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Rodrigues CV, Pintado M. Hesperidin from Orange Peel as a Promising Skincare Bioactive: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1890. [PMID: 38339165 PMCID: PMC10856249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The pursuit for better skin health, driven by collective and individual perceptions, has led to the demand for sustainable skincare products. Environmental factors and lifestyle choices can accelerate skin aging, causing issues like inflammation, wrinkles, elasticity loss, hyperpigmentation, and dryness. The skincare industry is innovating to meet consumers' requests for cleaner and natural options. Simultaneously, environmental issues concerning waste generation have been leading to sustainable strategies based on the circular economy. A noteworthy solution consists of citrus by-product valorization, as such by-products can be used as a source of bioactive molecules. Citrus processing, particularly, generates substantial waste amounts (around 50% of the whole fruit), causing unprecedented environmental burdens. Hesperidin, a flavonoid abundant in orange peels, is considered to hold immense potential for clean skin health product applications due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic properties. This review explores hesperidin extraction and purification methodologies as well as key skincare application areas: (i) antiaging and skin barrier enhancement, (ii) UV radiation-induced damage, (iii) hyperpigmentation and depigmentation conditions, (iv) wound healing, and (v) skin cancer and other cutaneous diseases. This work's novelty lies in the comprehensive coverage of hesperidin's promising skincare applications while also demonstrating its potential as a sustainable ingredient from a circular economy approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuela Pintado
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal;
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Wang Z, Yang B, Chen X, Huang P, Chen K, Ma Y, Agarry IE, Kan J. Optimization and comparison of nonconventional extraction techniques for soluble phenolic compounds from brocade orange (
Citrus sinensis
) peels. J Food Sci 2022; 87:4917-4929. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Wang
- College of Food Science Southwest University Beibei Chongqing PR China
- School of Food Science and Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Bing Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology Hebei Agricultural University Baoding Hebei PR China
| | - Xuhui Chen
- College of Food Science Southwest University Beibei Chongqing PR China
| | - Pimiao Huang
- College of Food Science Southwest University Beibei Chongqing PR China
| | - Kewei Chen
- College of Food Science Southwest University Beibei Chongqing PR China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro‐products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing) Ministry of Agriculture Chongqing PR China
| | - Yuan Ma
- School of Food and Bioengineering Xihua University Chengdu PR China
| | | | - Jianquan Kan
- College of Food Science Southwest University Beibei Chongqing PR China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro‐products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing) Ministry of Agriculture Chongqing PR China
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3
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Ding H, You Q, Li D, Liu Y. 5-Demethylnobiletin: Insights into its pharmacological activity, mechanisms, pharmacokinetics and toxicity. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154285. [PMID: 35809375 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Demethylnobiletin (5DN) is a polymethoxyflavone (PMF) primarily found in citrus fruits. It has various health-promoting properties and hence has attracted significant attention from scholars worldwide. PURPOSE This review is the first to systematically summarize the recent research progress of 5DN, including its pharmacological activity, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and toxicological effects. In addition, the pharmacological mechanism of action of 5DN has been discussed from a molecular biological perspective, and data from in vivo and in vitro animal studies have been compiled to provide a more thorough understanding of 5DN as a potential lead drug. METHODS Data were extracted from SciFinder, PubMed, ScienceDirect and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from database inception to January 2022. RESULTS 5DN has broad pharmacological activities. It exerts anti-inflammatory effects, promotes apoptosis and autophagy, and induces melanogenesis mainly by regulating the JAK2/STAT3, caspase-dependent apoptosis, ROS-AKT/mTOR, MAPK and PKA-CREB signaling pathways. 5DN can be used for treating diseases such as cancer, inflammation-related diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and neurodegenerative diseases. To date, there have been only a few toxicological studies on 5DN, and both in vitro and in vivo on 5DN have not revealed significant toxic side effects. Pharmacokinetic studies have revealed that the metabolites of 5DN are mainly 5,3'-didemethylnobiletin (M1); 5,4'-didemethylnobiletin (M2) and 5,3',4'-tridemethylnobiletin (M3), in either, glucuronide-conjugated or monomeric form. The pharmacokinetic products of 5DN, especially M1, possess better activity than 5DN for the treatment of cancer. CONCLUSION The anticancer effects of 5DN and its metabolites warrant further investigation as potential drug candidates, especially through in vivo studies. In addition, the therapeutic effects of 5DN in neurodegenerative diseases should be examined in more experimental models, and the absorption and metabolism of 5DN should be further investigated in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qiang You
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570100, China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Youping Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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4
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Cheng L, Wang F, Cao Y, Tong C, Wei Q, Shi S, Guo Y. Rapid profiling of potential antitumor polymethoxylated flavonoids in natural products by integrating cell biospecific extraction with neutral loss/diagnostic ion filtering-based high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022; 33:895-905. [PMID: 35668040 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride (CRPV, Qing Pi in Chinese) has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Polymethoxylated flavonoids (PMFs), which are a special group of flavonoids with strong antitumor activity, are broadly distributed in citrus peels. However, systematic investigation of antitumor PMFs in CRPV has received little attention to date. OBJECTIVES An MCF-7 cell biospecific extraction method integrated with neutral loss/diagnostic ion filtering-based HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS strategy was developed for rapid and specific profiling of antitumor PMFs and systematic identification of PMFs in CRPV. METHODOLOGY By incubating MCF-7 cells with CRPV extract, potential antitumor PMFs specifically bound to cells and were isolated. Then, by systematic investigation of fragmentation pathways, neutral loss and diagnostic ion filtering strategies were proposed to comprehensively and accurately identify PMFs. RESULTS Sixteen antitumor PMFs were unambiguously or tentatively identified. Among them, minor compound 15 (5-hydroxy-6,7,8,3',4'-pentamethoxyflavone with a free hydroxyl group at C-5) exhibited excellent antitumor activity, with an IC50 value of 2.81 ± 0.76 μg/mL, which is lower than that of 5-fluorouracil (IC50 , 4.92 ± 0.83 μg/mL). Nobiletin (12) and tangeretin (16), two major PMFs, presented moderate antitumor activities with IC50 values of 13.06 ± 1.85 and 17.07 ± 1.18 μg/mL, respectively, and their contents were sensitively and precisely determined. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the systematic investigation of antitumor PMFs in CRPV. The study will lay a foundation for the quality control and clinical application of CRPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine under Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine under Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuanxin Cao
