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Fazel MF, Abu IF, Mohamad MHN, Mat Daud NA, Hasan AN, Aboo Bakkar Z, Md Khir MAN, Juliana N, Das S, Mohd Razali MR, Zainal Baharin NH, Ismail AA. Physicochemistry, Nutritional, and Therapeutic Potential of Ficus carica - A Promising Nutraceutical. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:1947-1968. [PMID: 38831870 PMCID: PMC11146627 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s436446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In an era where synthetic supplements have raised concerns regarding their effects on human health, Ficus carica has emerged as a natural alternative rich in polyphenolic compounds with potent therapeutic properties. Various studies on F. carica focusing on the analysis and validation of its pharmacological and nutritional properties are emerging. This paper summarizes present data and information on the phytochemical, nutritional values, therapeutic potential, as well as the toxicity profile of F. carica. An extensive search was conducted from various databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar. A total of 126 studies and articles related to F. carica that were published between 1999 and 2023 were included in this review. Remarkably, F. carica exhibits a diverse array of advantageous effects, including, but not limited to, antioxidant, anti-neurodegenerative, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, antiepileptic, anticonvulsant, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-angiogenic, antidiabetic, anti-cancer, and antimutagenic properties. Among the highlights include that antioxidants from F. carica were demonstrated to inhibit cholinesterase, potentially protecting neurons in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative conditions. The antimicrobial activities of F. carica were attributed to its high flavonoids and terpenoids content, while its virucidal action through the inhibition of DNA and RNA replication was postulated due to its triterpenes content. Inflammatory and arthritic conditions may also benefit from its anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic properties through the modulation of various signalling proteins. Studies have also shown that F. carica extracts were generally safe and exhibit low toxicity profile, although more research in this aspect is required, specifically its effects on the skin. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential of F. carica as a valuable natural therapeutic agent and dietary supplement. However, continued exploration on F. carica's safety and efficacy is still required prior to embarking on clinical trials, as its role in personalized nutrition and medication will open a new paradigm to improve health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Fattah Fazel
- Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Izuddin Fahmy Abu
- Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Haiqal Nizar Mohamad
- Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Alor Gajah, Malacca, Malaysia
| | - Noor Arniwati Mat Daud
- Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Najib Hasan
- Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zainie Aboo Bakkar
- Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Alif Naim Md Khir
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norsham Juliana
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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Chen X, Wei DD, Lin M, Wang XS, Kang HJ, Ni L, Qian DW, Guo S, Duan JA. Comparative evaluation of four Lycium barbarum cultivars on NaIO 3-induced retinal degeneration mice via multivariate statistical analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 325:117889. [PMID: 38336183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The fruit of Lycium barbarum L. (goji berry) is a traditional Chinese medicine and is often used to improve vision. While various goji cultivars may differentially treat retinal degeneration, however their comparative effectiveness remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the protective effects of four goji cultivars on NaIO3-induced retinal degeneration mouse model and identify the most therapeutically potent cultivar. MATERIALS AND METHODS The principal compounds in the extracts of four goji cultivars were characterized by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. A retinal degeneration mouse model was established via NaIO3 injection. Dark-light transition and TUNEL assays were used to assess visual function and retinal apoptosis. The levels of antioxidative, inflammatory, and angiogenic markers in serums and eyeballs were measured. Hierarchical cluster analysis, principal component analysis and partial least squares-discriminant analysis were used to objectively compare the treatment responses. RESULTS Sixteen compounds were identified in goji berry extracts. All goji berry extracts could reverse NaIO3-induced visual impairment, retinal damage and apoptosis. The samples from the cultivar of Ningqi No.1 significantly modulated oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular endothelial growth factor levels, which are more effectively than the other cultivars based on integrated multivariate profiling. CONCLUSION Ningqi No.1 demonstrated a stronger protective effect on mouse retina than other goji cultivars, and is a potential variety for further research on the treatment of retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization/ National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wei
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization/ National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ming Lin
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization/ National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xue-Sen Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization/ National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hong-Jie Kang
- Ningxia Innovation Center of Goji R & D, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Liang Ni
- Guizhou Tongde Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tongren, 554300, China
| | - Da-Wei Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization/ National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Sheng Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization/ National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization/ National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Kebal L, Djebli N, Pokajewicz K, Mostefa N, Wieczorek PP. Antioxidant Activity and Effectiveness of Fig Extract in Counteracting Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Oxidative Damage in Rats. Molecules 2024; 29:1997. [PMID: 38731494 PMCID: PMC11085187 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Figs are the edible fruits of the fig tree, Ficus carica L., that have been used for centuries for human consumption and in traditional medicine, to treat skin problems, inflammation, and gastrointestinal disorders. Our previous study investigated the presence of phenolic compounds in aqueous extracts of two Algerian popular fig varieties, azendjar (Az) and taamriouth (Ta), as well as their in vitro antioxidant activity. In this study, we assessed hydroethanolic extracts of these fig varieties. The total phenolic content was measured, along with the phenolic profile. Rutin was determined to be the dominant phenolic compound, followed by vanillic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, quercetin, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, rosmarinic acid (in Az only), and cinnamic acid. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated both in vitro (DPPH and FRAP assays) and in vivo, in rats intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride. In all assays, the fig extract-especially the dark-peeled fig variety azendjar-showed antioxidant potency. The administration of fig extract resulted in a reduction in liver damage, expressed by both different biochemical markers and histopathological study (less degraded liver architecture, reduced fibrosis, and only mild inflammation). A dose-dependent therapeutic effect was observed. The extract from the dark-peeled fig variety, Az, was characterized by a higher phenolic content and a stronger antioxidant activity than the extract from the light-peeled variety-Ta. Our study justifies the use of figs in traditional healing and shows the potential of using fig extracts in natural medicines and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Kebal
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Api-Phytotherapy, Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Mostaganem (UMAB), Mostaganem 2700, Algeria
| | - Noureddine Djebli
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Api-Phytotherapy, Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Mostaganem (UMAB), Mostaganem 2700, Algeria
| | - Katarzyna Pokajewicz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Opole, Pl. Kopernika 11a, 45-040 Opole, Poland
| | - Nadjet Mostefa
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Api-Phytotherapy, Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Mostaganem (UMAB), Mostaganem 2700, Algeria
| | - Piotr P. Wieczorek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Opole, Pl. Kopernika 11a, 45-040 Opole, Poland
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Kukavica B, Škondrić S, Trifković T, Mišić D, Gašić U, Topalić-Trivunović L, Savić A, Velemir A, Davidović-Plavšić B, Šešić M, Lukić N. Comparative polyphenolic profiling of five ethnomedicinal plants and their applicative potential in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117377. [PMID: 37939910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The medicinal plants Salvia officinalis, Trifolium pratense, Agrimonia eupatoria, Cichorium intybus and Vinca minor are traditionally used for the prevention and treatment of numerous diseases, including diabetes. AIM OF THE STUDY Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the most common diseases nowadays, often accompanied by oxidative stress and microbial infections. The aim of our work was to examine the antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of ethanol extracts of five medicinal plants for the purpose of their possible use in the treatment of T2D. MATERIALS AND METHODS The polyphenolic profile of the plant extracts was analyzed by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography with a diode array detector configured with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (UHPLC/DAD/(-)HESI-MS2). In vitro antidiabetic activity of extracts was determined by measuring the percentage of α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition. The antioxidant activity of the extract was determined by different spectrophotometric methods, while the antimicrobial activity was determined by agar dilution and disc diffusion methods. RESULTS A. eupatoria extract contains the highest percentage of flavonoids (94%, with isoquercetin, vitexin, and rutin as the most abundant) in relation to the concentration of total phenolic compounds and exhibits excellent antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity. S. officinalis extract contains 60% flavonoids (predominately cirsimaritin and epigallocatechin gallate) and 40% phenolic acids (with rosmarinic acid being the most abundant from this group) and exhibits weak antidiabetic activity, significant antioxidant activity, and excellent antibacterial activity. A 45% percentage of flavonoids (with isoquercetin as the most abundant one) and 55% of phenolic acids (with ferulic acid as the most abundant) were measured in the extract of T. pratense, which had excellent antidiabetic activity but weaker antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. A similar percentage of flavonoids (52%, with epigallocatechin gallate in the highest concentration) and phenolic acids (48%, with chlorogenic acid as the most abundant) was measured in the extract of C. intybus which showed moderate antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. The extract of V. minor was the richest in phenolic acids (80%, with the most abundant chlorogenic acid), which resulted in weaker antidiabetic and antioxidant activities (except for Fe2+ chelating ability) and antimicrobial activity. CONCLUSION The results indicate that specific phenolic compounds are responsible for the different biological activities of the plant extracts. Among the investigated plants, the extract of A. eupatoria has the greatest potential for applications in the treatment of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Kukavica
- University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Mladena Stojanovića 2, 78000, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Siniša Škondrić
- University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Mladena Stojanovića 2, 78000, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Tanja Trifković
- University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Mladena Stojanovića 2, 78000, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Danijela Mišić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" Natonal Institute of Republic of Serbia, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Uroš Gašić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" Natonal Institute of Republic of Serbia, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ljiljana Topalić-Trivunović
- University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Technology, Vojvode Stepe Stepanovića 75, 78000, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Aleksandar Savić
- University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Technology, Vojvode Stepe Stepanovića 75, 78000, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Ana Velemir
- University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Technology, Vojvode Stepe Stepanovića 75, 78000, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Biljana Davidović-Plavšić
