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Fan L, Ma S, Li L, Huang J. Fermentation biotechnology applied to wheat bran for the degradation of cell wall fiber and its potential health benefits: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133529. [PMID: 38950806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Consumption of wheat bran is associated with health benefits. However, the insoluble cell layer fiber and considerable levels of anti-nutritional factors limit bioavailability of wheat bran, which can be effectively improved through fermentation. To comprehensively elucidate the precise biotransformation and health benefits mechanisms underlying wheat bran fermentation. This review investigates current fermentation biotechnology for wheat bran, nutritional effects of fermented wheat bran, mechanisms by which fermented wheat bran induces health benefits, and the application of fermented wheat bran in food systems. The potential strategies to improve fermented wheat bran and existing limitations on its application are also covered. Current findings support that microorganisms produce enzymes that degrade the cell wall fiber of wheat bran during the fermentation, releasing nutrients and producing new active substances while degrading anti-nutrient factors in order to effectively improve nutrient bioavailability, enhance antioxidant activity, and regulate gut microbes for health effects. Fermentation has been an effective way to degrade cell wall fiber, thereby improving nutrition and quality of whole grain or bran-rich food products. Currently, there is a lack of standardization in fermentation and human intervention studies. In conclusion, understanding effects of fermentation on wheat bran should guide the development and application of bran-rich products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Sen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Jihong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Functional Food by Green Manufacturing, Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan 461000, China.
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2
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Das S, Chandukishore T, Ulaganathan N, Dhodduraj K, Gorantla SS, Chandna T, Gupta LK, Sahoo A, Atheena PV, Raval R, Anjana PA, DasuVeeranki V, Prabhu AA. Sustainable biorefinery approach by utilizing xylose fraction of lignocellulosic biomass. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131290. [PMID: 38569993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) has been a lucrative feedstock for developing biochemical products due to its rich organic content, low carbon footprint and abundant accessibility. The recalcitrant nature of this feedstock is a foremost bottleneck. It needs suitable pretreatment techniques to achieve a high yield of sugar fractions such as glucose and xylose with low inhibitory components. Cellulosic sugars are commonly used for the bio-manufacturing process, and the xylose sugar, which is predominant in the hemicellulosic fraction, is rejected as most cell factories lack the five‑carbon metabolic pathways. In the present review, more emphasis was placed on the efficient pretreatment techniques developed for disintegrating LCB and enhancing xylose sugars. Further, the transformation of the xylose to value-added products through chemo-catalytic routes was highlighted. In addition, the review also recapitulates the sustainable production of biochemicals by native xylose assimilating microbes and engineering the metabolic pathway to ameliorate biomanufacturing using xylose as the sole carbon source. Overall, this review will give an edge on the bioprocessing of microbial metabolism for the efficient utilization of xylose in the LCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satwika Das
- Bioprocess Development Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal 506004, Telangana, India
| | - T Chandukishore
- Bioprocess Development Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal 506004, Telangana, India
| | - Nivedhitha Ulaganathan
- Bioprocess Development Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal 506004, Telangana, India
| | - Kawinharsun Dhodduraj
- Bioprocess Development Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal 506004, Telangana, India
| | - Sai Susmita Gorantla
- Bioprocess Development Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal 506004, Telangana, India
| | - Teena Chandna
- Bioprocess Development Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal 506004, Telangana, India
| | - Laxmi Kumari Gupta
- Bioprocess Development Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal 506004, Telangana, India
| | - Ansuman Sahoo
- Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - P V Atheena
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Ritu Raval
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - P A Anjana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal 506004, Telangana, India
| | - Venkata DasuVeeranki
- Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Ashish A Prabhu
- Bioprocess Development Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal 506004, Telangana, India.
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Lu S, Cheng D, Yao H, Wen Y, Yu Y, Li H, Wang J, Sun B. Cascade Microbial Metabolism of Ferulic Acid In Vitro Fermented by the Human Fecal Inoculum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:9807-9817. [PMID: 38602350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Ferulic acid (FA), predominantly existing in most cereals, can modulate the gut microbiome, but the influences of its metabolites on the microbial population and FA-transforming microorganisms are still unclear. In this study, FA and its potential phenolic metabolites were fermented in vitro for 24 h with the human fecal inoculum. A comparable short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production trend was observed in the presence and absence of substrates, suggesting limited contribution of FA mechanism to SCFA formation. Dihydroferulic acid, 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, and 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid were ascertained to be successive metabolites of FA, by tracking the intermediate variation. FA remarkably promoted the absolute abundances of total bacteria, while different metabolites affected bacterial growth of selective genera. Specific genera were identified as quantitatively correlating to the content of FA and its metabolites. Ultimately, FA-mediated gut microbiota modulation involves both the action of metabolizing microbes and the regulation effects of metabolites on bacterial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Ministry of Education), Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Danyang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Ministry of Education), Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hong Yao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yangyang Wen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yonghui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Ministry of Education), Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Ministry of Education), Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Ministry of Education), Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Ministry of Education), Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
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Chen Z, Mense AL, Brewer LR, Shi YC. Wheat bran arabinoxylans: Chemical structure, extraction, properties, health benefits, and uses in foods. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13366. [PMID: 38775125 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Wheat bran (WB) is a well-known and valuable source of dietary fiber. Arabinoxylan (AX) is the primary hemicellulose in WB and can be isolated and used as a functional component in various food products. Typically, AX is extracted from the whole WB using different processes after mechanical treatments. However, WB is composed of different layers, namely, the aleurone layer, pericarp, testa, and hyaline layer. The distribution, structure, and extractability of AX vary within these layers. Modern fractionation technologies, such as debranning and electrostatic separation, can separate the different layers of WB, making it possible to extract AX from each layer separately. Therefore, AX in WB shows potential for broader applications if it can be extracted from the different layers separately. In this review, the distribution and chemical structures of AX in WB layers are first discussed followed by extraction, physicochemical properties, and health benefits of isolated AX from WB. Additionally, the utilization of AX isolated from WB in foods, including cereal foods, packaging film, and the delivery of food ingredients, is reviewed. Future perspectives on challenges and opportunities in the research field of AX isolated from WB are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Andrew L Mense
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
