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Liu H, Fan S, Zhang X, Yuan Y, Zhong W, Wang L, Wang C, Zhou Z, Zhang S, Geng Y, Peng G, Wang Y, Zhang K, Yan Q, Luo Y, Shi K, Zhong Z. Antibiotic-resistant characteristics and horizontal gene transfer ability analysis of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from giant pandas. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1394814. [PMID: 39132438 PMCID: PMC11310934 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1394814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) is regarded as one of the most important priority pathogens within the One Health interface. However, few studies have investigated the occurrence of ESBL-EC in giant pandas, along with their antibiotic-resistant characteristics and horizontal gene transfer abilities. In this study, we successfully identified 12 ESBL-EC strains (8.33%, 12/144) out of 144 E. coli strains which isolated from giant pandas. We further detected antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), virulence-associated genes (VAGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) among the 12 ESBL-EC strains, and the results showed that 13 ARGs and 11 VAGs were detected, of which bla CTX-M (100.00%, 12/12, with 5 variants observed) and papA (83.33%, 10/12) were the most prevalent, respectively. And ISEcp1 (66.67%, 8/12) and IS26 (66.67%, 8/12) were the predominant MGEs. Furthermore, horizontal gene transfer ability analysis of the 12 ESBL-EC showed that all bla CTX-M genes could be transferred by conjugative plasmids, indicating high horizontal gene transfer ability. In addition, ARGs of rmtB and sul2, VAGs of papA, fimC and ompT, MGEs of ISEcp1 and IS26 were all found to be co-transferred with bla CTX-M. Phylogenetic analysis clustered these ESBL-EC strains into group B2 (75.00%, 9/12), D (16.67%, 2/12), and B1 (8.33%, 1/12), and 10 sequence types (STs) were identified among 12 ESBL-EC (including ST48, ST127, ST206, ST354, ST648, ST1706, and four new STs). Our present study showed that ESBL-EC strains from captive giant pandas are reservoirs of ARGs, VAGs and MGEs that can co-transfer with bla CTX-M via plasmids. Transmissible ESBL-EC strains with high diversity of resistance and virulence elements are a potential threat to humans, animals and surrounding environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Siping Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Yu Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenhao Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Liqin Wang
- The Chengdu Zoo, Institute of Wild Animals, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengdong Wang
- China Conservation and Research Centre for the Giant Panda, Key Laboratory of SFGA on the Giant-Panda, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Ziyao Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Geng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangneng Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Qigui Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Keyun Shi
- Jiangsu Yixing People’s Hospital, Yixing, China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
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Xu HC, Cui Y, Wang XY, Wu HB, Li W, Wang D, Lin N, Lin L, Zhang YH. Clinical analysis of colistin sulfate in the treatment of pneumonia caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:2173-2181. [PMID: 38808336 PMCID: PMC11129130 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i13.2173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, exacerbated by excessive use of antimicrobials and immunosuppressants, are a major health threat. AIM To study the clinical efficacy and safety of colistin sulfate in the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli-induced pneumonia, and to provide theoretical reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. METHODS This retrospective analysis involved 54 patients with Gram-negative bacilli pneumonia admitted to intensive care unit of The General Hospital of the Northern Theater Command of the People's Liberation Army of China from August 2020 to June 2022. After bacteriological culture, the patients' airway secretions were collected to confirm the presence of Gram-negative bacilli. The patients were divided into the experimental and control groups according to the medication used. The research group consisted of 28 patients who received polymyxin sulfate combined with other drugs through intravenous, nebulization, or intravenous combined with nebulization, with a daily dosage of 1.5-3.0 million units. The control group consisted of 26 patients who received standard dosages of other antibiotics (including sulbactam sodium for injection, cefoperazone sodium sulbactam for injection, tigecycline, meropenem, or vaborbactam). RESULTS Of the 28 patients included in the research group, 26 patients showed improvement, treatment was ineffective for two patients, and one patient died, with the treatment efficacy rate of 92.82%. Of the 26 patients in the control group, 18 patients improved, treatment was ineffective for eight patients, and two patients died, with the treatment efficacy rate of 54.9%; significant difference was observed between the two groups (P < 0.05). The levels of white blood cell (WBC), procalcitonin (PCT), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in both groups were significantly lower after treatment than before treatment (P < 0.05), and the levels of WBC, PCT, and CRP in the research group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with before treatment, there were no significant changes in aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, and glomerular filtration rate in both groups, while total bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase decreased after treatment (P < 0.05) with no difference between the groups. In patients with good clinical outcomes, the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score was low when treated with inhaled polymyxin sulfate, and specific antibiotic treatment did not improve the outcome. Sepsis and septic shock as well as a low SOFA score were independent factors associated with good clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION Polymyxin sulfate has a significant effect on the treatment of patients with multiple drug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli pneumonia and other infections in the lungs and is safe and reliable. Moreover, the administration route of low-dose intravenous injection combined with nebulization shows better therapeutic effects and lower adverse reactions, providing new ideas for clinical administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Chang Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The General Hospital of the Northern Theater Command of the People's Liberation Army of China, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The General Hospital of the Northern Theater Command of the People's Liberation Army of China, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xue-Ying Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The General Hospital of the Northern Theater Command of the People's Liberation Army of China, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hai-Bo Wu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The General Hospital of the Northern Theater Command of the People's Liberation Army of China, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The General Hospital of the Northern Theater Command of the People's Liberation Army of China, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The General Hospital of the Northern Theater Command of the People's Liberation Army of China, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Na Lin
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The General Hospital of the Northern Theater Command of the People's Liberation Army of China, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The General Hospital of the Northern Theater Command of the People's Liberation Army of China, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ying-Hui Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The General Hospital of the Northern Theater Command of the People's Liberation Army of China, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China