- University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Mladena Stojanovića 2, 78000, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Milica Šešić
- University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Mladena Stojanovića 2, 78000, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Nataša Lukić
- University of Hohenheim, Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, Ottilie-Zeller-Weg 2, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany; University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Bulevar vojvode Stepe Stepanovića 75a, 78000 Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Raman APS, Pongpaiboon S, Bhatia R, Lal Dabodhia K, Kumar A, Kumar D, Jain P, Sagar M, Singh P, Kumari K. In silico study on antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of bioactive compounds in Ficus carica L. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37545143 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2240425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is one of the diagnostic issues in diabetes mellitus and is considered as a complex metabolic condition. It has been one of the most prevalent illnesses of the twenty-first century and still rising at an alarming rate across the globe and expected to impact 693 million individuals by 2045. Therefore, it is mandatory to develop more effective and safer treatments to manage diabetes. One of the ways to manage hyperglycemia is through inhibiting carbohydrate digestion and thereby lowering the glucose formation in the human body. The enzyme salivary amylase and pancreatic amylase is responsible for cleaving α-1,4-glucoside bond. Amylase inhibitors can lower blood glucose in diabetics by slowing digestion. Ficus carica is commonly known for its medicinal properties due to its various phytochemicals. In the present study, 10 phytochemicals present in F. carica compounds named, β-carotene, lutein, cyanidin-3-glucoside, gallic acid, luteolin, catechin, kaempferol, vanillic acid, peonidin-3-glucoside, and quercetin hydrate were taken to study their inhibition potential against pancreatic amylase and salivary amylase through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Further, density functional theory calculations are used to investigate the delocalization of electron density on the molecule as well as study ADME properties of the molecules take. A QSAR model has been developed using the binding energy obtained using molecular docking and thermodynamic parameters from DFT calculations.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siwat Pongpaiboon
- Neerja Modi School, Shipra Path, Mansarovar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rohit Bhatia
- Ndeavours Research, Mansarovar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Pallavi Jain
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Modinagar, India
| | - Mansi Sagar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Prashant Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Kamlesh Kumari
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Rybak M, Wojdyło A. Inhibition of α-Amylase, α-Glucosidase, Pancreatic Lipase, 15-Lipooxygenase and Acetylcholinesterase Modulated by Polyphenolic Compounds, Organic Acids, and Carbohydrates of Prunus domestica Fruit. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1380. [PMID: 37507919 PMCID: PMC10376563 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to establish the content of phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, and organic acids and to determine their potential to inactivate α-amylase, α-glucosidase, pancreatic lipase, 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), and antioxidant activity (ABTSo+ and FRAP) in 43 Prunus domestica cultivars. We identified 20 phenolic compounds, including, in the order of abundance, polymeric procyanidins, flavan-3-ols, phenolic acids, flavonols, and anthocyanins. The total content of phenolic compounds varied depending on the cultivar and ranged from 343.75 to 1419 mg/100 g d.w. The cultivars of Ś2, Ś11, and Ś16 accumulated the greatest amounts of polyphenols, while in cvs. Ś42, Ś35, and Ś20 polyphenols were the least abundant. The highest antioxidant potential of 7.71 (ABTSo+) and 13.28 (FRAP) mmoL Trolox/100 g d.w. was confirmed for cv. Ś11. P. domestica fruits showed inhibitory activity toward α-amylase (2.63-61.53), α-glucosidase (0.19-24.07), pancreatic lipase (0.50-8.20), and lipoxygenase (15-LOX; 4.19-32.67), expressed as IC50 (mg/mL). The anti-AChE effect was stronger than the anti-BuChE one. Cv. Ś3 did not inhibit AChE activity, while cv. Ś35 did not inhibit BuChE. Thanks to the abundance of biologically active compounds, P. domestica offers several health-promoting benefits and may prevent many diseases. For these reasons, they are worth introducing into a daily diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Rybak
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Nutraceutical Plant Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aneta Wojdyło
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Nutraceutical Plant Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
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7
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Yoo JH, Lee JS, Jang JH, Jung JI, Kim EJ, Choi SY. AGEs Blocker™ (Goji Berry, Fig, and Korean Mint Mixed Extract) Inhibits Skin Aging Caused by Streptozotocin-Induced Glycation in Hairless Mice. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2023; 28:134-140. [PMID: 37416794 PMCID: PMC10321449 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2023.28.2.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycation is a cause of skin aging. This study investigated in a glycation-induced skin aging mouse model the effects on skin and mechanism of action of AGEs Blocker™ (AB), which contains goji berry, fig, and Korean mint mixed extract. This study sought to demonstrate the antiglycation effect of streptozotocin, thereby improving skin aging, by measuring advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and various skin parameters, including collagen; matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs); inflammatory cytokines; activities of oxidative enzymes; and skin wrinkles, elasticity, and hydration. This study found that skin wrinkles, elasticity, and hydration improved with AB. Particularly, the oral administration of AB suppressed AGEs, receptors of AGEs, and carboxymethyl lysine in blood and skin tissue. In addition, AB increased the activities of antioxidative enzymes, reduced inflammatory cytokines, suppressed MMP-9 expression, and increased the contents of collagen and hyaluronic acid, ultimately suppressing skin wrinkles and increasing skin elasticity and hydration. Therefore, AB can inhibit skin aging through its antiglycation effect and is thus considered a good ingredient for skin care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Yoo
- Functional Ingredient Development Team, COSMAX NS, Inc., Gyeonggi 13486 Korea
| | - Je Sung Lee
- New Technology Business Team, COSMAX NS, Inc., Gyeonggi 13486 Korea
| | - Ji Hwan Jang
- New Technology Business Team, COSMAX NS, Inc., Gyeonggi 13486 Korea
| | - Jae In Jung
- Industry coupled Cooperation Center for Bio Healthcare Materials, Hallym University, Gangwon 24252, Korea
| | - Eun Ji Kim
- Industry coupled Cooperation Center for Bio Healthcare Materials, Hallym University, Gangwon 24252, Korea
| | - Su-Young Choi
- Functional Ingredient Development Team, COSMAX NBT, Inc., Gyeonggi 13487, Korea
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8
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Sandhu AK, Islam M, Edirisinghe I, Burton-Freeman B. Phytochemical Composition and Health Benefits of Figs (Fresh and Dried): A Review of Literature from 2000 to 2022. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112623. [PMID: 37299587 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
With their rich history dating back 6000 years, figs are one of the oldest known plants to mankind and are a classical fruit in the Mediterranean diet. They possess a diverse array of bioactive components, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, carotenoids, and tocopherols, which have been used for centuries in traditional medicine for their health-promoting effects addressing gastrointestinal, respiratory, inflammatory, metabolic, and cardiovascular issues. This review summarizes the updated information on the phenolic composition, antioxidant capacity and other functional properties of fresh and dried figs cultivated in various parts of the world, highlighting variation in phenolic composition based on cultivar, harvesting time, maturity stage, processing, and fig parts. Additionally, the review delves into the bio-accessibility and bio-availability of bioactive components from figs and their potential influence on cardiovascular health, diabetes, obesity, and gut/digestive health. Data suggest that the intake of figs regularly in the diet, alone or with other dried fruits, increases select micronutrient intake and is associated with higher diet quality, respectively. Research in animal and human models of health and disease risk provide preliminary health benefits data on figs and their extracts from fig parts; however, additional well-controlled human studies, particularly using fig fruit, will be required to uncover and verify the potential impact of dietary intake of figs on modern day health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep K Sandhu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Nutrition Research, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Maria Islam
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Nutrition Research, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Indika Edirisinghe
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Nutrition Research, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Britt Burton-Freeman
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Nutrition Research, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
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Zhao C, Li X, Li C, Li S, Tian Y, Wang TT, Fu Y. Ingenious application of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium to improve the extraction yield of psoralen in fig ( Ficus carica L.) leaves. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:508-513. [PMID: 34546825 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1980792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) disodium was first chosen as catalyst to convert psoralenoside (PO) to psoralen (PSO) for increasing the extraction yield of PSO. An efficient continuous system for synchronous transformation and extraction of PSO from fig leaves applying microwave-assisted EDTA disodium (MAE-EDTA) was developed. The optimal MAE-EDTA condition was obtained: EDTA disodium concentration of 0.07 mol·L-1, ethanol volume fraction of 56%, extraction time of 16 min, and extraction temperature of 70 °C by single factor experiments and response surface method (RSM). Under the optimal condition, the yield of PSO reached 27.24 mg·g-1. Compared with microwave-assisted ethanol extraction (MAE) and reflux extraction (RE), the yield of PSO by MAE-EDTA is 2.03-fold higher than RE and 1.70-fold higher than MAE. Therefore, MAE-EDTA is an efficient method for extracting PSO from fig leaves, and it might provide references for the extraction of PSO from other medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, P.R. China.,College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Development and Utilization of Forest Resources, Harbin, P.R. China.,Engineering Research Centre of Forest Bio-Preparation Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, P.R. China.,College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Chunying Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, P.R. China.,College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, P.R. China.,State Engineering Laboratory for Bio-Resource Eco-Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Shen Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, P.R. China.,College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, P.R. China.,College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - TTingting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, P.R. China.,College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, P.R. China.,College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Development and Utilization of Forest Resources, Harbin, P.R. China.,Engineering Research Centre of Forest Bio-Preparation Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, P.R. China
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10
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Damena T, Alem MB, Zeleke D, Demissie TB, Desalegn T. Synthesis and Computational Studies of Novel Cobalt(II) and Oxovanadium(IV) Complexes of Quinoline Carbaldehyde Derivative Ligand for Antibacterial and Antioxidant Applications. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.134994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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11
