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Tomisato S, Yada Y, Wasano K, Kono T, Ozawa H. Validity and utility of the Japanese version of the brief unhelpful thoughts and beliefs about stuttering scale: UTBAS-6-J. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1382673. [PMID: 38919794 PMCID: PMC11196822 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1382673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Do adults who stutter have abnormally high social anxiety? Is it related to maladaptive cognition? As these are persistent, unresolved questions in stuttering research, it behooves clinicians to at least assess and attempt to identify social anxiety in patients who stutter and its basis before decisions are made about stuttering treatment. The Unhelpful Thoughts and Beliefs About Stuttering (UTBAS) scale is a self-administered questionnaire that measures the degree of non-adaptive cognition in people who stutter (PWS) due to social anxiety. The 66-item UTBAS is time-consuming to complete, prompting the development of a shorter 6-item version, the UTBAS-6, which is in English. Here, we aimed to assess some psychometric properties of the Japanese version of the UTBAS-6, the UTBAS-6-J, which has not been done to date. In 56 adult patients (mean 32.6 ± 11.1 years) who stutter, we quantified the reliability, the internal consistency, and the concurrent validity of the UTBAS-6-J. Along with the UTBAS-6-J, patients also were administered the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering - Japanese version (OASES-A-J), the Modified Erickson Communication Attitude Scale - Japanese version (S-24-J), and the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale - Japanese version (LSAS-J). Cronbach's alpha for UTBAS-6-J total scores was 0.974, indicating excellent internal consistency. UTBAS-6-J scores were significantly correlated with scores on the OASES-A-J, the S-24-J, and the LSAS-J (all p < 0.005). Concurrent validity of the UTBAS-6-J with these three questionnaires was confirmed. The UTBAS-6-J has good internal consistency and concurrent validity, which will aid clinical decision-making about stuttering treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuta Tomisato
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Nippon Koukan Hospital, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuto Yada
- Department of Otolaryngology, Nippon Koukan Hospital, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Language Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Wasano
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takeyuki Kono
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ozawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Ma Y, Mason EM, McGinn EM, Parker J, Oxley JD, St Louis KO. Attitudes toward stuttering of college students in the USA and China: A cross-cultural comparison using the POSHA-S. JOURNAL OF FLUENCY DISORDERS 2024; 79:106037. [PMID: 38301423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2024.106037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study compared the attitudes toward stuttering among college students in China and the USA using the POSHA-S survey, which assesses knowledge about stuttering and attitudes toward it. We investigated how cultural and social differences between the two groups influenced these attitudes. METHODS We collected 199 responses to the POSHA-S survey from various universities in China and the USA. We conducted a statistical analysis of 15 summary scores generated from the POSHA-S to determine if there were significant differences in attitudes toward stuttering between the two groups. Additionally, we retrieved percentile ranks relative to the global POSHA-S database to compare attitudes in both groups with global median scores. RESULTS The study revealed that Chinese college students hold more negative attitudes toward stuttering compared to their American counterparts and the global median scores. We discussed the social and cultural factors that may contribute to these attitudes. Furthermore, our findings emphasized the importance of addressing the lack of accurate information about stuttering in China, which could be a key factor driving these negative attitudes. CONCLUSION These results underscore the urgent need to raise awareness about stuttering and promote a shift in public attitudes, especially among college students in China, who play influential roles in society's future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ma
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Purdue University Fort Wayne, 2101 East Coliseum Boulevard, CLCB 113, Fort Wayne, IN 46805, United States.
