1
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Lai PH, Hall SL, Lan YC, Ai JR, Jaberi A, Sheikhi A, Shi R, Vogt BD, Gomez ED. Upcycling plastic waste into fully recyclable composites through cold sintering. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:2718-2728. [PMID: 38506669 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01976d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Plastics have substantial societal benefits, but their widespread use has led to a critical waste management challenge. While mechanical recycling dominates the reuse of post-consumer plastics, it is limited in efficacy, especially for composites. To address this, we propose a direct reprocessing approach that enables the creation of hybrid, long-lasting, and durable composites from difficult-to-recycle plastics. This approach utilizes cold sintering, a process that consolidates inorganic powders through fractional dissolution and precipitation at temperatures far below conventional sintering; these temperatures are compatible with plastic processing. We show that this process can create inorganic-matrix composites with significant enhancements in tensile strength and toughness over pure gypsum, which is commonly found in construction waste. These composites can be recycled multiple times through direct reprocessing with the addition of only water as a processing promoter. This approach to recycling leads to composites with orders of magnitude lower energy demand, global warming potential, and water demand, when compared against common construction products. Altogether, we demonstrate the potential for cold sintering to integrate waste into high-performance recyclable composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hao Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Shelby L Hall
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Yi-Chen Lan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Jia-Ruey Ai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Arian Jaberi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Amir Sheikhi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Bryan D Vogt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Enrique D Gomez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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2
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Tabeshfar M, Nelo M, Anandakrishnan SS, Siddiqui M, Peräntie J, Tofel P, Jantunen H, Juuti J, Bai Y. Oxide-Halide Perovskite Composites for Simultaneous Recycling of Lead Zirconate Titanate Piezoceramics and Methylammonium Lead Iodide Solar Cells. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300830. [PMID: 38072621 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Global concerns over energy availability and the environment impose an urgent requirement for sustainable manufacturing, usage, and disposal of electronic components. Piezoelectric and photovoltaic components are being extensively used. They contain the hazardous element, Pb (e.g., in widely used and researched Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 and halide perovskites), but they are not being properly recycled or reused. This work demonstrates the fabrication of upside-down composite sensor materials using crushed ceramic particles recycled from broken piezoceramics, polycrystalline halide perovskite powder collected from waste dye-sensitized solar cells, and crystal particles of a Cd-based perovskite composition, C6H5N(CH3)3CdBr3 xCl3(1- x ). The piezoceramic and halide perovskite particles are used as filler and binder, respectively, to show a proof of concept for the chemical and microstructural compatibility between the oxide and halide perovskite compounds while being recycled simultaneously. Production of the recycled and reusable materials requires only a marginal energy budget while achieving a very high material densification of >92%, as well as a 40% higher piezoelectric voltage coefficient, i.e., better sensing capability, than the pristine piezoceramics. This work thus offers an energy- and environmentally friendly approach to the recycling of hazardous elements as well as giving a second life to waste piezoelectric and photovoltaic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Tabeshfar
- Microelectronics Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90570, Finland
- Infotech Institute, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90570, Finland
| | - Mikko Nelo
- Microelectronics Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90570, Finland
- Infotech Institute, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90570, Finland
| | - Sivagnana Sundaram Anandakrishnan
- Microelectronics Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90570, Finland
- Infotech Institute, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90570, Finland
| | - Maliha Siddiqui
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, Brno, 61200, Czech Republic
| | - Jani Peräntie
- Microelectronics Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90570, Finland
| | - Pavel Tofel
- Deptartment of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Brno, CZ-61600, Czech Republic
| | - Heli Jantunen
- Microelectronics Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90570, Finland
| | - Jari Juuti
- Microelectronics Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90570, Finland
| | - Yang Bai
