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Haslam SA, Fong P, Haslam C, Cruwys T. Connecting to Community: A Social Identity Approach to Neighborhood Mental Health. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2024; 28:251-275. [PMID: 38146705 PMCID: PMC11193917 DOI: 10.1177/10888683231216136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
ACADEMIC ABSTRACT Integrative theorizing is needed to advance our understanding of the relationship between where a person lives and their mental health. To this end, we introduce a social identity model that provides an integrated explanation of the ways in which social-psychological processes mediate and moderate the links between neighborhood and mental health. In developing this model, we first review existing models that are derived primarily from a resource-availability perspective informed by research in social epidemiology, health geography, and urban sociology. Building on these, the social identity model implicates neighborhood identification in four key pathways between residents' local environment and their mental health. We review a wealth of recent research that supports this model and which speaks to its capacity to integrate and extend insights from established models. We also explore the implications of the social identity approach for policy and intervention. PUBLIC ABSTRACT We need to understand the connection between where people live and their mental health better than we do. This article helps us do this by presenting an integrated model of the way that social and psychological factors affect the relationship between someone's neighborhood and their mental health. This model builds on insights from social epidemiology, health geography, and urban sociology. Its distinct and novel contribution is to point to the importance of four pathways through which neighborhood identification shapes residents' mental health. A large body of recent research supports this model and highlights its potential to integrate and expand upon existing theories. We also discuss how our model can inform policies and interventions that seek to improve mental health outcomes in communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Polly Fong
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Tegan Cruwys
- The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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van Dick R, Frenzel SB, Erkens VA, Häusser JA, Haslam SA, Mojzisch A, Steffens NK, Junker NM. Reduced loneliness mediates the effects of multiple group identifications on well-being. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 62:1693-1714. [PMID: 37166233 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Membership of multiple groups and identification with those groups have been found to be positively related to individuals' health and well-being. The present research sought to replicate this finding in two large, representative samples. Moreover, we sought to extend previous work by shedding light on the mechanisms mediating the effects of multiple group membership on positive health outcomes. Specifically, we proposed that the links between multiple group membership and positive health outcomes are mediated by reduced feelings of loneliness. In Study 1, a two-wave survey of a German population, participants (N = 989) were asked about their identification with family, friends, neighbourhood, their country and humanity and 4 weeks later about feelings of loneliness, physical health and stress. As hypothesized, multiple identifications predicted lower stress. They were also associated with a marginal reduction in physical symptoms of poor health. Both relationships were mediated by the absence of loneliness. In Study 2, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of German participants (N = 1635), which also included a sixth target of identification (Europe). Results replicated findings from Study 1 and also found similar relations associated with smaller (family, friends and neighbourhood) versus larger (country, Europe and Humanity) foci of identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf van Dick
- Department of Social Psychology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Svenja B Frenzel
- Department of Social Psychology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Valerie A Erkens
- Department of Social Psychology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jan A Häusser
- Department of Social Psychology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - S Alexander Haslam
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andreas Mojzisch
- Psychology Department, University Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Niklas K Steffens
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nina M Junker
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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3
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Häusser J, Abdel Hadi S, Reichelt C, Mojzisch A. The reciprocal relationship between social identification and social support over time: A four-wave longitudinal study. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 62:456-466. [PMID: 35758709 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
It has been argued that the positive effect of a shared social identity on health and well-being critically hinges on the interplay between social identity and social support. This interplay, however, is poorly understood. Building on Haslam et al., we argue that their relationship can be conceptualized as being reciprocal and dynamic with each variable influencing the other. The present study is the first to examine how the reciprocal relationship between social identification and perceived social support unfolds over time. In a sample of university freshmen (NT1 = 172), we examined this reciprocal relationship in a four-wave survey study spanning over a period of 13 months. In line with Haslam et al., the results revealed a self-reinforcing cycle with social identification at T1 being positively related to perceived social support at T2, which, in turn, was positively related to social identification at T3, which predicted perceived social support at T4. In conclusion, our study advances knowledge regarding the interplay between social identity and social support over time and, hence, contributes to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the social cure effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Häusser
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Charlene Reichelt
- Institute of Psychology, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Mojzisch
- Institute of Psychology, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
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Caricati L, De vito M, Panari C. The role of group identification, self‐ and collective efficacy on secondary traumatic stress and general health in a sample of emergency medical service volunteers. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Caricati
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries University of Parma Parma Italy
| | - Martina De vito
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries University of Parma Parma Italy
| | - Chiara Panari
- Department of Economics and Management University of Parma Parma Italy