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Hajam TA, H S. Phytochemistry, biological activities, industrial and traditional uses of fig (Ficus carica): A review. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 368:110237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Dewi MK, Chaerunisaa AY, Muhaimin M, Joni IM. Improved Activity of Herbal Medicines through Nanotechnology. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12224073. [PMID: 36432358 PMCID: PMC9695685 DOI: 10.3390/nano12224073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemicals or secondary metabolites are substances produced by plants that have been shown to have many biological activities, providing a scientific basis for using herbs in traditional medicine. In addition, the use of herbs is considered to be safe and more economical compared to synthetic medicine. However, herbal medicines have disadvantages, such as having low solubility, stability, and bioavailability. Some of them can undergo physical and chemical degradation, which reduces their pharmacological activity. In recent decades, nanotechnology-based herbal drug formulations have attracted attention due to their enhanced activity and potential for overcoming the problems associated with herbal medicine. Approaches using nanotechnology-based delivery systems that are biocompatible, biodegradable, and based on lipids, polymers, or nanoemulsions can increase the solubility, stability, bioavailability, and pharmacological activity of herbals. This review article aims to provide an overview of the latest advances in the development of nanotechnology-based herbal drug formulations for increased activity, as well as a summary of the challenges these delivery systems for herbal medicines face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayang Kusuma Dewi
- Doctoral Study Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Jatinangor Km 21,5, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Anis Yohana Chaerunisaa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Muhaimin Muhaimin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - I Made Joni
- Functional Nano Powder University Center of Excellence (FiNder U CoE), Universitas Padjadjaran, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
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13
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Kebal L, Pokajewicz K, Djebli N, Mostefa N, Poliwoda A, Wieczorek PP. HPLC-DAD profile of phenolic compounds and In vitro antioxidant activity of Ficus carica L. fruits from two Algerian varieties. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113738. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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14
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Mustafa G, Zia-ur-Rehman M, Sumrra SH, Ashfaq M, Zafar W, Ashfaq M. A critical review on recent trends on pharmacological applications of pyrazolone endowed derivatives. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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15
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Singh JP, Singh B, Kaur A. Polyphenols in fig: a review on their characterisation, biochemistry during ripening, antioxidant activity and health benefits. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jatinder Pal Singh
- Department of Food Science and Technology Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar143005 PunjabIndia
| | - Balwinder Singh
- P.G. Department of Biotechnology Khalsa College Amritsar143002 PunjabIndia
| | - Amritpal Kaur
- Department of Food Science and Technology Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar143005 PunjabIndia
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16
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Ficus spp. fruits: Bioactive compounds and chemical, biological and pharmacological properties. Food Res Int 2022; 152:110928. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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17
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Núñez-Gómez D, Legua P, Martínez-Nicolás JJ, Melgarejo P. Breba Fruits Characterization from Four Varieties (Ficus carica L.) with Important Commercial Interest in Spain. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123138. [PMID: 34945688 PMCID: PMC8700890 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although most of the published articles generalize with the fruit of the fig tree (Ficus carica L.), the differentiation between fig and breba is increasingly common in the bibliography. In this regard, keep in mind that the fig tree generally produces two crops a year, the parthenocarpic breba, also called as early fig, and the main non-parthenocarpic crop, the fig proper. In this study, four brebas varieties (‘Colar’, ‘SuperFig1’, ‘Cuello de Dama Negro’ and ‘San Antonio’) were selected in order to identify compositional, nutritional, and chemical diversity. These varieties were chosen for their commercial relevance in Spain. Color (internal and external), fruit and peel weight, size, pH, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), maturity index (MI), sugar, and organic content were determined for all the breba fruits samples. In addition, polyphenolic profile, amino acids, and volatile aromatic compounds were also identified. The varieties ‘Colar’ and ‘SuperFig1’ showed the highest fruit weight and size, while ‘Cuello de Dama Negro’ presented the higher pulp yield. The higher organic acid and sugar contents were determined for ‘SuperFig1’ and ‘Cuello de Dama Negro’, respectively. Although in low concentrations, the phenolic compound quercetin 3-(6-O-acetyl-beta-glucoside) and the amino acid tyrosine were only detected in the ‘’Cuello de Dama Negra’ and ‘SuperFig1’ fruits, respectively. Of the eighty volatile aromatic compounds identified, only eight were common in four varieties. An important knowledge gap was identified in relation to the characterization of the two Ficus carica L. crops, that is, the differentiation and specification in the literature when working with brebas and/or figs.
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18
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Physicochemical characterization and biological potential of Japanese quince polyphenol extract treated by different drying techniques. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Francini A, Sodini M, Vicario G, Raffaelli A, Gucci R, Caruso G, Sebastiani L. Cations and Phenolic Compounds Concentrations in Fruits of Fig Plants Exposed to Moderate Levels of Salinity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121865. [PMID: 34942968 PMCID: PMC8698956 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fig trees are often grown in areas affected by salinity problems. We investigated changes in the concentrations of 15 phenolic compounds and mineral elements (Mg, Ca, K, Zn, Cu, Mn, Mo, Fe, Na) in fruits of fig plants (Ficus carica L. cv. Dottato) subjected to irrigation with saline water (100 mM of NaCl) for 28 days. We used UHPLC-MS/MS techniques to determine chlorogenic acid, tiliroside, catechin, epicatechin (ECTC), p-coumaric acid, trans-ferulic acid, phloridzin, phloretine, quercetagetin 7-O-glucoside, rutin, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol 7-O-glucoside, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, and quercetin. There was a steep gradient of Na+ concentrations between the root and the canopy of salinized plants, but leaf Na+ was similar in control and salt-treated plants. Quercetin, ECTC, and chlorogenic acid were the most abundant phenolic compounds in fig fruits. Salinity increased total phenols by 5.6%, but this increase was significant only for ECTC. Salt stress significantly increased Zn and Mg concentration in the fruit. Leaf levels of K, Mg, Ca, and Mn were similar in control and salinized plants. Moderate salt stress appears to improve fig fruit quality because of its positive effect on nutrients and antioxidant compounds such as epicatechin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Francini
- BioLabs, Institute of Life Science, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (M.S.); (G.V.); (A.R.)
| | - Mirko Sodini
- BioLabs, Institute of Life Science, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (M.S.); (G.V.); (A.R.)
| | - Giulia Vicario
- BioLabs, Institute of Life Science, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (M.S.); (G.V.); (A.R.)
| | - Andrea Raffaelli
- BioLabs, Institute of Life Science, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (M.S.); (G.V.); (A.R.)
| | - Riccardo Gucci
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (R.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Giovanni Caruso
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (R.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Luca Sebastiani
- BioLabs, Institute of Life Science, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (M.S.); (G.V.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Wojdyło A, Nowicka P, Turkiewicz IP, Tkacz K, Hernandez F. Comparison of bioactive compounds and health promoting properties of fruits and leaves of apple, pear and quince. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20253. [PMID: 34642358 PMCID: PMC8511160 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99293-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents characterization of healthy potential new sources of functional constituents with reference to basic plant sources. In this study, the phenolics, triterpene, isoprenoids (chlorophylls and carotenoids), amino acids, minerals, sugars and organic acids of different cultivars of pome species—apple, pear, quince—leaves vs. fruits and their enzymatic in vitro enzyme inhibition of hyperglycemic (α-glucosidase, α-amylase), obesity (pancreatic lipase), cholinesterase (acetylcholinesterase, butylcholinesterase), inflammatory (15-LOX, COX-1 and -2) and antioxidant capacity (ORAC, FRAP, ABTS) were evaluated. Leaves of pome species as a new plant sources were characterized by higher content of bioactive and nutritional compounds than basic fruits. The dominant fraction for quince, pear, and apple fruits was polymeric procyanidins. In quince and pear leaves flavan-3-ols, and in apple dihydrochalcones dominated. Triterpene was present in equal content in leaves and fruits. Leaves are excellent sources of amino acids and minerals (especially Ca, Mg, Fe, and K), with high content of organic acids and low content of sugars compared to fruits of pome species. Leaves of apples and pears most effectively inhibited COX-1, COX-2, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase enzyme but quince leaves showed the most effective inhibition of pancreatic lipase, AChE and BuChE, 15-LOX, and antioxidant capacity, which particularly correlated with bioactive compounds. Present study shows that leaves are promising sources of valuable compounds and may be used to produce functional foods as well as for medical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Wojdyło
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Nutraceutical Plant Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Paulina Nowicka
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Nutraceutical Plant Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Igor Piotr Turkiewicz
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Nutraceutical Plant Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Karolina Tkacz
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Nutraceutical Plant Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Francisca Hernandez
- Department of Plant Science and Microbiology, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, Orihuela, 03312, Alicante, Spain
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21
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Hssaini L, Elfazazi K, Razouk R, Ouaabou R, Hernandez F, Hanine H, Charafi J, Houmanat K, Aboutayeb R. Combined Effect of Cultivar and Peel Chromaticity on Figs' Primary and Secondary Metabolites: Preliminary Study Using Biochemical and FTIR Fingerprinting Coupled to Chemometrics. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070573. [PMID: 34201443 PMCID: PMC8301012 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Primary and secondary metabolites are among the markers for addressing fig chemotypic variability. These compounds are mainly driven by the cultivar factor besides chromatic coordinates color as they are highly correlated to these biomarkers. Combined use of chemical analytical procedures and vibrational spectroscopy is of great importance for a better understanding of network connections within the dataset. In this study, we screened 11 fig tree cultivars for their biochemical and spectral fingerprints in a comparative scheme for high resolution discrimination. Analytical methods herein used were also evaluated for their greenness aspects using GAPI eco-scale tool. Abstract Figs are a traditional pantry staple for healthy eating in Middle Eastern and North African countries as fig trees grow abundantly in such hot and dry climates. Despite the importance of this species, chemotypic diversity has gone unheeded and therefore its valorization pathways remain poorly documented. For this reason, high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) alongside vibrational spectroscopy were used to investigate the changes of antiradical potency and primary and secondary metabolites in fresh figs with regard to the combined effect of the cultivar factor and the fruit peel chromatic coordinates. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) fingerprinting displayed six major peaks assigned to functional groups of the investigated samples with significant differences in their vibration intensities. Biochemical screening revealed highly significant variability (p < 0.05) among the investigated cultivars. Antioxidant activity was found to be higher in free radical scavenging using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) compared to ferric reducing ability (FRAP). Chemometric investigations of both biochemical and FTIR fingerprinting showed satisfactory resolutions, and the total phenol contents and chromatic coordinates had the highest scores in the dataset. However, the cultivars’ geographical origin seemed not to have a clear impact on the clustering results. The aforementioned analytical procedures were found to be equally important and can be jointly used for high-resolution screening and discrimination of fig trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lahcen Hssaini
- National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), P.O. 415, Rabat 10000, Morocco; (K.E.); (J.C.); (K.H.); (R.A.)