| | - Emmalee M Mason
- Prosser Memorial Hospital, 326 Chardonnay Ave., Prosser, WA 99350, United States
| | - Evynn M McGinn
- Signature Home Health, 454 NE Revere Ave, Bend, OR 97701, United States
| | - Jordan Parker
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, Fort Hays State University, 600 Park St., Hays, KS 67601, United States
| | - Judith D Oxley
- Department of Communicative Disorders, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P.O. Box 43170 Lafayette, LA 70504, United States
| | - Kenneth O St Louis
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 4382, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
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Ong YQ, Hasmidi NN, Lee J, Hamzah DA, Unicomb R, Chu SY. Awareness and Knowledge of Stuttering among Malaysian School-Aged Children: An Exploratory Study. Folia Phoniatr Logop 2024; 76:398-410. [PMID: 38232721 DOI: 10.1159/000536207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Knowledge and awareness of stuttering are closely associated with attitudes toward stuttering. Few studies have been conducted on the knowledge and awareness of school-aged children, and none have been conducted in Malaysia. This study aimed to: (a) determine knowledge and awareness of stuttering among Malaysian school-aged children, and (b) determine whether there are differences between age group, gender, and people who stutter (PWS) exposure groups. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 192 Malay school-aged children (mean age = 9.47, SD = 1.781) recruited via email and social media platforms. They completed a Malay version of the questionnaire devised by van Borsel et al. (1999) on various aspects of stuttering, including prevalence, onset, gender distribution, occurrence in different cultures, cause, treatment, intelligence, and heredity of stuttering. The χ2 test of independence was performed to compare the distributions of survey responses by age group, gender, and PWS exposure group. RESULTS Around half of the school-aged children had met a person who stutters, but certain aspects of their knowledge were limited. Knowledge also differed according to age and gender. Girls were more knowledgeable about stuttering than boys. Regarding stuttering treatment, younger children had more positive attitudes than older children. Participants who did not know a PWS were more likely to consult their family doctor rather than a speech-language pathologist in relation to stuttering. CONCLUSION Knowledge and awareness of stuttering among Malaysian school-aged children were limited. Findings of this study could be used to develop a stuttering awareness program specific to children to increase their knowledge and awareness about stuttering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qian Ong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Speech Sciences Programme, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,
| | - Nurul Nadia Hasmidi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Speech Sciences Programme, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jaehoon Lee
- Department of Educational Psychology, Leadership, and Counseling, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Dadang Amir Hamzah
- Actuarial Science Program, Faculty of Business, President University, Jababeka Education Park, Kota Jababeka, Bekasi, Indonesia
| | - Rachael Unicomb
- Speech Pathology, School of Health Sciences, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shin Ying Chu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Speech Sciences Programme, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Yoshikawa Y, Kobayashi H, Sakai N, Ishiguro H, Kumazaki H. Therapeutic potential of robots for people who stutter: a preliminary study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1298626. [PMID: 38283848 PMCID: PMC10811234 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1298626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Growing anecdotal evidence suggests the feasibility of robotic intervention for people who suffer from disorders related to state anxiety. Few studies have been conducted on utilizing robots for persons who stutter (PWS). The present study examines the feasibility of using a robot for speech therapy for PWS. Methods We prepared four settings (i.e., interviews with unfamiliar persons, interviews with unfamiliar communication robots, reading sentences aloud with a tandem robot that can utter the same words as a user by repeating the user's voice after a short delay, and reading sentences aloud while being alone). We assessed the potential of the robots as both interlocutors and practice partners in training with delayed auditory feedback (DAF) for PWS. Moreover, we assessed the relationship between the trait of stuttering and the participants' affinity to the robots. Results Eleven PWS participated in the study. Eight (72.7%) participants had fewer stuttering-related psychological symptoms when they communicated with robots than when they communicated with humans. Spearman's rank correlation analysis revealed that there was a significant negative correlation between the Modified Erickson Communication Attitude scale (S-24) and the difference between the scores for stuttering-related psychological symptoms pertaining to the communication robot and humans (p < 0.01). Six participants (54.5%) had fewer stuttering-related psychological symptoms when they read aloud with the tandem robot than when they read aloud alone. There were significant positive correlations between S-24 and the differences between the scores for stuttering-related psychological symptoms when reading aloud with the tandem robot and those when reading aloud alone (p < 0.01). Discussion The communication robot and tandem utterance robot can sometimes be burdensome, although both robots were always easier to talk to for PWS in this preliminary study. The participants with positive speech-related attitudes were more inclined to decrease stuttering-related psychological symptoms when communicating with CommU than when communicating with humans. The participants whose speech-related attitudes were negative were more inclined to show a decrease in stuttering-related psychological symptoms when reading aloud with the tandem robot. Further studies are needed to provide more detailed information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Yoshikawa
