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Chen T, Xie L, Wang G, Jiao J, Zhao J, Yu Q, Chen Y, Shen M, Wen H, Ou X, Xie J. Anthocyanins-natural pigment of colored rice bran: Composition and biological activities. Food Res Int 2024; 175:113722. [PMID: 38129038 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Rice by-products are a potential source of various bioactive substances with great processing potential, which are receiving increasing attention. Among them, rice bran is a by-product of rice milling, with high nutritional value and health benefits. Colored rice bran contains a large amount of anthocyanins responsible for color and bioactivities. And anthocyanins are often added to foods as a natural pigment, serving to enhance both the visual appeal and nutritional value. Recent advances in the composition and bioactivities of four common colored rice bran anthocyanins (black, purple, red, and purple red rice) are reviewed in this paper. Rice bran anthocyanins have been confirmed to exhibit biological potential for human health, with their main biological activities being antioxidant, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, retinoprotective, immunomodulatory, anti-aging and anti-obesity effects. The structure of anthocyanins determines their biological activities. The anthocyanins composition of rice bran with different colors varied greatly, while that of rice bran with the same color is also slightly different, which is attributed to the rice varieties, growing environment and cropping conditions. However, it remains necessary to conduct further clinical studies to support the health activities of anthocyanins. The present review provides information value for the further development and comprehensive utilization of rice bran anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Liuming Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jilan Jiao
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Junwei Zhao
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Mingyue Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Huiliang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ou
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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Kusumawati AH, Garmana AN, Elfahmi E, Mauludin R. Pharmacological studies of the genus rice (Oryza L.): a literature review. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e272205. [PMID: 37585929 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.272205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza L.) is an essential food for more than 50 percent of the world's population and is the world's second-largest grain crop. Pigmented rice comes in various colors, such as black, red, brown, and green. Anthocyanins, like cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and peonidin-3-O-glucoside, are the primary color pigments in colored rice, whereas proanthocyanidins and flavan-3-ol oligosaccharides, with catechins as the central synthesis unit, are found in brown rice. This review article's aim is to give information and a summary of rice activities, research methods, also mechanisms of action (Oryza L.). Intake of pigmented rice was already associated with a number of health benefits, including antioxidant activity, anticancer, antitumor, antidiabetic activity, and a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Rice contains several bioactive compounds, such as γ-oryzanol, phenolic acid, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, flavonoids, carotenoids, and phytosterols, which have been widely studied and shown to have several pharmacological activities. The use of current herbal compounds is rapidly increasing, including the practice of pharmacological disease prevention and treatment. Herbal remedies have entered the international market as a result of research into plant biopharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. Through a variety of pharmacological activities, it is clear that Oryza L. is a popular herb. As a result, additional research on Oryza L. can be conducted to investigate more recent and comprehensive pharmacological effectiveness, to provide information and an overview of Rice (Oryza L.) activities, research methods, and mechanisms of action. Several natural substances are characterized by low water solubility, low stability, and sensitivity to light and oxygen, and the potential for poor absorption of the active substances requires modification of the formulation. To improve the effectiveness of pharmacologically active substances originating from natural ingredients, drug delivery systems that use lipid-based formulations can be considered innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Kusumawati
- Bandung Institute of Technology, School of Pharmacy, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
- Buana Perjuangan Karawang University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karawang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - A N Garmana
- Bandung Institute of Technology, School of Pharmacy, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - E Elfahmi
- Bandung Institute of Technology, School of Pharmacy, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - R Mauludin
- Bandung Institute of Technology, School of Pharmacy, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
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Maneechot O, Hahor W, Thongprajukaew K, Nuntapong N, Bubaka S. A natural blue colorant from butterfly pea ( Clitoria ternatea) petals for traditional rice cooking. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 60:2255-2264. [PMID: 37273557 PMCID: PMC10232400 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05752-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) flowers are widely used for culinary purposes in southern Asian countries. We assessed the optimal level of a butterfly pea petal extract (BPPE) to produce blue rice. Dried butterfly pea petals were extracted with water at 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8% (w/v), and the extract was used to color boiled rice before cooking was completed. Rice cooked with BPPE acquired various shades of blue from light to dark. Significantly decreased lightness/darkness (L*), redness/greenness (a*), yellowness/blueness (b*), and color difference (∆E*) were observed in response to BPPE levels, while hue (h*) and chroma (C*) were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Total phenolic (TPC) and total anthocyanin (TAC) contents of cooked rice increased with BPPE levels (p < 0.05), and both constituents contributed significant radical scavenging activity (r = 0.886 to 0.994, p < 0.01, n = 20). Sensory evaluation by consumers indicated a suitable level of BPPE at 0.6%. The color of blue cooked rice was stable under an opaque cover for 8 days, whereas TPC and TAC decreased significantly with storage time. Findings from the current study can be used to produce blue rice in traditional cooking, and to produce other ready-to-use BPPE products. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-023-05752-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oranit Maneechot
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110 Thailand
| | - Waraporn Hahor
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110 Thailand
| | - Karun Thongprajukaew
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110 Thailand
| | - Nutt Nuntapong
- Aquatic Science and Innovative Management Division, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110 Thailand
| | - Samsiyah Bubaka
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110 Thailand
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Tao X, Su Q, Wu H, Zhan L, Huang W, Zheng J, Zhong Q, Chen P. Structure and physicochemical properties of a new variety of purple rice ( Oryza sativa L. indica) starch. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:793-802. [PMID: 37041806 PMCID: PMC10082871 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01205-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The investigation of the structure and physicochemical properties of starch extracted from a new variety of purple rice was the aim of this study. Starch extracted from a new variety of purple rice named Tianzi No. 1 (PRS) is different in structure and physicochemical properties compared with waxy rice starch (WRS), japonica rice starch (JRS), and indica rice starch (IRS). PRS granules were diversified in shape, and the birefringence of starch particles were clearly observed. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy exhibited the degree of double helix and low short-range order structure of PRS differed from IRS, JRS and WRS. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that PRS presented a typical A-type XRD pattern and possessed lower crystallinity. Based on rheological experiment results, PRS had the highest apparent viscosity, storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G″). According to textural experiments, PRS gels had higher textural paraments before and after retrogradation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-022-01205-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Tao
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong China
| | - Qiqi Su
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong China
| | - Hai Wu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong China
| | - Lei Zhan
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong China
| | - Wei Huang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong China
| | - Jingshao Zheng
- Xinxing County Weifeng Agricultural Science and Technology Co. Ltd, Yunfu, 527300 China
| | - Qingling Zhong
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong China
| | - Pei Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642 China
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Black Rice Anthocyanidins Regulates Gut Microbiota and Alleviates Related Symptoms through PI3K/AKT Pathway in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. J Food Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/5876706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Black rice anthocyanins (BRAs) have extremely high nutritional value and health care effects. This study investigated the intervention effect of BRAs on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the regulation effect on intestinal microbiota imbalance in T2DM rats. This study established successfully a T2DM model in a high-fat and high-glucose diet combined with streptozotocin (STZ). BRAs intervention reduced significantly the fasting blood glucose level of T2DM rats, improved the glucose tolerance of rats, reduced the blood lipid level and inflammation state, and repaired liver, oxidative stress, and other injuries. In addition, BRAs’s intervention enhanced the expression of phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT), activated the expression of adenosine 5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK), and the downstream acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT1) in the liver. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that BRAs significantly decreased the abundances of Bifidobacterium and Clostridiaceae_Clostridium, and promoted the abundances of Akkermansia and Lactobacillus. Accelerate the recovery of gut microbiota diversity. BRAs play an antidiabetic role by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and intestinal microbiota in T2MD rats.
