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Kutlu G. Valorization of various nut residues grown in Turkiye: Antioxidant, anticholinesterase, antidiabetic, and cytotoxic activities. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:4362-4371. [PMID: 38873436 PMCID: PMC11167162 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The utilization of plant-based residues has been extensively employed for the control of diverse illnesses, owing to their safety and minimal adverse effects. In the current study, it was aimed for the characterization of the bioactive, enzyme inhibitory, and cytotoxic activities of fresh pistachio shell skin (FPSS), green walnut husk and walnut membrane (GWH), almond outer shell and inner brown skin (ASIS), as well as peanut husk and inner skin (PHIS) to be used as industrial food processing by-products. The results showed that the samples exhibited different extraction yields, with GWH having the highest percentage at 15.18%, followed by FPSS at 12.81%, ASIS at 10.29%, and PHIS at 7.80%. FPSS had the highest total phenolic content (16.28 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g) as well as the best antioxidant capabilities for DPPH (8.96 mg Trolox equivalent (TE)/g), FRAP (11.46 mg TE/g), and ABTS (22.38 mg TE/g) assays. FPSS was followed by PHIS, ASIS, and GWH, respectively. Moreover, the extracts exhibited relatively low activity against acetylcholinesterase, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase compared to standard acarbose or galantamine. Furthermore, the extracts may have the potential to induce cytotoxic effects, varying from moderate to mild, on both cancerous (IC50 = 454.55-617.28 μg/mL) and healthy cells (IC50 = 438.60-490.20 μg/mL). The results of this research showed that shell residues of nut hold promise for a variety of industrial applications spanning the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozde Kutlu
- Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, Faculty of Fine Arts, Design and ArchitectureAnkara Medipol UniversityAnkaraTurkiye
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2
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Siddiqui SA, Azmy Harahap I, Suthar P, Wu YS, Ghosh N, Castro-Muñoz R. A Comprehensive Review of Phytonutrients as a Dietary Therapy for Obesity. Foods 2023; 12:3610. [PMID: 37835263 PMCID: PMC10572887 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex medical condition mainly caused by eating habits, genetics, lifestyle, and medicine. The present study deals with traditional diets like the Mediterranean diet, Nordic diet, African Heritage diet, Asian diet, and DASH, as these are considered to be sustainable diets for curing obesity. However, the bioavailability of phytonutrients consumed in the diet may vary, depending on several factors such as digestion and absorption of phytonutrients, interaction with other substances, cooking processes, and individual differences. Hence, several phytochemicals, like polyphenols, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, etc., have been investigated to assess their efficiencies and safety in the prevention and treatment of obesity. These phytochemicals have anti-obesity effects, mediated via modulation of many pathways, such as decreased lipogenesis, lipid absorption, accelerated lipolysis, energy intake, expenditure, and preadipocyte differentiation and proliferation. Owing to these anti-obesity effects, new food formulations incorporating these phytonutrients were introduced that can be beneficial in reducing the prevalence of obesity and promoting public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Essigberg 3, 94315 Straubing, Germany
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), Prof.-von-Klitzing Str. 7, 49610 Quakenbrück, Germany
| | | | - Priyanka Suthar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan 173230, Himachal Pradesh, India;
| | - Yuan Seng Wu
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Nibedita Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury University, Guwahati 781017, Assam, India;
| | - Roberto Castro-Muñoz
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Toluca, Av. Eduardo Monroy Cárdenas 2000, San Antonio Buenavista, Toluca de Lerdo 50110, Mexico
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
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3
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Hazelnut and its by-products: A comprehensive review of nutrition, phytochemical profile, extraction, bioactivities and applications. Food Chem 2023; 413:135576. [PMID: 36745946 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
As output of hazelnut increases worldwide, so does the amount of by-products, leading to huge waste and environmental stress. This paper focuses on the varieties of hazelnut that have been studied more in the past two decades, and summarizes the research status of hazelnut and its by-products from the aspects of nutritional value, phytochemicals, extraction methods, biological functions and applications. Hazelnut and its by-products are rich in a variety of bioactive constituents, mainly polyphenols, which have antioxidant, antibacterial and prebiotic effects. Moreover, hazelnut shells, husks, and leaves contain taxanes such as paclitaxel, which can inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells. They are potentially good natural sources of paclitaxel compared to the slower growing yew. Therefore, it is essential to further integrate the extraction techniques and health-promoting properties of these nutrients and bioactive substances to expand their application and enhance their value.
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Balta C, Herman H, Ciceu A, Mladin B, Rosu M, Sasu A, Peteu VE, Voicu SN, Balas M, Gherghiceanu M, Dinischiotu A, Olah NK, Hermenean A. Phytochemical Profiling and Anti-Fibrotic Activities of the Gemmotherapy Bud Extract of Corylus avellana in a Model of Liver Fibrosis on Diabetic Mice. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1771. [PMID: 37371866 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to explore the hepatoprotective effects of the gemmotherapy bud extract of Corylus avellana in a model of liver fibrosis on diabetic mice. An evaluation of total flavonoids and polyphenols contents and LC/MS analyses were performed. Experimental fibrosis was induced with CCl4 (2 mL/kg by i.p. injections twice a week for 7 weeks) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Our results showed a content of 6-7% flavonoids, while hyperoside and chlorogenic acids were highlighted in the bud extract. Toxic administration of CCl4 increased oxidative stress, mRNA expression of the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and Smad 2/3, and reduced Smad 7 expression. Furthermore, up-regulation of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) revealed an activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), while collagen I (Col I) up-regulation and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) unbalance led to an altered extracellular matrix enriched in collagen, confirmed as well by a trichrome stain and electron microscopy analysis. Treatment with gemmotherapy extract significantly restored the liver architecture and the antioxidant balance, and significantly decreased collagen deposits in the liver and improved the liver function. Our results suggest that Corylus avellana gemmotherapy extract may have anti-fibrotic effects and could be useful in the prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis. The hepatoprotective mechanism is based on HSC inhibition, a reduction in oxidative stress and liver damage, a downregulation of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway and a MMPs/TIMP rebalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornel Balta
- "Aurel Ardelean" Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University, 86 Rebreanu, 310414 Arad, Romania
| | - Hildegard Herman
- "Aurel Ardelean" Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University, 86 Rebreanu, 310414 Arad, Romania
| | - Alina Ciceu
- "Aurel Ardelean" Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University, 86 Rebreanu, 310414 Arad, Romania
| | - Bianca Mladin
- "Aurel Ardelean" Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University, 86 Rebreanu, 310414 Arad, Romania
| | - Marcel Rosu
- "Aurel Ardelean" Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University, 86 Rebreanu, 310414 Arad, Romania
| | - Alciona Sasu
- "Aurel Ardelean" Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University, 86 Rebreanu, 310414 Arad, Romania
| | | | - Sorina Nicoleta Voicu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Balas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Gherghiceanu
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Dinischiotu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Neli Kinga Olah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Vasile Goldis Western University, 86 Rebreanu, 310414 Arad, Romania
| | - Anca Hermenean
- "Aurel Ardelean" Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University, 86 Rebreanu, 310414 Arad, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldis Western University, 86 Rebreanu, 310414 Arad, Romania