- Microelectronics Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90570, Finland
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3
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Anandakrishnan SS, Yadav S, Tabeshfar M, Balanov V, Kaushalya T, Nelo M, Peräntie J, Juuti J, Bai Y. Toward Ecofriendly Piezoelectric Ceramics-Reduction of Energy and Environmental Footprint from Conceptualization to Deployment. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2023; 7:2300061. [PMID: 37635704 PMCID: PMC10448148 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Piezoelectric materials are widely used in electromechanical coupling components including actuators, kinetic sensors, and transducers, as well as in kinetic energy harvesters that convert mechanical energy into electricity and thus can power wireless sensing networks and the Internet of Things (IoT). Because the number of deployed energy harvesting powered systems is projected to explode, the supply of piezoelectric energy harvesters is also expected to be boosted. However, despite being able to produce green electricity from the ambient environment, high-performance piezoelectrics (i.e., piezoelectric ceramics) are energy intensive in research and manufacturing. For instance, the design of new piezoceramics relies on experimental trials, which need high process temperatures and thus cause high consumption and waste of energy. Also, the dominant element in high-performance piezoceramics is hazardous Pb, but substituting Pb with other nonhazardous elements may lead to a compromise of performance, extending the energy payback time and imposing a question of trade-offs between energy and environmental benefits. Meanwhile, piezoceramics are not well recycled, raising even more issues in terms of energy saving and environmental protection. This paper discusses these issues and then proposes solutions and provides perspectives to the future development of different aspects of piezoceramic research and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suhas Yadav
- Microelectronics Research UnitFaculty of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringUniversity of OuluOuluFI‐90570Finland
| | - Mohadeseh Tabeshfar
- Microelectronics Research UnitFaculty of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringUniversity of OuluOuluFI‐90570Finland
| | - Vasilii Balanov
- Microelectronics Research UnitFaculty of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringUniversity of OuluOuluFI‐90570Finland
| | - Tharaka Kaushalya
- Microelectronics Research UnitFaculty of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringUniversity of OuluOuluFI‐90570Finland
| | - Mikko Nelo
- Microelectronics Research UnitFaculty of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringUniversity of OuluOuluFI‐90570Finland
| | - Jani Peräntie
- Microelectronics Research UnitFaculty of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringUniversity of OuluOuluFI‐90570Finland
| | - Jari Juuti
- Microelectronics Research UnitFaculty of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringUniversity of OuluOuluFI‐90570Finland
| | - Yang Bai
- Microelectronics Research UnitFaculty of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringUniversity of OuluOuluFI‐90570Finland
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4
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Li L, Andrews J, Mitchell R, Button D, Sinclair DC, Reaney IM. Aqueous Cold Sintering of Li-Based Compounds. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:20228-20239. [PMID: 37052205 PMCID: PMC10141261 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous cold sintering of two lithium-based compounds, the electrolyte Li6.25La3Zr2Al0.25O12 (LLZAO) and cathode material LiCoO2 (LCO), is reported. For LLZAO, a relative density of ∼87% was achieved, whereas LCO was sintered to ∼95% with 20 wt % LLZAO as a flux/binder. As-cold sintered LLZAO exhibited a low total conductivity (10-8 S/cm) attributed to an insulating grain boundary blocking layer of Li2CO3. The blocking layer was reduced with a post-annealing process or, more effectively, by replacing deionized water with 5 M LiCl during cold sintering to achieve a total conductivity of ∼3 × 10-5 S/cm (similar to the bulk conductivity). For LCO-LLZAO composites, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray computer tomography indicated a continuous LCO matrix with the LLZAO phase evenly distributed but isolated throughout the ceramics. [001] texturing during cold sintering resulted in an order of magnitude difference in electronic conductivity between directions perpendicular and parallel to the c-axis at room temperature. The electronic conductivity (∼10-2 S/cm) of cold sintered LCO-LLZAO ceramics at room temperature was comparable to that of single crystals and higher than those synthesized via either conventional sintering or hot pressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhao Li
- College
of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.
| | - Jessica Andrews
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.
| | - Ria Mitchell
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.
| | - Daniel Button
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.
| | - Derek C. Sinclair
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.
| | - Ian M. Reaney
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.