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Hartati FK, A A. Black Rice Extract Induced Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest on Human Cancer Cell Lines. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.12944/crnfsj.10.3.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the research is to evaluate the anti-cancer outcomes of aqueous black rice (BR) extract on human cancer cell lines; HeLa, T47D, and U2OS. To begin the investigation, the total phenol and flavonoid content of the BR extract was determined. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of the extract was determined using the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. The cell viability, apoptosis and cell cycle on several human cancer cells were determined after BR extract administration in several doses (BR1; 100 mg/ml, BR2; 200 mg/ml, BR3; 300 mg/ml, BR4; 400 mg/ml, and BR5; 500 mg/ml) using flow cytometry analysis. According to the analysis, the extract had total phenol and flavonoid content are 66.42 mg/g and 11.12 mg/g, respectively. Based on the assay of DPPH (53.19 µg/ml), FRAP (49.86 mg/g), and TAC (96.70 mg/g), BR extract showed strong antioxidant activity. This study also revealed that BR extract significantly reduced human cancer cell lines viability and selectively (shown to have no effect on PBMC cells) (p<0.05) especially BR5 group (500 g/mL) . The administration of BR extract was most responsive to induce apoptosis in T47D cells, up to 93.64 % in BR5 close to cisplatin-induced apoptosis effect, compared to HeLa and U2OS cells. The study also found BR extract induced the cell (HeLa, T47D, and U2OS) to arrest or in the phase G0/G1. Hence, BR extract was a food-based cancer treatment with a promising effect to inhibit cancer cell growth and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadjar Kurnia Hartati
- https://www.foodandnutritionjournal.org/volume10number3/black-rice-extract-induced-apoptosis-and-cell-cycle-arrest-on-human-cancer-cell-lines/
| | - Andryanto A
- https://www.foodandnutritionjournal.org/volume10number3/black-rice-extract-induced-apoptosis-and-cell-cycle-arrest-on-human-cancer-cell-lines/
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Shahidi F, Danielski R, Rhein SO, Meisel LA, Fuentes J, Speisky H, Schwember AR, de Camargo AC. Wheat and Rice beyond Phenolic Acids: Genetics, Identification Database, Antioxidant Properties, and Potential Health Effects. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3283. [PMID: 36501323 PMCID: PMC9739071 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Wheat and rice play a vital role in human nutrition and food security. A better understanding of the potential health benefits associated with consuming these cereals, combined with studies by plant scientists and food chemists to view the entire food value chain from the field, pre and post-harvest processing, and subsequent "fork" consumption, may provide the necessary tools to optimize wheat and rice production towards the goal of better human health improvement and food security, providing tools to better adapt to the challenges associated with climate change. Since the available literature usually focuses on only one food chain segment, this narrative review was designed to address the identities and concentration of phenolics of these cereal crops from a farm-to-fork perspective. Wheat and rice genetics, phenolic databases, antioxidant properties, and potential health effects are summarized. These cereals contain much more than phenolic acids, having significant concentrations of flavonoids (including anthocyanins) and proanthocyanidins in a cultivar-dependent manner. Their potential health benefits in vitro have been extensively studied. According to a number of in vivo studies, consumption of whole wheat, wheat bran, whole rice, and rice bran may be strategies to improve health. Likewise, anthocyanin-rich cultivars have shown to be very promising as functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Renan Danielski
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Samantha Ottani Rhein
- Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Lee A. Meisel
- Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Jocelyn Fuentes
- Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Hernan Speisky
- Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Andrés R. Schwember
- Departament of Plant Sciences, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
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Rahim MA, Umar M, Habib A, Imran M, Khalid W, Lima CMG, Shoukat A, Itrat N, Nazir A, Ejaz A, Zafar A, Awuchi CG, Sharma R, Santana RF, Emran TB. Photochemistry, Functional Properties, Food Applications, and Health Prospective of Black Rice. J CHEM-NY 2022; 2022:1-21. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/2755084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This review investigates black rice’s photochemistry, functional properties, food applications, and health prospects. There are different varieties of black rice available in the world. The origins of this product can be traced back to Asian countries. This rice is also known as prohibited rice, emperor’s rice, and royal’s rice. Black rice is composed of different nutrients including fiber, protein, carbohydrates, potassium, and vitamin B complex. It contains an antioxidant called anthocyanin and tocopherols. Antioxidants are found mostly in foods that are black or dark purple. Due to its nutritious density, high fiber level, and high antioxidant content, black rice is a good alternative to white and brown rice. Utilizing black rice in various foods can enhance the nutritional value of food and be transformed into functional food items. Many noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) can be prevented by eating black rice daily, including cancer cells, atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, osteoporosis, asthma, digestive health, and stroke risk. This review aim was to discuss the role of nutritional and functional properties of black rice in the formation of functional food against different noncommunicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abdul Rahim
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Umar
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Habib
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Waseem Khalid
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - Aurbab Shoukat
- National Institute of Food Science & Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nizwa Itrat
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Anum Nazir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Afaf Ejaz
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Amna Zafar
- Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Chinaza Godswill Awuchi
- School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Kampala International University, Box 20000 Kansanga, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
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9
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Andriani R, Subroto T, Ishmayana S, Kurnia D. Enhancement Methods of Antioxidant Capacity in Rice Bran: A Review. Foods 2022; 11:foods11192994. [PMID: 36230070 PMCID: PMC9564381 DOI: 10.3390/foods11192994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a primary food that is widely consumed throughout the world, especially in Asian countries. The two main subspecies of rice are japonica and indica which are different in physical characteristics. In general, both indica and japonica rice consist of three types of grain colors, namely white, red, and black. Furthermore, rice and rice by-products contain secondary metabolites such as phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tocopherols that have bioactivities such as antioxidants, antimicrobial, cancer chemopreventive, antidiabetic, and hypolipidemic agents. The existence of health benefits in rice bran, especially as antioxidants, gives rice bran the opportunity to be used as a functional food. Most of the bioactive compounds in plants are found in bound form with cell wall components such as cellulose and lignin. The process of releasing bonds between bioactive components and cell wall components in rice bran can increase the antioxidant capacity. Fermentation and treatment with enzymes were able to increase the total phenolic content, total flavonoids, tocotrienols, tocopherols, and γ-oryzanol in rice bran.
