation for Environmentally Friendly and Cost-Effective Fecal Sludge Management. BIOLOGY 2022; 12:biology12010045. [PMID: 36671737 PMCID: PMC9855048 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) and polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) exhibit high antimicrobial activity and are widely used as biocidal agents in chemical toilet additives for the management of fecal sludge (FS). Disposal of such biocide-treated FS to a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is a major environmental problem. It is possible to reduce environmental damage through the use of biocidal agents, which easily decompose after performing their main biocidal functions. In this work, it is proposed to use the fact of a gradual increase in pH of FS from the initial 7.5 to 9.0-10.0 due to the decomposition of urea. Six biocidal compounds were selected that are capable of rapidly degrading in an alkaline environment and one that naturally degrades upon prolonged incubation. Four of them: bronopol (30 mg/L), DBNPA (500 mg/L), Sharomix (500 mg/L), and sodium percarbonate (6000 mg/L) have shown promise for environmentally friendly management of FS. In selected dosage, they successfully reduced microbial activity under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions and are cost-effective. After 10 days of incubation, degradation of the biocide occurred as measured by biological oxygen demand (BOD5) in biocide-treated FS. Such FS can be discharged to WWTP without severe damage to the activated sludge process, the need for dilution and additional procedures to neutralize toxicity.
Collapse
|
15
|
Effective removal of furfural by ultraviolet activated persulfate, peroxide, and percarbonate oxidation: Focus on influencing factors, kinetics, and water matrix effect. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
16
|
Wang Y, Wang X, Zheng K, Guo H, Tian L, Zhu T, Liu Y. Ultrasound-sodium percarbonate effectively promotes short-chain carboxylic acids production from sewage sludge through anaerobic fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 364:128024. [PMID: 36174896 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain carboxylic acids (SCCAs) production from sewage sludge via anaerobic fermentation is usually restricted by low substrates availability and rapid products consumption. Therefore, the ultrasound (US)-sodium percarbonate (SPC) technique was proposed to effectively break the bottlenecks. Results showed the total SCCAs yield, acetate yield and particulate organics reduction respectively attained 392.8 mg COD/g VSS, 204.6 mg COD/g VSS and 47.4 % under the optimal condition. Mechanistic explorations disclosed that US + SPC largely reduced biodegradation resistances of particulate organics and improved sludge biodegradability. The destruction of spatial structure was the inherent mechanisms for initial solubilization and further degradation of solid-phase sludge. Besides, US + SCP up-regulated hydrolytic and SCCAs-forming enzymes, but downregulated the key enzyme for methanation. Meanwhile, US + SPC altered the microbial structure and stimulated functional microorganism enrichment, well correlated with substrate biotransformation and products output. Overall, this strategy could effectively enhance SCCAs production from WAS and reduce the environmental risk for subsequent sludge disposal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Kaixin Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Haixiao Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lixin Tian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| |
Collapse
|