- Department of Systems Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kobayashi
- Department of Clinical Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Hearing and Speech Functions Section, Department of Rehabilitation for Sensory Functions, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Research Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishiguro
- Department of Systems Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kumazaki
- College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Węsierska K, Yaruss JS, Kosacka K, Kowalczyk Ł, Boroń A. The experience of Polish individuals who stutter based on the OASES outcomes. JOURNAL OF FLUENCY DISORDERS 2023; 77:105991. [PMID: 37354736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2023.105991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior research has shown that stuttering is a complex and individualized condition. The Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering (OASES; Yaruss & Quesal, 2016) is a well-researched tool that measures the impact of stuttering on an individual's life. This study has used the Polish version of the OASES to examine the experience of stuttering among Polish people who stutter. METHOD The original, English version of the OASES was translated into Polish. Reliability and validity for the Polish version were evaluated. Comparisons were made between samples from Poland and the United States for all of the sections and for the overall results of the OASES-S, OASES-T, and OASES-A. To explore the structure of the stuttering experience, a factor structure of the OASES was conducted. RESULTS Like other versions of the OASES, the OASES-Polish (OASES-PL) demonstrated good reliability and validity. Cross-cultural comparisons have shown that Polish school-age children had significantly lower knowledge and awareness of stuttering than children in the United States (USA). Factor analysis further revealed that the structure of the experience of stuttering is similar across all age groups, but the importance of the particular aspects of stuttering varies at different stages of life. CONCLUSION The OASES-PL is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring the impact of stuttering on Polish people who stutter and can therefore be used as a clinical tool. Polish results were relatively similar to those from the USA, though there were subtle cross-cultural differences that are worthy of further exploration. EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES After reading the article, the participant will be able: (1) to describe the diverse experiences of Polish people who stutter at different ages, (2) to explain the importance of quality of life analysis in diagnosis and speech therapy with people who stutter, and (3) to explain the breadth of the stuttering phenomenon among Polish individuals who stutter.
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Ma Y, Oxley JD, Yaruss JS, Tetnowski JA. Stuttering experience of people in China: A cross-cultural perspective. JOURNAL OF FLUENCY DISORDERS 2023; 77:105994. [PMID: 37478807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2023.105994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study uses the Simplified Chinese version of the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering for Adults (OASES-A-SC) to examine the stuttering experience of people in China and determine if there are differences between the data collected in China and other countries. METHODS A total of 139 responses to the OASES-A-SC were collected in an online self-help community of people in China who stutter. Descriptive analyses were conducted to obtain the understanding of how stuttering impacts the life experience of people in China who stutter. Comparisons were conducted regarding the groups of gender, highest education, and therapy history. Cross-cultural comparisons among the data collected from China, Australia, the Netherlands, Japan, Sweden, and the USA were also conducted. RESULTS The data for the OASES-A-SC showed a skewed distribution toward the severe end of the OASES-A impacting scale. About 93.5% participants rated the overall impact of stuttering on their life at and above the "Moderate" category. The mean scores of the General Information, Reaction to Stuttering, and Qualify of Life sections fell in the moderate-to-severe category. Compared with the data in other five countries, the Chinese data were significantly higher in the impact severity level. CONCLUSION The results showed that people in China who stutter have more adverse experiences related to stuttering compared with their counterparts in western or developed countries. Higher negative attitudes toward stuttering in China, social stigma against people with disabilities, and the fewer professional supports were discussed to be associated with this more adverse experience. Cultural differences such as a greater power distance and higher collectivism in Chinese culture were considered to be associated with the elevated level of adverse impact of stuttering in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ma
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Purdue University Fort Wayne, 2101 East Coliseum Boulevard, CLCB 111, Fort Wayne, IN 46805, United States.