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Gamboa-Gómez CI, Denise-Herrera M, Simental-Mendía LE, Zamilpa-Alvarez A, González-Cortazar M, Martínez-Aguilar G, Alvarado-Aguilar P, Morales-Castro EP, Ávila-Soto JA, Amador-Herrera JA, Guerrero-Romero F. Inhibitory effect of Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens Kunth) extracts on digestive enzymes in vitro, and beneficial impact on carbohydrates and lipids absorption in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 297:115527. [PMID: 35817248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Although Mexican oregano inhibits digestive enzymes in vitro its effect on the absorption of carbohydrates and lipids in vivo has not been addressed. AIM OF THE STUDY Assess the effect of Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens Kunth) on carbohydrates and lipids absorption in vivo. The antioxidant activity also was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Enzymatic inhibitory action of lipase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase was evaluated in vitro. Oral lipid (OLTT) and starch tolerance tests (OSTT) were conducted with L. graveolens acetone (O-A) and ethanol (O-E) extracts (at 102 mg/kg body weight equivalent to a 1 g human doses) in male Wistar rats. The antioxidant activity was evaluated through inhibition of lipid peroxidation and scavenging radical. RESULTS Both extracts exhibited higher inhibitory median concentration (IC50) of lipase activity (1.9 μg/μL for O-E and 1.8 μg/μL for O-A) than the positive control (Orlistat) (0.07 μg/μL). The IC50 of α-amylase was higher (41.8 μg/μL for O-E and 25.2 μg/μL for O-A) than the Acarbose (2.5 μg/μL); while α-glucosidase results showed not statistically differences between groups (∼1.7 μg/μL). The OLTT results showed that both extracts significantly reduced serum triglycerides (∼147 mg/dL for O-E and ∼155 mg/dL for O-A) as compared with negative control group (only lipid load). In the OSTT, glucose levels showed a significant decrease (∼31 mg/dL for O-E and ∼17 mg/dL for O-A) than the negative control group (only starch load). About in vitro antioxidant evaluation, not statistically differences between extracts and positive control (Trolox) were observed for scavenged free radicals (∼2.0 μg/μL); whereas O-A inhibited lipid peroxidation similar to the Trolox (∼0.8 μg/μL IC50). The main chemical composition of both extracts was coumaric acid, luteolin, rutinoside, naringenin, and carvacrol. CONCLUSIONS Both extracts reduce lipid absorption; whereas O-E decreases carbohydrate absorption in vivo. Both extracts inhibit lipid peroxidation and scavenging free radicals in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia I Gamboa-Gómez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Canoas 100, 34067, Durango, Mexico
| | - Mayra Denise-Herrera
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP) Campo Experimental Zacatecas, Km 24.5 Carretera Zacatecas-Fresnillo, 98500, Calera de V.R., Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Luis E Simental-Mendía
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Canoas 100, 34067, Durango, Mexico
| | | | | | - Gerardo Martínez-Aguilar
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Canoas 100, 34067, Durango, Mexico
| | - Pablo Alvarado-Aguilar
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Canoas 100, 34067, Durango, Mexico
| | - Elisa P Morales-Castro
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Canoas 100, 34067, Durango, Mexico
| | - José A Ávila-Soto
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Canoas 100, 34067, Durango, Mexico
| | - Juan A Amador-Herrera
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Canoas 100, 34067, Durango, Mexico
| | - Fernando Guerrero-Romero
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Canoas 100, 34067, Durango, Mexico.
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6
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Rauf A, Akram M, Anwar H, Daniyal M, Munir N, Bawazeer S, Bawazeer S, Rebezov M, Bouyahya A, Shariati MA, Thiruvengadam M, Sarsembenova O, Mabkhot YN, Islam MN, Emran TB, Hodak S, Zengin G, Khan H. Therapeutic potential of herbal medicine for the management of hyperlipidemia: latest updates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:40281-40301. [PMID: 35320475 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19733-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia, the most common form of dyslipidemia, is the main source of cardiovascular disorders, characterized by elevated level of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in peripheral blood. It is caused by a defect in lipid metabolism in the surface of Apoprotein C-II or a defect in lipoprotein lipase activity as well as reported in genetic, dietary and environmental factors. Several electronic databases were investigated as information sources, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Semantic Scholar, MEDLINE and CNKI Scholar. The current review focused on the risk factors of dyslipidemia, synthetic medication with their side effects and different types of medicinal plants having significant potential for the management of hyperlipidemia. The management of hyperlipidemia mostly involves a constant decrease in lipid level using different remedial drugs like statin, fibrate, bile acid sequestrates and niacin. However, this extensive review suggested that the consequences of these drugs are arguable, due to their numerous adverse effects. The selected parts of herb plants are used intact or their extracts containing active phytoconstituents to regulate the lipids in blood level. It was also noted that the Chinese herbal medicine and combination therapy is promising for the lowering of hyperlipidemia. This review intends to provide a scientific base for future endeavors, such as in-depth biological and chemical investigations into previously researched topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, 23430, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hina Anwar
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Daniyal
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation and Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Naveed Munir
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sami Bawazeer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 42, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Bawazeer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 42, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathology Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Genomic Center of Human Pathology, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | | | - Yahia N Mabkhot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Nazmul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Sergey Hodak
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
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Lee TH, Lee CH, Azmi NA, Liew RK, Hamdan N, Wong SL, Ong PY. Amino acid determination by HPLC combined with multivariate approach for geographical classification of Malaysian Edible Bird’s Nest. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Tegegne BA, Mekuria AB, Birru EM. Evaluation of Anti-Diabetic and Anti-Hyperlipidemic Activities of Hydro-Alcoholic Crude Extract of the Shoot Tips of Crinum abyssinicum Hochst. ex A. Rich (Amaryllidaceae) in Mice. J Exp Pharmacol 2022; 14:27-41. [PMID: 35136357 PMCID: PMC8817951 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s335650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bantayehu Addis Tegegne
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Bantayehu Addis Tegegne, Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia, Tel +251 9 13 32 62 85, Email
| | - Abebe Basazn Mekuria
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Eshetie Melese Birru
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Extraction of Polyphenols from Olive Leaves Employing Deep Eutectic Solvents: The Application of Chemometrics to a Quantitative Study on Antioxidant Compounds. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12020831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The extraction of phenolic compounds from olive leaves was optimized using three glycerol-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with lysine, proline, and arginine. A three-level Box–Behnken design was used to examine the influence of the liquid/solid ratio, concentration of DESs, and extraction temperature on the yield of the extraction process. A second-order polynomial model was used for predicting the polyphenol extraction yield. The optimal predicted conditions were used for extractions and they provided the highest total phenol yields with the glycerol–lysine exhibiting the best performance. Quantification of tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, and rutin in the extracts showed high content in tyrosol in all DESs, particularly with glycerol–lysine and relatively similar contents with other studies for the other phenolic compounds. Finally, a linear relationship between tyrosol content and the total phenolic content of the extracts was observed.