- Wheat Marketing Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Lauren R Brewer
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Yong-Cheng Shi
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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5
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Zhang Z, Wang L, Zheng B, Zhang Y, Pan L. In vitro digestive properties of Dictyophora indusiata polysaccharide by steam explosion pretreatment methods. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:131116. [PMID: 38522704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Dictyophora indusiata is medicinal and edible fungi containing various nutrients. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficient extraction and structural evolution of Dictyophora indusiata polysaccharide during the vitro digestion based on steam explosion pretreatment methods. In this study, the extraction rate of Dictyophora indusiata polysaccharide was optimized by steam explosion pretreatment methods, which was 2.46 folds that of the water extraction method. In addition, the digestion and fermentation properties of Dictyophora indusiata polysaccharide before and after steam explosion were evaluated in vitro by the changes of molecular weights, total and reducing sugars levels, surface morphology and functional groups, which showed that the structure of Dictyophora indusiata polysaccharide remained stable after salivary-gastric digestion, and partially entered the large intestine, where it could be utilized by gut microbiota. Dictyophora indusiata polysaccharide promoted the increase of beneficial bacteria Megamonas and increased the content of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid, which was 2.17, 2.81, 2.43 folds that of the CON group after fermentation for 24 h, and 1.87, 2.77, 1.90 folds that of the CON group after fermentation for 48 h, respectively. This study will provide theoretical basis for the high value utilization of Dictyophora indusiata polysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Zhang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Baodong Zheng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Integrated Scientific Research Base of Edible Fungi Processing and Comprehensive Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Integrated Scientific Research Base of Edible Fungi Processing and Comprehensive Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Lei Pan
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Integrated Scientific Research Base of Edible Fungi Processing and Comprehensive Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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Li H, Liang J, Han M, Gao Z. Polyphenols synergistic drugs to ameliorate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via signal pathway and gut microbiota: A review. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00091-2. [PMID: 38471648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease with an increasing incidence worldwide. Single drug therapy may have toxic side effects and disrupt gut microbiota balance. Polyphenols are widely used in disease intervention due to their distinctive nutritional properties and medicinal value, which a potential gut microbiota modulator. However, there is a lack of comprehensive review to explore the efficacy and mechanism of combined therapy with drugs and polyphenols for NAFLD. AIM OF REVIEW Based on this, this review firstly discusses the link between NAFLD and gut microbiota, and outlines the effects of polyphenols and drugs on gut microbiota. Secondly, it examined recent advances in the treatment and intervention of NAFLD with drugs and polyphenols and the therapeutic effect of the combination of the two. Finally, we highlight the underlying mechanisms of polyphenol combined drug therapy in NAFLD. This is mainly in terms of signaling pathways (NF-κB, AMPK, Nrf2, JAK/STAT, PPAR, SREBP-1c, PI3K/Akt and TLR) and gut microbiota. Furthermore, some emerging mechanisms such as microRNA potential biomarker therapies may provide therapeutic avenues for NAFLD. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Drawing inspiration from combination drug strategies, the use of active substances in combination with drugs for NAFLD intervention holds transformative and prospective potential, both improve NAFLD and restore gut microbiota balance while reducing the required drug dosage. This review systematically discusses the bidirectional interactions between gut microbiota and NAFLD, and summarizes the potential mechanisms of polyphenol synergistic drugs in the treatment of NAFLD by modulating signaling pathways and gut microbiota. Future researches should develop multi-omics technology to identify patients who benefit from polyphenols combination drugs and devising individualized treatment plans to enhance its therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcai Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengzhen Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenpeng Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Kunnummal SP, Khan M. Diet-gut microbiome interaction and ferulic acid bioavailability: implications on neurodegenerative disorders. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:51-66. [PMID: 37747555 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Ferulic acid (FA), which occurs naturally as the feruloylated sugar ester in grains, fruits, and vegetables, is critical for combating oxidative stress and alleviating neurodegenerative diseases resulting from free radical-generated protein aggregates in brain cells. However, FA cannot be absorbed in conjugated form. Therefore, strategies to improve the bioavailability of FA are gaining more importance. Ferulic acid esterases (FAE) of the gut microbiota are critical enzymes that facilitate FA release from feruloylated sugar ester conjugates and influence systemic health. This review provides insight into a nutrition-based approach to preventing neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's by altering the diversity of FAE-producing gut microbiota. RECENT FINDINGS The human gut is a niche for a highly dense microbial population. Nutrient components and the quality of food shape the gut microbiota. Microbiota-diet-host interaction primarily involves an array of enzymes that hydrolyse complex polysaccharides and release covalently attached moieties, thereby increasing their bio-accessibility. Moreover, genes encoding polysaccharide degrading enzymes are substrate inducible, giving selective microorganisms a competitive advantage in scavenging nutrients. Nutraceutical therapy using specific food components holds promise as a prophylactic agent and as an adjunctive treatment strategy in neurotherapeutics, as it results in upregulation of polysaccharide utilisation loci containing fae genes in the gut microbiota, thereby increasing the release of FA and other antioxidant molecules and combat neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saarika Pothuvan Kunnummal
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, 570020, India
- CSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Mahejibin Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, 570020, India.
- CSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Rudjito RC, Jiménez-Quero A, Muñoz MDCC, Kuil T, Olsson L, Stringer MA, Krogh KBRM, Eklöf J, Vilaplana F. Arabinoxylan source and xylanase specificity influence the production of oligosaccharides with prebiotic potential. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 320:121233. [PMID: 37659797 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Cereal arabinoxylans (AXs) are complex polysaccharides in terms of their pattern of arabinose and ferulic acid substitutions, which influence their properties in structural and nutritional applications. We have evaluated the influence of the molecular structure of three AXs from wheat and rye with distinct substitutions on the activity of β-xylanases from different glycosyl hydrolase families (GH 5_34, 8, 10 and 11). The arabinose and ferulic acid substitutions influence the accessibility of the xylanases, resulting in specific profiles of arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides (AXOS). The GH10 xylanase from Aspergillus aculeatus (AcXyn10A) and GH11 from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TlXyn11) showed the highest activity, producing larger amounts of small oligosaccharides in shorter time. The GH8 xylanase from Bacillus sp. (BXyn8) produced linear xylooligosaccharides and was most restricted by arabinose substitution, whereas GH5_34 from Gonapodya prolifera (GpXyn5_34) required arabinose substitution and produced longer (A)XOS substituted on the reducing end. The complementary substrate specificity of BXyn8 and GpXyn5_34 revealed how arabinoses were distributed along the xylan backbones. This study demonstrates that AX source and xylanase specificity influence the production of oligosaccharides with specific structures, which in turn impacts the growth of specific bacteria (Bacteroides ovatus and Bifidobacterium adolescentis) and the production of beneficial metabolites (short-chain fatty acids).