| | - Judith D Oxley
- Department of Communicative Disorders, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P.O. Box 43170, Lafayette, LA 70504, United States
| | - J Scott Yaruss
- Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, Michigan State University, 1026 Red Cedar Rd, Room 112, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - John A Tetnowski
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Oklahoma State University, Social Sciences and Humanities Building, Room 011, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States
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Mahesh S, Pushpavathi M, Seth D, Saravanan S, Yaruss JS. Adaptation and Validation of Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering for Adults in Kannada (OASES-A-K). Folia Phoniatr Logop 2023; 76:30-38. [PMID: 37231963 DOI: 10.1159/000531048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psychosocial aspects of stuttering may affect the quality of life of a person who stutters (PWS). Further, the social stigma and experiences of PWS may vary globally. The WHO-ICF guidelines recommend quality of life as an essential component in the assessment of individuals who stutter. However, the availability of linguistically and culturally appropriate tools is often a challenge. Thus, the current study adapted and validated the OASES-A for Kannada-speaking adults who stutter. METHOD The original English version of OASES-A was adapted to Kannada using a standard reverse translation process. The adapted version was administered on 51 Kannada-speaking adults with very mild to very severe stuttering. The data were analyzed for item characteristics, reliability, and validity assessment. RESULTS The results revealed floor and ceiling effects for six and two items, respectively. The mean overall impact score indicated a moderate impact of stuttering. Further, the impact score for section II was relatively higher when compared to the data from other countries. The reliability and validity analyses showed good internal consistency and test-retest reliability for OASES-A-K. CONCLUSION The findings of the current research suggest that OASES-A-K is a sensitive and reliable tool to assess the impact of stuttering in Kannada-speaking PWS. The findings also highlight cross-cultural differences and the need for research in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Mahesh
- Department of Clinical Services, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore, India
| | - Mariswamy Pushpavathi
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore, India
| | - Divya Seth
- Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Sivaranjani Saravanan
- Department of Clinical Services, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore, India
| | - J Scott Yaruss
- Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, College of Communication Arts and Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Chu SY, Unicomb R, Lee J, Cho KS, St Louis KO, Harrison E, McConnell G. Public attitudes toward stuttering in Malaysia. JOURNAL OF FLUENCY DISORDERS 2022; 74:105942. [PMID: 36395547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2022.105942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to: (a) measure public attitudes toward stuttering in Malaysia using the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attitudes-Stuttering [POSHA-S], (b) determine how reported attitudes and knowledge related to stuttering compare to existing data, and (c) determine whether there are differences between groups for identified variables. METHOD A total of 250 adults (mean age = 29 years; range = 19-60 years) completed the POSHA-S in English. We compared this sample's attitudes toward stuttering to POSHA-S data from other global samples. General linear modeling examined differences in overall stuttering score, beliefs, and self reaction subscores for demographic variables such as age, gender, marital status, parenting, education, employment status, prior exposure to a person who stutters, multilingual, race, and religion. RESULTS The Malaysian participants' overall stuttering score and the beliefs and self reactions subscores were all considerably lower (i.e., less positive) than the other samples around the world from the POSHA-S database median values. Being male, receiving a higher education, and knowing someone who stutters were linked to having more positive self reactions, but none of those factors was linked to positive or negative beliefs. Those who had previously been exposed to stuttering scored significantly higher than those who had not. CONCLUSION Malaysians may have less positive attitudes toward stuttering than Westerners. More needs to be done to make society more accepting of people who stutter. Future research should aim to find ways to educate and to raise public awareness about stuttering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Ying Chu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Speech Sciences Programme, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia.
| | - Rachael Unicomb
- School of Health Science, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Jaehoon Lee
- Department of Educational Psychology, Leadership, and Counseling, Texas Tech University, PO Box 41071, Lubbock, TX 79409-1071, USA.
| | - Kai Shuo Cho
- Speech Therapy Services, UKM Specialist Children Hospital, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.
| | - Kenneth O St Louis
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, West Virginia University, PO Box 4382, Morgantown, WV 26504, USA.
| | | | - Grace McConnell
- Communication Sciences and Disorders, College of Health and Human Services, Rockhurst University, 1100 Rockhurst Road, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA.