- Correspondence: (L.H.); (R.R.)
| | - Kaoutar Elfazazi
- National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), P.O. 415, Rabat 10000, Morocco; (K.E.); (J.C.); (K.H.); (R.A.)
| | - Rachid Razouk
- National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), P.O. 415, Rabat 10000, Morocco; (K.E.); (J.C.); (K.H.); (R.A.)
- Correspondence: (L.H.); (R.R.)
| | - Rachida Ouaabou
- Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O. 2390, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco;
| | - Francisca Hernandez
- Grupo de Investigación en Fruticultura y Técnicas de Producción, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University, Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain;
| | - Hafida Hanine
- Laboratory of Bioprocessing and Bio-Interfaces, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, Université Sultan Moulay Slimane, P.O. 523, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco;
| | - Jamal Charafi
- National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), P.O. 415, Rabat 10000, Morocco; (K.E.); (J.C.); (K.H.); (R.A.)
| | - Karim Houmanat
- National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), P.O. 415, Rabat 10000, Morocco; (K.E.); (J.C.); (K.H.); (R.A.)
| | - Rachid Aboutayeb
- National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), P.O. 415, Rabat 10000, Morocco; (K.E.); (J.C.); (K.H.); (R.A.)
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22
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Karantzi AD, Kafkaletou M, Christopoulos MV, Tsantili E. Peel colour and flesh phenolic compounds at ripening stages in pollinated commercial varieties of fig (Ficus carica L.) fruit grown in Southern Europe. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00796-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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23
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Meziant L, Bachir-bey M, Bensouici C, Saci F, Boutiche M, Louaileche H. Assessment of inhibitory properties of flavonoid-rich fig (Ficus carica L.) peel extracts against tyrosinase, α-glucosidase, urease and cholinesterases enzymes, and relationship with antioxidant activity. Eur J Integr Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2020.101272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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24
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Suttisansanee U, Pitchakarn P, Ting P, Inthachat W, Thiyajai P, Rodthayoy D, Karinchai J, Chantarasuwan B, Nuchuchua O, Temviriyanukul P. Health-promoting bioactivity and in vivo genotoxicity evaluation of a hemiepiphyte fig, Ficus dubia. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:2269-2279. [PMID: 33841843 PMCID: PMC8020917 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ficus species have been used as a typical component in food and folk medicine in Asia for centuries. However, little is known regarding the bioactivity and genotoxicity of the recently identified Ficus dubia (FD), an indigenous plant of the tropical evergreen rain forest. FD is unique from other Ficus species because of its highly sought‐after red‐brown latex. Antioxidant properties together with phenolic and flavonoid contents of FD were elucidated. Health‐promoting characteristics were examined by studying the inhibition of enzymes as a drug target for diabetes, hypertension, Alzheimer's disease, and obesity, together with anticancer ability against human colorectal adenocarcinoma, human hepatocellular carcinoma, human ovarian carcinoma, human prostate adenocarcinoma, and human lung carcinoma. Besides, FD genotoxicity was tested using the Drosophila wing spot test. Results showed that both FD root and latex exhibited antioxidant activity due to the presence of phenolics and flavonoids, specifically caffeic acid and cyanidin. The ethanolic fraction of FD root demonstrated a potent antidiabetic mechanism underlying α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity similar to acarbose. This fraction also suppressed lung and ovarian cancer growth, possibly by G1 and G2/M arrest, respectively. All tested fractions lacked mutagenicity in vivo. Results indicated that FD can be developed as novel antidiabetic compounds; however, its bioactive compounds should be further identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uthaiwan Suttisansanee
- Institute of Nutrition Mahidol University Salaya, Phuttamonthon Nakhon Pathom Thailand.,Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster Institute of Nutrition Mahidol University Salaya, Phuttamonthon Nakhon Pathom Thailand
| | - Pornsiri Pitchakarn
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Meung Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Pisamai Ting
- Institute of Nutrition Mahidol University Salaya, Phuttamonthon Nakhon Pathom Thailand
| | - Woorawee Inthachat
- Institute of Nutrition Mahidol University Salaya, Phuttamonthon Nakhon Pathom Thailand.,Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster Institute of Nutrition Mahidol University Salaya, Phuttamonthon Nakhon Pathom Thailand
| | - Parunya Thiyajai
- Institute of Nutrition Mahidol University Salaya, Phuttamonthon Nakhon Pathom Thailand
| | - Daraphan Rodthayoy
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Meung Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Jirarat Karinchai
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Meung Chiang Mai Thailand
| | | | - Onanong Nuchuchua
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC) National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - Piya Temviriyanukul
- Institute of Nutrition Mahidol University Salaya, Phuttamonthon Nakhon Pathom Thailand.,Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster Institute of Nutrition Mahidol University Salaya, Phuttamonthon Nakhon Pathom Thailand
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25
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Byeon SE, Lee J. Fruit maturity differentially affects fruit quality and responses of targeted metabolites in cold-stored figs (Ficus carica L.). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:673-683. [PMID: 32696494 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Figs are highly perishable after harvest, and their storability and marketability are relatively short. This study aimed to determine the effects of fruit maturity on the physiological quality and targeted metabolites of 'Masui Dauphine' figs in two maturation stages (75% versus 100% commercial maturity) during cold storage. RESULTS Fruit size and weight decreased during cold storage. Fruit respiration rate and color variables were lower at 100% maturity than at 75% maturity. Contents of soluble carbohydrates and organic acids differed according to fruit maturity. The levels of most free amino acids were decreased during cold storage; however, the levels of glutamine, serine and alanine were elevated in 100% mature fruits at the end of cold storage. The results of multivariate analyses indicated that the physiological properties of fruit and responses of targeted metabolites differed depending on fruit maturity during cold storage. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that fruit maturity plays a key role in controlling fruit quality of figs during cold storage. In practice, fruit maturity should be highly considered for the fresh fig market. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Eun Byeon
- Division of Forest Special Products, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwook Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
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26
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Colored Corn: An Up-Date on Metabolites Extraction, Health Implication, and Potential Use. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26010199. [PMID: 33401767 PMCID: PMC7796034 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colored (orange, pink, red, purple, and blue) corn strongly attracted attention on its healthy properties mainly due to its anthocyanin and carotenoid composition which is also responsible for its pigmentation. The present review summarized the recent updates on the extraction and chemical characterization of the main plant secondary metabolites present in colored seeds, kernel, cob, husk, and silk. The main approaches used to stabilize the extracts have been discussed as well as their food and non-food uses. Both in vitro and in vivo (animal models) studies on the different effects (antibacterial, antimutagenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, effects on metabolic syndrome, diabetes, glucose and lipidic metabolism, and neuroprotection) of pigmented extracts on animal and human health have been summarized.