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Chen J, Meng X. Aronia melanocarpa Anthocyanin Extracts Improve Hepatic Structure and Function in High-Fat Diet-/Streptozotocin-Induced T2DM Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:11531-11543. [PMID: 36084327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins can prevent and ameliorate type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but its mechanism of action has not been fully established. IKK/NF-κB and JAK/Stat pathways have multiple effects, triggering T2DM. Liver abnormalities in individuals with T2DM are detrimental to glycemic control. We determined whether anthocyanins could improve the liver of individuals with T2DM using IKK/NF-κB and JAK/Stat. We established a T2DM mouse model using a high-fat diet and streptozotocin and then performed Aronia melanocarpa anthocyanin extracts' (AMAEs') administration for 5 weeks. AMAEs improved blood glucose and hyperinsulinemia of T2DM mice. In the liver of AMAE-administered T2DM mice, ROS, IKKβ/NF-κB p65, and JAK2/Stat3/5B signalings were down-regulated, thereby reducing the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), iNOS, and inflammatory mediators. AMAE-improved hyperinsulinemia also down-regulated SOCS3 by decreasing p-Stat5B in hepatocytes. AMAEs enhanced glucose uptake and conversion and decreased hepatocyte enlargement and inflammatory cells in the liver of T2DM mice. These indicated that AMAEs could alleviate oxidative stress, insulin resistance, inflammation, and tissue damage in the liver of T2DM mice through inhibiting NF-κB p65 and Stat3/5B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, P. R. China
| | - Xianjun Meng
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, P. R. China
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11
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Sheikha MA, Soheir NA, SyragEldin FM. Synthesis, characterization and protection effect of black rice anthocyanins nano-composite against hepatotoxicity induced by methotrexate in rats. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 84:e248726. [PMID: 35239784 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.248726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the beneficial of prepared black rice anthocyanins nano-composite (An-AgNps) against hepatotoxicity induced by methotrexate (MTX) in rats. Anthocyanins nano-composite was prepared by silver as the metallic ion reduction and were characterized by IR and SEM. The rats in our experiment were divided into five groups. Serum lipid profile, serum transaminases (ALT and AST), ALP, LDH, TBA, GSH and SOD were examined. The results show that SEM of An-AgNps has average particle size from 70 to 130nm. In the group treated with MTX; TC, TG, LDL-c, ALT, AST, ALP, LDH and TBA levels were significantly (P≤0.05) increased than NC, while, HDL-c, SOD and GSH levels were significantly (P≤0.05) decreased. On the other hand, An-AgNps + MTX treated groups were reversed the levels of all biomarkers similar to NC. In conclusion, the results show that An-AgNps has a protective effect on MTX-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Sheikha
- Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, College of Science, Department of Chemistry, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - N A Soheir
- Agricultural Research Center, Food Technology Research Institute, Crops Technology Research Department, Giza, Egypt
| | - F M SyragEldin
- Saudi Grains Organization - SAGO, Center Lab. of Research, Riyadh, KSA
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12
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Mohammed HA, Khan RA. Anthocyanins: Traditional Uses, Structural and Functional Variations, Approaches to Increase Yields and Products' Quality, Hepatoprotection, Liver Longevity, and Commercial Products. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2149. [PMID: 35216263 PMCID: PMC8875224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are water-soluble, colored compounds of the flavonoid class, abundantly found in the fruits, leaves, roots, and other parts of the plants. The fruit berries are prime sources and exhibit different colors. The anthocyanins utility as traditional medicament for liver protection and cure, and importance as strongest plants-based anti-oxidants have conferred these plants products different biological activities. These activities include anti-inflammation, liver protective, analgesic, and anti-cancers, which have provided the anthocyanins an immense commercial value, and has impelled their chemistry, biological activity, isolation, and quality investigations as prime focus. Methods in extraction and production of anthocyanin-based products have assumed vital economic importance. Different extraction techniques in aquatic solvents mixtures, eutectic solvents, and other chemically reactive extractions including low acid concentrations-based extractions have been developed. The prophylactic and curative therapy roles of the anthocyanins, together with no reported toxicity has offered much-needed impetus and economic benefits to these classes of compounds which are commercially available. Information retrieval from various search engines, including the PubMed®, ScienceDirect®, Scopus®, and Google Scholar®, were used in the review preparation. This imparted an outlook on the anthocyanins occurrence, roles in plants, isolation-extraction, structures, biosynthetic as well as semi- and total-synthetic pathways, product quality and yields enhancements, including uses as part of traditional medicines, and uses in liver disorders, prophylactic and therapeutic applications in liver protection and longevity, liver cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. The review also highlights the integrated approach to yields maximizations to meet the regular demands of the anthocyanins products, also as part of the extract-rich preparations together with a listing of marketed products available for human consumption as nutraceuticals/food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdoon A. Mohammed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11371, Egypt
| | - Riaz A. Khan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
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Sapwarobol S, Saphyakhajorn W, Astina J. Biological Functions and Activities of Rice Bran as a Functional Ingredient: A Review. Nutr Metab Insights 2021; 14:11786388211058559. [PMID: 34898989 PMCID: PMC8655829 DOI: 10.1177/11786388211058559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice bran (RB) is a nutrient-rich by-product of the rice milling process. It consists of pericarp, seed coat, nucellus, and aleurone layer. RB is a rich source of a protein, fat, dietary fibers, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals (mainly oryzanols and tocopherols), and is currently mostly used as animal feed. Various studies have revealed the beneficial health effects of RB, which result from its functional components including dietary fiber, rice bran protein, and gamma-oryzanol. The health effects of RB including antidiabetic, lipid-lowering, hypotensive, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects, while its consumption also improves bowel function. These health benefits have drawn increasing attention to RB in food applications and as a nutraceutical product to mitigate metabolic risk factors in humans. This review therefore focuses on RB and its health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwimol Sapwarobol
- The Medical Food Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Weeraya Saphyakhajorn
- Graduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Junaida Astina
- Graduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Cui HX, Luo Y, Mao YY, Yuan K, Jin SH, Zhu XT, Zhong BW. Purified anthocyanins from Zea mays L. cob ameliorates chronic liver injury in mice via modulating of oxidative stress and apoptosis. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:4672-4680. [PMID: 33491773 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Purple corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the main economic crops in China and has been used in the treatment of cystitis, urinary infections and obesity. However, purple corncobs, the by-product remaining after processing and having an intense purple-black color, are normally disposed of as waste or used as animal feed. Therefore, to further expand the medicinal value of purple corncob, its content was analyzed and, after purification, the effect and mechanism of purified purple corncob anthocyanins (PPCCA) on CCl4 -induced chronic liver injury in mice were investigated. RESULTS It was observed that the total anthocyanin content (TAC) from PPCCA (317.51 ± 9.30 mg cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (C-3-G) g-1 dry weight) was significantly higher than that from the purified purple corn seed anthocyanin (266.73 ± 3.67 mg C-3-G g-1 dry weight), of which C-3-G accounted for 90.6% and 90.4% of the TAC, respectively. Furthermore, compared with the CCl4 group, PPCCA treatment significantly reduced liver index, serum total bilirubin, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and liver malondialdehyde levels, but increased liver superoxide dismutase activity. The pathological changes were also improved, such as more regular arrangement of hepatocytes, less swelling, and fewer vacuoles and apoptotic cells. Additionally, mechanistic studies showed that PPCCA downregulated the expression of Caspase-3, Bax and cytochrome P450 2E1 proteins in the liver and upregulated the expression of Bcl-2. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that PPCCA could ameliorate CCl4 -induced chronic liver injury by regulating oxidative stress and hepatocyte apoptosis pathways. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xin Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Disease by Henan & Education Ministry of PR China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Jiyang College of Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhu'ji, China
| | - Yue-Yue Mao
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ke Yuan
- Jiyang College of Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhu'ji, China
| | - Song-Heng Jin
- Jiyang College of Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhu'ji, China
| | - Xiang-Tao Zhu
- Jiyang College of Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhu'ji, China
| | - Bing-Wei Zhong
- Jiyang College of Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhu'ji, China
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15