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Iimura D, Koyama Y, Kondo H, Toyomura A, Boyle M. Development of a short Japanese version of the Self-Stigma of Stuttering Scale (4S-J-16): Translation and evaluation of validity and reliability. JOURNAL OF FLUENCY DISORDERS 2022; 73:105917. [PMID: 35753277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2022.105917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to develop a short Japanese version of the Self-Stigma of Stuttering Scale (4S), which assesses the self-stigma of adults who stutter (AWS) in a self-completed form, and evaluate its psychometric properties and reliability and validity. METHODS After translating the original 4S scale into Japanese (4S-J) through a forward-backward translation process, it was administered to 123 Japanese adults who stutter. A short version of the 4S-J was developed through factor analysis and eliminating items with low loadings to original factors. Reliability was verified by calculating internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Participants also completed the Japanese-translated version of the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Subjective Happiness Scale to verify construct validity. As a secondary analysis, our results regarding psychological properties of the short version of the 4S were then compared to those of studies from other countries. RESULTS Sixteen items were selected for the short version of the scale (4S-J-16), and confirmatory factor analysis verified the original structure of the 4S. We obtained good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Regarding construct validity, our results showed similar correlation with the other selected scales. The value of all scores on the stigma scale in the Japanese cohort was significantly higher than that in the foreign cohort. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the 4S-J-16 has good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity with a three-factor structure of self-stigma in Japanese AWS. The findings suggest that Japanese cultural background increases the stigma scores, thereby enabling us to briefly assess the psychosocial issues of AWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Iimura
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Yuika Koyama
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan; Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kondo
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Akira Toyomura
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Michael Boyle
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Montclair State University, Bloomfield, New Jersey, United States
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Werle D, Winters KL, Byrd CT. Preliminary study of self-perceived communication competence amongst adults who do and do not stutter. JOURNAL OF FLUENCY DISORDERS 2021; 70:105848. [PMID: 33895686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2021.105848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adults who stutter report a significant impact of stuttering on their quality of life, including negative thoughts and attitudes toward communication. In addition to this impact, adolescents who stutter also report lower levels of self-perceived communication competence (SPCC) compared to fluent peers. The purpose of this study was to extend the investigation of SPCC to adults who do and do not stutter. Additional aims investigated included if 1) SPCC predicted overall impact of stuttering, and, 2) stuttering frequency predicted SPCC among adults who stutter. METHODS Twenty-four adults who stutter and twenty-seven adults who do not stutter matched for age, gender, and education completed the Self-Perceived Communication Competence Scale (Richmond & McCroskey, 1997). All participants who stutter completed the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering (OASES [ages 18+]; Yaruss & Quesal, 2006) and speaking samples to measure stuttering frequency. RESULTS Adults who stutter reported significantly lower SPCC scale total scores than adults who do not stutter. For adults who stutter, lower SPCC scale scores significantly predicted more severe overall impact of stuttering as measured by the OASES. Stuttering frequency did not predict SPCC scale scores. DISCUSSION This is the first study to report differences in self-perceived communication competence between adults who do and do not stutter. Results suggest adults who stutter report lower self-perceived communication competence compared to adults who do not stutter. Adults who perceive themselves to have greater communication competence reported less severe overall impact of stuttering, and stuttering frequency did not influence SPCC. Clinical implications for intervention are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Werle
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, University Station A1100, Austin, TX, 78759, United States.