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Affiliation(s)
- Reskandi C Rudjito
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Amparo Jiménez-Quero
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Maria Del Carmen Casado Muñoz
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Teun Kuil
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Lisbeth Olsson
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemigården 4, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | | | | | - Jens Eklöf
- Novozymes A/S, Krogshøjvej 36, 2880 Bagsværd, Denmark.
| | - Francisco Vilaplana
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Wallenberg Wood Science Centre, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Yang X, Zeng D, Li C, Yu W, Xie G, Zhang Y, Lu W. Therapeutic potential and mechanism of functional oligosaccharides in inflammatory bowel disease: a review. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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10
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Fredsgaard M, Kaniki SEK, Antonopoulou I, Chaturvedi T, Thomsen MH. Phenolic Compounds in Salicornia spp. and Their Potential Therapeutic Effects on H1N1, HBV, HCV, and HIV: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:5312. [PMID: 37513186 PMCID: PMC10384198 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite public health risk mitigation measures and regulation efforts by many countries, regions, and sectors, viral outbreaks remind the world of our vulnerability to biological hazards and the importance of mitigation actions. The saltwater-tolerant plants in the Salicornia genus belonging to the Amaranthaceae family are widely recognized and researched as producers of clinically applicable phytochemicals. The plants in the Salicornia genus contain flavonoids, flavonoid glycosides, and hydroxycinnamic acids, including caffeic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, apigenin, kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin, myricetin, isoquercitrin, and myricitrin, which have all been shown to support the antiviral, virucidal, and symptom-suppressing activities. Their potential pharmacological usefulness as therapeutic medicine against viral infections has been suggested in many studies, where recent studies suggest these phenolic compounds may have pharmacological potential as therapeutic medicine against viral infections. This study reviews the antiviral effects, the mechanisms of action, and the potential as antiviral agents of the aforementioned phenolic compounds found in Salicornia spp. against an influenza A strain (H1N1), hepatitis B and C (HBV/HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), as no other literature has described these effects from the Salicornia genus at the time of publication. This review has the potential to have a significant societal impact by proposing the development of new antiviral nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals derived from phenolic-rich formulations found in the edible Salicornia spp. These formulations could be utilized as a novel strategy by which to combat viral pandemics caused by H1N1, HBV, HCV, and HIV-1. The findings of this review indicate that isoquercitrin, myricetin, and myricitrin from Salicornia spp. have the potential to exhibit high efficiency in inhibiting viral infections. Myricetin exhibits inhibition of H1N1 plaque formation and reverse transcriptase, as well as integrase integration and cleavage. Isoquercitrin shows excellent neuraminidase inhibition. Myricitrin inhibits HIV-1 in infected cells. Extracts of biomass in the Salicornia genus could contribute to the development of more effective and efficient measures against viral infections and, ultimately, improve public health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Io Antonopoulou
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden
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Cao Z, Liu Z, Zhang N, Bao C, Li X, Liu M, Yuan W, Wu H, Shang H. Effects of dietary dandelion (Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.) polysaccharides on the performance and gut microbiota of laying hens. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 240:124422. [PMID: 37068539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
This experiment was designed to evaluate the influences of dietary dandelion polysaccharides (DP) on the performance and cecum microbiota of laying hens. Three hundred laying hens were assigned to five treatment groups: the basal diet group (CK group), three DP groups (basal diets supplemented with 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 % DP), and the inulin group (IN group, basal diet supplemented with 1.5 % inulin). Increased daily egg weight and a decreased feed conversion rate were observed when the diets were supplemented with inulin or DP. The calcium metabolism rate in the 0.5 % and 1.0 % DP groups was greater than that in the CK group. The DP groups increased the short-chain fatty acid concentration, decreased pH, and enhanced the relative abundances of Parabacteroides, Alloprevotella, and Romboutsia in the cecum. These results showed that DP supplementation in the diets of laying hens can improve their performance, which might be associated with the regulation of the cecal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihang Cao
- College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- The Third Affiliated Clinical Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Nanyi Zhang
- College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Chenguang Bao
- College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Mengxue Liu
- College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hongxin Wu
- Institute of Grassland Research, CAAS, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Hongmei Shang
- College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
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Li M, Zhang Z, Yu B, Jia S, Cui B. Lycium barbarum Oligosaccharides Alleviate Hepatic Steatosis by Modulating Gut Microbiota in C57BL/6J Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081617. [PMID: 37107413 PMCID: PMC10138177 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
High-fat diets (HFD) can promote the development of hepatic steatosis by altering the structure and composition of gut flora. In this study, the potential therapeutic mechanism of Lycium barbarum oligosaccharide (LBO) against hepatic steatosis was investigated by analyzing the changes in the intestinal flora and metabolites in mice. Mice on an HFD were administered LBO by gavage once daily for a continuous period of eight weeks. Compared with the HFD group, the levels of triglyceride (TG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the serum, and hepatic TG were significantly reduced in the LBO group, and liver lipid accumulation was obviously improved. In addition, LBO could regulate the HFD-induced alteration of intestinal flora. The HFD increased the proportion of Barnesiellaceae, Barnesiella, and CHKCI001. LBO increased the proportion of Dubosiella, Eubacterium, and Lactobacillus. LBO also altered the fecal metabolic profile. Significantly different metabolites between LBO and the HFD, such as taurochenodeoxycholate, taurocholate, fluvastatin, and kynurenic acid, were related to the cholesterol metabolism, bile acid metabolism, and tryptophan metabolic pathways. In light of the above, LBO can alleviate HFD-induced NAFLD by modulating the components of the intestinal flora and fecal metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Siqiang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Bo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan 250353, China
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Lin S, Hunt CJ, Holck J, Brask J, Krogh KBRM, Meyer AS, Wilkens C, Agger JW. Fungal feruloyl esterases can catalyze release of diferulic acids from complex arabinoxylan. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123365. [PMID: 36690236 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Feruloyl esterases (FAEs, EC 3.1.1.73) catalyze the hydrolytic cleavage of ester bonds between feruloyl and arabinosyl moieties in arabinoxylans. Recently, we discovered that two bacterial FAEs could catalyze release of diferulic acids (diFAs) from highly substituted, cross-linked corn bran arabinoxylan. Here, we show that several fungal FAEs, notably AnFae1 (Aspergillus niger), AoFae1 (A. oryzae), and MgFae1 (Magnaporthe oryzae (also known as M. grisae)) also catalyze liberation of diFAs from complex arabinoxylan. By comparing the enzyme kinetics of diFA release to feruloyl esterase activity of the enzymes on methyl- and arabinosyl-ferulate substrates we demonstrate that the diFA release activity cannot be predicted from the activity of the enzymes on these synthetic substrates. A detailed structure-function analysis, based on AlphaFold2 modeled enzyme structures and docking with the relevant di-feruloyl ligands, reveal how distinct differences in the active site topology and surroundings may explain the diFA releasing action of the enzymes. Interestingly, the analysis also unveils that the carbohydrate binding module of the MgFae1 may play a key role in the diFA releasing ability of this enzyme. The findings contribute further understanding of the function of FAEs in the deconstruction of complex arabinoxylans and provide new opportunities for enzyme assisted upgrading of complex bran arabinoxylans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Lin