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Frenzel SB, Kaluza AJ, Junker NM, van Dick R. Sweet as Sugar-How Shared Social Identities Help Patients in Coping with Diabetes Mellitus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10508. [PMID: 36078223 PMCID: PMC9518400 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Social identification is health-beneficial as social groups provide social support (i.e., the social cure effect). We study this social cure effect in diabetes patients by focusing on two relevant sources of social support, namely medical practitioners (MP) and fellow patients. As both groups have diabetes-specific knowledge, we predict that sharing an identity with them provides access to specific support, which, in turn, optimizes individuals' diabetes management and reduces diabetes-related stress. We further predict that identifying with their MP or fellow patients will be more strongly related to perceived social support among individuals with lower diabetes-specific resilience because they pay more attention to supportive cues. We tested this moderated mediation model in a two-wave study with n = 200 diabetes patients. Identification with the MP related to more support, which, in turn, was related to better diabetes management and less diabetes-specific stress. Identification with fellow patients related to more support; however, social support was unrelated to diabetes management and stress. Resilience only moderated the relationship between MP identification and support, as people with lower resilience levels reported more support from their MP. This study shows the importance of social identification with the MP and other diabetes patients, especially for people with lower resilience levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja B. Frenzel
- Department of Social Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Antonia J. Kaluza
- Department of Social Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nina M. Junker
- Department of Social Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Rolf van Dick
- Department of Social Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
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Kärner T, Weiß JK, Heinrichs K. A social perspective on resilience: social support and dyadic coping in teacher training. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH IN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING 2021; 13:24. [PMID: 34956423 PMCID: PMC8685166 DOI: 10.1186/s40461-021-00126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stress in teaching and teacher training is a well-known issue and stress management during teacher training may not only be affected by individual coping efforts, but also determined by private and work-related networks the individual is integrated in. In that regard, our article aims firstly to identify sources of social support in the German teacher training system and secondly to analyze interdependencies in dyadic coping interactions based on the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model. On the basis of questionnaire data from 307 German trainees and qualified teachers from vocational and general schools, we found that mentors, partners, fellow trainees, colleagues at school, parents, and good friends were named as the most supportive reference persons during teacher training. In a follow-up survey, data from 49 sources of support were obtained, which could be assigned to the corresponding (trainee) teachers (in the sense of support recipients). These dyads thus form the basis for the analysis of dyadic coping interdependencies. The results of the moderator analyses show, among other things, that support recipients who prefer the coping strategy palliative emotion regulation tend to react rather sensitively to contrary coping strategies of the source of support with regard to their stress symptoms. Social interactions in this respect can represent both protective as well as risk factors. Therefore, a system of complex social interdependencies must be considered when analyzing relational resilience among prospective teachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kärner
- Chair of Economic and Business Education (560A), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 47, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Julia Katharina Weiß
- Chair of Economic and Business Education (560A), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 47, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Karin Heinrichs
- University of Education Upper Austria, Kaplanhofstr. 40, 4020 Linz, Austria
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Self-soothing touch and being hugged reduce cortisol responses to stress: A randomized controlled trial on stress, physical touch, and social identity. COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2021; 8:100091. [PMID: 35757667 PMCID: PMC9216399 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Being touched by others improves stress coping. However, when touch from others is unavailable, feels uncomfortable, or is not considered to be safe (as in the COVID-19 pandemic), self-touch gestures, like placing a hand on the heart, may provide an alternative way to experience less strain. Methods and materials In this study, 159 healthy participants (96 women, 62 men, and 1 non-binary person), aged 18–35 years, were exposed to a standardized psychosocial stressor (Trier Social Stress Test) to investigate whether self-soothing touch or receiving a hug from others has a buffering effect on their stress responses. In addition, the study explored whether the effectiveness of these interventions is moderated by participants' assignment to a “personal” or “social” identity condition. Participants provided salivary cortisol samples, wore an ECG to record their heart rate, and completed self-report measures on stress-related subjective-emotional states during the study. Results For cortisol, mixed-effects regression models with Touch and Identity as between-subject factors and Time as the within-subject factor yielded a significant main effect for touch and a significant interaction of Touch x Time indicating that cortisol levels differed between the experimental touch interventions. Post-hoc contrast tests showed that participants in both touch conditions had lower cortisol levels after the stressor than those in the control conditions. Heart rates and self-reported measures of stress neither differed across touch nor identity conditions. The three-way interaction for Touch x Identity x Time was non-significant for either outcome measure. Discussion These results are in line with previous work indicating that physical touch has protective effects on physiological stress responses but not necessarily on self-reported stress and suggest that self-soothing touch and receiving hugs are simple and yet potentially powerful means for buffering individuals' resilience against stress. Self-soothing touch gestures reduce cortisol responses to psychosocial stress. Receiving hugs also reduces cortisol responses to psychosocial stress. Benefits from receiving hugs are independent of social identification. Self-soothing touch might reduce stress-responses in times of limited social resources.