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Liu H, Huang L, Pei X. Effects of sorghum rice and black rice on genes associated with cholesterol metabolism in hypercholesterolemic mice liver and intestine. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:217-229. [PMID: 33473286 PMCID: PMC7802551 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of different proportions of dietary sorghum rice and black rice on the expression of genes related to cholesterol metabolism in mice liver, intestine, and the characteristics of the small intestinal microbiota were investigated. Six types of diets were used to feed C57BL/6 mice: AIN-93M standard diet, high-cholesterol model diet, high-cholesterol and low-dose sorghum grain or black rice diet, and high-cholesterol and high-dose sorghum grain or black rice diet. The results showed that black rice or sorghum grain diets had no effect on the serum TC, LDL-C levels in the hypercholesterolemic mice, whereas these diets decreased serum TG level, and black rice diets increased serum HDL-C level. The diets containing black rice and sorghum grain had no effect on liver TC, TG, HDL-C levels. However, these diets decreased LDL-C levels significantly except high dose of black rice. The black rice or sorghum grain diets reduced the expression of the genes encoding liver 3-hydroxyl-3-methyl-glutarate monoacyl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA-R) and increased the expression of SREBP-2, thereby partially inhibiting the synthesis of cholesterol in liver. The diets containing different proportions of black rice and a low proportion of sorghum grain reduced the expression level of Niemann-Pick type C 1 like 1 (NPC1L1) mRNA and increased the mRNA level of the ATP-binding cassette transporters, ABCG5/ABCG8, in the small intestine, thereby reducing cholesterol absorption. A diet containing a low proportion of black rice promoted the expression of ABCA1 mRNA and increased the expression of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) mRNA, thereby promoting reverse cholesterol transport. Black rice diets significantly increased the relative abundances of microbiota in the small intestine and maintained biodiversity, while sorghum grain had no positive effect on the abundance of microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Lu Huang
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Xinli Pei
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
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16
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Laila U, Rochmadi R, Pudjiraharti S, Nurhayati R, Herawati ERN, Ariani D, Khasanah Y. STABILITY OF CHITOSAN-TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE COMPLEX-ENCAPSULATED ANTHOCYANIN AT HIGH WATER ACTIVITY. JURNAL TEKNOLOGI DAN INDUSTRI PANGAN 2020. [DOI: 10.6066/jtip.2020.31.2.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous study successfully conducted encapsulation of the purple-fleshed sweet potato’s anthocyanin but the study has yet to reveal the stability of encapsulated anthocyanin. Therefore, this research aims to observe the stability of encapsulated anthocyanin regarding the characteristic of low anthocyanin stability, which depends on environmental factors, such as temperature, pH, humidity, and water activity. The kinetic parameters of stability, including kinetic constant (k), reaction order, and half-life (t1/2), were also studied. Stability testing was conducted in high water activity of 0.75 and various in-cubation temperatures at 16, 25, 35, and 45°C. Un-encapsulated anthocyanin extract was also tested for its stability in the same condition in order to be compared with encapsulated anthocyanin. This study re-vealed that the encapsulated anthocyanin had lower stability than un-encapsulated anthocyanin extract. It was proven by higher kinetic constant and lower half-life of encapsulated anthocyanin for every incubation temperature which was induced by higher pH of encapsulated anthocyanin compared with anthocyanin extract. Besides, high water activity reduced glass transition temperature (Tg), in which encapsulated anthocyanin was in rubbery state. Both encapsulated anthocyanin and anthocyanin extract were degraded following the first order kinetic. Using the Arrhenius equation, it was obtained that the degradation kinetic constant of encapsulated anthocyanin was stated as k= 420.44 exp (-23.33/RT). Meanwhile, k= 1.12x106 exp (-46.70/RT) described degradation of kinetic constant of anthocyanin extract. The stability test re-vealed that the application of encapsulated anthocyanin was not suitable for wet-type food product.
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TMT-based quantitative proteomic analysis of hepatic tissue reveals the effects of dietary cyanidin-3-diglucoside-5-glucoside-rich extract on alleviating D-galactose-induced aging in mice. J Proteomics 2020; 232:104042. [PMID: 33161165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cyanidin-3-diglucoside-5-glucoside (CY3D5G) derivatives as major pigments in red cabbage exhibit in vitro antioxidant effects. This study evaluated the effects of CY3D5G-rich extract on oxidative stress in D-galactose-induced accelerated aging. Thirty male C57BL/6 J mice were divided into three groups: a normal control group and two D-galactose-injected groups orally administered with or without CY3D5G-rich extract (700 μmol/kg body weight). Dietary supplementation of CY3D5G-rich extract for 6 weeks increased superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione peroxidase activity, and total antioxidant capacity while suppressed malondialdehyde content in serum (p < 0.05) and tissues. Hepatic proteome analysis revealed that 243 proteins were significantly modulated by experimental treatment (p < 0.05). CY3D5G-rich extract treatment suppressed proteins involved in electron transport chain and up-regulated proteins that play important roles in glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and actin cytoskeleton. These changes in above metabolic pathways may contribute to reducing the production and release of ROS and attenuating oxidative damage in aged mice. SIGNIFICANCE: Anthocyanins are the most abundant dietary flavonoids with potential health benefits. The proteomic analysis of mice liver in this study revealed the effect of cyanidin-3-diglucoside-5-glucoside (CY3D5G) consumption in D-galactose-induced accelerated aging. In total, 2054 protein groups were quantified in all samples without any missing value, and 243 protein groups were identified with statistical significance (p < 0.05). Bioinformatics analysis suggested that electron transport chain, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and actin cytoskeleton were closely correlated with CY3D5G treatment. These findings provide useful information to understand the anti-aging effect of anthocyanin, and the results of which could promote the use of anthocyanins in food and pharmaceutical industries.
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18
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Bendokas V, Stanys V, Mažeikienė I, Trumbeckaite S, Baniene R, Liobikas J. Anthocyanins: From the Field to the Antioxidants in the Body. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E819. [PMID: 32887513 PMCID: PMC7555562 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are biologically active water-soluble plant pigments that are responsible for blue, purple, and red colors in various plant parts-especially in fruits and blooms. Anthocyanins have attracted attention as natural food colorants to be used in yogurts, juices, marmalades, and bakery products. Numerous studies have also indicated the beneficial health effects of anthocyanins and their metabolites on human or animal organisms, including free-radical scavenging and antioxidant activity. Thus, our aim was to review the current knowledge about anthocyanin occurrence in plants, their stability during processing, and also the bioavailability and protective effects related to the antioxidant activity of anthocyanins in human and animal brains, hearts, livers, and kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidmantas Bendokas
- Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania; (V.S.); (I.M.)
| | - Vidmantas Stanys
- Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania; (V.S.); (I.M.)
| | - Ingrida Mažeikienė
- Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania; (V.S.); (I.M.)
| | - Sonata Trumbeckaite
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (S.T.); (R.B.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Baniene
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (S.T.); (R.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Julius Liobikas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (S.T.); (R.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Zhang H, Kai G, Xia Y, Wang G, Ai L. Antioxidant and in vitro digestion property of black rice (Oryza sativa L.): a comparison study between whole grain and rice bran. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2019-0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA comparison study between whole grain and rice bran to evaluate the antioxidant activity and starch digestion property of black rice was conducted. Total phenolics content (TPC) and total anthocyanins content (TAC) analysis found that TPC and TAC contribution of rice bran to the whole grain were over 73 and 91%, respectively. Cyanidin-3-glucoside with minor peonidin-3-glucoside were identified in all whole grain and rice bran samples by HPLC-ESI-MS. The rice bran exhibited much stronger antioxidant activities than the whole grain, acting as the major antioxidant contributor to the black rice due to the high levels of TPC and TAC. In vitro digestion analysis found that rice bran could significantly decrease the digestibility and predicted glycemic index (pGI) of rice flour by lowering the rapid digestion starch and increasing the resistant starch (RS). This study revealed that rice bran could be a potential edible resource of phenolic-enriched antioxidant and glycemic regulator in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Yongjun Xia
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Guangqiang Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Lianzhong Ai
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
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20
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Development of microencapsulated anthocyanin-rich powder using soy protein isolate, jackfruit seed starch and an emulsifier (NBRE-15) as encapsulating materials. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10198. [PMID: 32576906 PMCID: PMC7311395 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67191-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A trend of present encapsulation research indicates an increased interest in the search for natural encapsulants for bioactive phytochemicals. The present study in pursuit of the same studies the use of jackfruit seed starch (JSS), an underutilized natural polysaccharide in conjugation with soy protein isolate (SPI) as an encapsulating material and NBRE-15 as an emulsifier. Three independent variables viz., total soluble solids (TSS, 20, 25 and 30° Brix), SPI: JSS (1:1, 1:3 and 1:5) and NBRE-15 (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3%) were optimized for achieving the most efficient encapsulation of anthocyanin using a three level, three parameter, Box-Behnken design (BBD) of the Design of Experiments (DOE). The responses considered for the optimization were monomeric anthocyanin content, antioxidant activity and encapsulation efficiency. A combination of 27.0% TSS, 1:5 SPI: JSS ratio and 0.3% NBRE-15 was found to be optimum for the encapsulation of anthocyanin with the desirability of 92.6%. Microcapsules obtained using the optimized combination of independent variables was found to contain 3215.59 mg/100 g monomeric anthocyanin. The antioxidant activity and encapsulation efficiency of the encapsulated material obtained using optimized combinations of independent variable were found to be 365.26 µmol Trolox/g and 89.71%, respectively. The microcapsules were also additionally analyzed for the particle size distribution and morphological characterization. Particle size analysis indicated that the microcapsules obtained had a mean particle size of 60.97 µm. Scanning electron microscopy for morphological characterization indicated that the microcapsules so obtained were oval to round in shape and had a smooth surface. Storage studies to estimate the half-life of anthocyanin in the microcapsule at room temperature (37 °C) clearly indicated greater stability i.e. 63 days when stored under amber-colored vial compared to only 35 days when stored under clear transparent vial.