- Section for Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Cameron J Hunt
- Section for Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jesper Holck
- Section for Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jesper Brask
- Novozymes A/S, Biologiens Vej 2, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Anne S Meyer
- Section for Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Casper Wilkens
- Section for Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jane W Agger
- Section for Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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14
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Lin S, Xu X, Holck J, Wittrup Agger J, Wilkens C, Xie Z, Khakimov B, Nielsen DS, Meyer AS. Soluble, Diferuloylated Corn Bran Glucuronoarabinoxylans Modulate the Human Gut Microbiota In Vitro. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3885-3897. [PMID: 36787634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Corn bran is exceptionally rich in substituted glucuronoarabinoxylan polysaccharides, which are monoferuloylated and cross-linked by diferulic acid moieties. Here, we assessed the potential prebiotic activity of three enzymatically solubilized corn bran glucuronoarabinoxylans: medium feruloylated (FGAX-M), laccase cross-linked FGAX-M (FGAX-H), and alkali-treated FGAX-M devoid of feruloyl substitutions (FGAX-B). We examined the influence of these soluble FGAX samples on the gut microbiome composition and functionality during in vitro simulated colon fermentations, determined by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and assessment of short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs) production. All FGAX samples induced changes in the relative composition of the microbiota and the SCFA levels after 24 h of in vitro fermentation. The changes induced by FGAX-M and FGAX-H tended to be more profound and more similar to the changes induced by inulin than changes conferred by FGAX-B. The microbiota changes induced by FGAX-M and FGAX-H correlated with an increase in the relative abundance of Anaerostipes and with increased butyric acid production, while the changes induced by the FGAX-B sample were less compelling. The results imply that solubilized, substituted diferuloylated corn bran glucuronoarabinoxylans may be potential prebiotic candidates and that both single feruloylations and diferuloyl cross-links influence the prebiotic potential of these arabinoxylan compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Xinming Xu
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jesper Holck
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jane Wittrup Agger
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Casper Wilkens
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Zhuqing Xie
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Bekzod Khakimov
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Dennis S Nielsen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Anne S Meyer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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15
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Hu M, Li M, Li C, Miao M, Zhang T. Effects of Human Milk Oligosaccharides in Infant Health Based on Gut Microbiota Alteration. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:994-1001. [PMID: 36602115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The primary active components of breast milk are human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). HMOs provide many benefits to infants, including regulating their metabolism, immune system, and brain development. Recent studies have emphasized that HMOs act as prebiotics by the metabolism of intestinal microorganisms to produce short-chain fatty acids, which are crucial for infant development. In addition, HMOs with different structural characteristics can form different microbial compositions. HMOs-induced predominant microbes, including Bifidobacterium infantis, B. bifidum, B. breve, and B. longum, and their metabolites demonstrated pertinent health-promoting properties. Meanwhile, HMOs could also directly reduce the occurrence of diseases through the effects of preventing pathogen infection. In this review, we address the probable function of HMOs inside the HMOs-gut microbiota-infant network, by describing the physiological functions of HMOs and the implications of diet on the HMOs-gut microbiota-infant network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Mengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Chenchen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ming Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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16
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Li Z, Zhang H, He L, Hou Y, Che Y, Liu T, Xiong S, Zhang X, Luo S, Liu C, Chen T. Influence of structural features and feruloylation on fermentability and ability to modulate gut microbiota of arabinoxylan in in vitro fermentation. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1113601. [PMID: 36713199 PMCID: PMC9874102 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1113601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Arabinoxylan (AX) is a versatile polysaccharide that shows various effects in modulating gut microbiota and health. The influence of arabinoxylan carbohydrate structural feature and feruloylation on fermentability and the effect of modulation of gut microbiota of AX was not clear. Methods Arabinoxylans from rice bran and corn bran (RAX and CAX), and their deferulyolated counterpart dRAX and dCAX were fermented using an in vitro fermentation model. Structural information was determined based on monosaccharide composition. Gas production of fermentation products, SCFAs production, pH change, and microbiota change were measured. Results RAX and dRAX posessed lower A/X ratio compared with CAX and dCAX. The gas and total SCFAs production were lower in RAX and dRAX, and the butyrate production were higher in RAX and dRAX compared with CAX and dCAX. Butyrate production was lower at dRAX compared to RAX. On the other hand, butyrate production was higher in dCAX than in CAX. The microbiota shift were different for the four fibers. Discussion The AXs from rice have a higher A/X ratio than the AXs from maize, suggesting more branching and a more complex side chain. The structural difference was crucial for the difference in fermentation pattern. Different Bacteroides species are responsible for the utilization of rice AXs and corn AXs. Although feruloylation had a minor effect on the overall fermentation pattern, it significantly affected butyrate production and alpha diversity. dRAX promoted less butyrate than RAX, which is associated with a significantly lower amount of Faecalibacterium prausnitzi. dCAX promoted more butyrate than CAX, which may be associated with a lower amount of Bacteroides ovatus and a higher amount of Blautia in dCAX compared to CAX. The effects of feruloylation on the fermentation pattern and the resulted microbiota shift of AX varied depending on the carbohydrate structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Li He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yaqin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yingjuan Che
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shaobai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xuguang Zhang
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shunjing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chengmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Chengmei Liu,
| | - Tingting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,*Correspondence: Tingting Chen,
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17