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Rudert SC, Gleibs IH, Gollwitzer M, Häfner M, Hajek KV, Harth NS, Häusser JA, Imhoff R, Schneider D. Us and the Virus. EUROPEAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. From a social psychological perspective, the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated protective measures affected individuals’ social relations and basic psychological needs. We aim to identify sources of need frustration (stressors) and possibilities to bolster need satisfaction (buffers). Particularly, we highlight emerging empirical research in which social psychological theorizing can contribute to our understanding of the pandemic’s social consequences: Loneliness, social networks, role conflicts, social identity, compliance, trust, reactance, and conspiracy beliefs. We highlight directions for future social psychological research as the pandemic continues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma C. Rudert
- Department of Social, Environmental, and Economic Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany
| | - Ilka H. Gleibs
- Department of Psychological and Behavioural Science, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Gollwitzer
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
| | - Michael Häfner
- Communication Psychology, Berlin University of the Arts, Germany
| | | | - Nicole S. Harth
- Department of Social Work, University of Applied Sciences Jena, Germany
| | - Jan A. Häusser
- Department of Psychology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
| | - Roland Imhoff
- Social and Legal Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Dana Schneider
- Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Germany
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Bergin N, Richardson N. 'Sheds for Life': getting the balance right in delivering health promotion through Sheds in Ireland. Health Promot Int 2021; 36:605-615. [PMID: 32830228 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daaa082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Men with the poorest health outcomes are, paradoxically, the least likely to access health services or to engage with health promotion interventions. This has focused attention on developing gender-sensitive and strengths-based approaches to engage so-called 'hard-to-reach' men. Men's Sheds ('Sheds') are recognized as an alternative space in which to engage older and more marginalized groups of men in health. The aim of this study was to establish key principles that could align the ethos of Sheds with a national health promotion initiative ('Sheds for Life'; SFL) in terms of methods of engagement, programme content and models of delivery. Qualitative methods incorporating semi-structured interviews, focus groups and observations were conducted with men in Sheds ('Shedders'; n = 38), oversight/advisory groups (n = 11) and partner organizations (n = 8). The principles of grounded theory were used to inform data collection and analysis. Findings revealed a range of mediating factors in terms of how Shedders engage with or 'do' health that were grounded in a recognition of the health-enhancing 'essence' of Sheds and in 'making men's health men's business'. Key learnings arising from the process of engaging with Shedders included the importance of investing in relationships, establishing credibility and tailoring SFL programme content and delivery to individual Sheds. In terms of conceptualizing SFL, attention was drawn to the need for a coherent and formalized SFL strategy and 'rules of engagement', as well as a robust and sustainable system for implementation. This is the first study that informs a more systematic and formal approach to health promotion in Sheds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Bergin
- National Centre for Men's Health, Institute of Technology Carlow, Ireland
| | - Noel Richardson
- National Centre for Men's Health, Institute of Technology Carlow, Ireland
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10
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Zito M, Bilucaglia M, Fici A, Gabrielli G, Russo V. Job Assessment Through Bioelectrical Measures: A Neuromanagement Perspective. Front Psychol 2021; 12:673012. [PMID: 34456790 PMCID: PMC8387828 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.673012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During recruitment, human resource departments face two challenges: finding the right people for the job and attracting talent. Therefore, the hiring process requires both the ability to communicate a good company brand image and to understand the characteristics and potential of candidates. In this study, we used a neuroscientific approach to measure the experience of candidates during a job interview. The experiment involved 30 participants that individually took part in a job interview lasting 40 min. During the experiment, their engagement and stress levels were measured in real-time with skin conductance and electroencephalographic (EEG) data. From the results, we identified both the most stressful phases (the second and the fourth parts, relating to the explanation of the job and remuneration) and the most engaging phases (the first and the third phases, relating to the presentation of the company and the explanation of the career process) of the interview, suggesting implications for the assessment process. This study is a contribution to the field of neuromanagement, as a neuroscientific approach was applied to management issues in light of work and organizational psychology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Zito
- Department of Business, Law, Economics and Consumer Behavior “Carlo A. Ricciardi,” Università IULM, Milan, Italy
- Behavior and Brain Lab IULM, Neuromarketing Research Center, Università IULM, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bilucaglia
- Department of Business, Law, Economics and Consumer Behavior “Carlo A. Ricciardi,” Università IULM, Milan, Italy
- Behavior and Brain Lab IULM, Neuromarketing Research Center, Università IULM, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fici
- Department of Business, Law, Economics and Consumer Behavior “Carlo A. Ricciardi,” Università IULM, Milan, Italy
- Behavior and Brain Lab IULM, Neuromarketing Research Center, Università IULM, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gabrielli
- Department of Business, Law, Economics and Consumer Behavior “Carlo A. Ricciardi,” Università IULM, Milan, Italy
- Behavior and Brain Lab IULM, Neuromarketing Research Center, Università IULM, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Russo
- Department of Business, Law, Economics and Consumer Behavior “Carlo A. Ricciardi,” Università IULM, Milan, Italy
- Behavior and Brain Lab IULM, Neuromarketing Research Center, Università IULM, Milan, Italy
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Abstract
For decades, scholars in organizational and social psychology have distinguished between two types of identity: social and personal. To what extent, though, is this dichotomy useful for understanding identities and their dynamics, and might a different approach facilitate deeper insight? Such are the guiding questions of this article. I begin by reviewing framings of the social/personal identity dichotomy in organizational psychology, and tracing its origins and evolution in social psychology. I then evaluate the strengths and limitations of this dichotomy as a tool for understanding identities. In an attempt to retain the dichotomy’s strengths and overcome its limitations, I present a modified conceptualization of the social and personal dimensions of identity, one that defines these dimensions based on psychological experience (not identity content), and treats them as two independent continua (not two levels of a dichotomy, or opposing ends of a continuum) that any given identity varies along across contexts. Plain language summary A single person can identify with lots of different aspects of their life: their family, community, job, and hobbies, to name but a few. In the same way it helps to group different items in a shop into sections, it can be helpful to group the different identities available to people into categories. And for a long time, this is what researchers have done: calling certain identities “social identities” if based on things like race and culture, and “personal identities” if based on things like traits and habits. In this paper, I explain that for various reasons, this might not be the most accurate way of mapping identities. Instead of categorizing them based on where they come from, I suggest it’s more helpful to focus on how identities actually make people feel, and how these feelings change from one moment to the next. I also point out that many identities can make someone feel like a unique person and part of a broader group at the same time. For this reason, it’s best to think of the “social” and “personal” parts of an identity not as opposites—but simply different aspects of the same thing.