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Sismova P, Sukkar I, Kolidentsev N, Palkovicova J, Chytilova I, Bardon J, Dolejska M, Nesporova K. Plasmid-mediated colistin resistance from fresh meat and slaughtered animals in the Czech Republic: nation-wide surveillance 2020-2021. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0060923. [PMID: 37698419 PMCID: PMC10580956 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00609-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in domestic and imported meat and slaughter animals in the Czech Republic during 2020-2021 by using selective cultivation and direct PCR testing. A total of 111 colistin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates with mcr-1 gene were obtained from 65 (9.9%, n = 659) samples and subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Isolates with mcr were frequently found in fresh meat from domestic production (14.2%) as well as from import (28.8%). The mcr-1-positive E. coli isolates predominantly originated from meat samples (16.6%), mainly poultry (27.1%), and only minor part of the isolates came from the cecum (1.7%). In contrast to selective cultivation, 205 (31.1%) samples of whole-community DNA were positive for at least one mcr variant, and other genes besides mcr-1 were detected. Analysis of whole-genome data of sequenced E. coli isolates revealed diverse sequence types (STs) including pathogenic lineages and dominance of ST1011 (15.6%) and ST162 (12.8%). Most isolates showed multidrug-resistant profile, and 9% of isolates produced clinically important beta-lactamases. The mcr-1 gene was predominantly located on one of three conjugative plasmids of IncX4 (83.5%), IncI2 (7.3%), and IncHI2 (7.3%) groups. Seventy-two percent isolates of several STs carried ColV plasmids. The study revealed high prevalence of mcr genes in fresh meat of slaughter animals. Our results confirmed previous assumptions that the livestock, especially poultry production, is an important source of colistin-resistant E. coli with the potential of transfer to humans via the food chain. IMPORTANCE We present the first data on nation-wide surveillance of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in the Czech Republic. High occurrence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance was found in meat samples, especially in poultry from both domestic production and import, while the presence of mcr genes was lower in the gut of slaughter animals. In contrast to culture-based approach, testing of whole-community DNA showed higher prevalence of mcr and presence of various mcr variants. Our results support the importance of combining cultivation methods with direct culture-independent techniques and highlight the need for harmonized surveillance of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance. Our study confirmed the importance of livestock as a major reservoir of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance and pointed out the risks of poultry meat for the transmission of mcr genes toward humans. We identified several mcr-associated prevalent STs, especially ST1011, which should be monitored further as they represent zoonotic bacteria circulating between different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Sismova
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Sukkar
- Central European Institute of Technology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nikita Kolidentsev
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Palkovicova
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jan Bardon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- State Veterinary Institute Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Dolejska
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Nesporova
- Central European Institute of Technology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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Anyanwu MU, Jaja IF, Okpala COR, Njoga EO, Okafor NA, Oguttu JW. Mobile Colistin Resistance ( mcr) Gene-Containing Organisms in Poultry Sector in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Epidemiology, Characteristics, and One Health Control Strategies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1117. [PMID: 37508213 PMCID: PMC10376608 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes (mcr-1 to mcr-10) are plasmid-encoded genes that threaten the clinical utility of colistin (COL), one of the highest-priority critically important antibiotics (HP-CIAs) used to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant bacteria in humans and animals. For more than six decades, COL has been used largely unregulated in the poultry sector in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and this has led to the development/spread of mcr gene-containing bacteria (MGCB). The prevalence rates of mcr-positive organisms from the poultry sector in LMICs between January 1970 and May 2023 range between 0.51% and 58.8%. Through horizontal gene transfer, conjugative plasmids possessing insertion sequences (ISs) (especially ISApl1), transposons (predominantly Tn6330), and integrons have enhanced the spread of mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, mcr-5, mcr-7, mcr-8, mcr-9, and mcr-10 in the poultry sector in LMICs. These genes are harboured by Escherichia, Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella, Cronobacter, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Shigella, Providencia, Aeromonas, Raoultella, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter species, belonging to diverse clones. The mcr-1, mcr-3, and mcr-10 genes have also been integrated into the chromosomes of these bacteria and are mobilizable by ISs and integrative conjugative elements. These bacteria often coexpress mcr with virulence genes and other genes conferring resistance to HP-CIAs, such as extended-spectrum cephalosporins, carbapenems, fosfomycin, fluoroquinolone, and tigecycline. The transmission routes and dynamics of MGCB from the poultry sector in LMICs within the One Health triad include contact with poultry birds, feed/drinking water, manure, poultry farmers and their farm workwear, farming equipment, the consumption and sale of contaminated poultry meat/egg and associated products, etc. The use of pre/probiotics and other non-antimicrobial alternatives in the raising of birds, the judicious use of non-critically important antibiotics for therapy, the banning of nontherapeutic COL use, improved vaccination, biosecurity, hand hygiene and sanitization, the development of rapid diagnostic test kits, and the intensified surveillance of mcr genes, among others, could effectively control the spread of MGCB from the poultry sector in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ishmael Festus Jaja
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Charles Odilichukwu R Okpala
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
- UGA Cooperative Extension, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Emmanuel Okechukwu Njoga
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 400001, Nigeria
| | | | - James Wabwire Oguttu
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, Florida Campus, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa