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10
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Onaolapo OJ, Odeniyi AO, Onaolapo AY. Parkinson's Disease: Is there a Role for Dietary and Herbal Supplements? CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 20:343-365. [PMID: 33602107 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210218082954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is characterised by degeneration of the neurons of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway of the brain. The pharmacological cornerstone of PD management is mainly the use of dopamine precursors, dopamine receptor agonists, and agents that inhibit the biochemical degradation of dopamine. While these drugs initially provide relief to the symptoms and improve the quality of life of the patients, progression of the underlying pathological processes, such as oxidative stress and neuroinflammation (which have been strongly associated with PD and other neurodegenerative disorders), eventually reduce their benefits, making further benefits achievable, only at high doses due to which the magnitude and frequency of side-effects are amplified. Also, while it is becoming obvious that mainstream pharmacological agents may not always provide the much-needed answer, the question remains what succour can nature provide through dietary supplements, nutraceuticals and herbal remedies? This narrative review examines current literature for evidence of the possible roles (if any) of nutraceuticals, dietary supplements and herbal remedies in the prevention or management of PD by examining how these compounds could modulate key factors and pathways that are crucial to the pathogenesis and/or progression of PD. The likely limitations of this approach and its possible future roles in PD prevention and management are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olakunle J Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience Unit, Neuropharmacology Subdivision, Department of Pharmacology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Ademola O Odeniyi
- Behavioural Neuroscience Unit, Neuropharmacology Subdivision, Department of Pharmacology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Adejoke Y Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience Unit, Neurobiology Subdivision, Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
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11
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The antibacterial, antioxidant and anti enzymatic activities of the leaves’ crude extracts of Hyoscyamus gallagheri. ADVANCES IN BIOMARKER SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abst.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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12
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Lemon Balm and Corn Silk Extracts Mitigate High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10122015. [PMID: 34943118 PMCID: PMC8698494 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10122015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lemon balm and corn silk are valuable medicinal herbs, which exhibit variety of beneficial effects for human health. The present study explored the anti-obesity effects of a mixture of lemon balm and corn silk extracts (M-LB/CS) by comparison with the effects of single herbal extracts in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice. HFD supplementation for 84 days increased the body weight, the fat mass density, the mean diameter of adipocytes, and the thickness of fat pads. However, oral administration of M-LB/CS significantly alleviated the HFD-mediated weight gain and adipocyte hypertrophy without affecting food consumption. Of the various combination ratios of M-LB/CS tested, the magnitude of the decreases in weight gain and adipocyte hypertrophy by administration of 1:1, 1:2, 2:1, and 4:1 (w/w) M-LB/CS was more potent than that by single herbal extracts alone. In addition, M-LB/CS reduced the HFD-mediated increases in serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein, prevented the reduction in serum high-density lipoprotein, and facilitated fecal excretion of cholesterol and triglyceride. Moreover, M-LB/CS mitigated the abnormal changes in specific mRNAs associated with lipogenesis and lipolysis in the adipose tissue. Furthermore, M-LB/CS reduced lipid peroxidation by inhibiting the HFD-mediated reduction in glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. Therefore, M-LB/CS is a promising herbal mixture for preventing obesity.
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13
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Tartaglia A, Romasco T, D'Ovidio C, Rosato E, Ulusoy HI, Furton KG, Kabir A, Locatelli M. Determination of phenolic compounds in human saliva after oral administration of red wine by high performance liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 209:114486. [PMID: 34847459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Red wine is a relevant source of bioactive compounds, which contribute to its antioxidant activity and other beneficial advantages for human health. However, the bioavailability of phenols in humans is not well understood, and the inter-individual variability in the production of phenolic compounds has not been comprehensively assessed to date. The present work describes a new method for the extraction and analysis of phenolic compounds including gallic acid (Gal), vanillic acid (Van), caffeic acid (Caf), syringic acid (Sir); (-)-epicatechin (Epi); p-coumaric acid (Cum) and resveratrol (Rsv) in human saliva samples. The target analytes were extracted using Fabric Phase Sorptive Extraction (FPSE), and subsequently analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with photodiode array detector (PDA). Chromatographic separation was achieved using a Symmetry C18 RP column in gradient elution mode, with methanol and phosphate buffer as the mobile phases. The linearity (intercept, slope, and determination coefficient) was evaluated in the range from 1 to 50 µg/mL. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 1 µg/mL (LLOQ ≥0.8 µg/mL), whereas limit of detection was 0.25 µg/mL. The intra and inter-day RSD% and BIAS% values were less than± 15%. The analytical performances were further tested on human saliva collected from healthy volunteers after administering red wine. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first FPSE procedure for the analysis of phenols in saliva, using a non-invasive and easy to perform sample collection protocol. The proposed fast and inexpensive approach can be deployed as a reliable tool to study other biological matrices to proliferate understanding of these compounds distribution in human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tartaglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - T Romasco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - C D'Ovidio
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - E Rosato
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - H I Ulusoy
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas 58140, Turkey
| | - K G Furton
- International Forensic Research Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - A Kabir
- International Forensic Research Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - M Locatelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti 66100, Italy.
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14
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Trifan A, Zengin G, Sinan KI, Wolfram E, Skalicka-Woźniak K, Luca SV. LC-HRMS/MS phytochemical profiling of Symphytum officinale L. and Anchusa ochroleuca M. Bieb. (Boraginaceae): Unveiling their multi-biological potential via an integrated approach. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 204:114283. [PMID: 34329923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed at providing a comprehensive phytochemical characterization and multi-biological assessment of Symphytum officinale L., a medicinal plant with a noteworthy traditional use, and Anchusa ochroleuca M. Bieb., a Boraginaceae species from the Romanian flora. The dichloromethane, methanol and 65 % ethanol extracts obtained from the roots and aerial parts of both plants revealed the presence of numerous phenolic acids, oxygenated fatty acids, pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and flavonoids, as assessed by LC-HRMS/MS analysis. Consistent with their higher total phenolic content, the polar aerial part extracts of S. officinale and root extracts of A. ochroleuca showed the most significant antioxidant activities, as evaluated by DPPH (173.22-216.98 mg TE/g) and ABTS (219.41-311.97 mg TE/g) radical scavenging, CUPRAC (387.18-626.40 mg TE/g), FRAP (199.36-299.86 mg TE/g) and total antioxidant capacity (2.28-2.68 mmol TE/g). Furthermore, both plants exhibited good tyrosinase (19.11-43.89 mg KAE/g) and α-glucosidase (2.45-12.54 mmol ACAE/g) inhibitory effects. The orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) allowed the objective differentiation between the roots and aerial parts of the two investigated species based on their phytochemical and biological profiles. The partial least square (PLS) analysis showed that several individual phenolic acids, such as danshensu, rabdosiin and rosmarinic acid, significantly contributed to the antioxidant potential of both Boraginaceae species, whilst the relative levels of sucrose were positively correlated with the anti-enzymatic properties. Overall, S. officinale and A. ochroleuca could be regarded as rich sources of bioactive phytochemicals that could further lead to developing novel phyto-pharmaceutical commodities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Trifan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115, Iasi, Romania
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, University Campus, 42130, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Kouadio Ibrahime Sinan
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, University Campus, 42130, Konya, Turkey
| | - Evelyn Wolfram
- Phytopharmacy and Natural Products Research Group, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak
- Independent Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Simon Vlad Luca
- Biothermodynamics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany.