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12
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Frenzel SB, Junker NM, Avanzi L, Bolatov A, Haslam SA, Häusser JA, Kark R, Meyer I, Mojzisch A, Monzani L, Reicher S, Samekin A, Schury VA, Steffens NK, Sultanova L, Van Dijk D, van Zyl LE, Van Dick R. A trouble shared is a trouble halved: The role of family identification and identification with humankind in well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 61:55-82. [PMID: 34132410 PMCID: PMC8420363 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The COVID‐19 pandemic has triggered health‐related anxiety in ways that undermine peoples’ mental and physical health. Contextual factors such as living in a high‐risk area might further increase the risk of health deterioration. Based on the Social Identity Approach, we argue that social identities can not only be local that are characterized by social interactions, but also be global that are characterized by a symbolic sense of togetherness and that both of these can be a basis for health. In line with these ideas, we tested how identification with one’s family and with humankind relates to stress and physical symptoms while experiencing health‐related anxiety and being exposed to contextual risk factors. We tested our assumptions in a representative sample (N = 974) two‐wave survey study with a 4‐week time lag. The results show that anxiety at Time 1 was positively related to stress and physical symptoms at Time 2. Feeling exposed to risk factors related to lower physical health, but was unrelated to stress. Family identification and identification with humankind were both negatively associated with subsequent stress and family identification was negatively associated with subsequent physical symptoms. These findings suggest that for social identities to be beneficial for mental health, they can be embodied as well as symbolic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja B Frenzel
- Department of Social Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nina M Junker
- Department of Social Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Avanzi
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Italy
| | - Aidos Bolatov
- Department of Biochemistry, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Jan A Häusser
- Department of Social Psychology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
| | - Ronit Kark
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,School of Business, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Ines Meyer
- School of Management Studies, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Lucas Monzani
- Ivey Business School, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Stephen Reicher
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, UK
| | - Adil Samekin
- Department of Psychology of Religion and Pedagogy, International Islamic Academy of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Valerie A Schury
- Department of Social Psychology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Liliya Sultanova
- Department of Psychology, Branch of Moscow State University Named for M.V. Lomonosov in Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Dina Van Dijk
- Department of Health Systems Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Llewellyn E van Zyl
- Department of Social Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany.,Human Performance Management, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands.,Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa.,Department of HRM, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf Van Dick
- Department of Social Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
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13
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Junker NM, van Dick R, Häusser JA, Ellwart T, Zyphur MJ. The I and We of Team Identification: A Multilevel Study of Exhaustion and (In)congruence Among Individuals and Teams in Team Identification. GROUP & ORGANIZATION MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/10596011211004789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The social identity approach to stress proposes that the beneficial effects of social identification develop through individual and group processes, but few studies have addressed both levels simultaneously. Using a multilevel person–environment fit framework, we investigate the group-level relationship between team identification (TI) and exhaustion, the individual-level relationship for people within a group, and the cross-level moderation effect to test whether individual-level exhaustion depends on the level of (in)congruence in TI between individuals and their group as a whole. We test our hypotheses in a sample of 525 employees from 82 teams. Multilevel polynomial regression analysis revealed a negative linear relationship between individual-level identification and exhaustion. Surprisingly, the relation between group-level identification and exhaustion was curvilinear, indicating that group-level identification was more beneficial at low and high levels compared with medium levels. As predicted, the cross-level moderation of the individual-level relationship by group-level identification was also significant, showing that as individuals became more incongruent in a positive direction (i.e., they identified more strongly than the average team member), they reported less exhaustion, but only if the group-level identification was average or high. These results emphasize the benefits of analyzing TI in a multilevel framework, with both theoretical and practical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rolf van Dick
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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14
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Hussein S, Sadeh Y, Dekel R, Shadmi E, Brezner A, Landa J, Silberg T. Using a biopsychosocial approach to examine differences in post-traumatic stress symptoms between Arab and Jewish Israeli mothers following a child's traumatic medical event. Int J Equity Health 2021; 20:89. [PMID: 33789674 PMCID: PMC8011398 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-021-01429-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parents of children following traumatic medical events (TMEs) are known to be at high risk for developing severe post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Findings on the negative impact of TMEs on parents’ PTSS have been described in different cultures and societies. Parents from ethnic minority groups may be at particularly increased risk for PTSS following their child’s TME due to a host of sociocultural characteristics. Yet, differences in PTSS manifestation between ethnic groups following a child’s TME has rarely been studied. Objectives We aimed to examine: (1) differences in PTSS between Israeli-Arab and Israeli-Jewish mothers, following a child’s TME, and (2) risk and protective factors affecting mother’s PTSS from a biopsychosocial approach. Methods Data were collected from medical files of children following TMEs, hospitalized in a Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, between 2008 and 2018. The sample included 47 Israeli-Arab mothers and 47 matched Israeli-Jewish mothers. Mothers completed the psychosocial assessment tool (PAT) and the post-traumatic diagnostic scale (PDS). Results Arab mothers perceived having more social support than their Jewish counterparts yet reported higher levels of PTSS compared to the Jewish mothers. Our prediction model indicated that Arab ethnicity and pre-trauma family problems predicted higher levels of PTSS among mothers of children following TMEs. Conclusions Despite reporting higher social support, Arab mothers reported higher levels of PTSS, as compared to the Jewish mothers. Focusing on ethnic and cultural differences in the effects of a child’s TME may help improve our understanding of the mental-health needs of mothers from different minority groups and aid in developing appropriate health services and targeted interventions for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sewar Hussein