- Natural Product Research Laboratory, Guangxi Baise High-tech Development Zone, Baise, China
| | - Chaoying Tong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qisheng Wei
- Natural Product Research Laboratory, Guangxi Baise High-tech Development Zone, Baise, China
| | - Shuyun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine under Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Natural Product Research Laboratory, Guangxi Baise High-tech Development Zone, Baise, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Hunan, Changsha, China
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5
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Li C, Dai T, Chen J, Chen M, Liang R, Liu C, Du L, McClements DJ. Modification of flavonoids: methods and influences on biological activities. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10637-10658. [PMID: 35687361 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2083572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are important active ingredients in plant-based food, which have many beneficial effects on health. But the low solubility, poor oral bioavailability, and inferior stability of many flavonoids may limit their applications in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Structural modification can overcome these shortcomings to improve and extend the application of flavonoids. The study of how to modify flavonoids and the influence of various modifications on biological activity have drawn great interest in the current literature. In this review, the working principles and operating conditions of modification methods were summarized along with their potential and limitations in terms of operational safety, cost, and productivity. The influence of various modifications on biological activities and the structure-activity relationships of flavonoids derivatives were discussed and highlighted, which may give guidance for the synthesis of highly effective active agents. In addition, the safety of flavonoids derivatives is reviewed, and future research directions of flavonoid modification research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Taotao Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Agro-food Science and Technology Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mingshun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ruihong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chengmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Liqing Du
- China Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Zhanjiang China
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Hydrolyzed Flavonoids from Cyrtosperma johnstonii with Superior Antioxidant, Antiproliferative, and Anti-Inflammatory Potential for Cancer Prevention. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103226. [PMID: 35630704 PMCID: PMC9146275 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyrtosperma johnstonii is one of the most interesting traditional medicines for cancer treatment. This study aimed to compare and combine the biological activities related to cancer prevention of the flavonoid glycosides rutin (RT) and isorhamnetin-3-o-rutinoside (IRR) and their hydrolysis products quercetin (QT) and isorhamnetin (IR) from C.johnstonii extract. ABTS and MTT assays were used to determine antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity against various cancer cells, as well as normal cells. Anti-inflammatory activities were measured by ELISA. The results showed that the antioxidant activities of the compounds decreased in the order of QT > IR > RT > IRR, while most leukemia cell lines were sensitive to QT and IR with low toxicity towards PBMCs. The reduction of IL-6 and IL-10 secretion by QT and IR was higher than that induced by RT and IRR. The combination of hydrolysis products (QT and IR) possessed a strong synergism in antioxidant, antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory effects, whereas the combination of flavonoid glycosides and their hydrolysis products revealed antagonism. These results suggest that the potential of the combination of hydrolyzed flavonoids from C. johnstonii can be considered as natural compounds for the prevention of cancer.
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Abou Baker DH. An ethnopharmacological review on the therapeutical properties of flavonoids and their mechanisms of actions: A comprehensive review based on up to date knowledge. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:445-469. [PMID: 35340621 PMCID: PMC8943219 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids -a class of low molecular weight secondary metabolites- are ubiquitous and cornucopia throughout the plant kingdom. Structurally, the main structure consists of C6-C3-C6 rings with different substitution patterns so that many sub-classes are obtained, for example: flavonols, flavonolignans, flavonoid glycosides, flavans, anthocyanidins, aurones, anthocyanidins, flavones, neoflavonoids, chalcones, isoflavones, flavones and flavanones. Flavonoids are evaluated to have drug like nature since they possess different therapeutic activities, and can act as cardioprotective, antiviral, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticancer, and also work against Alzheimer's disease and others. However, information on the relationship between their structure and biological activity is scarce. Therefore, the present review tries to summarize all the therapeutic activities of flavonoids, their mechanisms of action and the structure activity relationship. Latest updated ethnopharmacological review of the therapeutic effects of flavonoids. Flavonoids are attracting attention because of their therapeutic properties. Flavonoids are valuable candidates for drug development against many dangerous diseases. This overview summarizes the most important therapeutic effect and mechanism of action of flavonoids. General knowledge about the structure activity relationship of flavonoids is summarized. Substitution of chemical groups in the structure of flavonoids can significantly change their biological and chemical properties. The chemical properties of the basic flavonoid structure should be considered in a drug-based structural program.