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Usman M, Rasool MH, Khurshid M, Aslam B, Baloch Z. Co-Occurrence of mcr-1 and Carbapenem Resistance in Avian Pathogenic E. coli Serogroup O78 ST95 from Colibacillosis-Infected Broiler Chickens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050812. [PMID: 37237715 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is responsible for significant economic losses in the poultry industry. This study aimed to molecularly detect carbapenem-resistant co-harboring mcr-1 avian pathogenic E. coli in broiler chickens infected with colibacillosis. A total of 750 samples were collected from colibacillosis-infected broilers, and conventional microbiological techniques were used to isolate and identify APEC. MALDI-TOF and virulence-associated genes (VAGs) were used for further identification. Phenotypic carbapenem resistance profiling was followed by molecular detection of carbapenem resistance genes (CRGs) and other resistance genes through PCR using specific primers. Isolates were also subjected to PCR for O typing, followed by allele-specific PCR to detect sequence type (ST) 95. Results showed that 154 (37%) isolates were confirmed as APEC, with 13 (8.4%) isolates found to be carbapenem-resistant (CR)-APEC. Among CR-APEC isolates, 5 (38%) were observed to co-harbor mcr-1. All CR-APEC showed the presence of five markers (ompT, hylF, iutA, iroN, and iss) APEC VAGs, and 89% of CR-APEC isolates displayed O78 type. Furthermore, 7 (54%) CR-APEC isolates were observed with ST95, all displaying O78 type. These results suggest that the improper use of antibiotics in poultry production systems is contributing to the emergence of pathogens such as CR-APEC co-harboring the mcr-1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hidayat Rasool
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Khurshid
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Aslam
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Zulqarnain Baloch
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
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Di Francesco A, Salvatore D, Sakhria S, Bertelloni F, Catelli E, Ben Yahia S, Tlatli A. Colistin Resistance Genes in Broiler Chickens in Tunisia. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081409. [PMID: 37106971 PMCID: PMC10135375 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colistin is a polymyxin antibiotic that has been used in veterinary medicine for decades, as a treatment for enterobacterial digestive infections as well as a prophylactic treatment and growth promoter in livestock animals, leading to the emergence and spread of colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria and to a great public health concern, considering that colistin is one of the last-resort antibiotics against multidrug-resistant deadly infections in clinical practice. Previous studies performed on livestock animals in Tunisia using culture-dependent methods highlighted the presence of colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. In the present survey, DNA extracted from cloacal swabs from 195 broiler chickens from six farms in Tunisia was tested via molecular methods for the ten mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) genes known so far. Of the 195 animals tested, 81 (41.5%) were mcr-1 positive. All the farms tested were positive, with a prevalence ranging from 13% to 93%. These results confirm the spread of colistin resistance in livestock animals in Tunisia and suggest that the investigation of antibiotic resistance genes by culture-independent methods could be a useful means of conducting epidemiological studies on the spread of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Di Francesco
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Salvatore
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sonia Sakhria
- Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | | | - Elena Catelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Salma Ben Yahia
- Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Aida Tlatli
- Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
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Ribeiro J, Silva V, Monteiro A, Vieira-Pinto M, Igrejas G, Reis FS, Barros L, Poeta P. Antibiotic Resistance among Gastrointestinal Bacteria in Broilers: A Review Focused on Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1362. [PMID: 37106925 PMCID: PMC10135345 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chickens can acquire bacteria at different stages, and bacterial diversity can occur due to production practices, diet, and environment. The changes in consumer trends have led to increased animal production, and chicken meat is one of the most consumed meats. To ensure high levels of production, antimicrobials have been used in livestock for therapeutic purposes, disease prevention, and growth promotion, contributing to the development of antimicrobial resistance across the resident microbiota. Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli are normal inhabitants of the gastrointestinal microbiota of chickens that can develop strains capable of causing a wide range of diseases, i.e., opportunistic pathogens. Enterococcus spp. isolated from broilers have shown resistance to at least seven classes of antibiotics, while E. coli have shown resistance to at least four. Furthermore, some clonal lineages, such as ST16, ST194, and ST195 in Enterococcus spp. and ST117 in E. coli, have been identified in humans and animals. These data suggest that consuming contaminated animal-source food, direct contact with animals, or environmental exposure can lead to the transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Therefore, this review focused on Enterococcus spp. and E. coli from the broiler industry to better understand how antibiotic-resistant strains have emerged, which antibiotic-resistant genes are most common, what clonal lineages are shared between broilers and humans, and their impact through a One Health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ribeiro
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisbon, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Silva
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisbon, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Andreia Monteiro
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Madalena Vieira-Pinto
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisbon, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Filipa S. Reis
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Benlabidi S, Raddaoui A, Lengliz S, Cheriet S, Hynds P, Achour W, Ghrairi T, Abbassi MS. Occurrence of High-Risk Clonal Lineages ST58, ST69, ST224, and ST410 among Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Healthy Free-Range Chickens ( Gallus gallus domesticus) in a Rural Region in Tunisia. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040875. [PMID: 37107633 PMCID: PMC10138121 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli isolates have emerged in various ecologic compartments and evolved to spread globally. We sought to (1.) investigate the occurrence of ESBL-producing E. coli (ESBL-Ec) in feces from free-range chickens in a rural region and (2.) characterize the genetic background of antimicrobial resistance and the genetic relatedness of collected isolates. Ninety-five feces swabs from free-range chickens associated with two households (House 1/House 2) in a rural region in northern Tunisia were collected. Samples were screened to recover ESBL-Ec, and collected isolates were characterized for phenotype/genotype of antimicrobial resistance, integrons, and molecular typing (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST)). Overall, 47 ESBL-Ec were identified, with the following genes detected: 35 blaCTX-M-1, 5 blaCTX-M-55, 5 blaCTX-M-15, 1 blaSHV-2, and 1 blaSHV-12. Resistance to fluoroquinolones, tetracycline, sulfonamides, and colistin was encoded by aac(6')-Ib-cr (n = 21), qnrB (n = 1), and qnrS (n = 2); tetA (n = 17)/tetB (n = 26); sul1 (n = 29)/sul2 (n = 18); and mcr-2 (n = 2) genes, respectively. PFGE and MLST identified genetic homogeneity of isolates in House 1; however, isolates from House 2 were heterogeneous. Notably, among nine identified sequence types, ST58, ST69, ST224, and ST410 belong to pandemic high-risk clonal lineages associated with extrapathogenic E. coli. Minor clones belonging to ST410 and ST471 were shared by chickens from both households. The virulence genes fyuA, fimH, papGIII, and iutA were detected in 35, 47, 17, and 23 isolates, respectively. Findings indicate a high occurrence of ESBL-Ec in free-range chickens and highlight the occurrence of pandemic zoonotic clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloua Benlabidi
- Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology Cellular Physiopathology and Biomolecule Valorisation LR18ES03, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Anis Raddaoui