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Yaara Sadeh
- The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Rachel Dekel
- The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Efrat Shadmi
- The Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, Faculty of Social Welfare & Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Amichai Brezner
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Jana Landa
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamar Silberg
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel. .,Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
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15
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Avanzi L, Perinelli E, Bressan M, Balducci C, Lombardi L, Fraccaroli F, van Dick R. The mediational effect of social support between organizational identification and employees' health: a three-wave study on the social cure model. ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING 2021; 34:465-478. [PMID: 33403860 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2020.1868443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research postulated that organizational identification plays an important role in employees' health and well-being. Building on the Social Identity Approach as a framework, we test the so-called social cure hypothesis, according to which group-based processes of social support should reduce employees' psychological distress. DESIGN AND METHODS While there is a considerable amount of cross-sectional evidence concerning the positive role played by organizational identification in this dynamic, there is a lack of full panel studies. This study tries to fill this gap by using data from a sample of technical and administrative staff of a University in Italy at three time points (N = 96). Data were analyzed using Autoregressive Cross-Lagged Panel models. RESULTS We found support for the hypothesized longitudinal mediational model. Specifically, strongly identified employees tend to receive more social support, and this in turn reduces psychological distress over time. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first test of the social cure hypothesis in an organizational context that uses a panel study design. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications for management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Avanzi
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Italy
| | - Enrico Perinelli
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Italy
| | - Marco Bressan
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, LPC, Marseille, France
| | | | - Luigi Lombardi
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Italy
| | - Franco Fraccaroli
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Italy
| | - Rolf van Dick
- Department of Social Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
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16
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Ageing well in a foreign land: group memberships protect older immigrants’ wellbeing through enabling social support and integration. AGEING & SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x20001695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Despite the numerous challenges of ageing in a foreign land, many older immigrants are fairly resilient and report experiencing good wellbeing. The key question that the present paper addresses is how this is achieved. Drawing on frameworks from cross-cultural and social identity literatures, the present study proposes and tests a model of serial multiple mediation that identifies possible mechanisms supporting the wellbeing of older immigrants who have resided in the host country for some time. In this model, it is predicted that new group memberships acquired post-migration enable access to social support that in turn provides the basis for perceived integration, which enhances wellbeing. This model was tested in a survey study with 102 older people, whose mean age was 80.3 years and who had migrated to Australia from Asian, European, and Central and South American countries on average 36 years previously. The survey assessed cultural identity, social group memberships acquired post-migration, perceived social support, perceived integration and wellbeing. Results supported the hypothesised model, indicating that joining new heritage culture and wider groups in Australia post-migration provided a platform for social support and integration, which enhanced life satisfaction and reduced loneliness. The implications of these findings for theory and adapting successfully to both migration and ageing are discussed.
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17
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Schury VA, Nater UM, Häusser JA. The social curse: Evidence for a moderating effect of shared social identity on contagious stress reactions. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 122:104896. [PMID: 33091760 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Contagious stress describes the transmission of a stress response from a distressed individual (target) to an uninvolved observer. Building on social identity theory, we hypothesize that a shared social identity between the observer and the target as compared to a personal identity increases the likelihood of contagious endocrine and psychological stress responses. Participants underwent the experiment in groups of four or five individuals. After experimentally inducing either a shared social identity or a personal identity, one participant in each group (Ntarget = 27) was randomly chosen to undergo the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), while being observed by the rest of the group (Nobserver = 89). Salivary cortisol and psychological stress responses were assessed repeatedly during the experiment. As predicted, the likelihood of cortisol stress reactions was significantly higher in the social identity condition (25 %) as compared to the personal identity condition (7 %). No effect of our manipulation on psychological stress responses was found. We also tested whether observers' trait empathy moderates contagious stress and found no support for this moderation.