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8
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Identification of 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2 as a Potential EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6119737. [PMID: 35111279 PMCID: PMC8803441 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6119737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As the main active ingredients of Panax ginseng, ginsenosides possess numerous bioactivities. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was widely used as a valid target in anticancer therapy. Herein, the EGFR targeting activities of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 (20(S)-Rh2) and the relationship of their structure-activity were investigated. Homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence assay showed that 20(S)-Rh2 significantly inhibited the activity against EGFR kinase. 20(S)-Rh2 was confirmed to effectively inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner by MTT assay. Furthermore, quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting analysis revealed that 20(S)-Rh2 inhibited A549 cells growth via the EGFR-MAPK pathway. Meanwhile, 20(S)-Rh2 could promote cell apoptosis, block cell cycle, and reduce cell migration of A549 cells, respectively. In silico, the result suggested that both hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen-bonding interactions could contribute to stabilize their binding. Molecular dynamics simulation showed that the side chain sugar moiety of 20(S)-Rh2 was too flexible to be fixed at the active site of EGFR. Collectively, these findings suggested that 20(S)-Rh2 might serve as a potential EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
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Perri MR, Romano C, Marrelli M, Zicarelli L, Toma CC, Basta D, Conforti F, Statti G. Beneficial Role of Fruits, Their Juices, and Freeze-Dried Powders on Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Related Dysbiosis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:plants11010004. [PMID: 35009009 PMCID: PMC8747592 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of complex chronic inflammatory conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract. It is linked to a number of genetic and environmental factors able to perturb the immune-microbiome axis. Diet is the most investigated variable both for its role in the etiology of IBD and for its beneficial potential in the treatment of the symptoms. Dietary products may influence intestinal inflammation through different mechanisms of action, such as the modulation of inflammatory mediators, the alteration of gene expression, changes in gut permeability, and modifications in enteric flora composition. A consisting number of studies deal with the link between nutrition and microbial community, and particular attention is paid to plant-based foods. The effects of the dietary intake of different fruits have been investigated so far. This review aims to present the most recent studies concerning the beneficial potential of fruit consumption on human gut microbiota. Investigated plant species are described, and obtained results are presented and discussed in order to provide an overview of both in vitro and in vivo effects of fruits, their juices, and freeze-dried powders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Perri
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (M.R.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Carmen Romano
- SIACSA Società Italiana degli Analisti del Comportamento in campo Sperimentale ed Applicativo, 87100 Cosenza, RC, Italy;
| | - Mariangela Marrelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (M.R.P.); (F.C.)
| | | | - Claudia-Crina Toma
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 87 L. Rebreanu Str., 310045 Arad, Romania;
| | - Daniele Basta
- University Sport Center, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy;
| | - Filomena Conforti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (M.R.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Giancarlo Statti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (M.R.P.); (F.C.)
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10
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Hong Y, Liao X, Chen Z. Determination of bioactive components in the fruits of Cercis chinensis Bunge by HPLC-MS/MS and quality evaluation by principal components and hierarchical cluster analyses. J Pharm Anal 2021; 11:465-471. [PMID: 34513122 PMCID: PMC8424366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The fruits of leguminous plants Cercis Chinensis Bunge are still overlooked although they have been reported to be antioxidative because of the limited information on the phytochemicals of C. chinensis fruits. A simple, rapid and sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method was developed for the identification and quantitation of the major bioactive components in C. chinensis fruits. Eighteen polyphenols were identified, which are first reported in C. chinensis fruits. Moreover, ten components were simultaneously quantified. The validated quantitative method was proved to be sensitive, reproducible and accurate. Then, it was applied to analyze batches of C. chinensis fruits from different phytomorph and areas. The principal components analysis (PCA) realized visualization and reduction of data set dimension while the hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) indicated that the content of phenolic acids or all ten components might be used to differentiate C. chinensis fruits of different phytomorph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Hong
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
- Corresponding author. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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11
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Wu Y, Zhang C, Huang Z, Lyu L, Li J, Li W, Wu W. The color difference of rubus fruits is closely related to the composition of flavonoids including anthocyanins. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Sajid M, Channakesavula CN, Stone SR, Kaur P. Synthetic Biology towards Improved Flavonoid Pharmacokinetics. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050754. [PMID: 34069975 PMCID: PMC8157843 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a structurally diverse class of natural products that have been found to have a range of beneficial activities in humans. However, the clinical utilisation of these molecules has been limited due to their low solubility, chemical stability, bioavailability and extensive intestinal metabolism in vivo. Recently, the view has been formed that site-specific modification of flavonoids by methylation and/or glycosylation, processes that occur in plants endogenously, can be used to improve and adapt their biophysical and pharmacokinetic properties. The traditional source of flavonoids and their modified forms is from plants and is limited due to the low amounts present in biomass, intrinsic to the nature of secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Access to greater amounts of flavonoids, and understanding of the impact of modifications, requires a rethink in terms of production, more specifically towards the adoption of plant biosynthetic pathways into ex planta synthesis approaches. Advances in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering, aided by protein engineering and machine learning methods, offer attractive and exciting avenues for ex planta flavonoid synthesis. This review seeks to explore the applications of synthetic biology towards the ex planta biosynthesis of flavonoids, and how the natural plant methylation and glycosylation pathways can be harnessed to produce modified flavonoids with more favourable biophysical and pharmacokinetic properties for clinical use. It is envisaged that the development of viable alternative production systems for the synthesis of flavonoids and their methylated and glycosylated forms will help facilitate their greater clinical application.