- Laboratory Ward, National Bone Marrow Transplant Center, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Sana Lengliz
- Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Materials, Molecules and Application LR11ES22, Preparatory Institute for Scientific and Technical Studies, University of Carthage, Tunis 1054, Tunisia
| | - Sarah Cheriet
- Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology Cellular Physiopathology and Biomolecule Valorisation LR18ES03, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Paul Hynds
- Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute (ESHI), Technological University Dublin, D07 H6K8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Wafa Achour
- Laboratory Ward, National Bone Marrow Transplant Center, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Taoufik Ghrairi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology Cellular Physiopathology and Biomolecule Valorisation LR18ES03, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Salah Abbassi
- Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory 'Antimicrobial Resistance' LR18ES39, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
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Venne DM, Hartley DM, Malchione MD, Koch M, Britto AY, Goodman JL. Review and analysis of the overlapping threats of carbapenem and polymyxin resistant E. coli and Klebsiella in Africa. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2023; 12:29. [PMID: 37013626 PMCID: PMC10071777 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-023-01220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales are among the most serious antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threats. Emerging resistance to polymyxins raises the specter of untreatable infections. These resistant organisms have spread globally but, as indicated in WHO reports, the surveillance needed to identify and track them is insufficient, particularly in less resourced countries. This study employs comprehensive search strategies with data extraction, meta-analysis and mapping to help address gaps in the understanding of the risks of carbapenem and polymyxin resistance in the nations of Africa. METHODS Three comprehensive Boolean searches were constructed and utilized to query scientific and medical databases as well as grey literature sources through the end of 2019. Search results were screened to exclude irrelevant results and remaining studies were examined for relevant information regarding carbapenem and/or polymyxin(s) susceptibility and/or resistance amongst E. coli and Klebsiella isolates from humans. Such data and study characteristics were extracted and coded, and the resulting data was analyzed and geographically mapped. RESULTS Our analysis yielded 1341 reports documenting carbapenem resistance in 40 of 54 nations. Resistance among E. coli was estimated as high (> 5%) in 3, moderate (1-5%) in 8 and low (< 1%) in 14 nations with at least 100 representative isolates from 2010 to 2019, while present in 9 others with insufficient isolates to support estimates. Carbapenem resistance was generally higher among Klebsiella: high in 10 nations, moderate in 6, low in 6, and present in 11 with insufficient isolates for estimates. While much less information was available concerning polymyxins, we found 341 reports from 33 of 54 nations, documenting resistance in 23. Resistance among E. coli was high in 2 nations, moderate in 1 and low in 6, while present in 10 with insufficient isolates for estimates. Among Klebsiella, resistance was low in 8 nations and present in 8 with insufficient isolates for estimates. The most widespread associated genotypes were, for carbapenems, blaOXA-48, blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-181 and, for polymyxins, mcr-1, mgrB, and phoPQ/pmrAB. Overlapping carbapenem and polymyxin resistance was documented in 23 nations. CONCLUSIONS While numerous data gaps remain, these data show that significant carbapenem resistance is widespread in Africa and polymyxin resistance is also widely distributed, indicating the need to support robust AMR surveillance, antimicrobial stewardship and infection control in a manner that also addresses broader animal and environmental health dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Venne
- Center on Medical Product Access, Safety and Stewardship, Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - David M Hartley
- James M. Anderson Center for Health Systems Excellence, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Marissa D Malchione
- Center on Medical Product Access, Safety and Stewardship, Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
- Sabin Vaccine Institute, Influenza Vaccine Innovation, 2175 K St NW, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Michala Koch
- Center on Medical Product Access, Safety and Stewardship, Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Anjali Y Britto
- Center on Medical Product Access, Safety and Stewardship, Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Jesse L Goodman
- Center on Medical Product Access, Safety and Stewardship, Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
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Ehsan B, Haque A, Qasim M, Ali A, Sarwar Y. High prevalence of extensively drug resistant and extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs) producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from Faisalabad, Pakistan. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:132. [PMID: 36959469 PMCID: PMC10036249 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03565-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are predominantly caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli). There is rapid increase in antimicrobial resistance in UTIs, also declared as a serious health threat by World Health Organization (WHO). Present study was designed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance status with specific focus on ESBLs and carbapenemases in local uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) isolates. E. coli isolates were characterized from patients of all ages visiting diagnostic laboratories for urine examination. Demographic data was also recorded for each patient. Antibiograms were developed to observe antibiotic resistance in UPEC using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique. Double Disc Synergy test (DDST) was used for phenotypic ESBL test. ESBLs and carbapenemases genes were detected in UPEC using PCR. The PCR results were confirmed by sequencing. The UPEC isolates under study exhibited 78%, 77%, 74%, 72% and 55% resistance against cefotaxime, amoxicillin, erythromycin, ceftriaxone and cefixime, respectively. Resistance against colistin and meropenem was observed in 64% and 34% isolates, respectively. Phenotypic DDST identified 48% isolates as ESBLs producers. Genotypic characterization identified 70%, 74.4% and 49% prevalence of CTXM-1, TEM-1 and CTXM-15 genes respectively. One isolate was observed exhibiting co-existence of all ESBL genes. TEM-1 + CTXM-1 and TEM-1 + CTXM-1 + CTXM-15 + OXA-1 gene patterns were dominant among ESBLs. For carbapenem-resistance, 14% isolates indicated the presence of KPC whereas GES and VIM was detected in 7% and 3.4% isolates, respectively. In conclusion, our results present a high prevalence of extensively drug resistant UPEC isolates with a considerable percentage of ESBL producers. These findings propose the need of continuous surveillance for antimicrobial resistance and targeted antimicrobial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beenish Ehsan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asma Haque
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Ali
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences (PIEAS), National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C), Faisalabad & Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yasra Sarwar
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences (PIEAS), National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C), Faisalabad & Islamabad, Pakistan.