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27
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Plant Polyphenols-Biofortified Foods as a Novel Tool for the Prevention of Human Gut Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121225. [PMID: 33287404 PMCID: PMC7761854 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant food biofortification is recently receiving remarkable attention, as it aims to increase the intake of minerals, vitamins, or antioxidants, crucial for their contribution to the general human health status and disease prevention. In this context, the study of the plant’s secondary metabolites, such as polyphenols, plays a pivotal role for the development of a new generation of plant crops, compensating, at least in part, the low nutritional quality of Western diets with a higher quality of dietary sources. Due to the prevalent immunomodulatory activity at the intestinal level, polyphenols represent a nutritionally relevant class of plant secondary metabolites. In this review, we focus on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of different classes of polyphenols with a specific attention to their potential in the prevention of intestinal pathological processes. We also discuss the latest biotechnology strategies and new advances of genomic techniques as a helpful tool for polyphenols biofortification and the development of novel, healthy dietary alternatives that can contribute to the prevention of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Effect of Anthocyanin-Rich Extract of Sour Cherry for Hyperglycemia-Induced Inflammatory Response and Impaired Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113373. [PMID: 33147748 PMCID: PMC7692386 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM)-related morbidity and mortality are steadily rising worldwide, affecting about half a billion people worldwide. A significant proportion of diabetic cases are in the elderly, which is concerning given the increasing aging population. Proper nutrition is an important component in the effective management of diabetes in the elderly. A plethora of active substances of plant origin exhibit potency to target the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. The nutraceutical and pharmaceutical effects of anthocyanins have been extensively studied. In this study, the effect of Hungarian sour cherry, which is rich in anthocyanins, on hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction was tested using human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were maintained under both normoglycemic (5 mM) and hyperglycemic (30 mM) conditions with or without two concentrations (1.50 ng/µL) of anthocyanin-rich sour cherry extract. Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response and damaged vasorelaxation processes were investigated by evaluating the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and gene expression of four proinflammatory cytokines, namely, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and interleukin-1α (IL-1α), as well as the gene expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) endothelin-1 (ET-1) and endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1). It was found that hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress was significantly suppressed by anthocyanin-rich sour cherry extract in a concentration-dependent manner. The gene expression of the tested proinflammatory cytokines increased under hyperglycemic conditions but was significantly reduced by both 1 and 50 ng/µL anthocyanin-rich sour cherry extract. Further, although increased ET-1 and ECE-1 expression due to hyperglycemia was reduced by anthocyanin-rich sour cherry extract, NOS expression was increased by the extract. Collectively, these data suggest that anthocyanin-rich sour cherry extract could alleviate hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and vasorelaxant effects.
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Wojdyło A, Nowicka P, Tkacz K, Turkiewicz IP. Sprouts vs. Microgreens as Novel Functional Foods: Variation of Nutritional and Phytochemical Profiles and Their In Vitro Bioactive Properties. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204648. [PMID: 33053861 PMCID: PMC7587365 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyze potential health-promoting and nutritional components (polyphenols, L-ascorbic acid, carotenoids, chlorophylls, amino acids, organic acid, sugars, ash and pectins) of selected sprouts (radish, lentil, black medick, broccoli, sunflower, leek, beetroot, mung beans) and microgreens (kale, radish, beetroot, green peas, amaranth). Moreover, antioxidant capacity (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC)), in vitro anti-diabetic potential (inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase), and anti-obesity (pancreatic lipase) and anti-cholinergic (acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase) activity were evaluated. The results of this study show that sprouts are effective in antioxidant capacity as a result of a high content of polyphenols and L-ascorbic acid. Additionally, sprouts are better sources of amino acids, pectins and sugars than microgreens. Microgreens were characterized by high content of carotenoids and chlorophylls, and organic acid, without any sugars, exhibiting higher anti-diabetic and anti-cholinergic activity than sprouts. Some selected sprouts (broccoli, radish, lentil) and microgreens (radish, amaranths, kale) should be used daily as superfoods or functional food.
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Tkacz K, Wojdyło A, Turkiewicz IP, Nowicka P. Anti-diabetic, anti-cholinesterase, and antioxidant potential, chemical composition and sensory evaluation of novel sea buckthorn-based smoothies. Food Chem 2020; 338:128105. [PMID: 33092003 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sea buckthorn berries fit into the strategy of seeking natural factors in the non-communicable diseases prevention, but their sensory qualities are a challenge for consumers and food industry. The study aimed to evaluate anti-cholinesterase (anti-acetylcholinesterase and -butylcholinesterase), anti-diabetic (anti-α-amylase, -α-glucosidase, -pancreatic lipase) and antioxidant potential (FRAP, ORAC), phenolic compounds (UPLC-PDA-FL), basic chemical composition, and sensory quality of sea buckthorn-based smoothies. Eighteen novel products containing sea buckthorn (25-50%) with other fruits and vegetables were analyzed. Sea buckthorn enriched the smoothies in flavonols (25.46-95.13 mg/100 g), and fruits and vegetables provided phenolic acids and procyanidins. The anti-BuChE effect was higher than anti-AChE, while products with apricot, orange, grape and parsley root were strong inhibitors of carbohydrates digesting enzymes. Lipase inhibition by all smoothies was over 50%. Products with 75% fruits or 50% vegetables were the most sensory attractive. The results will be valuable in designing innovative food with rarely used berries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Tkacz
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, The Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Aneta Wojdyło
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, The Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Igor Piotr Turkiewicz
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, The Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Paulina Nowicka
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, The Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
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Prpa EJ, Bajka BH, Ellis PR, Butterworth PJ, Corpe CP, Hall WL. A systematic review of in vitro studies evaluating the inhibitory effects of polyphenol-rich fruit extracts on carbohydrate digestive enzymes activity: a focus on culinary fruits consumed in Europe. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3783-3803. [PMID: 32838552 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1808585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Evidence shows that polyphenols can attenuate postprandial blood glucose responses to meals containing digestible carbohydrate. Polyphenol-rich plant extracts are emerging as potential ingredients in functional foods and/or beverages despite limited understanding of their physiological effects. Many studies have investigated the mechanisms of polyphenol-rich fruit extracts on inhibition of digestive enzymes. However, the evidence available has yet to be critically evaluated systematically. This report reviews the in vitro literature to quantify the effect of fruit polyphenol extracts on the activities of digestive carbohydrases. A systematic literature search was conducted using six science databases. Included studies, totaling 34 in number, were in vitro digestion models which quantified gut digestive enzyme(s) activity on starch digestion in the presence of fruit polyphenol extracts. Most studies assessed the effects of fruit extracts on either α-amylase (n = 30) or α-glucosidase (n = 30) activity. Studies were consistent overall in showing stronger inhibition of α-amylase compared to α-glucosidase by proanthocyanidin- and/or ellagitannin-rich fruit extracts. Recommendations are proposed for future reporting of this type of research to enable meaningful synthesis of the literature as a whole. Such knowledge could allow effective choices to be made for development of novel functional foods and beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Prpa
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - B H Bajka
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, Biopolymers Group, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P R Ellis
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, Biopolymers Group, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P J Butterworth
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, Biopolymers Group, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C P Corpe
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - W L Hall
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Lipan L, Collado-González J, Wojdyło A, Domínguez-Perles R, Gil-Izquierdo Á, Corell M, Moriana A, Cano-Lamadrid M, Carbonell-Barrachina Á. How does water stress affect the low molecular weight phenolics of hydroSOStainable almonds? Food Chem 2020; 339:127756. [PMID: 32979716 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Water scarcity is a threat for food production because, water, is more and more limited and force farmers to use new deficit irrigation (DI) strategies without affecting fruit yield and quality. No information exists on almond polyphenols and proanthocyanidins (PAs) produced under DI. The present work studied the effect of 2 regulated DI (RDI) and one sustained (SDI) on the low molecular weight phenolics together with the antioxidant activity (AA) in almonds. Fifteen phenolic compounds were identified (13 flavonoids and 2 non-flavonoids) and 10 PAs. Kaempferol-3-O-galactoside was the predominant compound in almond skin and whole kernel but it was not found in deskinned kernels. The use of moderate RDI significantly increased the total phenolic content in skin (∼9.8%), PAs, and the AA. Consequently, after one season the application of DI positively affected the almond cv. Vairo phenols, however, several seasons must be evaluated in order to corroborate the present results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leontina Lipan
- Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Department of Agro-Food Technology, Research Group "Food Quality and Safety", Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312-Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jacinta Collado-González
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), University Campus of Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Aneta Wojdyło
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Raúl Domínguez-Perles
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), University Campus of Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ángel Gil-Izquierdo
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), University Campus of Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Mireia Corell
- Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, ETSIA, Universidad de Sevilla, Carretera de Utrera, km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; Unidad Asociada al CSIC de Uso sostenible del suelo y el agua en la agricultura (US-IRNAS), Crta de Utrera km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alfonso Moriana
- Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, ETSIA, Universidad de Sevilla, Carretera de Utrera, km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; Unidad Asociada al CSIC de Uso sostenible del suelo y el agua en la agricultura (US-IRNAS), Crta de Utrera km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marina Cano-Lamadrid
- Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Department of Agro-Food Technology, Research Group "Food Quality and Safety", Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312-Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ángel Carbonell-Barrachina
- Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Department of Agro-Food Technology, Research Group "Food Quality and Safety", Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312-Orihuela, Alicante, Spain.