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Wang W, Wang Y, Duan Y, Meng Z, An X, Qi J. Regulation of wheat bran feruloyl oligosaccharides in the intestinal antioxidative capacity of rats associated with the p38/JNK-Nrf2 signaling pathway and gut microbiota. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:6992-7002. [PMID: 35689477 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feruloyl oligosaccharides (FOs), the ferulic acid ester of oligosaccharides, may possess the physiological functions of both ferulic acid and oligosaccharides, including antioxidative activity and gut microbiota modulation capacity. The present study aimed to investigate whether FOs could regulate the intestinal antioxidative capacity of rats by modulating the MAPKs/Nrf2 signaling pathway and gut microbiota. Thirty Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups. Rats received a standard diet and were gavaged once daily with 0.85% normal saline, 100 mg kg-1 body weight vitamin C or FOs solution at doses of 20, 40 and 80 mg kg-1 body weight for 21 days. RESULTS FOs strengthened the antioxidative capacity of the jejunum, as indicated by increased in contents of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, as well as glutathione. Moreover, FOs administration upregulated the mRNA expression level of antioxidant-related genes (glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit, glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit and heme oxygenase-1) in the jejunum. Increases in phosphorylation levels of Nrf2, p38 and JNK were also observed. Administration with 40 mg kg-1 FOs altered the structure and composition of the cecal microbiota, which was indicated by the increased the relative abundances of Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Acidobacteriota, and the decreased the relative abundances of Firmicutes, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Blautia. Furthermore, Spearman correlation analysis revealed that the altered cecal microbiota closely correlated with jejunal antioxidative capacity of rats. CONCLUSION FOs could be used as an antioxidant for gut heath improvement through modulating the p38/JNK-Nrf2 signaling pathway and gut microbiota. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuanxiao Duan
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hohhot, China
| | - Ziqi Meng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed in Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaoping An
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hohhot, China
| | - Jingwei Qi
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hohhot, China
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18
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Gong L, Feng D, Liu J, Yu Y, Wang J. Ionic liquid depolymerize the lignocellulose for the enzymatic extraction of feruloylated oligosaccharide from corn bran. Food Chem X 2022; 15:100381. [PMID: 36211776 PMCID: PMC9532712 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
ILs pretreatment enriched the extraction yield of conjugated phenols in corn bran. [Amim]Ac is an excellent solvent for the depolymerization of corn bran lignocellulose. [Amim]Ac pretreatment maintains the structure of feruloylated oligosaccharide. The effect of phase volume ratio, settling time, temperatures and concentration were determined.
In this study, a new method was developed for feruloylated oligosaccharides (FOs) enzymatic hydrolysis extraction from corn bran, using ionic liquids (ILs) as the solvent for the depolymerization of dietary fiber. The 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [Amim]Ac was the most effective IL among the eight evaluated ILs, which leads to a 1.5 times-higher total FOs content as compared with conventional non-pretreatment extraction. The optimum condition acquired by response surface methodology was 194.31 min, 143.08 °C, solid–liquid ratio of 1:20, and the concentration of 18.65%. The depolymerized biomass was characterized using SEM, FTIR and CLSM. The results confirmed that [Amim]Ac mainly enters the cavity among the lignocellulose and breaks linkages to release FOs by exposure binding sites of hemicellulose to hydrolysis enzymes. In particular, the linkages between ferulic acid and hemicellulose were not affected by ILs pretreatment. This study provides an efficient method for the preparation of conjugated phenols from lignocellulose.
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Ríos-Ríos KL, Rémond C, Dejonghe W, Van Roy S, Vangeel S, Van Hecke W. Production of tailored xylo-oligosaccharides from beechwood xylan by different enzyme membrane reactors and evaluation of their prebiotic activity. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wu DT, Yuan Q, Feng KL, Zhang J, Gan RY, Zou L, Wang S. Fecal fermentation characteristics of Rheum tanguticum polysaccharide and its effect on the modulation of gut microbial composition. Chin Med 2022; 17:79. [PMID: 35733140 PMCID: PMC9219220 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00631-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rheum tanguticum is utilized as one of the well known traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. Recently, R. tanguticum polysaccharides (RP) have received increasing attention due to their diversely pharmacological activities. Usually, the pharmacological activities of polysaccharides are closely correlated to their metabolic properties from the stomach to the intestine. However, the digestive behavior and fecal fermentation characteristics of RP are unknown, which need to be fully investigated. Methods In this study, an in vitro simulated gastrointestinal model was carried out for the investigation of the digestive behavior and fecal fermentation characteristics of RP. The possible changes in physicochemical properties of RP, such as molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, reducing sugar released, chemical composition, pH value, and short chain fatty acids, were determined during in vitro simulated digestion and human fecal fermentation, and its effect on the modulation of gut microbial composition was also evaluated. Results The results revealed that RP was indigestible under the in vitro simulated digestion conditions according to its stabilities in physicochemical properties. Conversely, the indigestible RP (RPI) could be notably utilized by colonic microbiota in human feces after the in vitro fermentation, especially, at the initial fermentation stage (0–6 h). The fecal fermentation characteristics of RPI were revealed. Results showed that the content of reducing sugars obviously increased from 0.177 to 0.778 mg/mL at the initial stage of fermentation, and its molecular weight notably declined from 2.588 × 105 to 0.828 × 105 Da at the end stage of fermentation. Notably, the utilization of arabinose and galactose in RPI by colonic bacteria was faster than that of galacturonic acid. Besides, RPI could obviously modulate gut microbial composition via promoting the relative abundances of several beneficial bacteria, such as genera Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, and Megamonas, resulting in the promoted production of several short-chain fatty acids, such as acetic, propionic, and butyric acids. Conclusions Results from this study showed that RP was indigestible in the human upper gastrointestinal tract in vitro, but could be easily utilized by colonic microbiota in human feces at the initial stage of fermentation. RP could be used as potential prebiotics for the improvement of intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
| | - Qin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Kang-Lin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.,Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610213, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
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21
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Chen L, Gao Y, Zhao Y, Yang G, Wang C, Zhao Z, Li S. Chondroitin sulfate stimulates the secretion of H 2S by Desulfovibrio to improve insulin sensitivity in NAFLD mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 213:631-638. [PMID: 35667460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a bioactive gas regulating insulin secretion and sensitivity, produced by sulfate-reducing bacteria in the gut. The present study investigated the effect of chondroitin sulfate (CS) treatment, which indirectly increased the H2S production on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A 7-week CS supplementation had beneficial effects on body weight gain, liver function, hepatic histology, and serum lipid levels. CS could ameliorate diet-induced insulin resistance and improve insulin sensitivity via the AKT pathway, and modulate gut microbiota composition, especially increased the abundance of Desulfovibrio and elevated levels of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Collectively, these findings suggested that CS treatment was positively correlated with Desulfovibrio in the gut, and the metabolic H2S flowed into the liver via the gut-liver axis, thereby triggering the AKT signaling pathway and improving insulin resistance. Thus, CS-induced alterations in the gut microbiota seem a promising for ameliorating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Yansong Gao
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National R&D Center for Milk Processing, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Yujuan Zhao
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National R&D Center for Milk Processing, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Ge Yang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National R&D Center for Milk Processing, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National R&D Center for Milk Processing, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Zijian Zhao
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National R&D Center for Milk Processing, Changchun 130033, PR China.
| | - Shengyu Li
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National R&D Center for Milk Processing, Changchun 130033, PR China.