| | - Katherine L Winters
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, University Station A1100, Austin, TX, 78759, United States
| | - Courtney T Byrd
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, University Station A1100, Austin, TX, 78759, United States
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Croft RL, Byrd CT. Does the clinical utility of self-disclosure of stuttering transcend culturally and linguistically diverse populations? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2021; 23:548-558. [PMID: 33544005 DOI: 10.1080/17549507.2020.1861326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Research suggests that self-disclosure can improve listeners' perceptions of stuttering; however, it is unknown whether the effectiveness of self-disclosure transcends culture and language. This study examined the clinical utility of self-disclosure in a culturally and linguistically diverse population: Hebrew-speaking people who stutter in Israel.Method: The experimental protocol replicated Byrd, Croft et al. Participants (N = 92 adults in Israel) viewed a video of either a male or female Hebrew-speaking person who simulated stuttering and self-disclosed informatively, apologetically, or not at all. Participants then rated the speaker on ten traits (i.e. friendly, outgoing, intelligent, confident, engaging, distracting, unfriendly, shy, unintelligent, insecure) using a bipolar likert scale.Result: Results indicated that participants rated the speaker who self-disclosed in a neutral and informative manner as significantly more outgoing compared to the speaker who did not self-disclose at all, supporting the results from Byrd, Croft et al. Additionally, the male speaker was rated as significantly more friendly and outgoing than the female speaker.Conclusion: This study suggests that self-disclosing in a neutral and informative manner can improve listeners' perceptions of people who stutter similarly across culture and language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn L Croft
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| | - Courtney T Byrd
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
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Iimura D, Ishida O, Takahashi S, Yokoi H, Miyamoto S. A Questionnaire Survey About Support Requests From School-Age Children and Adolescents Who Stutter. Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch 2021; 52:717-727. [PMID: 33497578 DOI: 10.1044/2020_lshss-20-00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Children who stutter (CWS) face communication difficulties in school activities and at home. Although the importance of receiving support from their surroundings has been documented, few studies have investigated potential requests of CWS from their surroundings. This study aimed to elucidate such requests. Method A total of 43 school-age children and 25 adolescents who stutter completed a free-description questionnaire, including questions such as "what you want your classmates/your classroom teacher/your family to do about your stuttering?" Their descriptions were summarized and categorized based on similarity. Results The results indicate that 90.6% of the participants had more than one request for their classmates, classroom teacher, or family. A total of 197 items were extracted and categorized into seven themes. In particular, the responses included "listen attentively," "treat us naturally," and "make arrangements." While participants tended to hope for classmates or family to "listen attentively" and "treat us naturally," the request to "make arrangements" was higher for their teacher. Their potential requests varied by age: While school-age CWS wanted people around them to "listen carefully," the hope of adolescents who stutter was "treat us naturally." Conclusions The various potential requests of CWS were categorized, and the responses shed light on the importance of increasing knowledge of stuttering. The difference between the requests could reflect psychosocial differences between school-age children and adolescents who stutter. In addition, social interaction among peers is more developed in adolescents, and they could harbor fear of being excluded within their community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Iimura
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Okayama, Japan.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishida
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Saitama Municipal Nakamoto Elementary School, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Hideaki Yokoi
- Japan Stuttering Genyukai Association, Tokyo, Japan.,Narumi Stuttering Consultation Room, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shoko Miyamoto
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Ward D, Miller R, Nikolaev A. Evaluating three stuttering assessments through network analysis, random forests and cluster analysis. JOURNAL OF FLUENCY DISORDERS 2021; 67:105823. [PMID: 33571755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2020.105823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In stuttering, cognitive and behavioural variables interact in nonlinear fashion. These variables can be assessed by instruments which evaluate perceived impact of stuttering and stuttering severity. We applied three statistical methods in combination to the analysis of three assessment protocols to discover relationships within and between the tests to better understand variations in behavioural and social aspects of stuttering. METHODS Scores from Stuttering Severity Index (SSI-IV), Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering scale (OASES), and Unhelpful Thoughts and Beliefs About Stuttering scale (UTBAS), collected from 26 participants were compared using three statistical methods: network analysis, random forests, and cluster analysis. RESULTS Network analysis demonstrated that SSI-IV only weakly interacts with a quality of life index (OASES) and a self-perception and belief systems index (UTBAS). Random forest analyses revealed the last two measures relate strongly to each other. The results from cluster analysis suggest a) a possible regrouping of OASES items and b) a possible use of one UTBAS scale instead of the three. CONCLUSION A combination of three statistical methods allowed us to evaluate the three assessments in more depth. The lack of interaction between the SSI-IV on the one hand, and OASES and UTBAS on the other, suggests that the network of the three commonly used stuttering assessments may be fractured in a non-productive way. A potential gap may exist for an assessment tool that would link behavioural and social aspects of stuttering.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ward
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AL, UK.