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Salahuddin MAH, Ismail A, Kassim NK, Hamid M, Ali MSM. Phenolic profiling and evaluation of in vitro antioxidant, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities of Lepisanthes fruticosa (Roxb) Leenh fruit extracts. Food Chem 2020; 331:127240. [PMID: 32585546 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study focused on the phytochemical profiling along with evaluation of in vitro antioxidant, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities of various crudes and fractions obtained from Lepisanthes fruticosa (Roxb) Leenh fruit. Ethanolic seed crude extract exhibited the strongest radical scavenging, β-carotene bleaching activity, α-glucosidase inhibition and the highest total phenolic content (TPC). Column chromatography afforded various fractions with fraction M4 being the most potent due to the strongest radical scavenging, β-carotene bleaching, α-glucosidase inhibition and greatest amount of TPC. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis of ethanolic seed crude extract and fraction M4 showed the presence of various phytochemicals with antioxidant and antidiabetic properties, which include mostly flavonoids and tannins. The results may suggest that the ethanolic crude seed extract and its fraction could be an excellent source of bioactive phytochemicals with antioxidant and antidiabetic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirfat Ahmad Hasan Salahuddin
- Research Centre of Excellence, Nutrition and Non-Communicable Diseases, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Persiaran MARDI-UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Amin Ismail
- Research Centre of Excellence, Nutrition and Non-Communicable Diseases, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nur Kartinee Kassim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Muhajir Hamid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Shukri Mat Ali
- Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Persiaran MARDI-UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Turkiewicz IP, Wojdyło A, Tkacz K, Lech K, Michalska-Ciechanowska A, Nowicka P. The influence of different carrier agents and drying techniques on physical and chemical characterization of Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica) microencapsulation powder. Food Chem 2020; 323:126830. [PMID: 32334310 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fruit powders can become a new and innovative direction of using the potential of Japanese quince (JQ) fruit in an affordable form. Therefore, physical (dry matter, true and bulk density, porosity and color) and chemical parameters of JQ juice powders obtained by using different carrier agents and drying techniques were evaluated. The juice was mixed with maltodextrin, inulin and a mixture of both in different proportions and dried using freeze, spray, and vacuum (50, 70, and 90 °C) drying techniques. The identification and quantification of phenolic compounds in JQ juice powders were performed by LC-PDA-QTOF-MS and UPLC-PDA, respectively, while antioxidant capacity was measured using ABTS, FRAP and ORAC assays. In addition, enzymatic in vitro inhibition tests of α-glucosidase, pancreatic lipase, acetylcholinesterase and 15-lipoxygenase were performed. Among the drying techniques applied, freeze-drying resulted in the highest retention of polyphenols, while among the carrier agents maltodextrin was found to be the best biopolymer for obtaining high-quality fruit powder and also ensured powders with the lowest content of undesirable hydroxymethylfurfural.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Piotr Turkiewicz
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aneta Wojdyło
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Karolina Tkacz
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Lech
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37-41 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Michalska-Ciechanowska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paulina Nowicka
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
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Farooq MU, Mumtaz MW, Mukhtar H, Rashid U, Akhtar MT, Raza SA, Nadeem M. UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS based phytochemical characterization and anti-hyperglycemic prospective of hydro-ethanolic leaf extract of Butea monosperma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3530. [PMID: 32103043 PMCID: PMC7044436 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Butea monosperma is one of the extensively used plants in traditional system of medicines for many therapeutic purposes. In this study, the antioxidant activity, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition properties of freeze drying assisted ultrasonicated leaf extracts (hydro-ethanolic) of B. monosperma have been investigated. The findings revealed that 60% ethanolic fraction exhibited high phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents, highest antioxidant activity, and promising α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitions. The UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis indicated the presence of notable metabolites of significant medicinal potential including apigenin, apigenin C-hexoside C-pentoside, apigenin C-hexoside C-hexoside, apigenin-6,8-di-C-pentoside and genistin etc., in B. monosperma leave extract. Docking studies were carried out to determine the possible role of each phytochemical present in leaf extract. Binding affinity data and interaction pattern of all the possible phytochemicals in leaf extract of B. monosperma revealed that they can inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase synergistically to prevent hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umar Farooq
- Department of Chemistry, Hafiz Hayat Campus, University of Gujrat, 50700, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waseem Mumtaz
- Department of Chemistry, Hafiz Hayat Campus, University of Gujrat, 50700, Gujrat, Pakistan.
| | - Hamid Mukhtar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Umer Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tayyab Akhtar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ali Raza
- Department of Chemistry, GC University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Chemistry, Hafiz Hayat Campus, University of Gujrat, 50700, Gujrat, Pakistan
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Tkacz K, Wojdyło A, Turkiewicz IP, Bobak Ł, Nowicka P. Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Enzymatic Activities of Sea Buckthorn ( Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) Fruits Modulated by Chemical Components. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8120618. [PMID: 31817215 PMCID: PMC6943611 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze in vitro biological activities as anti-oxidant, anti-α-amylase, anti-α-glucosidase, anti-lipase, and anti-lipoxygenase activity, relative to bioactive components (phenolic acids, flavonols, xanthophylls, carotenes, esterified carotenoids, tocopherols, tocotrienols, and fatty acids) and the basic chemical composition (sugars, organic acid, dry matter, soluble solid, pH, titratable acidity, ash, pectins, and vitamin C) of Hippophaë rhamnoides berries. Six sea buckthorn cultivars commonly grown in Poland were analyzed including Aromatnaja, Botaniczeskaja-Lubitelskaja, Józef, Luczistaja, Moskwiczka, and Podarok Sadu. Berries contained 1.34–2.87 g of sugars and 0.96–4.22 g of organic acids in 100 g fresh weight, 468.60–901.11 mg of phenolic compounds, and 46.61–508.57 mg of carotenoids in 100 g dry mass. The fatty acid profile was established: palmitic > palmitoleic > oleic and linoleic > stearic and linolenic acids. The highest anti-oxidant (34.68 mmol Trolox/100 g dry mass) and anti-α-amylase potential (IC50 = 26.83 mg/mL) was determined in Aromatnaja, anti-α-glucosidase in Botaniczeskaja-Lubitelskaja (IC50 = 41.78 mg/mL), anti-lipase in Moskwiczka and Aromatnaja (average IC50 = 4.37 mg/mL), and anti-lipoxygenase in Aromatnaja and Podarok Sadu fruits (100% inhibition). The studied sea buckthorn berries may be a raw material for the development of functional foods and nutraceutical products rich in compounds with high biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Tkacz
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Nutraceutical Plant Technology, The Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (K.T.); (I.P.T.); (P.N.)
| | - Aneta Wojdyło
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Nutraceutical Plant Technology, The Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (K.T.); (I.P.T.); (P.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-320-7706
| | - Igor Piotr Turkiewicz
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Nutraceutical Plant Technology, The Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (K.T.); (I.P.T.); (P.N.)
| | - Łukasz Bobak
- Department of Animal Products Technology and Quality Management, The Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Paulina Nowicka
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Nutraceutical Plant Technology, The Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (K.T.); (I.P.T.); (P.N.)
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37
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Noguera-Artiaga L, Salvador MD, Fregapane G, Collado-González J, Wojdyło A, López-Lluch D, Carbonell-Barrachina ÁA. Functional and sensory properties of pistachio nuts as affected by cultivar. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:6696-6705. [PMID: 31350759 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modern agriculture allows farmers to choose among different cultivars of the same fruit to fulfill their agronomic needs and consumers' demands; however, there are only a few studies that describe and compare key functional and sensory properties of different pistachio cultivars. The main objective of this study was to compare eight pistachio cultivars by analyzing key functional properties (phenolic compounds, polymeric procyanidins, antioxidant activity, and inhibition of α-amylase and β-glucosidase), aromatic compounds with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and by examining their sensory properties with a trained panel. RESULTS A combination of LC-PDA-MS-QTof (liquid chromatography photodiode array quadrupole time-off flight mass spectrometry) and electrospray ionization was used to determine two phenolic acids, nine flavonols, one anthocyanin, and three flavan-3-ols in pistachio cultivars, with a total concentration ranging from 500 to 6065 mg 100 g-1 dry weight (dw). The total polymeric procyanidins concentrations oscillated between 348 and 5919 mg 100 g-1 dw, (-)-epicatechin being the major monomer contributor. Pinene was the most abundant volatile compound (∼200 mg kg-1 dw), and, in the sensory analysis of samples, 23 sensory attributes were found to differ significantly among the cultivars. CONCLUSION The cultivar 'Larnaka' stood out as having the best functional profile (high polyphenolic content, high antioxidant activity, and high values of α-amylase and β-glucosidase inhibition), and the cultivars 'Kastel' and 'Kerman' showed the most attractive sensory properties, mainly the most intense flavor. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Noguera-Artiaga
- Departamento de Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela (EPSO), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), Orihuela, Spain
| | - María D Salvador
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Fregapane
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Jacinta Collado-González
- Departamento de Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela (EPSO), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), Orihuela, Spain
| | - Aneta Wojdyło
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - David López-Lluch
- Departamento de Economía Agroambiental, Ingeniería Cartográfica y Expresión Gráfica en la Ingeniería, EPSO, UMH, Orihuela, Spain
| | - Ángel A Carbonell-Barrachina
- Departamento de Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela (EPSO), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), Orihuela, Spain
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Polyphenol Compounds and Biological Activity of Caper ( Capparis spinosa L.) Flowers Buds. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8120539. [PMID: 31775254 PMCID: PMC6963175 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyze potential health-promoting components of caper flower buds (Capparis spinosa L.) at six stages of development in two cultivars. Polyphenol compounds (flavonols, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavan-3-ols) were identified by Liquid Chromatography- quadrupole Time-of-Flight -Mass Spectrofotometer/Mass Spectrofotometer (LC-qTOF-MS/MS) and quantified by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Photodiode Array-Fluorescence Detector (UPLC-PDA-FL). Moreover, antioxidant properties (ABTS+•, FRAP, and ORAC), anti-diabetic potential (α-amylase and α-glucosidase), and anti-aging activity (acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE)) of the buds were examined. Total phenolic compounds in the investigated caper varied from 10,720 to 3256 mg/100 g dry weight (DW), and depended on a genotype and growing stage of caper flowers. Among six different growing stages, the one named 'nonpareilles' was characterized by significantly higher content of polyphenols than the remaining five stages. The flavonols in caper flowers represented a mixture of different glycosylated quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, and isorhamnetin derivatives, accounting for 38%-67%, 15%-36%, 4%-7%, and 0.8%-3%, respectively, of total flavonols,. Their contents strongly depended on the growth stage. 'Nonpareilles' and 'surfines' were richer in flavonols than 'fines' and 'gruesas'. Of the six investigated growth stages, 'nonpareilles' accumulated the greatest amounts of bioactive compounds that correlated with antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties, and were more potent BuChE than AChE inhibitors.