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13
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Testai L, De Leo M, Flori L, Polini B, Braca A, Nieri P, Pistelli L, Calderone V. Contribution of irisin pathway in protective effects of mandarin juice (Citrus reticulata Blanco) on metabolic syndrome in rats fed with high fat diet. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4324-4333. [PMID: 33942395 PMCID: PMC8453895 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marinella De Leo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Braca
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Nieri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luisa Pistelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Chen Y, Liang J, Liang X, Chen J, Wang Y, Cao J, Sun C, Ye J, Chen Q. Limonin induces apoptosis of HL-60 cells by inhibiting NQO1 activity. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:1860-1869. [PMID: 33841805 PMCID: PMC8020947 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Limonin is an important bioactive substance in citrus fruits, especially in seeds, which has great potential in cancer prevention and treatment. In order to explore the anticancer activity based on interaction between limonin and NQO1, Human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) were studied in vitro. We found that limonin could inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of HL-60 cells, and the effect was positively correlated with its dosage. Western blot results showed that limonin could activate the endogenous apoptosis pathway mediated by mitochondria via up-regulating pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, cytochrome c, Caspase3, and Caspase9) and down-regulating anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2), thus inhibiting the proliferation of HL-60 cells and promoting apoptosis, which further proved the anticancer activity of limonin from the molecular mechanism. At the same time, limonin down-regulated the expression of NQO1, indicating that limonin may indirectly act on the apoptosis pathway by regulating the expression activity of antioxidant enzymes in vivo, thus exerting its inhibitory effect on tumor cells, which provides an idea for the molecular mechanism that natural products can indirectly exert their anticancer effect by regulating the activity of antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyi Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality ImprovementZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jiaojiao Liang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality ImprovementZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xiao Liang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality ImprovementZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jiebiao Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality ImprovementZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality ImprovementZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jinping Cao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality ImprovementZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Chongde Sun
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality ImprovementZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jiaming Ye
- Zanyu TechnologyQingshan Lake Science and Technology CityHangzhouChina
| | - Qingjun Chen
- Zanyu TechnologyQingshan Lake Science and Technology CityHangzhouChina
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15
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Gao X, Feng T, Liu E, Shan P, Zhang Z, Liao L, Ma H. Ougan juice debittering using ultrasound-aided enzymatic hydrolysis: Impacts on aroma and taste. Food Chem 2020; 345:128767. [PMID: 33340897 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The optimal sonication conditions (40 kHz, 80 W/L and 60 min) during Ougan juice debittering by Aspergillus niger koji extract were established. Enzymatic hydrolysis degrees of naringin and limonin were enhanced to 89.90% and 36.16%, and enzymatic hydrolysis time was shortened by 33%. Sonication significantly enhanced activities of α-l-rhamnosidases, β-glucosidases and limoninases from A. niger koji extract and facilitated break of CO bonds in naringin (p < 0.05). These accounted for the enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis degrees and velocities of bitter compounds. Meanwhile, sonication lowered 40%, 7% and 21%, 13%, 11%, 25% of bitter, sour tastes and green, citrus-like, floral, woody notes, but enhanced 18% and 15% of fruity and sweet notes, resulting in 38% and 33% increases in over-all taste and aroma scores. Lowered levels of bitter compounds, organic acids, green, citrus-like, floral, woody aroma compounds and enhanced levels of fruity, sweet aroma compounds caused by sonication accounted for the flavor improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianli Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Tuo Feng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Ermeng Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Pei Shan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Zhankai Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, 6 Hubei Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Lan Liao
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Technology, Foshan University, 33 Guangyun Road, Foshan 528000, China.
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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16
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Li Y, Li W, Hu D, Shen P, Zhang G, Zhu Y. Comparative analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome between green and albino zones of variegated leaves from Hydrangea macrophylla 'Maculata' infected by hydrangea ringspot virus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 157:195-210. [PMID: 33120111 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In nature, many different factors cause plants to present variegated leaves. The purpose of this study was to reveal the changes in the green and albino leaves of Hydrangea macrophylla 'Maculata'. It was found that in the albino zone, the leaves became thinner, the chloroplast structure disappeared, and a large number of leucoplasts replaced chloroplasts. In addition, the albino zone of the leaves contained almost no chlorophyll and showed no function related to transforming and utilizing light energy, and more intense oxidative stress was observed in the albino zone of the leaves than in the green zone. RNA-seq analysis showed that the chlorophyll synthesis pathway of the albino zone of leaves was blocked. Upregulated expression of the hydrangea ringspot virus (HdRSV) coat protein (CP) gene was detected in albino tissue by RT-qPCR. Finally, combined UPLC-MS/MS and RNA-seq analyses revealed metabolic changes involving multiple pathways in albino leaf tissue, centered on the TCA cycle. We hypothesize that HdRSV may alter energy metabolism in the albino zone of leaves, including increased lipid metabolism, reduced sugar metabolism, and increased synthesis of amino acids and the viral capsid protein from ribosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Wenji Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Di Hu
- The Fine Arts College of Sichuan Normal University, No.1819 ChengLong Avenue, Longquanyi District, Chengdu, 610101, China.
| | - Ping Shen
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Yuan Zhu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210042, China.