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15
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Senizza B, Zhang L, Rocchetti G, Zengin G, Ak G, Yıldıztugay E, Elbasan F, Jugreet S, Mahomoodally MF, Lucini L. Metabolomic profiling and biological properties of six Limonium species: novel perspectives for nutraceutical purposes. Food Funct 2021; 12:3443-3454. [PMID: 33900332 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02968h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The genus Limonium includes important halophyte plants containing a variety of bioactive compounds of therapeutic interest. In the present work, the untargeted phytochemical profiles of both aerial part and root extracts from six Limonium species namely, L. bellidifolium, L. globuliferum, L. gmelinii, L. lilacinum, L. sinuatum and L. iconicum from Turkey were determined. Furthermore, several biological activities (in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effects) were investigated. Overall, significant amounts of total phenolics (43.64-238.18 mg g-1) and flavonoids (1.61-129.69 mg g-1) were recorded. Particularly, the root extracts of L. gmelinii, L. iconicum and L. globuliferum showed the highest total phenolic content (204.13-238.18 mg g-1), whilst the highest total flavonoid content was recorded in the root extracts of L. gmelinii (129.69 mg g-1). Overall, the tested extracts demonstrated potent radical scavenging activities in both DPPH (2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (90.10-507.94 mg g-1 and 163.39-1175.34 mg g-1, respectively). However, the highest scavenging potential (p < 0.05) was displayed by the root extracts of L. iconicum. Conversely, the metal chelating ability assay revealed that L. lilacinum root extract showed the highest activity (21.03 mg g-1). Interestingly, all the extracts were found to be active inhibitors of cholinesterases (AChE (acetylcholinesterase): 4.20-5.11 mg GALAE (galantamine equivalent) per g; BChE (butyrylcholinesterase): 3.89-10.75 mg GALAE per g), amylase (0.52-1.09 mmol ACAE (acarbose equivalent) per g) and tyrosinase (119.41-155.67 mg KAE (kojic acid equivalent) per g), unlike for glucosidase (2.31-2.41 mmol ACAE per g). Taken together, these findings demonstrated a diverse chemical profiles and biological of the extracts, to be potentially considered as phytotherapeutic or functional ingredients due to their antioxidant properties and inhibition of key enzymes involved in several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biancamaria Senizza
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 29122, Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 29122, Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Rocchetti
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 29122, Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, 42130 Konya, Turkey
| | - Gunes Ak
- Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, 42130 Konya, Turkey
| | - Evren Yıldıztugay
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, 42130 Konya, Turkey
| | - Fevzi Elbasan
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, 42130 Konya, Turkey
| | - Sharmeen Jugreet
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 29122, Piacenza, Italy.
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16
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Olofinnade AT, Onaolapo AY, Onaolapo OJ, Olowe OA. The potential toxicity of food-added sodium benzoate in mice is concentration-dependent. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:561-569. [PMID: 34141170 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium benzoate (NaB) is a versatile food preservative that has also found some applications in the treatment of medical disorders. However, till date, its possible widespread effects on the body are not well studied. We examined the likely effect of diet-added NaB on weight/food intake, haematological parameters, neurobehaviour, antioxidant status, lipid profile and anti-inflammatory/apoptotic markers in mice. Animals were assigned randomly into 4 groups of 10 mice each. Groups included normal control (fed rodent chow) and three groups fed NaB at 125 (0.0125%), 250 (0.025% and 500 (0.05%) mg/kg of feed added to diet, respectively, for eight weeks. Body weight and food intake were assessed. At the end of the experimental period animals were euthanized, blood was then taken for the assessment of haematological, biochemical and inflammatory/apoptotic markers. At the lowest concentration, NaB diet increased body weight and food intake. Decrease in haematological cell counts and total antioxidant capacity were observed, whereas serum malondialdehyde levels and superoxide dismutase activity were increased across the three concentrations. Serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-10 decreased, whereas caspase-3 levels showed no significant difference. Lipid profile and biochemical indices of kidney and liver function were also affected by NaB diet. In conclusion, our findings suggest that NaB may be harmful if regulations regarding its limit of consumption are mistakenly or deliberately ignored. Therefore, it is advisable that regulations on quantities to be added to food be enforced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Tope Olofinnade
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, P.M.B. 21266. 1-5 Oba Akinjobi Way,G.R.A Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Adejoke Yetunde Onaolapo
- Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, University Road. P.M.B, 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olakunle James Onaolapo
- Department of Pharmacology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, University Road. P.M.B, 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olugbenga Adekunle Olowe
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, University Road. P.M.B, 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria Nigeria
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17
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Onaolapo OJ, Omotoso SA, Olofinnade AT, Onaolapo AY. Anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-lipaemic effects of daily dietary coenzyme-Q10 supplement in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:380-388. [PMID: 33906592 DOI: 10.2174/1871523020666210427111328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dietary model of metabolic syndrome has continued to aid our understanding of its pathogenesis and possible management interventions. However, despite progress in research, therapy continues to be challenging in humans; hence, the search for newer treatment and prevention options. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of dietary CQ10 supplementation on metabolic, oxidative and inflammatory markers in a diet-induced mouse model of metabolic syndrome. METHODS Mouse groups were fed standard diet (SD), high-fat high-sugar (HFHS) diet, and SD or HFHS diet (with incorporated CQ10) at 60 and 120 mg/kg of feed respectively. At the completion of the study (8 weeks), blood glucose levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, plasma insulin, leptin, adiponectin, TNF-α, IL-10, serum lipid profile, and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were assessed. The liver was either homogenised for the assessment of antioxidant status or processed for general histology. RESULTS Dietary CQ10 mitigated HFHS diet-induced weight gain, decreased glucose, insulin and leptin levels; and increased adiponectin levels in mice. Coenzyme-Q10 improved the antioxidant status of the liver and blood in HFHS diet fed mice, while also decreasing lipid peroxidation. Lipid profile improved, level of TNF-α decreased and IL-10 increased following CQ10 diet. A mitigation of HFHS diet-induced alteration in liver morphology was also observed with CQ10. CONCLUSION Dietary CQ10 supplementation mitigates HFHS diet-induced changes in mice possibly through its anti-oxidant, anti-lipaemic and anti-inflammatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olakunle J Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience/Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State. Nigeria
| | - Sarafa A Omotoso
- Behavioural Neuroscience/Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State. Nigeria
| | - Anthony T Olofinnade
- Behavioural Neuroscience/Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State. Nigeria
| | - Adejoke Y Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience/Neurobiology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State. Nigeria
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18
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Enhanced Recovery of Phenolic and Tocopherolic Compounds from Walnut ( Juglans Regia L.) Male Flowers Based on Process Optimization of Ultrasonic Assisted-Extraction: Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040607. [PMID: 33920912 PMCID: PMC8071334 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The extraction of bioactive compounds present in walnut (Juglans regia L.) male flowers (WMFs) was performed based on an experimental design using ultrasonic-assisted extraction. Solvent nature, extraction time, and water content were selected as experimental variables, and phenolic, flavonoidic, and condensed tannins contents and antioxidant properties were evaluated. Acetone was the solvent with the highest extraction performance, with the extracts obtained using this solvent displaying an increased concentration of bioactive compounds and increased antioxidant activities. For several extracts with high bioactive content, individual polyphenolic and tocopherolic compounds were evaluated by means of LC-MS and LC-MS/MS. The best extraction conditions for polyphenolic (2.86 mg gallic acid equivalents/g WMF) and tocopherolic compounds (29.4 µg/g WMF) were acetone with 40% water content (N20) and acetone with 20% water content (N15), respectively. Although the total tocopherol concentrations were lower than in other Juglans regia parts, most of the total tocopherol quantity was provided by the highly biologically active δ-tocopherol (84%). Significant quantities of quercetin (101.9 µg/g), hyperoside (2662.9 µg/g), quercitrin (405.7 µg/g), and isoquercitrin (1293.7 µg/g) were determined in WMF (N20). Both extracts inhibited the enzymatic activity of α-glucosidase and tyrosinase; however, an increased inhibition was observed for N20, the extract with the higher polyphenolic content. Conversely, N15 had higher anticancerous activity on the cell lines used, with a moderate selectivity towards the cancerous phenotype being observed for both extracts. At non-cytotoxic concentrations, both extracts displayed good antioxidant activities in cellular cultures, decreasing basal and H2O2-induced oxidative stress. This is the first characterization of both hydrophilic and lipophilic phytochemicals in WMF extracts. The outcomes of our study reveal that walnut male flowers have strong biological activities, thus justifying further research to demonstrate their usefulness in the food, pharmaceutical, and/or cosmetic industries.