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21
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Sen S, Chakraborty R, Kalita P. Rice - not just a staple food: A comprehensive review on its phytochemicals and therapeutic potential. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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Qi S, He J, Han H, Zheng H, Jiang H, Hu CY, Zhang Z, Li X. Anthocyanin-rich extract from black rice (Oryza sativa L. Japonica) ameliorates diabetic osteoporosis in rats. Food Funct 2019; 10:5350-5360. [PMID: 31393485 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00681h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) is a systemic endocrine-metabolic osteopathy which has the characteristics of bone mineral density (BMD) reduction and bone microstructural destruction. Although anthocyanin-rich extract from black rice (AEBR) was reported to have a beneficial effect on diabetic rats, no studies have been performed on whether black rice anthocyanins are beneficial for diabetic osteoporosis. Therefore, in this study, a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model was established to investigate the protective effect of AEBR on diabetes-induced osteoporosis and its possible mechanism. AEBR at three doses (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g kg-1 d-1) were administered by oral gavage to diabetic rats for 8 weeks. The blood glucose, BMD, bone histomorphometry parameters, serum bone turnover biomarkers, bone marrow adipocyte numbers, as well as osteoprotegerin (OPG), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX 2), and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κ B ligand (RANKL) protein expression in bone and serum were detected. The results indicated that AEBR dose-dependently decreased the blood glucose, increased the BMD, and decreased the serum bone turnover markers. The bone microstructure and osteoclast numbers in bone tissues returned to normal in the high AEBR dosage group; at the same time, the AEBR dose-dependently suppressed bone marrow adipogenesis. The RUNX 2 as well as the OPG/RANKL ratio in diabetic rats' bone tissues increased significantly in the AEBR treatment group. Our results indicate that AEBR administration can ameliorate bone loss caused by diabetes; this is mainly attributed to its inhibition of bone turnover, suppression of bone marrow adipogenesis, and up-regulation of RUNX 2 and the OPG/RANKL expression ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Qi
- Vitamin D Research Institute, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, Shaanxi, China. and Shaanxi Black Organic Food Engineering Center, Hanzhong 723000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia He
- Vitamin D Research Institute, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Hao Han
- Shaanxi Provincial Bio-resource key Laboratory, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Hongxing Zheng
- Shaanxi Provincial Bio-resource key Laboratory, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, Shaanxi, China. and Shaanxi Black Organic Food Engineering Center, Hanzhong 723000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hai Jiang
- Vitamin D Research Institute, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ching Yuan Hu
- Shaanxi Provincial Bio-resource key Laboratory, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhijian Zhang
- Vitamin D Research Institute, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, Shaanxi, China. and Shaanxi Black Organic Food Engineering Center, Hanzhong 723000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinsheng Li
- Shaanxi Provincial Bio-resource key Laboratory, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, Shaanxi, China.
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Sun J, Wen X, Liu J, Kan J, Qian C, Wu C, Jin C. Protective effect of an arabinogalactan from black soybean against carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:659-664. [PMID: 29852225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In vivo hepatoprotective effect of a novel arabinogalactan (AG) from black soybean on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury was evaluated for the first time. Our results showed that administration of AG could significantly attenuate the increase in the levels of alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase in the serum caused by CCl4 treatment. AG treatment not only significantly elevated the levels of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase; but also increased the levels of non-enzyme antioxidants (glutathione and total antioxidant capacity in liver tissues) when compared with CCl4-induced acute liver injury model. In addition, AG significantly reduced lipid peroxidation levels in liver tissues. The hepatoprotective effect of high-dose of AG was comparable to that of silymarin, which served as a positive standard. This study indicated that AG had a protective effect on CCl4-induced acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China; Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Xuzhou 221131, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China.
| | - Juan Kan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Chunlu Qian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Chunsen Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Changhai Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China.
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Suhailah SAJ, Soheir NAER. Preventive effect of black rice antioxidant extract on oxidative stress induced by ethyl alcohol. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 17:478-485. [DOI: 10.5897/ajb2017.16260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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25
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Protective Role of Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb Fruits Against CCl 4 Induced Oxidative Stress and Liver Injury in Rodent Model. Indian J Clin Biochem 2018; 34:155-163. [PMID: 31092988 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-017-0732-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Abstract The medicinal plant, Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. is widely used in the traditional Indian system of medicine like Ayurveda for centuries in the treatment of various ailments owing to it's rejuvenating as well as health promoting effects. The present study evaluates protective role of aqueous acetone extract of T. bellirica fruits (AATB) against CCl4 induced liver toxicity in animal model. The liver damage was assessed by liver function markers including ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, LDH, total bilirubin, total protein, albumin, globulin and albumin-globulin ratio. The levels of MDA, ROS, and NO along with the tissue antioxidants were evaluated to assess hepatic oxidative stress and level of lipid peroxidation. Treatment with AATB prior to the exposure of CCl4 significantly reduced the damage when compared to the control rats. The outcome of the present study advocates the traditional use of the plant as ethnic food and health tonic. Graphical Abstract
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Protective effect of flavonoids from Cyclocarya paliurus leaves against carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 119:392-399. [PMID: 29337229 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja (C. paliurus), known locally as 'sweet tea tree', is commonly cultivated in China. Flavonoids from Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja (FC) is reported to exhibit multiple biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-diabetic activities. However, their influence on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury remains unclear. This study was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of total flavonoids from C. paliurus leaves. Results revealed that flavonoids from C. paliurus significantly decreased CCl4-induced elevation of activities of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), and markedly increased the levels of SOD, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) compared with the model group. Structures of mainly compounds were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS) spectroscopic and chemical analyses. This study clearly shows that flavonoids from C. paliurus exert a potent protective effect against CCl4-induced acute liver injury in mice. Its hepatoprotective effect appears to be closely associated with its antioxidant activity. The results indicated that flavonoids from C. paliurus leaves could be considered as a potent food supplement in the prevention of acute liver injury.