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Prajudtasri N, Nontakitticharoen M, Anguravirutt S. α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Phenolic Rich Extracts
Obtained from the Seeds of Melastoma saigonense (Kuntze) Merr. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.14233/ajchem.2019.22332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to perform a phytochemical analysis of Melastoma saigonense seed extracts and to determine their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The extracts from seeds of M. saigonense indicated that the total phenolic content was in the range between 233.46 and 967.22 mg GAE/g DE, whereas the flavonoids content was in the range between 359.96 and 850.84 mg QE/g DE. The present study of antidiabetic inhibitory activity by in vitro α-glucosidase revealed that the crude extracts using
ethyl acetate (EA), butanol (BU) and final aqueous residue extracts (AQ) exhibited a strong α-glucosidase inhibitory effect (IC50 4.42-11.95 μg/mL). The ethyl acetate and butanol extracts of seeds of Melastoma saigonense (Kuntze) Merr. were further fractionated by silica gel column chromatography into four fractions (EAF1−EAF4) and five fractions (BUF1−BUF5), respectively and their bioactivities were investigated. The nine fractions exhibited significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (p < 0.05) with an IC50 between 3.42-34.77 μg/mL which is less than the IC50 for standard acarbose (IC50 = 507.26 μg/mL). Among all the fractions, BUF1 and EAF1 exhibited high inhibitory
activity against α-glucosidase with BUF1 showing the highest inhibitory activity (IC50 = 3.42 μg/mL). The dominant phenolic acids were sinapic, gallic, ferrulic, syringic, gallic and caffeic acids and the prominent flavonoids were myricetin and quercetin. These findings suggest that the seeds of M. saigonense have potential as a source of antidiabetic agent (s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nutthamon Prajudtasri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - Mongkol Nontakitticharoen
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sujint Anguravirutt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44150, Thailand
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Nutritional, chemical and bioactive profiles of different parts of a Portuguese common fig (Ficus carica L.) variety. Food Res Int 2019; 126:108572. [PMID: 31732029 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to give an unprecedented contribution on the chemical composition and bioactivities of the most produced and appreciated Portuguese fig variety ("Pingo de Mel") with the view of expanding the knowledge on its potentialities. An advanced characterization of its peel and pulp parts was carried out. Four free sugars (glucose, fructose, trehalose and sucrose), 5 organic acids (oxalic, quinic, malic, citric, and succinic acids), tocopherols in all their 4 forms, besides 23 fatty acids were detected in the samples. Fifteen different phenolic components were found in the peel hydroethanolic extract; whereas 12 were detected in the pulp hydroethanolic extract. Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (rutin) was the major constituent of the peel, accounting for 33.8% of its phenolic content, followed by 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid and vanillic acid malonyl di-deoxyhexoside. Caffeic acid derivatives, such as caffeic acid hexosides, were the major components of pulp, followed by vanillic acid derivatives and O-caffeoylquinic acid. Both extracts displayed promising antioxidant capacities in all methods used, namely the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging, the reducing power, the inhibition of β-carotene bleaching assays, the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay and the oxidative haemolysis inhibition assay; however, the peel presented significantly lower IC50 values than pulp. The extracts showed practically identical antibacterial capacities, being effective against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MICs = 2.5 mg/mL), besides methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Escherichia coli and Morganella morganii (MICs = 5 mg/mL). The obtained results evidence that the fig peel is superior to the corresponding pulp as it relates to nutritional and phenolic profiles as well as bioactivities, endorsing the urgency in valorising and exploiting this usually discarded industrial by-product.
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Erukainure OL, Oyebode OA, Ijomone OM, Chukwuma CI, Koorbanally NA, Islam MS. Raffia palm (Raphia hookeri G. Mann & H. Wendl) wine modulates glucose homeostasis by enhancing insulin secretion and inhibiting redox imbalance in a rat model of diabetes induced by high fructose diet and streptozotocin. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 237:159-170. [PMID: 30902747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Raffia palm (Raphia hookeri) wine (RPW) is amongst the natural products from plants, utilized singly or in combination with other medicinal plants for the treatment of several ailments including Diabetes Mellitus (DM). However, there is a scientific dearth on its antidiabetic activity. AIM The antidiabetic effect of RPW and its possible mechanism of actions were investigated in diabetic rats. METHODS Four groups of male SD rats were first supplied with 10% fructose solution ad libitum for 2 weeks instead of drinking water followed by an intraperitonial injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) to induce diabetes. Two diabetic groups were administered RPW at 150 and 300 mg/kg bodyweight (BW) respectively; a group was administered with metformin, while the other one was served as a negative control. Two groups of normal rats were administered with water and RPW (300 mg/kg BW) and served as normal control and normal toxicology group, respectively. RESULTS Five weeks treatment of RPW led to significant (p < 0.05) increase in serum insulin and HDL-c levels with concomitant reduction in blood glucose, fructosamine, ALT, uric acid, triglycerides and LDL-c levels in diabetic rats. Rats treated with RPW had elevated levels of GSH, SOD, catalase, ATPase and α-amylase activities, while reduced NO level and myeloperoxidase activity was observed in their serum and pancreatic tissues. RPW also improved pancreatic β-cell function and restored β- and acinar cells morphology, and capillary networks. The activities of glycogen phosphorylase, fructose 1,6 biphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and acetylcholinesterase were also inhibited in RPW-treated diabetic rats, with concomitant down regulation of Nrf2 gene expression. CONCLUSION The data of this study suggest that RPW modulates glucose homeostasis by enhancing insulin secretion as well as inhibiting redox imbalance in diabetic rats, which may be attributed to the synergetic effects of its phytochemical constituents as identified by GC-MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ochuko L Erukainure
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, (Westville Campus), Durban 4000, South Africa; Nutrition and Toxicology Division, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olajumoke A Oyebode
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, (Westville Campus), Durban 4000, South Africa
| | | | - Chika I Chukwuma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, (Westville Campus), Durban 4000, South Africa; Department of Health and Environmental Studies, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Neil A Koorbanally
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, (Westville Campus), Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, (Westville Campus), Durban 4000, South Africa.
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Li M, Ho KK, Hayes M, Ferruzzi MG. The Roles of Food Processing in Translation of Dietary Guidance for Whole Grains, Fruits, and Vegetables. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2019; 10:569-596. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-032818-121330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommend the consumption of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables as part of a healthy diet. However, current consumption patterns suggest that most Americans are not meeting these recommendations. The challenge remains to align the DGA guidance with the food environment and consumers’ expectations for product quality, availability, and affordability. Currently, processed foods play an increasingly important role in American diets. Often characterized as unhealthy, processed foods are contributors to both food and nutritional security. When the alignment of processing strategies with DGA principles exists, achieving DGA goals is more likely, regardless of processing level. In this review, select processing strategies for whole grains, fruits, and vegetables are described to show how DGA principles can guide processing efforts to create healthier products. Although whole grains, supported by industry-wide innovation and guidance, have had some success with consumers, improving intake of fruit and vegetable products remains a challenge. Closing consumption gaps requires new innovations and products aligned with consumer preferences and DGA principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28281, USA
| | - Kacie K.H.Y. Ho
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawai`i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - Micaela Hayes
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28281, USA
| | - Mario G. Ferruzzi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28281, USA
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Relationship of phenolic composition of selected purple maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes with their anti-inflammatory, anti-adipogenic and anti-diabetic potential. Food Chem 2019; 289:739-750. [PMID: 30955674 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.03.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the associations between phenolic composition of selected purple maize genotypes and their anti-inflammatory, anti-adipogenic and anti-diabetic properties in vitro. Anthocyanin-rich water extracts (PMWs) from 20 purple maize genotypes were evaluated in RAW 264.7 macrophages and 3T3-L1 adipocytes under different conditions. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside (Pr3G), peonidin-3-O-glucoside (P3G) and corresponding acylated forms were major anthocyanins in PMW, accompanied by ten tentatively identified non-anthocyanin phenolics. Correlation studies showed that C3G, P3G, and derivatives, but not Pr3G and its acylated form contributed to the biological properties of PMW. Besides anthocyanins, quercetin, luteolin, and rutin were the dominant anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic components, in terms of down-regulating pro-inflammatory mediator production in inflamed macrophages and adipocytes, modulating diabetes-related key enzymes and improving insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant adipocytes. Quercetin and phenolic acids, especially vanillic acid and protocatechuic acid, were closely associated with anti-adipogenic properties of PMW via inhibition of the preadipocyte-adipocyte transition.