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18
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Abstract
Life change affects health. Research aimed at understanding the consequences of life change has primarily focused on the important roles played by stress, social support, individual differences, and broader socioeconomic factors in shaping health outcomes, most notably mental health decline. In this review we extend these accounts by exploring social identity-based determinants of adjustment to life change. We do so by drawing on social identity theorizing and, in particular, the Social Identity Model of Identity Change (SIMIC). This points to the importance of multiple, maintained, new, and compatible group memberships as determinants of people's responses and adjustment to life change. We apply this model to understand the health consequences of adjustment to life change in four diverse areas: pursuit of higher education, migration, trauma and resilience, and recovery from illness and injury. Finally, we provide direction for future research on SIMIC and the health consequences of life change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Haslam
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - S Alexander Haslam
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Jolanda Jetten
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Tegan Cruwys
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Niklas K Steffens
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD 4072, Australia;
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19
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Ciftci EE, Barreto M, Doyle DM, Breen J, Darden S. Distancing or drawing together: Sexism and organisational tolerance of sexism impact women's social relationships at work. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuela Barreto
- University of Exeter Exeter UK
- Lisbon University Institute (CIS/ISCTE‐IUL) Lisbon Portugal
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20
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Caricati L, Panari C, Melleri M. Group identification and self‐efficacy associated with quality of life in emergency medical services volunteers: A cross‐sectional investigation. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Caricati
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries University of Parma Parma Italy
| | - Chiara Panari
- Department of Economics and Management University of Parma Parma Italy
| | - Marta Melleri
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries University of Parma Parma Italy
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21
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Hartwig A, Clarke S, Johnson S, Willis S. Workplace team resilience: A systematic review and conceptual development. ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2041386620919476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Workplace team resilience has been proposed as a potential asset for work teams to maintain performance in the face of adverse events. Nonetheless, the research on team resilience has been conceptually and methodologically inconsistent. Taking a multilevel perspective, we present an integrative review of the workplace team resilience literature to identify the conceptual nature of team resilience and its unique value over and above personal resilience as well as other team concepts. We advance resilience research by providing a new multilevel model of team resilience that offers conceptual clarification regarding the relationship between individual-level and team-level resilience. The results of our review may form the basis for the development of a common operationalization of team resilience, which facilitates new empirical research examining ways that teams can improve their adversity management in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sara Willis
- Alliance Manchester Business School, The University of Manchester, UK
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22
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Mojzisch A, Frisch JU, Doehne M, Reder M, Häusser JA. Interactive effects of social network centrality and social identification on stress. Br J Psychol 2020; 112:144-162. [PMID: 32314803 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to integrate the social identity approach to health and well-being with social network analysis. Previous research on the effects of social network centrality on stress has yielded mixed results. Building on the social identity approach, we argued that these mixed results can be explained, in part, by taking into account the degree to which individuals identify with the social network. We hence hypothesized that the effects of social network centrality on stress are moderated by social identification. Using a full roster method, we assessed the social network of first-year psychology students right after the start of their study programme and three months later. The effects of network centrality (betweenness, closeness, eigenvector centrality) and social identification on stress were examined using structural equation models. As predicted, our results revealed a significant interaction between network centrality and social identification on stress: For weakly or moderately identified students, network centrality was positively related to stress. By contrast, for strongly identified students, network centrality was unrelated to stress. In conclusion, our results point to the perils of being well-connected yet not feeling like one belongs to a group.
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23
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Häusser JA, Junker NM, Dick R. The
how
and the
when
of the social cure: A conceptual model of group‐ and individual‐level mechanisms linking social identity to health and well‐being. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nina M. Junker
- Institute of Psychology Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany
| | - Rolf Dick
- Institute of Psychology Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany
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24
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Learning of social norms can lead to a persistent perceptual bias: A diffusion model approach. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Mascret N, Vors O, Marqueste T, Casanova R, Cury F. Social support from evaluative familiar persons - a buffer against stress? Preliminary evidence of neuroendocrine and psychological responses. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2019; 32:534-544. [PMID: 31264445 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2019.1638680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Social support may have a stress-buffering effect when an individual is or could be negatively judged by others, but paradoxically may also exacerbate stress. The aim of our study was to examine these findings when social support was provided by a positive or negative evaluative audience composed of familiar and close others (teachers). Design and Methods: 84 men were confronted with the Trier Social Stress Test for Groups through a 3 (negative, positive, no-audience) x 2 (familiar, unfamiliar) experimental design with four measurement points of cortisol levels and state anxiety. We also tested whether closeness with the committee members predicted these variables for the participants in the familiar conditions. Results: Using both a frequentist and a Bayesian approach, familiarity and social support did not have stress-buffering effects (or merely anecdotal effects) on cortisol levels but buffered self-reported anxiety only for the participants faced with a supportive audience composed of familiar persons. Closeness with the experimenters was not a significant predictor of the stress responses. Conclusions: Because these results are preliminary evidence, further investigations into the relations between support provider and recipient during evaluative tasks would be worthwhile to better explain opposing findings found in this growing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Mascret
- a Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM , Marseille , France
- b SFERE-Provence, FED 4238 , Marseille , France
| | - Olivier Vors
- a Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM , Marseille , France
- b SFERE-Provence, FED 4238 , Marseille , France
| | | | - Rémy Casanova
- a Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM , Marseille , France
| | - François Cury
- a Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM , Marseille , France
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26
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Conceptual framework for social connectedness in mental disorders: Systematic review and narrative synthesis. J Affect Disord 2019; 245:188-199. [PMID: 30396057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.10.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adults with mental disorders are at a high risk of loneliness. Loneliness has been implicated in a wide variety of physical and mental health problems. Social connectedness interventions are one means to tackle loneliness but have shown mixed effectiveness. This study aims to: (1) identify existing measures of social connectedness and (2) develop a conceptual framework of social connectedness to inform future measurement and the development of new interventions. METHODS A systematic review of studies from six bibliographic databases was conducted. Studies were included if a quantitative measure of social connectedness was used amongst samples of adults with a mental disorder. Two analyses were conducted: a best evidence synthesis of measurement properties for identified measures and a narrative synthesis of items from these measures. RESULTS Twenty-eight papers were included, employing 21 different measures. Measurement properties were of poor or unknown quality. Data synthesis identified a five-dimension conceptual framework of social connectedness: Closeness, Identity and common bond, Valued relationships, Involvement and Cared for and accepted (giving the acronym CIVIC). LIMITATIONS The majority of studies were conducted in high-income countries. It was not possible to validate the conceptual framework using the identified psychometric data. CONCLUSIONS The new five-dimension framework of social connectedness in mental disorders provides the theoretical foundation for developing new measures and interventions for social connectedness.