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11
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Bhattarai RK, Basnet HB, Dhakal IP, Alocilja EC. Virulence genes of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from commercial chicken in Nepal. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 95:101961. [PMID: 36870115 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.101961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Colibacillosis is the most common bacteriological disease in poultry. The purpose of this study was to determine the recovery rate of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strains, the distribution, prevalence of Escherichia coli Reference (ECOR) collection and virulence associated gene (VAG) in four types of chickens infected by colibacillosis. Commercial broilers and layers had the highest percentage of positive APEC isolates (91%). We confirmed the ECOR phylogroup including B1 and E for the first time in Nepal. The prevalences of these phylogroups among chicken types were significantly different (p < 0.001). Among 57 VAGs, the number of genes found per isolate ranged from 8 to 26, with the top 5 VAGs being fimH (100%), issa (92.2%), traTa (90.6%), sit chro. (86%), and ironEC (84.8%). We found significant differences in gene prevalence among the chicken types. The predominance of B1 and E, and the VAG patterns suggest considering ECOR phylogroup and VAGs while formulating strategies for the prevention and control of APEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebanta Kumar Bhattarai
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture and Forestry University, Nepal.
| | - Hom Bahadur Basnet
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture and Forestry University, Nepal.
| | - Ishwari Prasad Dhakal
- Department of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture and Forestry University, Nepal.
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12
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Dhaouadi S, Romdhani A, Bouglita W, Chedli S, Chaari S, Soufi L, Cherif A, Mnif W, Abbassi MS, Elandoulsi RB. High Biofilm-Forming Ability and Clonal Dissemination among Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates Recovered from Cows with Mastitis, Diarrheic Calves, and Chickens with Colibacillosis in Tunisia. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020299. [PMID: 36836656 PMCID: PMC9959077 DOI: 10.3390/life13020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the main etiological agents responsible for bovine mastitis (BM), neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD), and avian colibacillosis (AC). This study aimed to assess resistance and virulence genes content, biofilm-forming ability, phylogenetic groups, and genetic relatedness in E. coli isolates recovered from clinical cases of BM, NCD, and AC. MATERIALS/METHODS A total of 120 samples including samples of milk (n = 70) and feces (n = 50) from cows with BM and calves with NCD, respectively, were collected from different farms in Northern Tunisia. Bacterial isolation and identification were performed. Then, E. coli isolates were examined by disk diffusion and broth microdilution method for their antimicrobial susceptibility and biofilm-forming ability. PCR was used to detect antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), virulence genes (VGs), phylogenetic groups, and Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR) for their clonal relationship. RESULTS Among the 120 samples, 67 E. coli isolates (25 from BM, 22 from AC, and 20 from NCD) were collected. Overall, 83.6% of isolates were multidrug resistant. Thirty-six (53.73%) isolates were phenotypically colistin-resistant (CREC), 28.3% (19/67) were ESBL producers (ESBL-EC), and forty-nine (73.1%) formed biofilm. The blaTEM gene was found in 73.7% (14/19) of isolates from the three diseases, whilst the blaCTXM-g-1 gene was detected in 47.3% (9/19) of isolates, all from AC. The most common VG was the fimA gene (26/36, 72.2%), followed by aer (12/36, 33.3%), cnf1 (6/36, 16.6%), papC (4/36, 11.1%), and stx1 and stx2 genes (2/36; 5.5% for each). Phylogenetic analysis showed that isolates belonged to three groups: A (20/36; 55.5%), B2 (7/36; 19.4%), and D (6/36; 16.6%). Molecular typing by ERIC-PCR showed high genetic diversity of CREC and ESBL E. coli isolates from the three animal diseases and gave evidence of their clonal dissemination within farms in Tunisia. CONCLUSION The present study sheds new light on the biofilm-forming ability and clonality within CREC and ESBL-EC isolated from three different animal diseases in Tunisian farm animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Dhaouadi
- ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Amel Romdhani
- ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Wafa Bouglita
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Sidi Thabet, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Salsabil Chedli
- ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Soufiene Chaari
- MEDIVET, Immeuble les Mimosas, 159 Avenue de l’UMA, La Soukra 2036, Tunisia
| | - Leila Soufi
- ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Ameur Cherif
- ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Wissem Mnif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts in Balgarn, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 199, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (W.M.); (R.B.E.)
| | - Mohamed Salah Abbassi
- Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Bacteriological Research, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Ramzi Boubaker Elandoulsi
- ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
- Correspondence: (W.M.); (R.B.E.)
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13
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Ferjani S, Maamar E, Ferjani A, Meftah K, Battikh H, Mnif B, Hamdoun M, Chebbi Y, Kanzari L, Achour W, Bahri O, Hammami A, Zribi M, Smaoui H, Boubaker IBB. Tunisian Multicenter Study on the Prevalence of Colistin Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Gram Negative Bacilli: Emergence of Escherichia coli Harbouring the mcr-1 Gene. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11101390. [PMID: 36290048 PMCID: PMC9598684 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Actually, no data on the prevalence of plasmid colistin resistance in Tunisia are available among clinical bacteria. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the current epidemiology of colistin resistance and the spread of the mcr gene in clinical Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) isolated from six Tunisian university hospitals. Methods: A total of 836 GNB strains were inoculated on COL-R agar plates with selective screening agar for the isolation of GNB resistant to colistin. For the selected isolates, mcr genes, beta-lactamases associated-resistance genes and molecular characterisation were screened by PCRs and sequencing. Results: Colistin-resistance was detected in 5.02% (42/836) of the isolates and colistin-resistant isolates harboured an ESBL (blaCTX-M-15) and/or a carbapenemase (blaOXA-48, blaVIM) encoding gene in 45.2% of the cases. The mcr-1 gene was detected in four E. coli isolates (0.59%) causing urinary tract infections and all these isolates also contained the blaTEM-1 gene. The blaCTX-M-15 gene was detected in three isolates that also carried the IncY and IncFIB replicons. The genetic environment surrounding the mcr-carrying plasmid indicated the presence of pap-2 gene upstream mcr-1 resistance marker with unusual missing of ISApl1 insertion sequence. The Conclusions: This study reports the first description of the mcr-1 gene among clinical E. coli isolates in Tunisia and provides an incentive to conduct routine colistin susceptibility testing in GNB clinical isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ferjani