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Cano-Lamadrid M, Nowicka P, Hernández F, Carbonell-Barrachina AA, Wojdyło A. Phytochemical composition of smoothies combining pomegranate juice (Punica granatum L) and Mediterranean minor crop purées (Ficus carica, Cydonia oblonga, and Ziziphus jujube). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:5731-5741. [PMID: 29737517 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daily intake of fruits and vegetables as suggested by the World Health Organization is lower than the recommended dietary intake (RDI). A good option to increase the intake of fruit and vegetables is the consumption of smoothies. This work evaluated the effect of adding fig, jujube or quince purée to pomegranate juice (cultivars 'Wonderful' and 'Mollar de Elche') in preparing smoothies at two ratios of purée:juice (40:60 and 60:40) on the composition of minerals, sugars, organic acids, vitamin C, antioxidant activity and polyphenols. RESULTS Smoothies composition was mainly affected by the addition of the fruit purée. Twenty-eight polyphenolic compounds were found in the pomegranate smoothies (quadrupole time-of-flight liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry). The highest total content of polyphenolic compounds (ultra-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array and fluorescence detection) was found in smoothies with quince purée, 501 mg 100 g-1 fresh weight (FW), followed by jujube and figs, with 374 and 320 mg 100 g-1 FW, respectively. Fig smoothies were rich in anthocyanins, while the jujube ones had high content of flavonols and vitamin C; finally, the quince smoothies were rich in hydroxycinnamic acids. CONCLUSION A positive effect of the addition of minor crops (fig, jujube and quince) was observed on the nutritional and functionality of the novel pomegranate smoothies. Moreover, the addition of jujube contributed to an enrichment of the final smoothies in vitamin C and organic acids, while an increase of pectin content was found in fig and quince pomegranate based smoothies. Therefore, the blend of minor Mediterranean crop purées with pomegranate juice to produce smoothies is a good strategy to promote the consumption of these healthy but underutilized fruits. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Cano-Lamadrid
- Research Group 'Food Quality and Safety', Department of Agro-Food Technology, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela (EPSO), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), Alicante, Spain
| | - Paulina Nowicka
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Francisca Hernández
- Research Group 'Plant Production and Technology', Department of Plant Sciences and Microbiology, EPSO, UMH, Alicante, Spain
| | - Angel A Carbonell-Barrachina
- Research Group 'Food Quality and Safety', Department of Agro-Food Technology, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela (EPSO), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), Alicante, Spain
| | - Aneta Wojdyło
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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Cano-Lamadrid M, Hernández F, Nowicka P, Carbonell-Barrachina A, Wojdyło A. Formulation and storage effects on pomegranate smoothie phenolic composition, antioxidant capacity and color. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Chi C, Li X, Feng T, Zeng X, Chen L, Li L. Improvement in Nutritional Attributes of Rice Starch with Dodecyl Gallate Complexation: A Molecular Dynamic Simulation and in Vitro Study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9282-9290. [PMID: 30114360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To improve starch functionalities such as digestibility and antioxidant activity, rice starch was complexed with antioxidant dodecyl gallate (DG). Molecular dynamics simulation showed that the starch-DG inclusion complex was favorable, and in 50 ns, the dodecyl segment resided in the helix of the amylose cavities but the gallate tail left outside. This theoretical finding was validated by UV-vis spectroscopy, calorimetric, and crystalline measurements, indicating V-type crystalline structures containing type I and type II inclusion complexes can be formed after DG complexation. Meritedly, starch digestibility was mitigated by synchronously increasing slowly digestible starch (5.12-22.83%) and resistant starch content (8.69-14.17%), and the antioxidant activity was also significantly increased. Such inclusion complexes thereby acted as a carrier for targeting delivery of DG to the human lower gastrointestinal tract with potent antioxidant activity. Complexation with DG synergistically improved starch digestibility and antioxidant activity, favoring the intervention against chronic diseases, by ameliorating the postprandial glycemic response and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengdeng Chi
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Starch and Protein Processing, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Xiaoxi Li
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Starch and Protein Processing, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Tao Feng
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology , Shanghai Institute of Technology , No. 100 Haiquan Road , Shanghai 201418 , China
| | - Xiaolan Zeng
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology , Shanghai Institute of Technology , No. 100 Haiquan Road , Shanghai 201418 , China
| | - Ling Chen
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Starch and Protein Processing, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Lin Li
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Starch and Protein Processing, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
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Soltana H, De Rosso M, Lazreg H, Vedova AD, Hammami M, Flamini R. LC-QTOF characterization of non-anthocyanic flavonoids in four Tunisian fig varieties. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2018; 53:817-823. [PMID: 29859515 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are compounds characterized by antioxidant activity, and their intake in the human diet is considered useful for health and nutrition. Non-anthocyanic flavonoids in 4 different types of Tunisian figs belonging to the smyrna-type Ficus carica varieties known as Kholi, Tchich Asal, Himri, and Bidhi were studied by liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry UHPLC-QqTOF. Twenty-two compounds belonging to the classes of flavanones (naringenin and eriodictyol), flavones (3 apigenin and 5 luteolin derivatives), and flavonols (2 kaempferol and 7 quercetin derivatives) were identified. Three O-methoxy flavonols (tamarixetin, syringetin, and isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside) were found in figs for the first time. Total content of non-anthocyanic flavonoids found in dark varieties (between 410 and 830 mg/kg) show that these F. carica are fruits qualitatively and quantitatively rich of dietary polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Soltana
- University of Monastir, Research Laboratory LR12ES05: Lab-NAFS, Faculty of Medicine, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mirko De Rosso
- Viticulture & Oenology (CREA-VE), Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Viale XXVIII Aprile 26, Conegliano, TV, 31015, Italy
| | - Houda Lazreg
- University of Monastir, Research Laboratory LR12ES05: Lab-NAFS, Faculty of Medicine, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Antonio Dalla Vedova
- Viticulture & Oenology (CREA-VE), Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Viale XXVIII Aprile 26, Conegliano, TV, 31015, Italy
| | - Mohamed Hammami
- University of Monastir, Research Laboratory LR12ES05: Lab-NAFS, Faculty of Medicine, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Riccardo Flamini
- Viticulture & Oenology (CREA-VE), Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Viale XXVIII Aprile 26, Conegliano, TV, 31015, Italy
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Noguera-Artiaga L, Pérez-López D, Burgos-Hernández A, Wojdyło A, Carbonell-Barrachina ÁA. Phenolic and triterpenoid composition and inhibition of α-amylase of pistachio kernels ( Pistacia vera L.) as affected by rootstock and irrigation treatment. Food Chem 2018; 261:240-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Anticholinergic effects of Actinidia arguta fruits and their polyphenol content determined by liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector-quadrupole/time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-MS-PDA-Q/TOF). Food Chem 2018; 271:216-223. [PMID: 30236670 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study discusses polyphenolic compounds identified and quantified in Actinidia arguta fruits by LC-MS-PDA-Q/TOF method and in vitro anticholinergic activity. Notably, of 31 compounds, including 16 flavonols, 7 flavanols, 7 phenolic acids, and 1 anthocyanin were identified or tentatively identified on the basis of their retention times, accurate mass measurements and subsequent mass fragmentation data, or by comparison with reference substances and literature. Among the detected compounds, 27 were reported for the first time in A. arguta fruits. The content of total polyphenols equal 845.54 mg/100 g dry weight (dw), and flavanols predominat (92% of total phenolic compounds). Flavonol derivatives, mainly glycosylated and acetylated forms of quercetin (22.64 mg/100 g dw) and kaempferol (18.40 mg/100 g dw) were quantified. The total content of phenolic acids was 29.63 mg/100 g dw, and neochlorogenic acid predominant. This anticholinergic activity effect of A. arguta fruits can be explained by the Pearson's correlation found between flavonols (r = 0.709 and 0.678), phenolic acids (r = 0.513 and 0.487), flavan-3-ols (r = 0.466 and 0.443) and anthocyanins (r = 0.312 and 0.301) for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) or butylcholinoesterase (BuChE), respectively. The data compiled from the quantitative polyphenol indicate that A. arguta fruits could be regarded as a promising source of bioactive functional food.
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Backes E, Pereira C, Barros L, Prieto MA, Genena AK, Barreiro MF, Ferreira ICFR. Recovery of bioactive anthocyanin pigments from Ficus carica L. peel by heat, microwave, and ultrasound based extraction techniques. Food Res Int 2018; 113:197-209. [PMID: 30195514 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Due to its coloration, the fig (Ficus carica L.) peel, a by-product of fruit processing and/or consumption, is a potential source of anthocyanin compounds. In the present study different extraction techniques (heat, ultrasound, and microwave) were compared aiming to recover the anthocyanin pigments and optimize its extraction conditions. A response surface methodology tool with three factors and five levels for each factor was used according to a circumscribed central composite design. The variables tested for the heat and microwave extraction methods were time, temperature, and solvent proportion (ethanol/water ratio), meanwhile, for the ultrasound method, the variables tested were the ultrasonic power, time, and solvent proportion. The anthocyanin composition of the extract was determined by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS, and the used criteria responses were: i) quantification of cyanidin 3-rutinoside (C) in the extracted residue (mg C/g R) and in the dried peel (mg C/g P dw), and the extraction yield of the obtained residue (g R/g P dw). Ultrasound extraction was the most effective method, yielding 3.82 mg C/g R at the optimal global extraction conditions (21 min, 310 W, and 100% of ethanol). Additionally, the solid-to-liquid ratio effect was studied at the optimal conditions, using a dose-response format, in view of its plausible transference to industrial level. For the ultrasound method, an increased non-linear relationship was observed for concentrations in the range 5 to 200 g/L, being the optimal solution close to 150 g/L. In brief, the obtained results show the potential of fig peels as a source of anthocyanin pigments, with potential uses in various industrial fields, such as food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanueli Backes
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Carla Pereira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - M A Prieto
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Aziza Kamal Genena
- Departamento Acadêmico de Alimentos (DAALM), Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Campus Medianeira, 85884-000 Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maria Filomena Barreiro
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
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