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5
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Smirnov AV, Kornyushin MV, Kholodkova AA, Melnikov SA, Stepanov AD, Fesik EV, Mnatsakanyan VV, Smirnov A, Ivakin YD. Evaluation of the Role of the Activating Application Method in the Cold Sintering Process of ZnO Ceramics Using Ammonium Chloride. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:408. [PMID: 36614747 PMCID: PMC9822335 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the method of applying the activating additive ammonium chloride and its concentration on the density and microstructure of zinc oxide ceramic obtained by cold sintering at 244 °C was investigated. The activating agent was applied by two methods: impregnation and subsequent autoclave treatment. When the powder was activated by the impregnation method, the crystal sizes remained at the initial level of 0.17-0.19 μm. After the autoclave treatment, the crystal sizes increased to 0.31-0.53 μm. Samples of cold sintering ZnO with relative density up to 0.96 and average grain sizes 0.29-0.86 μm were obtained. ZnO powders and ceramic samples were analyzed using SEM, TGA/DSC, and XRD to reveal the effect of the powder activation method and cold sintering conditions on the material microstructure. The effect of ammonium chloride concentration on grain growth and microstructure of ceramic samples is shown. It was found that the average grain size of ceramic samples with an increase in additive concentration passes through a minimum. In cold sintering of the autoclave activated powder, the effect of reducing the average grain size was observed. The results of this work are discussed on the basis of the idea of the solid-phase mobility of the crystal structure arising when interacting with an aqueous medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V. Smirnov
- Mobile Solutions Engineering Center, MIREA-Russian Technological University, 119454 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim V. Kornyushin
- Mobile Solutions Engineering Center, MIREA-Russian Technological University, 119454 Moscow, Russia
- Materials Science Department, Moscow Polytechnic University, 107023 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Kholodkova
- Mobile Solutions Engineering Center, MIREA-Russian Technological University, 119454 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Melnikov
- Materials Science Department, Moscow Polytechnic University, 107023 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem D. Stepanov
- Materials Science Department, Moscow Polytechnic University, 107023 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V. Fesik
- M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA-Russian Technological University, 119454 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vilen V. Mnatsakanyan
- Department of Education Informatization, Institute of Digital Education, Moscow City University, 129226 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton Smirnov
- Laboratory of 3D Structural and Functional Engineering, Moscow State University of Technology “STANKIN”, 127055 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yurii D. Ivakin
- Mobile Solutions Engineering Center, MIREA-Russian Technological University, 119454 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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6
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Porter MT, Binner J, Cinibulk MK, Stern KE, Yakovlev VV. Computational Characterisation of Microwave Heating of Fibre Preforms for CVI of SiCf/SiC Composites. Ann Ital Chir 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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7
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Liang J, Zhao X, Kang S, Guo J, Chen Z, Long Y, Zeng Q, Sun J, Yang L, Liao R, Randall CA. Microstructural evolution of ZnO via hybrid cold sintering/spark plasma sintering. Ann Ital Chir 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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8
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Porz L, Scherer M, Huhn D, Heine LM, Britten S, Rebohle L, Neubert M, Brown M, Lascelles P, Kitson R, Rettenwander D, Fulanovic L, Bruder E, Breckner P, Isaia D, Frömling T, Rödel J, Rheinheimer W. Blacklight sintering of ceramics. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:1717-1726. [PMID: 35451440 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00177b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
For millennia, ceramics have been densified via sintering in a furnace, a time-consuming and energy-intensive process. The need to minimize environmental impact calls for new physical concepts beyond large kilns relying on thermal radiation and insulation. Here, we realize ultrarapid heating with intense blue and UV-light. Thermal management is quantified in experiment and finite element modelling and features a balance between absorbed and radiated energy. With photon energy above the band gap to optimize absorption, bulk ceramics are sintered within seconds and with outstanding efficiency (≈2 kWh kg-1) independent of batch size. Sintering on-the-spot with blacklight as a versatile and widely applicable power source is demonstrated on ceramics needed for energy storage and conversion and in electronic and structural applications foreshadowing economic scalability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Porz
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Michael Scherer
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Lars Rebohle
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Rettenwander
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Lovro Fulanovic
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Enrico Bruder
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Patrick Breckner
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Daniel Isaia
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Till Frömling
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rödel
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rheinheimer
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
- Institute for Energy and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
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9
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Jadhav P, Khalid ZB, Zularisam AW, Krishnan S, Nasrullah M. The role of iron-based nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) on methanogenesis in anaerobic digestion (AD) performance. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112043. [PMID: 34543635 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Several strategies have been proposed to improve the performance of the anaerobic digestion (AD) process. Among them, the use of various nanoparticles (NPs) (e.g. Fe, Ag, Cu, Mn, and metal oxides) is considered one of the most effective approaches to enhance the methanogenesis stage and biogas yield. Iron-based NPs (zero-valent iron with paramagnetic properties (Fe0) and iron oxides with ferromagnetic properties (Fe3O4/Fe2O3) enhance microbial activity and minimise the inhibition effect in methanogenesis. However, comprehensive and up-to-date knowledge on the function and impact of Fe-NPs on methanogens and methanogenesis stages in AD is frequently required. This review focuses on the applicative role of iron-based NPs (Fe-NPs) in the AD methanogenesis step to provide a comprehensive understanding application of Fe-NPs. In addition, insight into the interactions between methanogens and Fe-NPs (e.g. role of methanogens, microbe interaction and gene transfer with Fe-NPs) beneficial for CH4 production rate is provided. Microbial activity, inhibition effects and direct interspecies electron transfer through Fe-NPs have been extensively discussed. Finally, further studies towards detecting effective and optimised NPs based methods in the methanogenesis stage are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Jadhav
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, 26300, Malaysia
| | - Zaied Bin Khalid
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, 26300, Malaysia
| | - A W Zularisam
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, 26300, Malaysia
| | - Santhana Krishnan
- Centre of Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), Research Institute of Sustainable Environment (RISE), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, 81310, Malaysia; PSU Energy Systems Research Institute, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Mohd Nasrullah
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, 26300, Malaysia.