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17
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Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhang H, Chen J, Cao J, Chen Q, Li X, Sun C. Polymethoxyflavones from citrus inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation through inducing apoptosis by upregulating RARβ, both in vitro and in vivo. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 146:111811. [PMID: 33058988 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In order to discover the active anti-tumor ingredients during the flavonoids separation process of Ougan (Citrus reticulata cv. Suavissima), gastric cancer cell lines including AGS, BGC-823, and SGC-7901 were employed to evaluate the proliferation inhibition abilities of Ougan extracts, flavanone components, polymethoxyflavone components, neohesperidin, nobiletin, tangeretin, and 5-demethylnobiletin. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of three retinoic acid receptor genes, including RARA, RARB, and RARG. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect protein expressions. The results showed that the polymethoxyflavone components and the PMFs monomers inhibited the proliferation of three gastric cancer cell lines and induced apoptosis. The mechanism exploration found that PMFs up-regulated the expression of the RARB gene selectively and activated the Caspase3, 9, and PARP1 proteins. In addition to 5-demethylnobiletin, other PMFs also upregulated the expression of cleaved Caspase8. The mechanism was preliminarily verified by a RARβ inhibitor AGN 193109. Moreover, a nude mice tumor xenograft model confirmed the tangeretin could exhibit in vivo anti-tumor effect through inducing apoptosis and upregulating RARβ protein. All result suggested that tangeretin may be a potentially novel, safe and effective drugs with less toxicity and lesser side effects for gastric cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yunyi Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - He Zhang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Jiebiao Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Jinping Cao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Qingjun Chen
- Zanyu Tecnology Group Co., LTD, No. 628, Xinggang Road, Qingshan Lake Science and Technology City, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xian Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Chongde Sun
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
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18
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Cheriet T, Ben-Bachir B, Thamri O, Seghiri R, Mancini I. Isolation and Biological Properties of the Natural Flavonoids Pectolinarin and Pectolinarigenin-A Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E417. [PMID: 32708783 PMCID: PMC7400350 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9070417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are metabolites widely distributed in plants and commonly present in foods, such as fruits and vegetables. Pectolinarin, which belongs to the flavone subclass, has attracted considerable attention due to its presence in many medicinal plants. It has turned out to be a good biological agent especially due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antitumor activities, evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Its aglycone, the metabolite pectolinarigenin, is also known for a series of biological properties including anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects. In the first overview on the two metabolites here presented, their collection, isolation and the results of their biological evaluation are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamere Cheriet
- Unité de Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Molécules Bioactives et Analyse Physicochimiques et Biologiques (VARENBIOMOL), Université des Frères Mentouri, 25000 Constantine, Algeria;
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohamed Boudiaf-M’sila, 28000 M’sila, Algeria; (B.B.-B.); (O.T.)
| | - Balkeis Ben-Bachir
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohamed Boudiaf-M’sila, 28000 M’sila, Algeria; (B.B.-B.); (O.T.)
| | - Oumelkhir Thamri
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohamed Boudiaf-M’sila, 28000 M’sila, Algeria; (B.B.-B.); (O.T.)
| | - Ramdane Seghiri
- Unité de Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Molécules Bioactives et Analyse Physicochimiques et Biologiques (VARENBIOMOL), Université des Frères Mentouri, 25000 Constantine, Algeria;
| | - Ines Mancini
- Laboratorio di Chimica Bioorganica, Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita’ di Trento, I-38123 Povo-Trento, Italy
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19
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Ferreira de Oliveira JMP, Santos C, Fernandes E. Therapeutic potential of hesperidin and its aglycone hesperetin: Cell cycle regulation and apoptosis induction in cancer models. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 73:152887. [PMID: 30975541 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability of cancer cells to divide without restriction and to escape programmed cell death is a feature of the proliferative state. Citrus flavanones are flavonoids with potential multiple anticancer actions, from antioxidant and chemopreventive, to anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, cytostatic and cytotoxic in different cancer models. PURPOSE This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the antiproliferative actions of the citrus flavanones hesperidin (HSD) and hesperetin (HST), with emphasis on cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. METHODS Cochrane Library, Scopus, Pubmed and Web of Science collection databases were queried for publications reporting antiproliferative effects of HSD and HST in cancer models. RESULTS HSD and HST have been proven to delay cell proliferation in several cancer models. Depending on the compound, dose and cell line studied, different effects have been reported. Cell cycle arrest associated with cytostatic effects has been reported in cells with increased levels of p53 and also cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, as well as decreased levels of specific cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases. Moreover, apoptotic effects have been found to be associated with altered ratios of pro-/antiapoptotic proteins, caspase activation, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway activation and caspase-independent pathways. CONCLUSION Available scientific literature data indicate complex effects, dependent on cell lines and exposure conditions, suggesting that HSD and HST doses need to be optimized according to the cellular and organismal context. The establishment of the main antiproliferative mechanisms is of utmost importance for a possible therapeutic benefit of citrus flavanones in the context of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Miguel P Ferreira de Oliveira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Conceição Santos
- Integrated Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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20
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Koolaji N, Shammugasamy B, Schindeler A, Dong Q, Dehghani F, Valtchev P. Citrus Peel Flavonoids as Potential Cancer Prevention Agents. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa025. [PMID: 32391511 PMCID: PMC7199889 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus fruit and in particular flavonoid compounds from citrus peel have been identified as agents with utility in the treatment of cancer. This review provides a background and overview regarding the compounds found within citrus peel with putative anticancer potential as well as the associated in vitro and in vivo studies. Historical studies have identified a number of cellular processes that can be modulated by citrus peel flavonoids including cell proliferation, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, metastasis, and angiogenesis. More recently, molecular studies have started to elucidate the underlying cell signaling pathways that are responsible for the flavonoids' mechanism of action. These growing data support further research into the chemopreventative potential of citrus peel extracts, and purified flavonoids in particular. This critical review highlights new research in the field and synthesizes the pathways modulated by flavonoids and other polyphenolic compounds into a generalized schema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin Koolaji