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27
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McKimmie BM, Butler T, Chan E, Rogers A, Jimmieson NL. Reducing stress: Social support and group identification. GROUP PROCESSES & INTERGROUP RELATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1368430218818733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Three studies systematically explored the relationship between social support and group identification in the context of how individuals cope with stress. In Study 1, 101 participants took part in a simulated group task where they either received social support or not under conditions of either high or low demand. Social support was associated with higher group identification, and this mediated the effect of social support on more positive appraisals and task satisfaction. In Study 2, 83 participants were either made aware of their group membership or worked as individuals on a group task under high or low demand. In this study, group membership salience was associated with greater perceived support, which was associated with greater group identification, and subsequently more positive primary and secondary appraisals, more problem-focused coping, and task satisfaction. Study 3 assessed the perceived social support and group identification reported by 71 volleyball team members before and after a game. Results were more consistent with the notion that support and identification were two concurrent perceptions associated with being in a group, rather than identification priming the recognition of support or support increasing identification.
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28
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Junker NM, Dick R, Avanzi L, Häusser JA, Mojzisch A. Exploring the mechanisms underlying the social identity–ill‐health link: Longitudinal and experimental evidence. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 58:991-1007. [DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nina M. Junker
- Department of Social Psychology Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Rolf Dick
- Department of Social Psychology Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Germany
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29
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van Dick R, Ciampa V, Liang S. Shared identity in organizational stress and change. Curr Opin Psychol 2018; 23:20-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Butler TL, McKimmie BM, Haslam SA. The approach-avoidance dilemma at the heart of group-based support: Evidence that group identification increases willingness to seek support at the same time that identity-based support threat reduces it. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara L. Butler
- School of Psychology; University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Blake M. McKimmie
- School of Psychology; University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - S. Alexander Haslam
- School of Psychology; University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland Australia
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31
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Van Dick R, Ketturat C, Häusser JA, Mojzisch A. Two sides of the same coin and two routes for improvement: Integrating resilience and the social identity approach to well-being and ill-health. Health Psychol Open 2017; 4:2055102917719564. [PMID: 29379612 PMCID: PMC5779919 DOI: 10.1177/2055102917719564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose that resilience effectively helps people cope with stress, thus predominantly reducing the negative. However, we argue that individuals’ social identification has the potential to contribute to their well-being, thus fostering the positive. A two-wave survey study of 180 students shows that resilience is more strongly (negatively) associated with ill-health (i.e. stress and depression), whereas social identification is more strongly (positively) related to well-being (i.e. satisfaction and work engagement). We believe that it is necessary to see these two routes to improving people’s health as complementary, both in future research and for therapy and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Van Dick
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany.,Work Research Institute (AFI), Oslo, Norway
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32
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Faber NS, Häusser JA, Kerr NL. Sleep Deprivation Impairs and Caffeine Enhances My Performance, but Not Always Our Performance. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2017; 21:3-28. [PMID: 26468077 PMCID: PMC5302073 DOI: 10.1177/1088868315609487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
What effects do factors that impair or enhance performance in individuals have when these individuals act in groups? We provide a framework, called the GIE ("Effects of Grouping on Impairments and Enhancements") framework, for investigating this question. As prominent examples for individual-level impairments and enhancements, we discuss sleep deprivation and caffeine. Based on previous research, we derive hypotheses on how they influence performance in groups, specifically process gains and losses in motivation, individual capability, and coordination. We conclude that the effect an impairment or enhancement has on individual-level performance is not necessarily mirrored in group performance: grouping can help or hurt. We provide recommendations on how to estimate empirically the effects individual-level performance impairments and enhancements have in groups. By comparing sleep deprivation to stress and caffeine to pharmacological cognitive enhancement, we illustrate that we cannot readily generalize from group results on one impairment or enhancement to another, even if they have similar effects on individual-level performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Norbert L. Kerr
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
- University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
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33
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Praharso NF, Tear MJ, Cruwys T. Stressful life transitions and wellbeing: A comparison of the stress buffering hypothesis and the social identity model of identity change. Psychiatry Res 2017; 247:265-275. [PMID: 27936438 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between stressful life transitions and wellbeing is well established, however, the protective role of social connectedness has received mixed support. We test two theoretical models, the Stress Buffering Hypothesis and the Social Identity Model of Identity Change, to determine which best explains the relationship between social connectedness, stress, and wellbeing. Study 1 (N=165) was an experiment in which participants considered the impact of moving cities versus receiving a serious health diagnosis. Study 2 (N=79) was a longitudinal study that examined the adjustment of international students to university over the course of their first semester. Both studies found limited evidence for the buffering role of social support as predicted by the Stress Buffering Hypothesis; instead people who experienced a loss of social identities as a result of a stressor had a subsequent decline in wellbeing, consistent with the Social Identity Model of Identity Change. We conclude that stressful life events are best conceptualised as identity transitions. Such events are more likely to be perceived as stressful and compromise wellbeing when they entail identity loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul F Praharso