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10
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Synthesis and Photoluminescence Properties of Pr 3+-Doped Ba 0.5Ca 0.5Ti xZr (1-x)O 3 Perovskite Diphasic Ceramics Obtained by the Modified Pechini Method. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15031058. [PMID: 35161003 PMCID: PMC8839530 DOI: 10.3390/ma15031058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The Pr3+-doped solid solutions from (Ba,Ca)(Ti,Zr)O3 (BCTZO) system were successfully synthesized using an efficient and low-energy consuming route—the Pechini method combined with the sintering at relatively low temperature (1450 °C). The obtained materials were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The dielectric properties were systematically studied. The Pr3+-doped BCTZO diphasic material generates intense and broad red photoluminescence (PL) emission at room temperature. The optical properties were significantly improved with the Ti4+ substitution by Zr4+ ions. As a result, the Pr3+-doped (Ba,Ca)(Ti,Zr)O3 ceramics is a promising candidate for environmentally friendly, multifunctional material by combining good dielectric and photoluminescent properties with prognosis for the manifestation of strong photoluminescent and mechanoluminescent effects.
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11
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Ivakin YD, Smirnov AV, Kurmysheva AY, Kharlanov AN, Solís Pinargote NW, Smirnov A, Grigoriev SN. The Role of the Activator Additives Introduction Method in the Cold Sintering Process of ZnO Ceramics: CSP/SPS Approach. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14216680. [PMID: 34772204 PMCID: PMC8587942 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The great prospects for introducing the cold sintering process (CSP) into industry determine the importance of finding approaches to reduce the processing time and mechanical pressure required to obtain dense ceramics using CSP. The introducing zinc acetate into the initial ZnO powder of methods, such as impregnation, thermovapor autoclave treatment (TVT), and direct injection of an aqueous solution into a die followed by cold sintering process using a spark plasma sintering unit, was studied. The effect of the introduction methods on the density and grain size of sintered ceramics was analyzed using SEM, dynamic light scattering, IR spectroscopy, and XRD. The impregnation method provides sintered samples with high relative density (over 0.90) and significant grain growth when sintered at 250 °C with a high heating rate of 100 °C/min, under a uniaxial pressure of 80 MPa in a vacuum, and a short isothermic dwell time (5 min). The TVT and aqueous solution direct injection methods showed lower relative densities (0.87 and 0.76, respectively) of CSP ZnO samples. Finally, the development of ideas about the processes occurring in an aqueous medium with CSP and TVT, which are subject to mechanical pressure, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurii D. Ivakin
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (Y.D.I.); (A.N.K.)
- Mobile Solutions Engineering Center, MIREA-Russian Technological University, 119454 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Andrey V. Smirnov
- Mobile Solutions Engineering Center, MIREA-Russian Technological University, 119454 Moscow, Russia;
- Center for Design, Manufacturing and Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, build. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra Yu. Kurmysheva
- Laboratory of Electric Current Assisted Sintering Technologies, Moscow State University of Technology “STANKIN”, Vadkovsky per. 1, 127055 Moscow, Russia; (N.W.S.P.); (A.S.); (S.N.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrey N. Kharlanov
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (Y.D.I.); (A.N.K.)