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, LR99ES09, Tunis Rue Djebal Lakhdar 1006, Tunisia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +216-515-47301
| | - Elaa Maamar
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, LR99ES09, Tunis Rue Djebal Lakhdar 1006, Tunisia
| | - Asma Ferjani
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, LR99ES09, Tunis Rue Djebal Lakhdar 1006, Tunisia
- Charles Nicolle Hospital, Laboratory of Microbiology, Boulevard 9 April, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Khaoula Meftah
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Children’s Hospital of Tunis, Boulevard 9 April, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Hager Battikh
- Microbiology Laboratory, Rabta University Hospital, Rue Jabbari, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Besma Mnif
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Route de l’Ain, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory for Microorganisms and Human Disease, University of Sfax, Avenue Majida Boulila, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Manel Hamdoun
- Aziza Othmana Hospital, Laboratoire de Microbiologie-Biochimie, Bab Menara Tunis 1008, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, LR16SP01, Tunis Rue Djebal Lakhdar 1006, Tunisia
| | - Yosra Chebbi
- National Bone Marrow Transplant Center, Laboratory Ward, Tunis Rue Djebal Lakhdar 1006, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, LR18ES39, Tunis Rue Djebal Lakhdar 1006, Tunisia
| | - Lamia Kanzari
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, LR99ES09, Tunis Rue Djebal Lakhdar 1006, Tunisia
- Charles Nicolle Hospital, Laboratory of Microbiology, Boulevard 9 April, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Wafa Achour
- National Bone Marrow Transplant Center, Laboratory Ward, Tunis Rue Djebal Lakhdar 1006, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, LR18ES39, Tunis Rue Djebal Lakhdar 1006, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Bahri
- Aziza Othmana Hospital, Laboratoire de Microbiologie-Biochimie, Bab Menara Tunis 1008, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, LR16SP01, Tunis Rue Djebal Lakhdar 1006, Tunisia
| | - Adenene Hammami
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Route de l’Ain, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory for Microorganisms and Human Disease, University of Sfax, Avenue Majida Boulila, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Meriam Zribi
- Microbiology Laboratory, Rabta University Hospital, Rue Jabbari, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Hanen Smaoui
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Children’s Hospital of Tunis, Boulevard 9 April, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Ilhem Boutiba-Ben Boubaker
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, LR99ES09, Tunis Rue Djebal Lakhdar 1006, Tunisia
- Charles Nicolle Hospital, Laboratory of Microbiology, Boulevard 9 April, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
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Genetic Diversity of Escherichia coli Coharboring mcr-1 and Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases from Poultry. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8224883. [PMID: 36246985 PMCID: PMC9556198 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8224883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. The emergence of resistance to beta-lactam agents in poultry results in multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes in Escherichia coli isolates from poultry birds. The appearance of mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes in the poultry sector has further worsened the situation. Therefore, the current study is aimed at investigating the molecular epidemiology of mcr harboring colistin-resistant E. coli among poultry. Methods. The isolation and identification of colistin-resistant E. coli (CR-Ec) were done from the broiler’s fecal samples through culturing using selective media supplemented with colistin sulfate (4 μg/ml). The antibiogram studies of the isolates were performed using the disc diffusion method and broth microdilution method as per CLSI guidelines. The screening for the genes conferring resistance to colistin as well as beta-lactam agents was performed by PCR. The genetic diversity of mcr-positive strains was assessed by multilocus sequencing typing (MLST). Results. Out of 500 fecal samples, 7% (35/500) were found positive for the presence of colistin-resistant E. coli (CR-Ec). Among the CR-Ec isolates, 74.28% (26/35) were detected as ESBL producers carrying the blaCTX-M-1 gene in 15/35 (42.85%) isolates and blaCTX-M-15 and blaTEM genes in 21/35 (60%) and 35/35 (100%) isolates, respectively. E. coli isolates were found positive for the presence of mcr-1, although none of the isolates exhibited the mcr-2 or mcr-3 genes. The MLST of CR-Ec has shown the ST1035 as the most prevalent genotype, while 82.85% (29/35) of CR-Ec strains belonged to clonal complex (CC) 131 comprising ST1035, ST131, ST1215, ST1650, and ST2279. Conclusions. The findings suggest a continuous monitoring system in veterinary and clinical settings to avoid unnecessary antibiotics. Further studies are needed at the national level to help control the increasing resistance among Enterobacterales in poultry settings.
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Hassen B, Hammami S, Hassen A, Abbassi MS. Molecular mechanisms and clonal lineages of colistin-resistant bacteria across the African continent: A scoping review. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:1390-1422. [PMID: 36000241 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Colistin (also known as Polymyxin E), a polymyxin antibiotic discovered in the late 1940s, has recently reemerged as a last-line treatment option for multidrug-resistant infections. However, in recent years, colistin-resistant pathogenic bacteria have been increasingly reported worldwide. Accordingly, the presented review was undertaken to identify, integrate and synthesize current information regarding the detection and transmission of colistin-resistant bacteria across the African continent, in addition to elucidating their molecular mechanisms of resistance. PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct were employed for study identification, screening and extraction. Overall, based on the developed literature review protocol and associated inclusion/exclusion criteria, 80 studies published between 2000 and 2021 were included comprising varying bacterial species and hosts. Numerous mechanisms of colistin resistance were reported, including chromosomal mutation(s) and transferable plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (encoded by mcr genes). Perhaps unexpectedly, mcr-variants have exhibited rapid emergence and spread across most African regions. The genetic variant mcr-1 is predominant in humans, animals, and the natural environment, and is primarily carried by IncHI2- type plasmid. The highest numbers of studies reporting the dissemination of colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria were conducted in the North African region.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hassen