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Morgan J Tear
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Department of Psychological and Behavioural Science, London School of Economics, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom
| | - Tegan Cruwys
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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34
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Steffens NK, Haslam SA, Schuh SC, Jetten J, van Dick R. A Meta-Analytic Review of Social Identification and Health in Organizational Contexts. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2016; 21:303-335. [DOI: 10.1177/1088868316656701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We provide a meta-analytical review examining two decades of work on the relationship between individuals’ social identifications and health in organizations (102 effect sizes, k = 58, N = 19,799). Results reveal a mean-weighted positive association between organizational identification and health ( r = .21, T = .14). Analysis identified a positive relationship for both workgroup ( r = .21) and organizational identification ( r = .21), and in studies using longitudinal/experimental ( r = .13) and cross-sectional designs ( r = .22). The relationship is stronger (a) for indicators of the presence of well-being ( r = .27) than absence of stress ( r = .18), (b) for psychological ( r = .23) than physical health ( r = .16), (c) to the extent that identification is shared among group members, and (d) as the proportion of female participants in a sample decreases. Overall, results indicate that social identifications in organizations are positively associated with health but that there is also substantial variation in effect size strength. We discuss implications for theory and practice and outline a roadmap for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rolf van Dick
- Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Work Research Institute (AFI), Oslo, Norway
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35
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van Dick R, Drzensky F, Heinz M. Goodbye or Identify: Detrimental Effects of Downsizing on Identification and Survivor Performance. Front Psychol 2016; 7:771. [PMID: 27252674 PMCID: PMC4879335 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Research shows that after layoffs, employees often report decreased commitment and performance which has been coined the survivor syndrome. However, the mechanisms underlying this effect remain underexplored. The purpose of the paper is to show that reduced organizational identification can serve as an explanation for the survivor syndrome. We conducted a laboratory experiment, in which participants work as a group of employees for another participant who acts as employer. In the course of the experiment, the employer decides whether one of his or her employees should be laid off or not. Mediation analysis supports a social identity-based explanation for the emergence of the survivor syndrome: downsizing causes lower identification with the employer which in turn relates to lower performance of employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf van Dick
- Department of Psychology and Center for Leadership and Behavior in Organizations, Goethe UniversityFrankfurt, Germany
- Work Research InstituteOslo, Norway
| | | | - Matthias Heinz
- Department of Economics, University of CologneCologne, Germany
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36
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Ketturat C, Frisch JU, Ullrich J, Häusser JA, van Dick R, Mojzisch A. Disaggregating Within- and Between-Person Effects of Social Identification on Subjective and Endocrinological Stress Reactions in a Real-Life Stress Situation. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2015; 42:147-60. [PMID: 26586666 DOI: 10.1177/0146167215616804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Several experimental and cross-sectional studies have established the stress-buffering effect of social identification, yet few longitudinal studies have been conducted within this area of research. This study is the first to make use of a multilevel approach to disaggregate between- and within-person effects of social identification on subjective and endocrinological stress reactions. Specifically, we conducted a study with 85 prospective students during their 1-day aptitude test for a university sports program. Ad hoc groups were formed, in which students completed several tests in various disciplines together. At four points in time, salivary cortisol, subjective strain, and identification with their group were measured. Results of multilevel analyses show a significant within-person effect of social identification: The more students identified with their group, the less stress they experienced and the lower their cortisol response was. Between-person effects were not significant. Advantages of using multilevel approaches within this field of research are discussed.
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Frisch JU, Häusser JA, Mojzisch A. The Trier Social Stress Test as a paradigm to study how people respond to threat in social interactions. Front Psychol 2015; 6:14. [PMID: 25698987 PMCID: PMC4313597 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In our lives, we face countless situations in which we are observed and evaluated by our social interaction partners. Social-evaluative threat is frequently associated with strong neurophysiological stress reactions, in particular, an increase in cortisol levels. Yet, social variables do not only cause stress, but they can also buffer the neurophysiological stress response. Furthermore, social variables can themselves be affected by the threat or the threat-induced neurophysiological stress response. In order to study this complex interplay of social-evaluative threat, social processes and neurophysiological stress responses, a paradigm is needed that (a) reliably induces high levels of social-evaluative threat and (b) is extremely adaptable to the needs of the researcher. The Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) is a well-established paradigm in biopsychology that induces social-evaluative threat in the laboratory by subjecting participants to a mock job-interview. In this review, we aim at demonstrating the potential of the TSST for studying the complex interplay of social-evaluative threat, social processes and neurophysiological stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna U Frisch
- Institute of Psychology, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim Germany
| | - Jan A Häusser
- Institute of Psychology, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim Germany
| | - Andreas Mojzisch
- Institute of Psychology, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim Germany
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