| | - Nestor Washington Solís Pinargote
- Laboratory of Electric Current Assisted Sintering Technologies, Moscow State University of Technology “STANKIN”, Vadkovsky per. 1, 127055 Moscow, Russia; (N.W.S.P.); (A.S.); (S.N.G.)
| | - Anton Smirnov
- Laboratory of Electric Current Assisted Sintering Technologies, Moscow State University of Technology “STANKIN”, Vadkovsky per. 1, 127055 Moscow, Russia; (N.W.S.P.); (A.S.); (S.N.G.)
| | - Sergey N. Grigoriev
- Laboratory of Electric Current Assisted Sintering Technologies, Moscow State University of Technology “STANKIN”, Vadkovsky per. 1, 127055 Moscow, Russia; (N.W.S.P.); (A.S.); (S.N.G.)
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12
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Industrial Symbiosis and Energy Efficiency in European Process Industries: A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13169159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, process industries have invested increasing efforts in developing technical and operating solutions related to industrial symbiosis and energy efficiency in both production processes and auxiliary services. In particular, new technologies that enable industrial symbiosis, such as novel treatment processes for byproduct extraction and valorization, water purification, and energy transformation, were implemented in different sectors. This work analyses recent relevant results in the implementation of industrial symbiosis and energy efficiency solutions within process industries across Europe, based on the transactions of energy and material flows. Current developments, based on the circular economy’s transformation levers and related achieved results, were taken into account by considering the achieved results coming from the literature, EU-funded projects, programmes, and initiatives on the implementation of technical solutions and practices related to industrial symbiosis and energy efficiency. In addition, the most relevant challenges deriving from the implementations of industrial symbiosis and energy efficiency were analysed. A comprehensive picture of the sectors involved in achieving more proactive cross-sectorial cooperation and integration was provided, as well as an analysis of the main drivers and barriers for IS and EE implementation in future scenarios for European process industries.
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13
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Ndayishimiye A, Sengul MY, Akbarian D, Fan Z, Tsuji K, Bang SH, van Duin ACT, Randall CA. Dynamics of the Chemically Driven Densification of Barium Titanate Using Molten Hydroxides. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:3451-3457. [PMID: 33852297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Molten hydroxides, often used for crystal growth and nanoparticle synthesis, have recently been applied for the single step densification of several inorganic materials under moderate uniaxial pressures and 1000 °C below their usual sintering temperatures. The latter approach, termed cold sintering process (CSP), is a mechanochemically driven process that enables the densification of inorganic materials through a dissolution-precipitation creep mechanism. In this study, we report the main densification mechanisms of BaTiO3 in a NaOH-KOH eutectic mixture. A chemical insight at the atomistic level, investigated by ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulations, offers plausible ionic complex formation scenarios and reactions at the BaTiO3/molten hydroxide interface, enabling the dissolution-precipitation reactions and the subsequent cold sintering of BaTiO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Ndayishimiye
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Mert Y Sengul
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Dooman Akbarian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Zhongming Fan
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Kosuke Tsuji
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Sun Hwi Bang
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Adri C T van Duin
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Clive A Randall
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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14
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Wang G, Lu Z, Li Y, Li L, Ji H, Feteira A, Zhou D, Wang D, Zhang S, Reaney IM. Electroceramics for High-Energy Density Capacitors: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Chem Rev 2021; 121:6124-6172. [PMID: 33909415 PMCID: PMC8277101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Materials exhibiting high energy/power density are currently needed to meet the growing demand of portable electronics, electric vehicles and large-scale energy storage devices. The highest energy densities are achieved for fuel cells, batteries, and supercapacitors, but conventional dielectric capacitors are receiving increased attention for pulsed power applications due to their high power density and their fast charge-discharge speed. The key to high energy density in dielectric capacitors is a large maximum but small remanent (zero in the case of linear dielectrics) polarization and a high electric breakdown strength. Polymer dielectric capacitors offer high power/energy density for applications at room temperature, but above 100 °C they are unreliable and suffer from dielectric breakdown. For high-temperature applications, therefore, dielectric ceramics are the only feasible alternative. Lead-based ceramics such as La-doped lead zirconate titanate exhibit good energy storage properties, but their toxicity raises concern over their use in consumer applications, where capacitors are exclusively lead free. Lead-free compositions with superior power density are thus required. In this paper, we introduce the fundamental principles of energy storage in dielectrics. We discuss key factors to improve energy storage properties such as the control of local structure, phase assemblage, dielectric layer thickness, microstructure, conductivity, and electrical homogeneity through the choice of base systems, dopants, and alloying additions, followed by a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art. Finally, we comment on the future requirements for new materials in high power/energy density capacitor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Zhilun Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.,The Henry Royce Institute, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Yong Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Ferroelectric-related New Energy Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Metallurgy, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China