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Characterizations and hepatoprotective effect of polysaccharides from Mori Fructus in rats with alcoholic-induced liver injury. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 102:60-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ganesan K, Jayachandran M, Xu B. A critical review on hepatoprotective effects of bioactive food components. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:1165-1229. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1244154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Ganesan
- Program of Food Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University–Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, China
| | - Muthukumaran Jayachandran
- Program of Food Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University–Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Program of Food Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University–Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, China
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Arjinajarn P, Chueakula N, Pongchaidecha A, Jaikumkao K, Chatsudthipong V, Mahatheeranont S, Norkaew O, Chattipakorn N, Lungkaphin A. Anthocyanin-rich Riceberry bran extract attenuates gentamicin-induced hepatotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 92:412-420. [PMID: 28558354 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver plays an important role in the detoxification and metabolic elimination of various drugs and harmful substances. The damaging effects on the liver tissue treated with gentamicin are multi-factorial and their mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the possible protective effects of anthocyanin-rich Riceberry bran extract on gentamicin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Riceberry bran extract was given by oral administration 30min before gentamicin injection for 15 consecutive days. Serum levels of liver marker enzymes, AST and ALT, were significantly elevated and the total serum protein level was markedly reduced in gentamicin-treated rats. Gentamicin injection led to the significant increase in hepatic MDA level and decrease SOD expression. Liver inflammation and apoptosis were observed in gentamicin-treated rats as indicated by the increases in NF-κB, TNF-αR1, COX2, and iNOS, caspase-3, Bax, and decrease in Bcl-XL expressions. Riceberry bran extract significantly prevented gentamicin-induced the elevations of serum AST, ALT and the reduction of serum total protein. These were related to the inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in Riceberry bran extract treatment. These findings suggest that anthocyanin-rich Riceberry bran extract can prevent liver dysfunction and damage induced by gentamicin, possibly through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phatchawan Arjinajarn
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nuttawud Chueakula
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Pongchaidecha
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Krit Jaikumkao
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Sugunya Mahatheeranont
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Orranuch Norkaew
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Anusorn Lungkaphin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical studies suggest that the additive/synergistic effects of several bioactive compounds are responsible for the health benefits of rice. Among the leading contenders are phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, tocotrienols, tocopherols, λ-oryzanol, and phytic acid, which all possess strong antioxidant activities in vitro. In this review, data related to health effects of rice antioxidants using cultured cells, rodents and humans models are first summarized. The evidence is strong that consumption of rice tocotrienols translates into improved health outcomes. Current research, however, does not strongly support the health-promoting effects of rice tocopherols and phenolic acids. The crucial limitations in studies using rice flavonoids, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, λ-oryzanol and phytic acid appear to be the appropriateness of the substance tested (i.e., purity), and the scarcity of animal and human interventions. In a second part, rice antioxidants are reviewed with an emphasis on their composition and contents. Taking into account the bioavailability of these compounds, it is evident that a number of factors affect the antioxidant composition of rice, making it difficult to estimate dietary intake. Before harvest, factors including soil type, atmospheric CO2, chemical inputs, temperature, and degree of ripening are important. After harvest, rice is subjected to processing methods that include drying, parboiling, storage, irradiation, milling, stabilization, soaking, germination, fermentation, boiling, steaming, roasting, baking, and extrusion. Quantitative knowledge about the effects of these processes is summarized in this review. Surprisingly, a high level of agreement was found among study results, which could be useful in manipulating the growing and processing techniques of rice grains to facilitate efficient and safe consumption of antioxidant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piebiep Goufo
- a Universidade de Trás os Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD) , Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB) , Vila Real , Portugal
| | - Henrique Trindade
- a Universidade de Trás os Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD) , Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB) , Vila Real , Portugal
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Zhan YY, Wang JH, Tian X, Feng SX, Xue L, Tian LP. Protective effects of seed melon extract on CCl 4-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 193:531-537. [PMID: 27717904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Citrullus lanatus ssp. vulgaris var. megalaspermus Lin et Chao, was also known as watermelon belongs to family Cucurbitaceae, variously used as healthy food and in the treatment of liver and lungs problems. Currently, Citrullus lanatus has become a major economic crop of medicinal and edible effects with regional characteristics. AIM This study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of the seed melon (Citrullus lanatus ssp. vulgaris var. megalaspermus Lin et Chao) extract (SME) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatic fibrosis in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, mice were randomly divided into 7 groups, including normal control, model, silymarin tablets as the positive control, SME 100, 200, 400, and 800mg/kg. After 8 weeks, activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglycerides (TG), hyaluronic acid (HA) and laminin (LN) were checked. The levels of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutataion (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were determined after SME administration. The hydroxyproline (HYP) levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and histopathologic examinations of hepatocyte fibrosis were also determined. Additionally, effects of SME on alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor beta-1(TGF-β1) protein expressions were determined. RESULTS We found that SME could significantly lower the serum levels of hepatic enzyme markers AST, ALT, HA and LN (P<0.01). Compared with the CCl4-only treatment group, levels of hepatic SOD and GSH-Px were significantly increased, and the MDA levels were remarkably decreased in mice treated by SME at medium dose (400mg/kg) and high dose (800mg/kg) (P<0.01). A histological examination of the liver showed that lesions, including necrosis, lymphocyte infiltration and fatty degeneration, were partially healed by treatment with SME. The results of protein expressions studies displayed that SME could inhibit α-SMA and TGF-β1 protein expression (P<0.01). CONCLUSION The present results suggested that protective effect of SME against CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis may rely on its effect on reducing oxidative stress and improving drug metabolizing enzyme activity in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Jin-Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Shi-Xiu Feng
- Shenzhen Fairy Lake Botanical Garden of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518004, China
| | - Lin Xue
- Shihezi Vegetable Research Institute, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Li-Ping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China.
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Inclusion of Konjac Flour in the Gestation Diet Changes the Gut Microbiota, Alleviates Oxidative Stress, and Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Sows. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:5899-909. [PMID: 27474722 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01374-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Although dietary fibers contribute to health and physiology primarily via the fermentative actions of the gut microbiota of the hosts, few studies have focused on how these interactions influence the metabolic status of sows. Here, the effects of inclusion of konjac flour (KF) in a gestation diet on oxidative stress status, insulin sensitivity, and gut microbiota were investigated to elucidate the correlation between the microbiota and metabolic changes in sows. Sows were assigned to either control or 2.2% KF dietary treatment during gestation. The gut microbiota population in sows during gestation and lactation was assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The oxidative stress parameters, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) values, and fatty acids in the blood of sows were also assessed. Compared to the control diet group, KF significantly reduced the serum levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) but increased the serum concentrations of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in sows on day 1 in lactation. Additionally, sows in the KF group had a lower HOMA insulin resistance value but a higher HOMA insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IS) value. KF induced changes in the gut microbial composition at the phylum and genus levels. The increased relative abundances of Akkermansia and Roseburia in the KF group were positively correlated with the HOMA-IS. Overall, dietary KF alleviated oxidative stress and improved insulin sensitivity of sows, and the changes in the gut microbiota in response to KF may have been correlated with the host metabolism response. IMPORTANCE To date, the effect of dietary fiber on metabolism responses and gut microbiota in sows has not been investigated. Here, KF supplementation of a gestation diet in sows was found to alleviate oxidative stress and to improve insulin sensitivity. Pyrosequencing analysis revealed that KF treatment induces changes in the gut microbiota composition at the phylum and genus levels. Moreover, the changes of gut microbiota in response to KF may be correlated with the host metabolism response.