- University of Tunis El Manar, Laboratory of Bacteriological Research, Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, 20 street Jebel Lakhdhar, Bab Saadoun, Tunis, 1006, Tunisia
| | - S Hammami
- University of Manouba, IRESA, School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi-Thabet, Ariana, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - A Hassen
- Laboratoire de Traitement et de Valorisation des rejets hydriques, Centre des Recherches et des Technologies des Eaux (CERTE), Technopole Borj-Cédria, BP, 273, 8020, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - M S Abbassi
- University of Tunis El Manar, Laboratory of Bacteriological Research, Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, 20 street Jebel Lakhdhar, Bab Saadoun, Tunis, 1006, Tunisia.,University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty de Medicine of Tunis, Laboratory of antibiotic resistance LR99ES09, Tunis, Tunisia
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Worldwide Prevalence of mcr-mediated Colistin-Resistance Escherichia coli in Isolates of Clinical Samples, Healthy Humans, and Livestock-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11060659. [PMID: 35745513 PMCID: PMC9230117 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a serious public-health problem throughout the world. Escherichia coli, the most common Gram-negative microorganism, has developed different resistance mechanisms, making treating infections difficult. Colistin is considered a last-resort drug in the treatment of infections caused by E. coli. Plasmid-mediated mobile-colistin-resistant (mcr) genes in E. coli, now disseminated globally, are considered a major public-health threat. Humans, chickens, and pigs are the main reservoirs for E. coli and the sources of antibiotic resistance. Hence, an up-to-date and precise estimate of the global prevalence of mcr resistance genes in these reservoirs is necessary to understand more precisely the worldwide spread and to more effectively implement control and prevention strategies. Methodology: Publications were identified in the PubMed database on the basis of the PRISMA guidelines. English full-text articles were selected from December 2014 to March 2021. Descriptive statistics and a meta-analysis were performed in Excel and R software, respectively. Colistin resistance was defined as the molecular-genetic detection of the mcr genes. The crude and estimated prevalence were calculated for each host and continent. The studies were divided into two groups; community-based when they involved isolates from healthy humans, chickens, or pigs, and clinical studies when they involved only hospital, outpatient, or laboratory isolates. Results: A total of 1278 studies were identified and 218 were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis, divided into community studies (159 studies) and clinical studies (59 studies). The general prevalence of mcr-mediated colistin-resistant E. coli (mcrMCRE) was 6.51% (n = 11,583/177,720), reported in 54 countries and on five continents; Asia with 119 studies followed by Europe with 61 studies registered the most articles. Asia reported the major diversity of mcr-variants (eight of nine, except mcr-2). Worldwide, chickens and pigs proved to be the principal reservoir of mcr with an estimated prevalence of 15.8% and 14.9%, respectively. Healthy humans and clinical isolates showed a lower prevalence with 7.4% and 4.2% respectively. Conclusions: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the worldwide prevalence of mcr in E. coli isolated from healthy humans, chickens, and pigs was investigated. A wide prevalence and distribution of mcr genes was demonstrated on all continents in E. coli isolates from the selected reservoirs. Understanding the epidemiology and occurrence in the reservoirs of mcr in E. coli on different continents of the world facilitates tracing how mcr genes are transmitted and determining the infection risks for humans. This knowledge can be used to reduce the incidence of zoonotic transmission by implementing the appropriate control programs.
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Sadek M, Ortiz de la Rosa JM, Ramadan M, Nordmann P, Poirel L. Molecular Characterization of Extended-Spectrum ß-lactamase Producers, Carbapenemase Producers, Polymyxin-Resistant, and Fosfomycin-Resistant Enterobacterales Among Pigs from Egypt. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2022; 30:81-87. [PMID: 35667645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2022.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To perform the first prospective surveillance evaluating the occurrence of genes encoding colistin resistance, fosfomycin resistance, carbapenemase or extended-spectrum ß-lactamases (ESBLs) among Enterobacterial isolates recovered from the gut flora of pigs from Egypt. METHODS Between February and April 2020, eighty-one rectal swabs were collected from pigs in a slaughterhouse, Cairo, Egypt. Samples were screened for different resistance mechanisms using SuperPolymyxin, ChromID ESBL, SuperFOS, SuperCarba selective agar plates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for all isolates using disk diffusion and broth microdilution techniques. PCR screening was performed for ESBLs, carbapenemases, mcr, and fosA genes. Mating-out assays, multilocus sequence typing analysis and plasmid typing were also performed. RESULTS A high prevalence of ESBLs, carbapenemases, fosfomycin and colistin resistance genes was evidenced among those isolates. The predominant ESBL identified was blaCTX-M-15, followed by blaCTX-M-9. We also identified blaNDM-5 and blaOXA-244. fosA3, fosA4, and fosA6 were identified in E. coli isolates. In addition, eleven MCR-1 producers were recovered. Notably, co-occurrence of ESBL genes and mcr or fosA genes was observed. MLST analysis revealed a high clonal diversity, ruling out the dissemination of one major clone. IncFIB-type was predominantly present among ESBL- and FosA-producers. The blaNDM-5 gene was carried on an IncX4-type, although the blaOXA-244 gene was chromosomally located. The mcr-1 gene was carried on a diversity of plasmids (IncI2, IncX4, and IncHI2). CONCLUSIONS These results raise serious public health concerns as Egyptian pig meat could serve as a reservoir for the antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) leading to worldwide dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Sadek
- Medical and Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt; INSERM European Unit (IAME), University of Fribourg, Fribourg
| | - José Manuel Ortiz de la Rosa
- Medical and Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; INSERM European Unit (IAME), University of Fribourg, Fribourg
| | | | - Patrice Nordmann
- Medical and Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; INSERM European Unit (IAME), University of Fribourg, Fribourg; Swiss National Reference Center for Emerging Antibiotic Resistance (NARA), University of Fribourg, Fribourg; Institute for Microbiology, University of Lausanne and University Hospital Centre, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Poirel
- Medical and Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; INSERM European Unit (IAME), University of Fribourg, Fribourg; Swiss National Reference Center for Emerging Antibiotic Resistance (NARA), University of Fribourg, Fribourg.