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Center for Advanced Food Enginomics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Balakrishnan Shammugasamy
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Center for Advanced Food Enginomics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Aaron Schindeler
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Center for Advanced Food Enginomics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Bioengineering & Molecular Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Qihan Dong
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- Greg Brown Laboratory, Central Clinical School and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fariba Dehghani
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Center for Advanced Food Enginomics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter Valtchev
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Center for Advanced Food Enginomics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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21
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Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Indian caper (Capparis brevispina DC (Capparaceae)) leaf extracts. Eur J Integr Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2019.101038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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22
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Shammugasamy B, Valtchev P, Dong Q, Dehghani F. Effect of citrus peel extracts on the cellular quiescence of prostate cancer cells. Food Funct 2019; 10:3727-3737. [PMID: 31169845 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00455f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The re-entry of quiescent cancer cells to the cell cycle plays a key role in cancer recurrence, which can pose a high risk after primary treatment. Citrus peel extracts (CPEs) contain compounds that can potentially impair tumour growth; however the mechanism of action and effects on cell cycle regulation remain unclear. In this study, the capacity of an ethyl acetate : hexane extract (CPE/hexane) and water extract (CPE/water) to modulate the cell cycle re-entry of quiescent (PC-3 and LNCaP) prostate cancer cells was tested in an in vitro culture system. Cell cycle analysis showed that the quiescent PC-3 and LNCaP cancer cells in the presence of CPE/water were impaired in their ability to enter the S phase where only 2-3% reduction of G0/G1 cells was noted compared to 12-18% reduction of control cells. In contrast, the CPE/hexane did not show any cell cycle inhibition activity in both cell lines. A low DNA synthesis rate and weak apoptosis were observed in quiescent cancer cells treated with CPEs. Hesperidin and narirutin, the predominant flavonoids found in citrus fruits, were not responsible for the observed biological activity, implicating alternative bioactive compounds. Notably, citric acid was identified as one of the compounds present in CPEs that acts as a cell cycle re-entry inhibitor. Citric acid exhibited a higher cell toxicity effect on PC-3 prostate cancer cells than non-cancerous RWPE-1 prostate cells, suggesting specific benefits for cancer treatment. In conclusion, CPE containing citric acid together with various bioactive compounds may be used as a chemopreventive agent for post-therapy cancer patients.
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23
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Ajebli M, Eddouks M. Flavonoid-Enriched Extract from Desert Plant Warionia saharae Improves Glucose and Cholesterol Levels in Diabetic Rats. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem 2019; 17:28-39. [PMID: 30666919 PMCID: PMC6875866 DOI: 10.2174/1871525717666190121143934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objective: Warionia saharae Benth and Coss, is a medicinal plant used for its anti-diabetic properties in Morocco. This study was designed to examine the effect of the Flavonoid-Enriched Extract (FEE) obtained from Warionia saharae (W. saharae) on glucose and lipid metabolism in normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Acute (6 h) and sub-chronic (15 days) oral administration of FEE (10 mg/kg) was used to assess the glucose and lipid-lowering activity in normal and diabetic rats. Furthermore, glucose test tolerance, liver histopathological examination and in vitro antioxidant activity of FEE were carried out in this study. Results: Results indicated that FEE was able to exert antihyperglycemic activity. Additionally, FEE improved histopathological status of liver and pancreas in diabetic rats and possessed antioxidant activity. Conclusion: In conclusion, the present investigation revealed that FEE had potent antidiabetic effect in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ajebli
- Team of Physiology and Endocrine Pharmacology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University, BP 509, Boutalamine, Errachidia, 52000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Eddouks
- Team of Physiology and Endocrine Pharmacology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University, BP 509, Boutalamine, Errachidia, 52000, Morocco
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24
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Chaemsawang W, Prasongchean W, Papadopoulos KI, Ritthidej G, Sukrong S, Wattanaarsakit P. The Effect of Okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) Seed Extract on Human Cancer Cell Lines Delivered in Its Native Form and Loaded in Polymeric Micelles. Int J Biomater 2019. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9404383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a noncommunicable disease with a high worldwide incidence and mortality rate. The National Cancer Institute of Thailand reports increasing cumulative incidence of breast, colorectal, liver, lung, and cervical cancers, accounting for more than 60% of all cancers in the kingdom. In this current work, we attempt to elucidate the phytochemical composition of the okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) seed extract (OSE) and study its anticancer activity, delivered in its native form as well as in the form of polymeric micelles with enhanced solubility, in three carcinoma cell lines (MCF-7, HeLa, and HepG2). The presence of flavonoid compounds in the OSE was successfully confirmed, and direct delivery had the highest cytotoxic effect on the breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), followed by the hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cell lines in that order, while its delivery in polymeric micelles further increased this effect only in the HepG2 cell line. The OSE’s observed cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines demonstrated a dose and time-dependent cell proliferation and migration inhibition plausibly due to VEGF production inhibition, leading to apoptosis and cell death, conceivably due to the four flavonoid compounds noted in the current study, one of which was isoquercitrin. However, in view of the latter compound’s isolated effects being inferior to those observed by the OSE, we hypothesize that either isoquercitrin requires the biological synergy of any one or all of the observed flavonoids or any of the three in isolation or all in concert are responsible. Further studies are required to elucidate the nature of the three unknown compounds. Furthermore, as we encountered significant problems in dissolving the okra seed extract and creating the polymeric micelles, further studies are needed to devise a clinically beneficial delivery and targeting system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watcharaphong Chaemsawang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phyathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Weerapong Prasongchean