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19
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Sinan KI, Etienne OK, Stefanucci A, Mollica A, Mahomoodally MF, Jugreet S, Rocchetti G, Lucini L, Aktumsek A, Montesano D, Ak G, Zengin G. Chemodiversity and biological activity of essential oils from three species from the
Euphorbia
genus. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ouattara Katinan Etienne
- Laboratoire de Botanique UFR Biosciences Universite Felix Houphouet‐Boigny Abidjan Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Azzurra Stefanucci
- Department of Pharmacy University 'G. d’Annunzio' of Chieti‐Pescara Chieti Italy
| | - Adriano Mollica
- Department of Pharmacy University 'G. d’Annunzio' of Chieti‐Pescara Chieti Italy
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences Faculty of Medicines and Health Sciences University of MauritiusRéduit Mauritius
| | - Sharmeen Jugreet
- Department of Health Sciences Faculty of Medicines and Health Sciences University of MauritiusRéduit Mauritius
| | - Gabriele Rocchetti
- Department for Sustainable Food Process Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Piacenza Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Piacenza Italy
| | | | - Domenico Montesano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Food Science and Nutrition Section University of Perugia Perugia Italy
| | - Gunes Ak
- Department of Biology Science Faculty Selcuk Universtiy Konya Turkey
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology Science Faculty Selcuk Universtiy Konya Turkey
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20
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Mahomoodally MF, Dall’Acqua S, Sinan KI, Sut S, Ferrarese I, Etienne OK, Sadeer NB, Ak G, Zengin G. Phenolic compounds analysis of three Euphorbia species by LC-DAD-MSn and their biological properties. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 189:113477. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Olofinnade AT, Onaolapo AY, Onaolapo OJ, Olowe OA, Adeyeba OA. Food-added azodicarbonamide alters haematogical parameters, antioxidant status and biochemical/histomorphological indices of liver and kidney injury in rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 32:39-50. [PMID: 32772004 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Azodicarbonamide (ADA) is a dough enhancer currently used as a replacement for potassium bromate in the process of bread-making in countries such as Nigeria. However, comprehensive information on the toxicological profile of ADA is not readily available. The present study investigated the toxicological effects of ADA in rats. METHODS Twenty-four adult rats were randomly assigned into four groups of six rats each. Animals in group A served as the control (administered standard diet), whereas animals in groups B, C and D were fed ADA in food at 1, 2 and 4%, respectively. Standard or ADA diet was fed to the animals daily for a period of 28 days. Body weight was measured weekly, whereas food and water consumption was measured daily. On day 28, animals were fasted overnight after which they were euthanised. Blood samples taken were used for assessment of fasting blood glucose, haematological parameters, serum lipids, antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation status, electrolytes and urea, plasma proteins and biochemical parameters of liver and kidney injury. The liver and kidneys were then excised and processed for general histological study. RESULTS The results showed that repeated administration of ADA was associated with dose-related decrease in weight gain, decrease in overall food consumption, decreased superoxide dismutase activity/glutathione level and increased lipid peroxidation. There was also biochemical and morphological evidence of liver and kidney injury. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that food-added ADA could be injurious to the body cells and organs in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony T Olofinnade
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria.,Behavioural Neuroscience/Neurobiology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Adejoke Y Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience/Neurobiology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olakunle J Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience/Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Olugbenga A Olowe
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseyi A Adeyeba
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
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22
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Mpingirika EZ, El Hosseiny A, Bakheit SMS, Arafeh R, Amleh A. Potential Anticancer Activity of Crude Ethanol, Ethyl Acetate, and Water Extracts of Ephedra foeminea on Human Osteosarcoma U2OS Cell Viability and Migration. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3837693. [PMID: 32695811 PMCID: PMC7368211 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3837693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are potential sources for a wide range of complex compounds with probable anticancer activity. Ephedra foeminea Forssk. (E. foeminea), a medicinal plant found in the Eastern Mediterranean, has recently been gaining popularity as a cancer remedy; there is, however, a paucity of empirical evidence supporting this claim. In this study, the effect of E. foeminea ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water crude extracts on viability, migratory ability, and the steady-state mRNA levels of genes involved in these processes was, respectively, examined using MTT assay, wound healing assay, and reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). The study concludes that all extracts significantly reduce human osteosarcoma U2OS percentage viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with varying potencies. The least half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was observed in the water extract after 48 h incubation (30.761 ± 1.4 μg/mL) followed by the ethyl acetate extract after 72 h incubation (80.35 ± 1.233 μg/mL) and finally the ethanol extract after 48 h incubation (97.499 ± 1.188 μg/mL). Ethanol extract significantly reduced U2OS percentage wound closure. On the other hand, both ethanol and water extracts considerably reduced the steady-state mRNA expression of beta-catenin, promoting both cell proliferation and migration in osteosarcoma by regulating target genes. Additionally, E. foeminea showed no hemolytic activity. These effects suggest that E. foeminea decreases U2OS cell viability and migratory ability by modulating the expression of critical genes involved in regulating these processes and is likely cytocompatible with human erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed El Hosseiny
- Department of Biology, American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | | | - Rami Arafeh
- Palestine-Korea Biotechnology Center, Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron, State of Palestine
| | - Asma Amleh
- Biotechnology Program, American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
- Department of Biology, American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
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23
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A comparative assessment of biological activities of Gundelia dersim Miller and Gundelia glabra Vitek, Yüce & Ergin extracts and their chemical characterization via HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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24
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Sodipo MA, Oyeleye SI, Oboh G, Agbede JO, Oluwamukomi MO. Hypoglycemic effect of biscuits produced from flour blends of three medicinal foods on high-fat diet-streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13334. [PMID: 32602196 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The study evaluated the hypoglycemic effect of biscuits produced from flour blends of three medicinal foods (Unripe plantain fruits, Moringa seed, and pigeon pea) on high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced (HFD/STZ) diabetic rats. The formulated biscuits were produced at different proportion of the flour blends and fed to HFD-STZ-induced diabetic rats for 14 days. The result showed that the formulated biscuits caused a significant increase in pancreas, liver, and kidney antioxidant molecules, decreased the production of thiobarbituric reactive acid species (TBARS) in pancreas, liver, and kidney homogenates, and reduced pancreatic α-amylase and intestinal α-glucosidase activities as against untreated diabetic rats. In conclusion, the use of formulated biscuits from the blends of flours from unripe plantain, Moringa seed, and pigeon pea could serve as functional food toward the treatment/management of diabetes and its possible complications such as diabetes-induced liver and kidney damage. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The drug use in the management of diabetes such as acarbose have been reported to have side effects, while diet therapy is gaining much interest in the management of diabetes. Hence, there is a need for diets base therapy that will not only cure diabetes, but also combat its complications. In sight of this, unripe plantain, Moringa seed, and pigeon pea flours were blended and used to produce functional biscuits for diabetic rats. The biscuit could be produced on the large scale under hygienic and regulated condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mopelola Ajoke Sodipo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | | | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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25