| | - Ronan Miller
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AL, UK.
| | - Alexandre Nikolaev
- School of Languages and Cultures, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RA, UK, and Department of Languages, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
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Chu SY, Sakai N, Lee J, Harrison E, Tang KP, Mori K. Comparison of social anxiety between Japanese adults who stutter and non-stuttering controls. JOURNAL OF FLUENCY DISORDERS 2020; 65:105767. [PMID: 32535211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2020.105767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adults who stutter (AWS) often develop social anxiety disorder. This study was to provide comparative data on the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale-Japanese version (LSAS-J) from AWS and non-stuttering adult controls. METHODS LSAS-J, a 24-item self-reported survey of social phobia and avoidance across various daily situations, was administered to 130 AWS (Mean Age = 41.5 years, SD = 15.8, 111 males) and 114 non-stuttering adults (Mean Age = 39.5, SD = 14.9, 53 males). The test-retest reliability and internal consistency of the LSAS-J were assessed. A between-subject multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was also conducted to determine whether attitude toward social anxiety differed between AWS and AWNS, or by age (<40 and ≥ 40 years old), or sex (female and male). RESULTS AWS reported higher scores on both fear subscales of the LSAS-J. Age had no significant influence on the social anxiety levels reported by either participant group. Sex differences were found in the fear subscales, with females scoring higher on both fear subscales, although these were only marginally significant (p = .06). LSAS-J showed good test-retest reliability and high Cronbach's alpha coefficient, indicating that it is an internally consistent measure of attitudes about social anxiety. CONCLUSION Given the similarly high incidence of social anxiety in adults in Japan who stutter compared with those in other countries, social anxiety should be identified and assessed during clinical decision making and before decisions are made about stuttering treatment. LSAS-J is an easy tool to administer, and showed reliable results of social phobia and avoidance for AWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Ying Chu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Speech Sciences Programme, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia.
| | - Naomi Sakai
- National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Research Institute, Department of Rehabilitation for Sensory Functions, 4-1 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8555, Japan.
| | - Jaehoon Lee
- Department of Educational Psychology and Leadership, Texas Tech University, Box 41071, Lubbock, TX, 79409-1071, USA.
| | | | - Keng Ping Tang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Speech Sciences Programme, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia.
| | - Koichi Mori
- National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Rehabilitation Services Bureau, 4-1 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8555, Japan.
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15
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Sakai N, Yasu K, Mori K. Disfluencies and Strategies Used by People Who Stutter During a Working Memory Task. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2020; 63:688-701. [PMID: 32186949 DOI: 10.1044/2019_jslhr-19-00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Working memory (WM) deficits are implicated in various communication disorders, including stuttering. The reading span test (RST) measures WM capacity with the dual task of reading sentences aloud and remembering target words. This study demonstrates a difference in strategy between people who stutter (PWS) and people who do not stutter (PWNS) in performing the RST. The impact of the effective strategy and the stuttering-like disfluencies during the RST were investigated. Method Twenty-six PWS and 24 people who do not stutter performed the RST and a simple reading aloud task. After the RST, they were asked which strategy ("imagery" or "rehearsal") they had used in order to remember the target words during the task. Results The proportion of those who used an "imagery" strategy during the RST was significantly smaller in the PWS group. However, the RST scores of those who used an "imagery" strategy were significantly higher than the RST scores of those who used a "rehearsal" strategy in both groups. The "rehearsal" users were asked to undertake one more RST with an "imagery" strategy, which resulted in an increased score for both groups. The disfluency frequency of the PWS group was significantly reduced during the RST than during the oral reading task, irrespective of the employed strategy. Conclusions PWS tended to use the less effective verbal "rehearsal" strategy during the RST. The differential effects of switching strategies on the measured WM capacity and on the disfluency rate suggest that the enhanced fluency during the RST would be mostly attributable to the reduced attention to speech motor control. Therefore, the use of the "imagery" strategy and focusing on the contents of communication, away from speech motor control, should help PWS communicate better in daily conversation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Sakai
- Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Keiichi Yasu
- Department of Industrial Information, Tsukuba University of Technology, Japan
| | - Koichi Mori