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Kandimalla R, Dash S, Kalita S, Choudhury B, Malampati S, Kalita K, Kalita B, Devi R, Kotoky J. Protective Effect of Bioactivity Guided Fractions of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Root Bark against Hepatic Injury and Chronic Inflammation via Inhibiting Inflammatory Markers and Oxidative Stress. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:298. [PMID: 27656145 PMCID: PMC5013132 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tribal communities of North Eastern India rely on herbal medicine to cure various disease conditions. Ziziphus jujuba Mill. (Rhamnaceae) is one of such medicinal plants used for curing liver ailments, insomnia, anemia, diarrhea, diabetic complications, cancer, and loss of appetite. The present study was aimed to describe the protective ability of Z. jujuba root bark (ZJRB) against hepatic injury and chronic inflammation. Bioactivity guided fractionation of Z. jujuba methanol extract (ZJME) was performed using different solvents of increasing polarity viz. hexane (ZJHF), chloroform (ZJCF), ethyl acetate (ZJEAF), water (ZJWF), and residue (ZJMR). In vitro antioxidant results revealed that both ZJME and ZJWF possess strong antioxidant activity among all the fractions and mother extract tested. Further, ZJME and ZJWF showed significant protection against CCl4 intoxicated HepG2 cell lines by means of increased cell viability and decreased LDH levels compared to control group. ZJME at 200, 400 mg/kg and ZJWF at 50, 100 mg/kg inhibited the lipid peroxidation and significantly restored the liver function markers (AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, SOD, and CAT) and cytokine levels (TNF-α, Il-1β, and Il-10) in CCl4 induced acute liver damage in rats. All the results were comparable with standard drug silymarin which was further confirmed by histopathology analysis of liver. Similarly, inflammation and increase inflammatory cytokines levels of carrageenan induced paw edema in rats have been refurbished to normal levels on par with the standard drug indomethacin. ZJWF demonstrated potent response than ZJME in all the biological tests conducted. The results of the study signify the ability of ZJRB as good therapeutic agent for liver toxicity and chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghuram Kandimalla
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and TechnologyGuwahati, India
| | - Suvakanta Dash
- Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceGuwahati, India
| | - Sanjeeb Kalita
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and TechnologyGuwahati, India
| | - Bhaswati Choudhury
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and TechnologyGuwahati, India
| | - Sandeep Malampati
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong, China
| | | | - Bhupalee Kalita
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific ResearchBengaluru, India
| | - Rajlakshmi Devi
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and TechnologyGuwahati, India
| | - Jibon Kotoky
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and TechnologyGuwahati, India
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Kandimalla R, Dash S, Kalita S, Choudhury B, Malampati S, Kalita K, Kotoky J. Bioactive Guided Fractions of Annona reticulata L. bark: Protection against Liver Toxicity and Inflammation through Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Proinflammatory Cytokines. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:168. [PMID: 27445809 PMCID: PMC4916736 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicine is popularized worldwide due to its ability to cure the diseases with lesser or no side effects. North Eastern part of India comes under one of the world biodiversity hotspots which is very rich in traditional herbal medicine. Annona reticulata L. (Annonaceae) is one such plant used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, liver ailments and diabetes by traditional healers. The present study was aimed to scientifically validate this folk knowledge and to develop an herbal remedy through evaluating bioactive guided fractions of A. reticulata (AR) bark against hepatotoxicity and inflammation using in vitro and in vivo models. Results of this study demonstrates that among all fractions of AR bark, methanol extract and its water fraction possess strong anti-oxidant ability and showed protection against CCl4 induced toxicity in HepG2 cell lines and rats. Both the fractions also exhibit dose dependent anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenan induced inflammation in rats. Water fraction showed potent response in the entire tests conducted than methanol extract, which states that polar components of the AR bark methanol extract were responsible for these activities. Further, from the experiments conducted to elucidate the mechanism of action, the results revealed that AR bark showed liver protection and anti-inflammatory response through inhibiting the oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghuram Kandimalla
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and TechnologyGuwahati, India
| | - Suvakanta Dash
- Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceGuwahati, India
| | - Sanjeeb Kalita
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and TechnologyGuwahati, India
| | - Bhaswati Choudhury
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and TechnologyGuwahati, India
| | - Sandeep Malampati
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong, China
| | | | - Jibon Kotoky
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and TechnologyGuwahati, India
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Protective effect and mechanism of action of mulberry marc anthocyanins on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rats. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Wang Y, Li B, Ma Y, Wang X, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Meng X. Lonicera caerulea berry extract attenuates lipopolysaccharide induced inflammation in BRL-3A cells: Oxidative stress, energy metabolism, hepatic function. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Xiao L, Cao W, Liu G, Fang T, Wu X, Jia G, Chen X, Zhao H, Wang J, Wu C, Cai J. Arginine, N-carbamylglutamate, and glutamine exert protective effects against oxidative stress in rat intestine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2:242-248. [PMID: 29767095 PMCID: PMC5941035 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current study is to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with arginine (ARG), N-carbamylglutamate (NCG), and glutamine (GLN) on rat intestinal morphology and antioxidant status under oxidative stress. Rats were fed for 30 d with one of the following iso-nitrogenous diets: basal diet (BD), BD plus 1% ARG, BD plus 0.1% NCG, and BD plus 1% GLN. On day 28, half of the rats fed BD were intraperitoneally injected with 12 mg/kg body weight of diquat (DT; i.e., the DT group) and the other half was intraperitoneally injected with sterile solution (i.e., the control group). The other diet groups were intraperitoneally injected with 12 mg/kg body weight of DT (i.e., DT + 1% GLN [DT + GLN], DT + 1% ARG [DT + ARG], and DT + 0.1% NCG [DT + NCG]). Rat jejunum samples obtained at 48 h after DT injection were analyzed. Results showed that DT significantly decreased catalase (CAT) activity and glutathione (GSH) content by 58.25% and 56.57%, respectively, and elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) content and crypt depth (CD) by 19.39% and 22.13%, respectively, in the jejunum (P < 0.05, relative to the control group). Compared with the DT group, the DT + GLN group exhibited significantly improved villus height (VH), villus width (VW), villus surface area (VSA), CD and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) activity (P < 0.05); the DT + ARG group exhibited significantly increased the ratio of VH to CD (H:D) and T-AOC activity (P < 0.05); the DT + GLN, DT + ARG and DT + NCG groups exhibited significantly enhanced CAT activity and GSH content as well as decreased MDA content (P < 0.05). Moreover, VH, VW, VSA, CD and GSH content in the DT + GLN group were higher whereas MDA content was lower compared with the corresponding values observed in both the DT + ARG and the DT + NCG groups (P < 0.05). The H:D ratio in the DT + ARG group significantly increased compared with that in the DT + NCG and DT + GLN groups (P < 0.05). Collectively, this study suggested that dietary supplementation with 1% GLN, 0.1% NCG, and 1% ARG was effective in enhancing the antioxidant status and maintaining the morphological structure of rat jejunum under oxidative stress; of these supplements, 1% GLN exerted the greatest effects on mitigating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xiao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tingting Fang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xianjian Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Caimei Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
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Digestion property and synergistic effect on biological activity of purple rice ( Oryza sativa L.) anthocyanins subjected to a simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro. Food Res Int 2015; 78:114-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Tong J, Yao X, Zeng H, Zhou G, Chen Y, Ma B, Wang Y. Hepatoprotective activity of flavonoids from Cichorium glandulosum seeds in vitro and in vivo carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 174:355-63. [PMID: 26320690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cichorium glandulosum Boiss. et Huet was used historically in Uyghur folk medicine. Its roots, seeds, and aerial parts are extensively used by Uyghur residents in Xinjiang to eliminate savda typhoid, dredge and cure obstructive jaundice variety liver disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of total flavonoids (TFs) obtained from C. glandulosum seeds against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage in vitro and in vivo. To investigate the mechanisms of hepatoprotective effects for TFs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The dried seeds of C. glandulosum were extracted with 70% aqueous ethanol, and the extract was chromatographed with D101 macroporous resin. In vitro the antioxidant capacity against lipid peroxidation (LPO) was evaluated using ferrothiocyanate, thiobarbituric acid, β-carotene bleaching, and LPO inhibition assay. The cytotoxicity and hepatoprotective activity of TFs were evaluated in human liver hepatoma cells (HepG2). MTT assay, hepatic injury markers aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) were performed. In vivo the hepatoprotective activity of TFs against CCl4-induced acute liver injury was evaluated in rats. A series of biochemical and antioxidant parameter levels were measured in liver homogenate. The suppressive effect on pancreatic lipase activity was determined. RESULTS Results indicated that TFs showed antioxidant capacity against lipid peroxidation (LPO). Administrating CCl4 (1%, v/v) caused a significant decrease in HepG2 viability. Treatment with TFs at doses (62.5, 125, and 250 μg/ml) could significantly ameliorate the cytotoxicity and decline the levels of AST, ALT, and LDH induced by CCl4. The markers including MDA and GSH, which were close to oxidative damage, were restored. Oral treatment with TFs in vivo at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg significantly reduced the levels of AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TB), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) in the serum compared with CCl4-induced acute liver injury in rats. TFs showed dose-dependent suppressive effects on pancreatic lipase activity, and the IC50 was 1.318 ± 0.164 mg/ml. CONCLUSION TFs from C. glandulosum seeds demonstrated significant hepatoprotection against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. TFs exhibited significant suppression of LPO and pancreatic lipase capacity, which may be the mechanisms of hepatoprotective effects against CCl4. Our results contribute towards validation of the traditional use of C. glandulosum seeds in the treatment of liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tong
- Institute of TCM & Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Xincheng Yao
- Institute of TCM & Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Shihezi 832000, PR China
| | - Hong Zeng
- Institute of TCM & Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Gao Zhou
- Institute of TCM & Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Institute of TCM & Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Bingxin Ma
- Institute of TCM & Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Youwei Wang
- Institute of TCM & Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China.