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Chiavaroli A, Sinan KI, Zengin G, Mahomoodally MF, Bibi Sadeer N, Etienne OK, Cziáky Z, Jekő J, Glamočlija J, Soković M, Recinella L, Brunetti L, Leone S, Abdallah HH, Angelini P, Angeles Flores G, Venanzoni R, Menghini L, Orlando G, Ferrante C. Identification of Chemical Profiles and Biological Properties of Rhizophora racemosa G. Mey. Extracts Obtained by Different Methods and Solvents. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060533. [PMID: 32570898 PMCID: PMC7346144 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangrove forests exemplify a multifaceted ecosystem since they do not only play a crucial ecological role but also possess medicinal properties. Methanolic, ethyl acetate and aqueous leaf and bark extracts were prepared using homogenizer-assisted extraction (HAE), infusion and maceration (with and without stirring). The different extracts were screened for phytochemical profiling and antioxidant capacities in terms of radical scavenging (DPPH, ABTS), reducing potential (CUPRAC, FRAP), total antioxidant capacity and chelating power. Additionally, R. racemosa was evaluated for its anti-diabetic (α-amylase, α-glucosidase), anti-tyrosinase and anti-cholinesterase (AChE, BChE) activities. Additionally, antimycotic and antibacterial effects were investigated against Eescherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride, Penicillium funiculosum, Penicillium ochrochloron and Penicillium verrucosum. Finally, based on phytochemical fingerprint, in silico studies, including bioinformatics, network pharmacology and docking approaches were conducted to predict the putative targets, namely tyrosinase, lanosterol-14-α-demethylase and E. coli DNA gyrase, underlying the observed bio-pharmacological and microbiological effects. The methanolic leave and bark extracts (prepared by both HAE and maceration) abounded with phenolics, flavonoids, phenolic acids and flavonols. Results displayed that both methanolic leaf and bark extracts (prepared by HAE) exhibited the highest radical scavenging, reducing potential and total antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, our findings showed that the highest enzymatic inhibitory activity recorded was with the tyrosinase enzyme. In this context, bioinformatics analysis predicted putative interactions between tyrosinase and multiple secondary metabolites including apigenin, luteolin, vitexin, isovitexin, procyanidin B, quercetin and methoxy-trihydroxyflavone. The same compounds were also docked against lanosterol-14α-demethylase and E. Coli DNA gyrase, yielding affinities in the submicromolar–micromolar range that further support the observed anti-microbial effects exerted by the extracts. In conclusion, extracts of R. racemosa may be considered as novel sources of phytoanti-oxidants and enzyme inhibitors that can be exploited as future first-line pharmacophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (L.R.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (L.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Koaudio Ibrahime Sinan
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk Universtiy, Campus Konya, 42130 Konya, Turkey;
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk Universtiy, Campus Konya, 42130 Konya, Turkey;
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (P.A.); (G.O.)
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam; or
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit 230, Mauritius;
| | - Nabeelah Bibi Sadeer
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit 230, Mauritius;
| | - Ouattara Katinan Etienne
- Laboratoire de Botanique, UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 01 Abidjan, Ivory Coast;
| | - Zoltán Cziáky
- Agricultural and Molecular Research and Service Institute, University of Nyíregyháza, 4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary; (Z.C.); (J.J.)
| | - József Jekő
- Agricultural and Molecular Research and Service Institute, University of Nyíregyháza, 4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary; (Z.C.); (J.J.)
| | - Jasmina Glamočlija
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.G.) (M.S.)
| | - Marina Soković
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.G.) (M.S.)
| | - Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (L.R.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (L.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (L.R.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (L.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (L.R.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (L.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Hassan H. Abdallah
- Chemistry Department, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil 44001, Iraq;
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Paola Angelini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy; (G.A.F.); (R.V.)
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (P.A.); (G.O.)
| | - Giancarlo Angeles Flores
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy; (G.A.F.); (R.V.)
| | - Roberto Venanzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy; (G.A.F.); (R.V.)
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (L.R.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (L.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (L.R.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (L.M.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (P.A.); (G.O.)
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (L.R.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (L.M.); (C.F.)
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Della Valle A, Dimmito MP, Zengin G, Pieretti S, Mollica A, Locatelli M, Cichelli A, Novellino E, Ak G, Yerlikaya S, Baloglu MC, Celik Altunoglu Y, Stefanucci A. Exploring the Nutraceutical Potential of Dried Pepper Capsicum annuum L. on Market from Altino in Abruzzo Region. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E400. [PMID: 32397242 PMCID: PMC7278808 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweet pepper is a typical type of Capsicum annuum from Abruzzo region, recognized as a traditional and local product, traditionally cultivated in the town of Altino (Abruzzo region, Italy). The aim of this study is to compare the sweet type of peppers from Altino with the hot pepper cultivated in the same area, in order to delineate their different phytochemical and biological profiles in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we elucidated their phytochemical composition, fatty acids composition and phenolic/flavonoid contents in extracts. Then antioxidant and enzyme inhibition assays were performed to evaluate their biological properties, together with in vitro cell assay and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. Microwave (1000 mg/mL) extract of hot pepper showed the best inhibition value on in vitro cell growth assay; in fact, the number of survived cells was about 20% and 40% for microwave and Soxhlet extracts, respectively. In vivo anti-inflammatory assay revealed good activity for both species, which, when associated with in vitro cell inhibition results, could explain the protective effect on human prostatic hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Della Valle
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.D.V.); (M.P.D.); (A.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Marilisa Pia Dimmito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.D.V.); (M.P.D.); (A.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, 42005 Konya, Turkey; (G.Z.); (G.A.)
| | - Stefano Pieretti
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Adriano Mollica
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.D.V.); (M.P.D.); (A.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Marcello Locatelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.D.V.); (M.P.D.); (A.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Angelo Cichelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Gunes Ak
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, 42005 Konya, Turkey; (G.Z.); (G.A.)
| | - Serife Yerlikaya
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, 3700 Kastamonu, Turkey; (S.Y.); (M.C.B.); (Y.C.A.)
| | - Mehmet Cengiz Baloglu
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, 3700 Kastamonu, Turkey; (S.Y.); (M.C.B.); (Y.C.A.)
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida—IFAS, 32611, Gainesville, FL 352, USA
| | - Yasemin Celik Altunoglu
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, 3700 Kastamonu, Turkey; (S.Y.); (M.C.B.); (Y.C.A.)
| | - Azzurra Stefanucci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.D.V.); (M.P.D.); (A.M.); (M.L.)