- Rehabilitation Services Bureau, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Japan
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Lindström E, Nilsson E, Nilsson J, Schödin I, Strömberg N, Österberg S, Yaruss JS, Samson I. Swedish outcomes of the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering in an international perspective. LOGOP PHONIATR VOCO 2019; 45:181-189. [PMID: 31771383 DOI: 10.1080/14015439.2019.1695930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of the present project was to translate the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering (OASES) to Swedish, and to compare the results with available international data.Method: The Swedish versions of OASES-A, OASES-T and OASES-S were administered to 80 adults, 27 teenagers and 32 children who stutter, respectively. The overall impact scores and the impact scores for each of the four sections of the instrument were analyzed in relation to other studies involving the OASES.Results: The results revealed that all three Swedish versions of OASES had normally distributed outcomes and that they were reliable and valid. The overall impact scores for adults (2.33), teenagers (2.60) and children (2.28) all fell within Impact Rating Moderate. The mean overall impact score for OASES-A-S was significantly lower than corresponding data from USA, Australia and Japan (p < .01). There was no difference between Swedish and American teenagers, or between Swedish and American or Dutch schoolchildren.Conclusion: There seems to be cultural differences in the experience of negative consequences associated with stuttering. This suggests that cultural aspects should be carefully considered in assessment, treatment, and research involving individuals who stutter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Lindström
- Faculty of Arts, Psychology and Theology, Logopedics, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Speech and Language Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Speech and Language Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julie Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Speech and Language Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Isabelle Schödin
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Speech and Language Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nina Strömberg
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Speech and Language Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sofia Österberg
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Speech and Language Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Scott Yaruss
- Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Ineke Samson
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Speech and Language Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Speech and Language Pathology, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Iimura D, Yada Y, Imaizumi K, Takeuchi T, Miyawaki M, Van Borsel J. Public awareness and knowledge of stuttering in Japan. JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2018; 72:136-145. [PMID: 29448988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine laypeople's knowledge and awareness of stuttering in Japan. METHODS A total of 303 respondents, recruited by street sampling, completed a questionnaire assessing the prevalence, onset, gender distribution, occurrence in different races, cause, treatment, association with intelligence, and hereditariness of stuttering. The questionnaire used was a Japanese version of that devised by Van Borsel, Verniers, and Bouvry (1999) for use in Belgium. RESULTS Although around half of the respondents had heard or met a stutterer, they tended to misunderstand the stuttering; e.g., respondents estimated the prevalence of stuttering as high. Knowledge also differed according to age, gender, and education level. Specifically, older individuals, females, and individuals with higher levels of education tended to have greater knowledge of stuttering. In comparing the results of the present study with similar studies conducted in Belgium, China, and Brazil, we observed several similarities and differences. DISCUSSION Although most respondents were to some extent familiar with stuttering, their overall knowledge of the condition was limited. Certain factors could be involved in having knowledge of stuttering, such as one's life experience, cultural background, and social attitudes toward stuttering. The findings suggest the need for growing knowledge and awareness of stuttering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Iimura
- Domo-work (Specified Nonprofit Corporation), 7-26-7, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0022, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation, Fuke Hospital, 2197, Kamekubo, Hujimino-shi, Saitama, 356-0051, Japan.
| | - Yasuto Yada
- Graduate School of Humanities, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1, Minamiosawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kazuya Imaizumi
- Faculty of Healthcare, Tokyo Healthcare University, 3-11-3, Setagaya, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 154-8568, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Takeuchi
- Domo-work (Specified Nonprofit Corporation), 7-26-7, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0022, Japan
| | - Manami Miyawaki
- Domo-work (Specified Nonprofit Corporation), 7-26-7, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0022, Japan
| | - John Van Borsel
- Department of Logopaedic and Audiologic Sciences, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185 2P1, 9000, Gent, Belgium
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