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phyathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Konstantinos I. Papadopoulos
- THAI StemLife, 566/3 Soi Ramkhamhaeng 39 (Thepleela 1), Prachaouthit Rd, Wang Thonglang, Bangkok 10310, Thailand
| | - Garnpimol Ritthidej
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phyathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Suchada Sukrong
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phyathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Research Unit of DNA Barcoding of Thai Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phyathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Phanphen Wattanaarsakit
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phyathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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25
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Chaemsawang W, Prasongchean W, Papadopoulos KI, Ritthidej G, Sukrong S, Wattanaarsakit P. The Effect of Okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) Seed Extract on Human Cancer Cell Lines Delivered in Its Native Form and Loaded in Polymeric Micelles. Int J Biomater 2019; 2019:9404383. [PMID: 31781223 PMCID: PMC6855069 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9404383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a noncommunicable disease with a high worldwide incidence and mortality rate. The National Cancer Institute of Thailand reports increasing cumulative incidence of breast, colorectal, liver, lung, and cervical cancers, accounting for more than 60% of all cancers in the kingdom. In this current work, we attempt to elucidate the phytochemical composition of the okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) seed extract (OSE) and study its anticancer activity, delivered in its native form as well as in the form of polymeric micelles with enhanced solubility, in three carcinoma cell lines (MCF-7, HeLa, and HepG2). The presence of flavonoid compounds in the OSE was successfully confirmed, and direct delivery had the highest cytotoxic effect on the breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), followed by the hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cell lines in that order, while its delivery in polymeric micelles further increased this effect only in the HepG2 cell line. The OSE's observed cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines demonstrated a dose and time-dependent cell proliferation and migration inhibition plausibly due to VEGF production inhibition, leading to apoptosis and cell death, conceivably due to the four flavonoid compounds noted in the current study, one of which was isoquercitrin. However, in view of the latter compound's isolated effects being inferior to those observed by the OSE, we hypothesize that either isoquercitrin requires the biological synergy of any one or all of the observed flavonoids or any of the three in isolation or all in concert are responsible. Further studies are required to elucidate the nature of the three unknown compounds. Furthermore, as we encountered significant problems in dissolving the okra seed extract and creating the polymeric micelles, further studies are needed to devise a clinically beneficial delivery and targeting system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watcharaphong Chaemsawang
- 1Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phyathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Weerapong Prasongchean
- 2Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phyathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Konstantinos I. Papadopoulos
- 3THAI StemLife, 566/3 Soi Ramkhamhaeng 39 (Thepleela 1), Prachaouthit Rd, Wang Thonglang, Bangkok 10310, Thailand
| | - Garnpimol Ritthidej
- 1Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phyathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Suchada Sukrong
- 4Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phyathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- 5Research Unit of DNA Barcoding of Thai Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phyathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Phanphen Wattanaarsakit
- 1Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phyathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Orafaie A, Matin MM, Sadeghian H. The importance of 15-lipoxygenase inhibitors in cancer treatment. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2018; 37:397-408. [DOI: 10.1007/s10555-018-9738-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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27
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Vukovic NL, Obradovic AD, Vukic MD, Jovanovic D, Djurdjevic PM. Cytotoxic, proapoptotic and antioxidative potential of flavonoids isolated from propolis against colon (HCT-116) and breast (MDA-MB-231) cancer cell lines. Food Res Int 2018; 106:71-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Stanisic D, Costa AF, Cruz G, Durán N, Tasic L. Applications of Flavonoids, With an Emphasis on Hesperidin, as Anticancer Prodrugs: Phytotherapy as an Alternative to Chemotherapy. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64056-7.00006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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29
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Wang TY, Li Q, Bi KS. Bioactive flavonoids in medicinal plants: Structure, activity and biological fate. Asian J Pharm Sci 2017; 13:12-23. [PMID: 32104374 PMCID: PMC7032191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 450] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids, a class of polyphenol secondary metabolites, are presented broadly in plants and diets. They are believed to have various bioactive effects including anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-aging, etc. Their basic structures consist of C6-C3-C6 rings with different substitution patterns to produce a series of subclass compounds, and correlations between chemical structures and bioactivities have been studied before. Given their poor bioavailability, however, information about associations between structure and biological fate is limited and urgently needed. This review therefore attempts to bring some order into relationships between structure, activity as well as pharmacokinetics of bioactive flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Kai-Shun Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
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Lin TH, Hsu WH, Tsai PH, Huang YT, Lin CW, Chen KC, Tsai IH, Kandaswami CC, Huang CJ, Chang GD, Lee MT, Cheng CH. Dietary flavonoids, luteolin and quercetin, inhibit invasion of cervical cancer by reduction of UBE2S through epithelial-mesenchymal transition signaling. Food Funct 2017; 8:1558-1568. [PMID: 28277581 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00551a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that the dietary flavonoids, luteolin and quercetin, might inhibit the invasiveness of cervical cancer by reversing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling. However, the regulatory mechanism exerted by luteolin and quercetin is still unclear. This study analyzed the invasiveness activation by ubiquitin E2S ligase (UBE2S) through EMT signaling and inhibition by luteolin and quercetin. We found that UBE2S expression was significantly higher in highly invasive A431 subgroup III (A431-III) than A431-parental (A431-P) cells. UBE2S small interfering (si)RNA knockdown and overexpression experiments showed that UBE2S increased the migratory and invasive abilities of cancer cells through EMT signaling. Luteolin and quercetin significantly inhibited UBE2S expression. UBE2S showed a negative correlation with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) and a positive correlation with hypoxia-induced factor (Hif)-1α. Our findings suggest that high UBE2S in malignant cancers contributes to cell motility through EMT signaling and is reversed by luteolin and quercetin. UBE2S might contribute to Hif-1α signaling in cervical cancer. These results show the metastatic inhibition of cervical cancer by luteolin and quercetin through reducing UBE2S expression, and provide a functional role for UBE2S in the motility of cervical cancer. UBE2S could be a potential therapeutic target in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Han Lin