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Li S, Tan HY, Wang N, Zhang ZJ, Lao L, Wong CW, Feng Y. The Role of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:26087-124. [PMID: 26540040 PMCID: PMC4661801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161125942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 970] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A complex antioxidant system has been developed in mammals to relieve oxidative stress. However, excessive reactive species derived from oxygen and nitrogen may still lead to oxidative damage to tissue and organs. Oxidative stress has been considered as a conjoint pathological mechanism, and it contributes to initiation and progression of liver injury. A lot of risk factors, including alcohol, drugs, environmental pollutants and irradiation, may induce oxidative stress in liver, which in turn results in severe liver diseases, such as alcoholic liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Application of antioxidants signifies a rational curative strategy to prevent and cure liver diseases involving oxidative stress. Although conclusions drawn from clinical studies remain uncertain, animal studies have revealed the promising in vivo therapeutic effect of antioxidants on liver diseases. Natural antioxidants contained in edible or medicinal plants often possess strong antioxidant and free radical scavenging abilities as well as anti-inflammatory action, which are also supposed to be the basis of other bioactivities and health benefits. In this review, PubMed was extensively searched for literature research. The keywords for searching oxidative stress were free radicals, reactive oxygen, nitrogen species, anti-oxidative therapy, Chinese medicines, natural products, antioxidants and liver diseases. The literature, including ours, with studies on oxidative stress and anti-oxidative therapy in liver diseases were the focus. Various factors that cause oxidative stress in liver and effects of antioxidants in the prevention and treatment of liver diseases were summarized, questioned, and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hor-Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zhang-Jin Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Lixing Lao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chi-Woon Wong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Oregano Essential Oil to Sows on Oxidative Stress Status, Lactation Feed Intake of Sows, and Piglet Performance. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:525218. [PMID: 26539506 PMCID: PMC4619846 DOI: 10.1155/2015/525218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Fifty-four multiparous large white sows were used to determine the effects of supplementing oregano essential oil (OEO) to the gestation and lactation diets on oxidative stress status, lactation feed intake, and their piglet performance. Two groups were fed diets with (OEO; n = 28) or without (Control; n = 26) supplemental 15 mg/kg OEO during gestation and lactation. The serum levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (P < 0.05), 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) (P < 0.05), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (P < 0.05) were higher during gestation (days 90 and 109) and lactation (days 1 and 3) than in early gestation (day 10). Compared with the control group, the OEO diet significantly reduced sows' serum concentrations of 8-OHdG (P < 0.05) and TBARS (P < 0.01) on day 1 of lactation. The OEO diet increased the sows' counts of faecal lactobacillus (P < 0.001) while reducing Escherichia coli (P < 0.001) and Enterococcus (P < 0.001). In the third week of lactation the treatment tended to increase sow's feed intake (P = 0.07), which resulted in higher average daily gain (P < 0.01) of piglets. Our results demonstrated that there is an increased systemic oxidative stress during late gestation and early lactation of sows. The OEO supplementation to sows' diet improved performance of their piglets, which may be attributed to the reduced oxidative stress.
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Wei HK, Chen G, Wang RJ, Peng J. Oregano essential oil decreased susceptibility to oxidative stress-induced dysfunction of intestinal epithelial barrier in rats. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Lv HP, Dai WD, Tan JF, Guo L, Zhu Y, Lin Z. Identification of the anthocyanins from the purple leaf coloured tea cultivar Zijuan ( Camellia sinensis var. assamica ) and characterization of their antioxidant activities. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Tangeretin, a citrus flavonoid attenuates oxidative stress and protects hepatocellular architecture in rats with 7, 12 - dimethylbenz(a)anthracene induced experimental mammary carcinoma. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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45
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El-Denshary ES, Aljawish A, El-Nekeety AA, Hassan NS, Saleh RH, Rihn BH, Abdel-Wahhab MA. Possible Synergistic Effect and Antioxidant Properties of Chitosan Nanoparticles and Quercetin against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induce Hepatotoxicity in Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/snl.2015.52005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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46
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Wong HS, Chen JH, Leong PK, Leung HY, Chan WM, Ko KM. β-sitosterol protects against carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity but not gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rats via the induction of mitochondrial glutathione redox cycling. Molecules 2014; 19:17649-62. [PMID: 25361427 PMCID: PMC6271253 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191117649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous findings have demonstrated that β-sitosterol (BSS), an active component of Cistanches Herba, protected against oxidant injury in H9c2 cardiomyocytes and in rat hearts by enhancing mitochondrial glutathione redox cycling, possibly through the intermediacy of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. We therefore hypothesized that BSS pretreatment can also confer tissue protection against oxidant injury in other vital organs such as liver and kidney of rats. In this study, the effects of BSS pretreatment on rat models of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) hepatotoxicity and gentamicin nephrotoxicity were investigated. The findings showed that BSS pretreatment protected against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity, but not gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rats. The hepatoprotection afforded by BSS was associated with the improvement in mitochondrial glutathione redox status, presumably through the glutathione reductase-mediated enhancement in mitochondrial glutathione redox cycling. The hepatoprotection afforded by BSS was also accompanied by the improved mitochondrial functional ability in rat livers. The inability of BSS to protect against gentamicin nephrotoxicity was likely due to the relatively low bioavailability of BSS in rat kidneys. BSS may serve as potential mitohormetic agent for the prevention of oxidative stress-induced injury in livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi-Shan Wong
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ji-Hang Chen
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Pou-Kuan Leong
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hoi-Yan Leung
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wing-Man Chan
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kam-Ming Ko
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
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Rashed K, Potočnjak I, Giacometti J, Škoda M, Domitrović R. Terminalia bellerica aerial parts ethyl acetate extract exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic activity in carbon tetrachloride-intoxicated mice. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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48
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Kim SJ, Kim JM, Shim SH, Chang HI. Anthocyanins accelerate the healing of naproxen-induced gastric ulcer in rats by activating antioxidant enzymes via modulation of Nrf2. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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49
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An ursolic acid-enriched extract of Cynomorium songaricum protects against carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity and gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rats possibly through a mitochondrial pathway: A comparison with ursolic acid. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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