| | - Linhao Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Hongfen Ji
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.,Laboratory of Thin Film Techniques and Optical Test, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Antonio Feteira
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Advanced Ferroic Oxides, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, U.K
| | - Di Zhou
- Electronic Materials Research Lab, Key Lab of Education Ministry/International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.,Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Ian M Reaney
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
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15
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Hussain MI, Hussain M, Gupta A, Ahmad GN. Experimental Investigation and Comparative Study of Sintering of Microcrystalline Nickel Using Microwave and Conventional Method. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-021-05510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Ji Y, Song K, Zhang S, Lu Z, Wang G, Li L, Zhou D, Wang D, Reaney IM. Cold sintered, temperature-stable CaSnSiO5-K2MoO4 composite microwave ceramics and its prototype microstrip patch antenna. Ann Ital Chir 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Kozielski L, Wilk A, Bućko MM, Banys J. A Large Piezoelectric Strain Recorded in BCT Ceramics Obtained by a Modified Pechini Method. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:ma13071620. [PMID: 32244704 PMCID: PMC7178427 DOI: 10.3390/ma13071620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is a strong need in the industry to develop lead-free piezoelectrics for sensors and actuators. Although these materials have become an important component of many electronic devices, it is very important for the industry to decarbonise ceramic technology, especially through the introduction of modern sintering technologies. Among the many piezoelectric compounds available, Calcium Barium Titanate (BCT) have been widely investigated because of its similar performance to lead-containing Lead Titanate Zirconate (PZT). In this paper, a modified Pechini method for obtaining ceramic Ba0.9Ca0.1TiO3 nano-powders is described. Deviation from the established procedure resulted in the precipitation of the solution or obtaining of a low-quality (poorly crystallized) product with numerous impurities. The samples of BCT materials were examined to find their ideal microstructures and structures; these factors were confirmed by their outstanding X-ray diffraction spectra and high piezoelectric constant values that are comparable to commercial lead-containing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucjan Kozielski
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, 1A 75 Pułku Piechoty St., 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wilk
- AGH–University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (A.W.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Mirosław M. Bućko
- AGH–University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (A.W.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Juras Banys
- Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 9/3, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania;
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18
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Wang D, Zhang S, Zhou D, Song K, Feteira A, Vardaxoglou Y, Whittow W, Cadman D, Reaney IM. Temperature Stable Cold Sintered (Bi 0.95Li 0.05)(V 0.9Mo 0.1)O 4-Na 2Mo 2O 7 Microwave Dielectric Composites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E1370. [PMID: 31035538 PMCID: PMC6539297 DOI: 10.3390/ma12091370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Dense (Bi0.95Li0.05)(V0.9Mo0.1)O4-Na2Mo2O7 (100-x) wt.% (Bi0.95Li0.05)(V0.9Mo0.1)O4 (BLVMO)-x wt.% Na2Mo2O7 (NMO) composite ceramics were successfully fabricated through cold sintering at 150 °C under at 200 MPa for 30 min. X-ray diffraction, back-scattered scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy not only corroborated the coexistence of BLVMO and NMO phases in all samples, but also the absence of parasitic phases and interdiffusion. With increasing NMO concentration, the relative pemittivity (εr) and the Temperature Coefficient of resonant Frequency (TCF) decreased, whereas the Microwave Quality Factor (Qf) increased. Near-zero TCF was measured for BLVMO-20wt.%NMO composites which exhibited εr ~ 40 and Qf ~ 4000 GHz. Finally, a dielectric Graded Radial INdex (GRIN) lens was simulated using the range of εr in the BLVMO-NMO system, which predicted a 70% aperture efficiency at 26 GHz, ideal for 5G applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Di Zhou
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Kaixin Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
- College of Electronics Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Antonio Feteira
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Advanced Ferroic Oxides, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK.
| | - Yiannis Vardaxoglou
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Will Whittow
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Darren Cadman
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Ian M Reaney
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
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