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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31
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Mohib M, Afnan K, Paran TZ, Khan S, Sarker J, Hasan N, Hasan I, Sagor AT. Beneficial Role of Citrus Fruit Polyphenols Against Hepatic Dysfunctions: A Review. J Diet Suppl 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2017.1330301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohabbulla Mohib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Kazi Afnan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tasfiq Zaman Paran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Salma Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Juthika Sarker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nahid Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Istiaque Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Taher Sagor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Liu F, Han S, Ni Y. Isolation and purification of four flavanones from peel of Citrus changshanensis. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Shuai Han
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Tsinghua East Road; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Yuanying Ni
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Tsinghua East Road; Beijing 100083 China
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Waziri PM, Abdullah R, Yeap SK, Omar AR, Abdul AB, Kassim NK, Malami I, Karunakaran T, Imam MU. Clausenidin from Clausena excavata induces apoptosis in hepG2 cells via the mitochondrial pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:549-558. [PMID: 27729282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Clausena excavata Burm.f. is used locally in folk medicine for the treatment of cancer in South East Asia. AIM OF THE STUDY To determine the mechanism of action of pure clausenidin crystals in the induction of hepatocellular carcinoma (hepG2) cells apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pure clausenidin was isolated from Clausena excavata Burm.f. and characterized using 1H and 13C NMR spectra. Clausenidin-induced cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay. The morphology of hepG2 after treatment with clausenidin was determined by fluorescence and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The effect of clausenidin on the apoptotic genes and proteins were determined by real-time qPCR and protein array profiling, respectively. The involvement of the mitochondria in clausenidin-induced apoptosis was investigated using MMP, caspase 3 and 9 assays. RESULTS Clausenidin induced significant (p<0.05) and dose-dependent apoptosis of hepG2 cells. Cell cycle assay showed that clausenidin induced a G2/M phase arrest, caused mitochondrial membrane depolarization and significantly (p<0.05) increased expression of caspases 3 and 9, which suggest the involvement of the mitochondria in the apoptotic signals. In addition, clausenidin caused decreased expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl 2 and increased expression of the pro-apoptotic protein, Bax. This finding was confirmed by the downregulation of Bcl-2 gene and upregulation of the Bax gene in the treated hepG2 cells. CONCLUSION Clausenidin extracted from Clausena excavata Burm.f. is an anti-hepG2 cell compound as shown by its ability to induce apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Clausenidin can potentially be developed into an anticancer compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Waziri
- MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Biochemistry, Kaduna State University, Main Campus, PMB 2336 Kaduna, Nigeria.
| | - Rasedee Abdullah
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Therapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Therapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Bustamam Abdul
- MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nur Kartinee Kassim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ibrahim Malami
- MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Thiruventhan Karunakaran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mustapha Umar Imam
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, PR China.
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Anti-Obesity and Hypoglycemic Effects of Poncirus trifoliata L. Extracts in High-Fat Diet C57BL/6 Mice. Molecules 2016; 21:453. [PMID: 27058520 PMCID: PMC6273343 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the possible anti-obesity and hypoglycemic effects of Poncirus trifoliata L. extracts. Mature fruit were divided into flavedo (PF) and juice sacs (PJ), and extracts from them were tested on C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for thirteen weeks. Both fruit extracts (40 mg/kg body weight, respectively) showed anti-obesity and hypoglycemic effects. Consumption of PF and PJ extracts reduced body weight by 9.21% and 20.27%, respectively. Liver and adipose weights, fasting glucose, serum triglyceride (TG), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels decreased significantly, while serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and oral glucose tolerance levels increased significantly in response to two fruit extracts. These effects were due in part to the modulation of serum insulin, leptin, and adiponectin. Furthermore, transcript levels of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) were reduced while those of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1α (CPT1α) and insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) were increased in the liver of C57BL/6 mice, which might be an important mechanism affecting lipid and glucose metabolism. Taken together, P. trifoliata fruit can be potentially used to prevent or treat obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
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Ryu HW, Song HH, Shin IS, Cho BO, Jeong SH, Kim DY, Ahn KS, Oh SR. Suffruticosol A isolated from Paeonia lactiflora seedcases attenuates airway inflammation in mice induced by cigarette smoke and LPS exposure. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
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Huang H, Chen AY, Rojanasakul Y, Ye X, Rankin GO, Chen YC. Dietary compounds galangin and myricetin suppress ovarian cancer cell angiogenesis. J Funct Foods 2015; 15:464-475. [PMID: 26113875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Galangin and myricetin are flavonoids isolated from vegetables and fruits which exhibit anti-proliferative activity in human cancer cells. In this study, their anti-angiogenic effects were investigated with in vitro (HUVEC) and in vivo (CAM) models, which showed that galangin and myricetin inhibited angiogenesis induced by OVCAR-3 cells. The molecular mechanisms through which galangin and myricetin suppress angiogenesis were also studied. It was observed that galangin and myricetin inhibited secretion of the key angiogenesis mediator vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and decreased levels of p-Akt, p-70S6K and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) proteins in A2780/CP70 and OVCAR-3 cells. Transient transfection experiments showed that galangin and myricetin inhibited secretion of VEGF by the Akt/p70S6K/ HIF-1α pathway. Moreover, a novel pathway, p21/HIF-1α/VEGF, was found to be involved in the inhibitory effect of myricetin on angiogenesis in OVCAR-3 cells. These data suggest that galangin and myricetin might serve as potential anti-angiogenic agents in the prevention of ovarian cancers dependent on new blood vessel networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhi Huang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, China ; College of Science, Technology & Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
| | - Allen Y Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Gary O Rankin
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Yi Charlie Chen
- College of Science, Technology & Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
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