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22
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Zhu Y, Liu S, Mei F, Zhao M, Xia G, Shen X. Tilapia nilotica Head Lipids Improved Bone Loss by Regulating Inflammation and Serum Metabolism Through Gut Microbiota in Ovariectomized Rats. Front Nutr 2022; 8:792793. [PMID: 35096937 PMCID: PMC8789877 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.792793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a global health problem, and it is of great significance to replace the drugs with natural functional factors. In this study, we investigated the antiosteoporotic activity of lipids prepared from Tilapia nilotica fish head lipids (THLs) in the ovariectomized osteoporosis rats. THLs are composed of neutral lipids (NL, 77.84%), phospholipids (PL, 11.86%), and glycolipids (GL, 6.47%). There were apparent differences in the fatty acid composition of disparate components, and PL contains the most abundant Ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The results proved that THLs could improve bone microstructure, increase bone mineral density, and decrease bone resorption. To illustrate the antiosteoporotic mechanism, we analyzed the changes in gut microbial communities, proinflammation factors, serum metabolites, and metabolic pathways. Further study on gut microbiota showed that THLs significantly decreased the content of Alistipes in the gut and dramatically increased the beneficial bacteria such as Oscillospira, Roseburia, and Dubosiella. Meanwhile, proinflammation factors of serum in OVX rats decreased significantly, and metabolites were changed. Therefore, we speculated that THLs improved bone loss through reducing inflammation and changing the metabolites and metabolic pathways such as arachidonic acid metabolism and primary bile acid metabolism, etc., by altering gut microbiota. The results indicated that THLs could be a functional factor with antiosteoporotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Seafood Processing of Haikou, Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Shucheng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Fengfeng Mei
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Seafood Processing of Haikou, Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Meihui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Seafood Processing of Haikou, Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Guanghua Xia
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Seafood Processing of Haikou, Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Xuanri Shen
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Seafood Processing of Haikou, Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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Gong L, Hu L, Wang H, Chen R, Wang J. Protective effect of feruloylated oligosaccharides on dextran sulfate sodium‐induced ulcerative colitis in rats. FOOD FRONTIERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Gong
- China‐Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) Beijing China
| | - Linlin Hu
- China‐Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) Beijing China
| | - Hongna Wang
- China‐Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) Beijing China
| | - Rui Chen
- China‐Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) Beijing China
| | - Jing Wang
- China‐Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) Beijing China
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24
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Wu DT, Feng KL, Li F, Hu YC, Wang SP, Gan RY, Zou L. In vitro digestive characteristics and microbial degradation of polysaccharides from lotus leaves and related effects on the modulation of intestinal microbiota. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:752-762. [PMID: 35520274 PMCID: PMC9061614 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides exist as one of the most abundant components in lotus leaves, which attract increasing attention owing to their promising health-promoting benefits. In this study, the digestive and microbial degradation characteristics of lotus leaf polysaccharides (LLP) were studied by using an in vitro gastrointestinal model. The results suggested that LLP was stable in the human upper gastrointestinal tract in vitro according to its digestive stabilities at different simulated digestion stages. Conversely, the indigestible LLP (LLPI) could be remarkably utilized by intestinal microbiota in human feces during in vitro fermentation, and its fermentability was 58.11% after the in vitro fermentation of 48 h. Indeed, the microbial degradation characteristics of LLPI during in vitro fermentation by human fecal inoculum were revealed. The results showed that the content of reducing sugars released from LLPI obviously increased from 0.498 to 2.176 mg/mL at the initial fermentation stage (0–6 h), and its molecular weight sharply decreased from 4.08 × 104 to 2.02 × 104 Da. Notably, the molar ratios of arabinose (Ara), galactose (Gal), and galacturonic acid (GalA) in LLPI decreased from 2.89 to 1.40, from 5.46 to 3.72, and from 21.24 to 18.71, respectively, suggesting that the utilization of arabinose and galactose in LLPI by intestinal microbiota was much faster than that of galacturonic acid at the initial fermentation stage. Additionally, LLPI could remarkably regulate gut microbial composition by increasing the abundances of several beneficial microbes, including Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Megamonas, and Collinsella, resulting in the promoted generation of several short-chain fatty acids, especially acetic, propionic, and butyric acids. The findings from the present study are beneficial to better understanding the digestive and microbial degradation characteristics of LLP, which indicate that LLP can be used as a potential prebiotic for the improvement of intestinal health. LLP was stable in the human upper gastrointestinal tract in vitro. The indigestible LLP could be remarkably utilized by intestinal microbiota. Arabinose and galactose were quickly utilized at the initial fermentation stage. Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Megamonas, and Collinsella obviously increased. SCFAs, especially acetic, propionic, and butyric acids, remarkably promoted.