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Rusu ME, Fizesan I, Pop A, Mocan A, Gheldiu AM, Babota M, Vodnar DC, Jurj A, Berindan-Neagoe I, Vlase L, Popa DS. Walnut ( Juglans regia L.) Septum: Assessment of Bioactive Molecules and In Vitro Biological Effects. Molecules 2020; 25:E2187. [PMID: 32392837 PMCID: PMC7248768 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Walnut (Juglans regia L.) septum represents an interesting bioactive compound source by-product. In our study, a rich phenolic walnut septum extract, previously selected, was further examined. The tocopherol content determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) revealed higher amounts of α-tocopherol compared to γ- and δ-tocopherols. Moreover, several biological activities were investigated. The in vitro inhibiting assessment against acetylcholinesterase, α-glucosidase, or lipase attested a real management potential in diabetes or obesity. The extract demonstrated very strong antimicrobial potential against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enteritidis. It also revealed moderate (36.08%) and strong (43.27%) antimutagenic inhibitory effects against TA 98 and TA 100 strains. The cytotoxicity of the extract was assessed on cancerous (A549, T47D-KBluc, MCF-7) and normal (human gingival fibroblasts (HGF)) cell lines. Flow cytometry measurements confirmed the cytotoxicity of the extract in the cancerous cell lines. Additionally, the extract demonstrated antioxidant activity on all four cell types, as well as anti-inflammatory activity by lowering the inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-1 β (IL-1β)) evaluated in HGF cells. To the best of our knowledge, most of the cellular model analyses were performed for the first time in this matrix. The results prove that walnut septum may be a potential phytochemical source for pharmaceutical and food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Emil Rusu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.E.R.); (L.V.)
| | - Ionel Fizesan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.P.); (D.-S.P.)
| | - Anca Pop
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.P.); (D.-S.P.)
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-M.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Ana-Maria Gheldiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-M.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Mihai Babota
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-M.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Manastur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ancuta Jurj
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.J.); (I.B.-N.)
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.J.); (I.B.-N.)
- MEDFUTURE—Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laurian Vlase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.E.R.); (L.V.)
| | - Daniela-Saveta Popa
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.P.); (D.-S.P.)
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Synthesis, in vitro and in silico screening of 2-amino-4-aryl-6-(phenylthio) pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitriles as novel α-glucosidase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2020; 100:103879. [PMID: 32413625 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme is of prime importance for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). Apart of many organic scaffolds, pyridine based compounds have previously been reported for wide range of bioactivities. The current study reports a series of pyridine based synthetic analogues for their α-glucosidase inhibitory potential assessed by in vitro, kinetics and in silico studies. For this purpose, 2-amino-4-aryl-6-(phenylthio)pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitriles 1-28 were synthesized and subjected to in vitro screening. Several analogs, including 1-3, 7, 9, 11-14, and 16 showed many folds increased inhibitory potential in comparison to the standard acarbose (IC50 = 750 ± 10 µM). Interestingly, compound 7 (IC50 = 55.6 ± 0.3 µM) exhibited thirteen-folds greater inhibition strength than the standard acarbose. Kinetic studies on most potent molecule 7 revealed a competitive type inhibitory mechanism. In silico studies have been performed to examine the binding mode of ligand (compound 7) with the active site residues of α-glucosidase enzyme.
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Zengin G, Cvetanović A, Gašić U, Tešić Ž, Stupar A, Bulut G, Sinan KI, Uysal S, Picot-Allain MCN, Mahomoodally MF. A comparative exploration of the phytochemical profiles and bio-pharmaceutical potential of Helichrysum stoechas subsp. barrelieri extracts obtained via five extraction techniques. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Akdeniz M, Ertas A, Yener I, Firat M, Kolak U. Phytochemical and biological investigations on two Nepeta species: Nepeta heliotropifolia and N. congesta subsp. cryptantha. J Food Biochem 2019; 44:e13124. [PMID: 31869453 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the essential oil and aroma compositions of Nepeta heliotropifolia (NH) and N. congesta subsp. cryptantha (NC) were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC/FID), and their phenolic compounds by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In addition, antioxidant, cytotoxic, anticholinesterase, urease, and tyrosinase activities of essential oils obtained from NH and NC aerial parts and ethanol extracts prepared from different parts of NH and NC were investigated. The major constituent of water-distilled essential oils was found to be germacrene D (36.7% and 38.5%, respectively), and their main aroma component was eucalyptol (48.0% and 24.7%, respectively). Among the studied parts of NH and NC, their flowers extracts were found to be the richest in phenolic compounds and in which the most abundant compound was rosmarinic acid (8,909.91 and 4,317.20 μg/g, respectively). NH and NC flower extracts exhibited also strong antioxidant activity in DPPH, ABTS, and CUPRAC assays. Among the tested samples, NH essential oil indicated the best cytotoxic effect against PDF, HT-29, and MCF-7 (IC50 52.34, 25.89, and 44.70 μg/ml, respectively), and the highest butyrylcholinesterase (77.21 ± 1.12% inhibition) and moderate acetylcholinesterase (41.36 ± 0.69% inhibition) inhibitory activities. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This is the first report on the essential oil and aroma compositions, the phenolic compounds, the antioxidant with total phenolic and flavonoid contents, cytotoxic, anticholinesterase, urease, and tyrosinase activities of Nepeta heliotropifolia and N. congesta subsp. cryptantha, except for their essential oil compositions. The reported results suggested that Nepeta heliotropifolia and N. congesta subsp. cryptantha flowers being rich in rosmarinic acid and having strong antioxidant potential, and NH essential oil possessing significant cytotoxic and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory effect could be source for nutraceutical, food, and drug industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Akdeniz
- The Council of Forensic Medicine, Ministry of Justice, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Abdulselam Ertas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Ismail Yener
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Firat
- Faculty of Education, Department of Biology, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Kolak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Bagetta D, Maruca A, Lupia A, Mesiti F, Catalano R, Romeo I, Moraca F, Ambrosio FA, Costa G, Artese A, Ortuso F, Alcaro S, Rocca R. Mediterranean products as promising source of multi-target agents in the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 186:111903. [PMID: 31787360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Alteration of nutritional habits play an essential role on the risk of developing Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). Several epidemiological studies have shown that assuming diets rich of foods included in the Mediterranean diet (MetDiet) pattern like, such as olive oil, nuts, fruit, fiber, vegetables, wine and grain cereals has protective effects on the different risk factors characterizing the MetS. The beneficial effects of the MetDiet in the MetS are mainly due to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the most abundant phytochemical components of such foods as polyphenols like resveratrol and oleuropein, allyl sulfides, ellagic acid, mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA and PUFA), tocopherols and flavonoids like quercetin, which have shown positive results in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), with related risk factors, like hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and obesity. In this review, we highlighted the multi-target activities of the bioactive components contained in some foods typical of the Mediterranean area like olive oil, onion, liquorice, rosemary, oregano, hazelnut, pistachio, "Melannurca" apple, red wine, hot pepper, Citrus sp. fruits, saffron and garlic, with particular focus on their impact on health outcomes in relation to MetS main key factors, such as insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), endothelial dysfunctions, inflammatory response, oxidative stress and dyslipidaemic and hypercholesterolemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Bagetta
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Annalisa Maruca
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Lupia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Mesiti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Raffaella Catalano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Isabella Romeo
- Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, via Pietro Bucci, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Federica Moraca
- Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesca Alessandra Ambrosio
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Giosuè Costa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Artese