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25
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He HJ, Qiao J, Liu Y, Guo Q, Ou X, Wang X. Isolation, Structural, Functional, and Bioactive Properties of Cereal Arabinoxylan─A Critical Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:15437-15457. [PMID: 34842436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Arabinoxylans (AXs) are widely distributed in various cereal grains, such as wheat, corn, rye, barley, rice, and oat. The AX molecule contains a linear (1,4)-β-D-xylp backbone substituted by α-L-araf units and occasionally t-xylp and t-glcpA through α-(1,2) and/or α-(1,3) glycosidic linkages. Arabinoxylan shows diversified functional and bioactive properties, influenced by their molecular mass, branching degree, ferulic acid (FA) content, and the substitution position and chain length of the side chains. This Review summarizes the extraction methods for various cereal sources, compares their structural features and functional/bioactive properties, and highlights the established structure-function/bioactivity relationships, intending to explore the potential functions of AXs and their industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ju He
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Jinli Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qingbin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xingqi Ou
- School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Xiaochan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
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Bioactive feruloylated xylooligosaccharides derived from Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) bran with antiglycation and antioxidant properties. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01139-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Xu Y, Li T, Yang W, Sun M, An R, Du W. The ratio of xylooligosaccharide to ferulic acid affects faecal ferulic acid content, short chain fatty acid output, and gut stress. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2021. [DOI: 10.1556/066.2021.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
There have been contradicting observations regarding the prebiotic efficacy of feruloylated oligosaccharides (FOs) extracted from different varieties of cereals with varying oligosaccharides and ferulic acid (FA) levels. The present study was performed to determine whether the mass ratio of xylooligosaccharide (XOS) to FA influences their combined effects on faecal FA content, short chain fatty acid (SCFA) output, and gut stress of d-galactose-treated aging rats. The results show that there was no significant difference in the faecal FA levels of rats fed with 5:1 and 10:1 XOS:FA diet, although the FA level in the 5:1-supplemented diet was twice as much as in the 10:1 diet. More utilisation of FA decreased butyric acid and SCFA output in the faeces for diet 5:1 compared with diets 10:1 XOS:FA or XOS alone. Furthermore, compared with 10:1 XOS:FA or XOS alone treatments, the 5:1 XOS:FA diet resulted in increased 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl activity and higher ratios of Bifidobacterium or Lactobacillus to Escherichia coli (P < 0.05), while not increasing the number of probiotic Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. These findings suggest that under the specific stress level set for this study, the sufficient amount of FA added to XOS (5:1) can stimulate FA utilisation to modify gut redox balance, while reducing faecal SCFA output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y.H. Xu
- 1 School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - T. Li
- 2 Department of Food Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forestry Food Processing and Safety, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - W.L. Yang
- 2 Department of Food Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forestry Food Processing and Safety, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - M.Y. Sun
- 2 Department of Food Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forestry Food Processing and Safety, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - R.Z. An
- 2 Department of Food Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forestry Food Processing and Safety, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - W.M. Du
- 2 Department of Food Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forestry Food Processing and Safety, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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28
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Ríos-Ríos KL, Dejonghe W, Vanbroekhoven K, Rakotoarivonina H, Rémond C. Enzymatic Production of Xylo-oligosaccharides from Destarched Wheat Bran and the Impact of Their Degree of Polymerization and Substituents on Their Utilization as a Carbon Source by Probiotic Bacteria. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13217-13226. [PMID: 34706532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The enzymatic production of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOs) from destarched wheat bran with a GH11 xylanase was studied. Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOs) produced were separated into different fractions according to their degree of polymerization (DP) and the nature of their substituents: arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides (AXOs) with a DP from 2 to 3 and DP from 2 to 6 and feruloylated arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides (FAXOs) esterified by ferulic and p-coumaric acids with a DP from 3 to 6. Both AXOs (short and long DP) and FAXOs stimulated the growth of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Prevotella copri similarly but not Lactobacillus rhamnosus. The utilization of AXOs and FAXOs as a carbon source resulted in the increase in turbidity, decrease in pH, and production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the culture broth. The highest amount of SCFAs was produced by F. prausnitzii using FAXOs. Results suggest that FAXOs and AXOs have the potential to be considered as prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina L Ríos-Ríos
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, Chaire AFERE, 51097 Reims, France
- Separation and Conversion Technology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Winnie Dejonghe
- Separation and Conversion Technology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Karolien Vanbroekhoven
- Separation and Conversion Technology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Harivony Rakotoarivonina
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, Chaire AFERE, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Caroline Rémond
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, Chaire AFERE, 51097 Reims, France
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29
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Feruloylation of polysaccharides from cranberry and characterization of their prebiotic properties. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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30
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Yang F, Feng B, Niu YJ, Hu CY, Meng YH. Fu instant tea ameliorates fatty liver by improving microbiota dysbiosis and elevating short-chain fatty acids in the intestine of mice fed a high-fat diet. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Production of grape pomace extracts with enhanced antioxidant and prebiotic activities through solid-state fermentation by Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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32
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Lin S, Agger JW, Wilkens C, Meyer AS. Feruloylated Arabinoxylan and Oligosaccharides: Chemistry, Nutritional Functions, and Options for Enzymatic Modification. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2021; 12:331-354. [PMID: 33472016 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-032818-121443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cereal brans and grain endosperm cell walls are key dietary sources of different types of arabinoxylan. Arabinoxylan is the main group of hemicellulosic polysaccharides that are present in the cell walls of monocot grass crops and hence in cereal grains. The arabinoxylan polysaccharides consist of a backbone of β-(1→4)-linked xylopyranosyl residues, which carry arabinofuranosyl moieties, hence the term arabinoxylan. Moreover, the xylopyranosyl residues can be acetylated or substituted by 4-O-methyl-d-glucuronic acid. The arabinofuranosyls may be esterified with a feruloyl group. Feruloylated arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides exert beneficial bioactivities via prebiotic, immunomodulatory, and/or antioxidant effects. New knowledge on microbial enzymes that catalyze specific structural modifications of arabinoxylans can help us understand how these complex fibers are converted in the gut and provide a foundation for the production of feruloylated arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides from brans or other cereal grain processing sidestreams as functional food ingredients. There is a gap between the structural knowledge, bioactivity data, and enzymology insight. Our goal with this review is to present an overview of the structures and bioactivities of feruloylated arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides and review the enzyme reactions that catalyze specific changes in differentially substituted arabinoxylans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Lin
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, DTU Bioengineering, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Jane W Agger
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, DTU Bioengineering, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Casper Wilkens
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, DTU Bioengineering, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Anne S Meyer
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, DTU Bioengineering, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;
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33
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Mei F, Meng K, Gu Z, Yun Y, Zhang W, Zhang C, Zhong Q, Pan F, Shen X, Xia G, Chen H. Arecanut ( Areca catechu L.) Seed Polyphenol-Ameliorated Osteoporosis by Altering Gut Microbiome via LYZ and the Immune System in Estrogen-Deficient Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:246-258. [PMID: 33382620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenol can improve osteoporosis and is closely associated with gut microbiota, while the mechanism and the relationship among polyphenol, osteoporosis, and gut microbiota colonization remain unclear. Here, an osteoporosis rat model established by ovariectomy was employed to investigate the improving mechanism of arecanut (Areca catechu L.) seed polyphenol (ACP) on osteoporosis by regulating gut microbiota. We analyzed the bone microstructure, Paneth cells, regulating microbial protein (lysozyme (LYZ)), proinflammatory cytokines, macrophage infiltration levels, and gut microbial communities in a rat. ACP improved the trabecular microstructure compared to OVX, including the increased trabecular number (Tb.N) (P < 0.01) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) (P < 0.001) and decreased trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) (P < 0.01). At the phylum level, Bacteroidetes was increased after ovariectomy (P < 0.001) and Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were increased in ACP (P < 0.001). Antiosteoporosis groups with lower LYZ and Paneth cells (P < 0.001) showed that the microbiota Alistipes, which have a negative effect on bone metabolism were decreased in ACP (P < 0.001). Altogether, these studies showed that the estrogen deficiency could induce the shedding of Paneth cells, which leads to the decrease of LYZ, while ACP could increase the LYZ expression by maintaining the population of Paneth cells in an estrogen-deficient host, which were implicated in gut microbiota regulation and improved osteoporosis by controlling the inflammatory reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengfeng Mei
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Keke Meng
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Zhipeng Gu
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Yonghuan Yun
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chenghui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qiuping Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Feibing Pan
- Huachuang Institute of Areca Research-Hainan, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Xuanri Shen
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Guanghua Xia
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
- Huachuang Institute of Areca Research-Hainan, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Haiming Chen
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
- Huachuang Institute of Areca Research-Hainan, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
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34
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Gong L, Wen T, Wang J. Role of the Microbiome in Mediating Health Effects of Dietary Components. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:12820-12835. [PMID: 32131598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b08231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Numerous recent observation and intervention studies suggest that the microbiota in the gut and oral cavity play important roles in host physiology, including disease development and progression. Of the many environmental factors involved, dietary components play a pivotal role in shaping the microbiota community and function, thus eliciting beneficial or detrimental consequences on host health. The microbiota affect human physiology by altering the chemical structures of dietary components, thus creating new biological properties and modifying their lifetime and bioavailability. This review will describe the causal mechanisms between the microbiota and some specific bacterial species and diet components providing health benefits and how this knowledge could be incorporated in dietary strategies for improving human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Gong
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Wen
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
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35
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Effect of 2′-fucosyllactose supplementation on intestinal flora in mice with intestinal inflammatory diseases. Int Dairy J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2020.104797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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36
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Leonard W, Zhang P, Ying D, Fang Z. Hydroxycinnamic acids on gut microbiota and health. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 20:710-737. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William Leonard
- School of Agriculture and Food The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Pangzhen Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Food The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Danyang Ying
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food Werribee Victoria Australia
| | - Zhongxiang Fang
- School of Agriculture and Food The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
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37
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Feruloylated oligosaccharides and ferulic acid alter gut microbiome to alleviate diabetic syndrome. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109410. [PMID: 33233097 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiome has been proven to be involved in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Additionally, increasing evidence showed that the composition of gut microbiome is highly associated with the outcome of T2D therapy. Previously we demonstrated that feruloylated oligosaccharides (FOs) and ferulic acid (FA) alleviated diabetic syndrome in rats, but the detailed mechanism has not been explored yet. In this study we strived to characterize how FOs and FA altered the gut microbiome and related metabolome in diabetic rats by using high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA and gas chromatography (GC). Our results showed that FOs reduced the abundance of Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus, Oscillibacter, and Desulfovibrio, but increased the abundance of Akkermansia, Phascolarctobacterium and Turicibacter. The structure of gut microbiome in FOs treated rats was similar with healthy rats rather than diabetic rats. Likewise, FA decreased the portion of Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus, but promoted the growth of Bacteroides, Blautia, Faecalibacterium, Parabacteroides and Phascolarctobacterium. Additionally, the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs), the main bacterial lipid metabolites in gut mediating host glucose metabolism, was dramatically elevated along with FOs and FA treatment. Our findings indicated that FOs and FA attenuated diabetic syndrome in rats most likely by modulating the composition and metabolism of gut microbiome. The study gives new insight into the mechanism underlying the anti-diabetes effect of functional foods as well as facilitates the development of dietary supplements for diabetic patients.
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Wu Y, Chen Y, Lu Y, Hao H, Liu J, Huang R. Structural features, interaction with the gut microbiota and anti-tumor activity of oligosaccharides. RSC Adv 2020; 10:16339-16348. [PMID: 35498870 PMCID: PMC9053055 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00344a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Some oligosaccharides are regarded as biological constituents with benefits to human health in an indirect way. They enter the intestinal tract to be fermented by the gut microbiota, causing changes in the abundance and composition of the gut microbiota and producing fermentation products such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). In this review, the structural features and biological activities of eight common natural oligosaccharides were summarized, including human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS), xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS), arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides (AXOS), isomaltooligosaccharides (IMOS), chitin oligosaccharides (NACOS), mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS), galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS). Furthermore, XOS were selected to explain the anti-tumor mechanism mediated by gut microbiota. The review aims to reveal primary structural features of natural functional oligosaccharides related to the biological activities and also provide an explanation of the anti-tumor activity of functional oligosaccharides mediated by the gut microbiota. Some oligosaccharides are regarded as biological constituents with benefits to human health in an indirect way.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China +86 20 8528 3448 +86 7592388240
| | - Yinning Chen
- Guangdong Polytechnic College 526100 Zhaoqing China
| | - Yingfang Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China +86 20 8528 3448 +86 7592388240
| | - Huili Hao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China +86 20 8528 3448 +86 7592388240
| | - Jun Liu
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang 524023 China
| | - Riming Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China +86 20 8528 3448 +86 7592388240
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Liu Y, Chen J, Tan Q, Deng X, Tsai PJ, Chen PH, Ye M, Guo J, Su Z. Nondigestible Oligosaccharides with Anti-Obesity Effects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:4-16. [PMID: 31829005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has an important influence on health conditions, causing a multitude of complications and comorbidities, and drug therapy is considered to be one of the treatment strategies. Nowadays, there is increasing interest in the study of intestinal microbiota regulation of obesity; also, an increasing number of agricultural and sideline products have been found to have anti-obesity potential. In the present review, we summarize an overview of current known and potential anti-obesity oligosaccharides and their molecular structures. We describe their anti-obesity potential activity and the molecular structure associated with this activity, the regulation of intestinal microbiota composition and its mechanism of action, including regulation of the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) pathway and altering bile acid (BA) pathway. This review will provide new ideas for us to develop new anti-obesity functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Liu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Qiuhua Tan
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Xiaoyi Deng
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Ping-Ju Tsai
- King-Prebiotics Biotechnology (TW) CO., LTD. , Linkou District, New Taipei City 24446 , Taiwan China
| | - Pei-Hsuan Chen
- King-Prebiotics Biotechnology (TW) CO., LTD. , Linkou District, New Taipei City 24446 , Taiwan China
| | - Manxiang Ye
- New Francisco (Yunfu City) Biotechnology CO., LTD. , Swan-kan-chiau Industrial District, Kaofong Village Yunfu City 527343 , Guangdong , China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
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