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Ortuso
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Rocca
- Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University, Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
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Rusu ME, Fizeșan I, Pop A, Gheldiu AM, Mocan A, Crișan G, Vlase L, Loghin F, Popa DS, Tomuta I. Enhanced Recovery of Antioxidant Compounds from Hazelnut ( Corylus avellana L.) Involucre Based on Extraction Optimization: Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E460. [PMID: 31597384 PMCID: PMC6826866 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tree nut by-products could contain a wide range of phytochemicals, natural antioxidants, which might be used as a natural source for dietary supplements. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the phenolic and sterolic composition, as well as the antioxidant and other biological activities, of hazelnut involucre (HI) extracts. Experimental designs were developed in order to select the optimum extraction conditions (solvent, temperature, time) using turbo-extraction by Ultra-Turrax for obtaining extracts rich in bioactive compounds. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed by LC-MS and LC-MS/MS and they revealed important amounts of individual polyphenols and phytosterols, molecules with antioxidant potential. The richest polyphenolic HI extract with the highest antioxidant activity by TEAC assay was further evaluated by other in vitro antioxidant tests (DPPH, FRAP) and enzyme inhibitory assays. Additionally, the cytotoxic and antioxidant effects of this extract on two cancerous cell lines and on normal cells were tested. This is the first study to analyze the composition of both hydrophilic and lipophilic bioactive compounds in HI extracts. Our findings reveal that this plant by-product presents strong biological activities, justifying further research, and it could be considered an inexpensive source of natural antioxidants for food, pharmaceutical, or cosmetic industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Emil Rusu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ionel Fizeșan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Anca Pop
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ana-Maria Gheldiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Gianina Crișan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Laurian Vlase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Felicia Loghin
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Daniela-Saveta Popa
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ioan Tomuta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Rusu ME, Simedrea R, Gheldiu AM, Mocan A, Vlase L, Popa DS, Ferreira IC. Benefits of tree nut consumption on aging and age-related diseases: Mechanisms of actions. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Zeng Z, Yin X, Wang X, Yang W, Liu X, Hong Y. Synthesis of water soluble pentacyclic dihydroxyterpene carboxylic acid derivatives coupled amino acids and their inhibition activities on α-glucosidase. Bioorg Chem 2019; 86:277-287. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Onaolapo AY, Onaolapo OJ. Nutraceuticals and Diet-based Phytochemicals in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: From Whole Food to Components with Defined Roles and Mechanisms. Curr Diabetes Rev 2019; 16:12-25. [PMID: 30378500 DOI: 10.2174/1573399814666181031103930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past decades, the development and use of an array of prescription medications have considerably improved the clinical management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the quality of life of patients. However, as our knowledge of the associated risk factors and approaches to its management increases, the increasing roles of diet and the composition of the diet in the etiology and successful management of diabetes mellitus are being illuminated. Presently, a lot of attention is being given to nutraceuticals and certain phytochemicals that are integral parts of the human diet. It is believed that a clearer understanding of their roles may be crucial to 'non-invasive' or minimallyintrusive management, with regards to daily living of patients. In this review, an overview of nutraceutical components and phytochemicals that may be of benefit, or had been known to be beneficial in diabetes mellitus is given. Also, how the roles of such dietary components are evolving in the management of this disorder is highlighted. Lastly, the obstacles that need to be overcome before nutraceuticals can be considered as options for the clinical management of diabetes mellitus areconsidered. CONCLUSION Despite studies that demonstrate their efficacy, no nutraceutical or food-derived compound has been formally adopted as a direct replacement for any class of antidiabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adejoke Yetunde Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience/Neurobiology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olakunle James Onaolapo
- Department of Pharmacology, Behavioural Neuroscience/Neuropharmacology Unit, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
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Daliu P, Santini A, Novellino E. From pharmaceuticals to nutraceuticals: bridging disease prevention and management. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2018; 12:1-7. [PMID: 30484336 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2019.1552135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nutraceuticals, up today, do not have a specific definition distinct from those of other food-derived categories, e.g. food supplements, herbal products, pre and probiotics, functional foods, etc. They have, however, a pharmacological beneficial effect on health. Many studies have been recently addressed to assess their safety, efficacy, and regulation since they are getting growing attention by market and research, with the aim to clear the difference between them and other market available food-derived products that claim beneficial effect on health. Areas covered: The understanding of the potential mechanisms of action of pharmaceutically active substances contained in nutraceuticals that may improve health and reduce the risk of pathological conditions while enhancing overall well-being is the challenge for nutraceuticals to be considered as a preventive and therapeutic efficient tool in facing some diseases. Expert commentary: It is of utmost importance to have a proper and unequivocal definition of nutraceuticals and a shared regulation. Nevertheless, there is a lack of clear information and, often, the claimed health benefits may not be properly substantiated by safety and by efficacy in vivo data, which can induce false expectations and miss the target for a product to be effective, as claimed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Daliu
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Napoli Federico II , Napoli , Italy
| | - Antonello Santini
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Napoli Federico II , Napoli , Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Napoli Federico II , Napoli , Italy
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Ju J, Li J, Lin Q, Xu H. Efficacy and safety of berberine for dyslipidaemias: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 50:25-34. [PMID: 30466986 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, berberine has become widely used as an effective alternative to treat dyslipidaemias; much clinical evidence has emerged. It is important to systematically and critically evaluate the existing evidence. PURPOSE This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of berberine in patients with dyslipidaemias. STUDY DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. METHODS Five electronic databases were searched up to Apr 15, 2018 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of berberine in treatment of dyslipidaemias. The outcomes were lipid profile parameters and adverse events. Study selection, data collection, risk of bias assessment, data analyses and interpretations were conducted according to the Cochrane handbook. RESULTS Sixteen trials with total of 2147 participants were judged to be eligible and were included in the meta-analysis. The included trials were assessed to be of high clinical heterogeneity. The methodological quality of the majority of the trials was generally low in terms of random sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding and incomplete outcome data. Thus, selection bias, performance bias, detection bias, attrition bias and confounding bias might exist. Meta-analysis showed that berberine significantly reduced levels of total cholesterol (TC) (MD = -0.47 mmol/l 95% CI [-0.64, -0.31], p < 0.00001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (MD =-0.38 mmol/l 95% CI [-0.53, -0.22], p < 0.00001) and triglycerides (TG) (MD = -0.28 mmol/l 95% CI [-0.46, -0.10], p = 0.002). Berberine also increased the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) when used alone (MD = 0.08 mmol/l 95% CI [0.03, 0.12], p = 0.001). No significant differences were found between groups in terms of incidence of adverse events (RR = 0.64 95% CI [0.31, 1.30], p = 0.22). No severe adverse effects were reported in either group. CONCLUSION Berberine improves lipid profiles in dyslipidaemias with satisfactory safety. Nevertheless, these findings should be interpreted with caution because of the high clinical heterogeneity and high risk of bias in the included trials. Rigorous clinical trials should be carried out to provide more reliable evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqing Ju
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jingen Li
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Cardiovascular Diseases Center, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China..
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