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Conjugative transfer of mcr-1-bearing plasmid from Salmonella to Escherichia coli in vitro on chicken meat and in mouse gut. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Clonal Dissemination of Plasmid-Mediated Carbapenem and Colistin Resistance in Refugees Living in Overcrowded Camps in North Lebanon. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10121478. [PMID: 34943690 PMCID: PMC8698793 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem and colistin-resistant bacteria represent a global public health problem. Refugees carrying these bacteria and living in inadequate shelters can spread these microorganisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the intestinal carriage of these bacteria in Syrian refugees in Lebanon. Between June and July 2019, 250 rectal swabs were collected from two refugee camps in North Lebanon. Swabs were cultured on different selective media. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method. Carbapenemase-encoding genes and mcr genes were investigated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Epidemiological relatedness was studied using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). From 250 rectal swabs, 16 carbapenem-resistant, 5 colistin-resistant, and 4 colistin and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae were isolated. The isolates exhibited multidrug-resistant phenotypes. Seven Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates harboured the blaOXA-48 gene, and in addition four K. pneumoniae had mutations in the two component systems pmrA/pmrB, phoP/phoQ and co-harboured the blaNDM-1 gene. Moreover, the blaNDM-1 gene was detected in six Escherichia coli and three Enterobacter cloacae isolates. The remaining five E. coli isolates harboured the mcr-1 gene. MLST results showed several sequence types, with a remarkable clonal dissemination. An urgent strategy needs to be adopted in order to avoid the spread of such resistance in highly crowded underserved communities.
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Valiakos G, Kapna I. Colistin Resistant mcr Genes Prevalence in Livestock Animals (Swine, Bovine, Poultry) from a Multinational Perspective. A Systematic Review. Vet Sci 2021; 8:265. [PMID: 34822638 PMCID: PMC8619609 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8110265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review is to collect and present the results of relevant studies on an international level, on the subject of colistin resistance due to mcr genes prevalence in livestock animals. After a literature search, and using PRISMA guidelines principles, a total of 40 swine, 16 bovine and 31 poultry studies were collected concerning mcr-1 gene; five swine, three bovine and three poultry studies referred to mcr-2 gene; eight swine, one bovine, two poultry studies were about mcr-3 gene; six swine, one bovine and one poultry manuscript studied mcr-4 gene; five swine manuscripts studied mcr-5 gene; one swine manuscript was about mcr-6, mcr-7, mcr-8, mcr-9 genes and one poultry study about mcr-10 gene was found. Information about colistin resistance in bacteria derived from animals and animal product foods is still considered limited and that should be continually enhanced; most of the information about clinical isolates are relative to enteropathogens Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. This review demonstrates the widespread dispersion of mcr genes to livestock animals, indicating the need to further increase measures to control this important threat for public health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Valiakos
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece;
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Jouini A, Klibi A, Elarbi I, Chaabene MB, Hamrouni S, Souiai O, Hanachi M, Ghram A, Maaroufi A. First Detection of Human ST131-CTX-M-15-O25-B2 Clone and High-Risk Clonal Lineages of ESBL/pAmpC-Producing E. coli Isolates from Diarrheic Poultry in Tunisia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060670. [PMID: 34199696 PMCID: PMC8229138 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulation of a multi-resistance clone of bacteria associated with genetic elements in diseased animals constitutes a global public health problem. Our study focused on the characterization of the support of ESBL in cefotaxime resistant E. coli (CTXR) isolates recovered from poultry with diarrhea, analysis of their clonal lineage, and virulence-associated genes. The study was carried out on 130 samples of chickens with diarrhea, collected in 2015 from poultry farms in Tunisia. Isolates of 20 CTXR E. coli strains were identified as ESBL and AmpC β- lactamase producers. The following β-lactamase genes (number of isolates) were detected: blaCTX-M-15+ blaOXA1 (4), blaCTX-M-15 + blaOXA1 + blaTEM-1b (2), blaCTX-M-1 + blaTEM-1b (9), blaCTX-M-1 (2), blaCMY2 + blaTEM-1b (3). Six E. coli harboring blaCTXM-15 were allocated to ST131-B2-O25b-; six and three blaCTX-M-1 were grouped in ST155, ST10, and ST58, respectively, related to the phylogroup D and A. The qnrB gene, the variant aac(6')-Ib-cr, and the class 1 integrons with different gene cassettes, were detected amongst our 20 isolated strains, which were classified as ExPEC and aEPEC. Our findings highlighted the emergence of the human pandemic ST131-CTX-M-15-O25-B2 clone and the high risk of such clonal lineage strains in diarrheic poultry, in Tunisia, which could constitute a risk of their transfer to healthy animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlem Jouini
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (A.K.); (I.E.); (M.B.C.); (S.H.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +216-71-783-022
| | - Amira Klibi
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (A.K.); (I.E.); (M.B.C.); (S.H.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Imen Elarbi
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (A.K.); (I.E.); (M.B.C.); (S.H.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Meriem Ben Chaabene
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (A.K.); (I.E.); (M.B.C.); (S.H.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Safa Hamrouni
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (A.K.); (I.E.); (M.B.C.); (S.H.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Oussema Souiai
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Biomathematics and Biostatistics-LR16IPT09, Institute Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (O.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Mariem Hanachi
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Biomathematics and Biostatistics-LR16IPT09, Institute Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (O.S.); (M.H.)
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna-Bizerte 7021, Tunisia
| | - Abdeljelil Ghram
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (A.K.); (I.E.); (M.B.C.); (S.H.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Abderrazak Maaroufi
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (A.K.); (I.E.); (M.B.C.); (S.H.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
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Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC): An Overview of Virulence and Pathogenesis Factors, Zoonotic Potential, and Control Strategies. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10040467. [PMID: 33921518 PMCID: PMC8069529 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10040467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes colibacillosis in avian species, and recent reports have suggested APEC as a potential foodborne zoonotic pathogen. Herein, we discuss the virulence and pathogenesis factors of APEC, review the zoonotic potential, provide the current status of antibiotic resistance and progress in vaccine development, and summarize the alternative control measures being investigated. In addition to the known virulence factors, several other factors including quorum sensing system, secretion systems, two-component systems, transcriptional regulators, and genes associated with metabolism also contribute to APEC pathogenesis. The clear understanding of these factors will help in developing new effective treatments. The APEC isolates (particularly belonging to ST95 and ST131 or O1, O2, and O18) have genetic similarities and commonalities in virulence genes with human uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) and neonatal meningitis E. coli (NMEC) and abilities to cause urinary tract infections and meningitis in humans. Therefore, the zoonotic potential of APEC cannot be undervalued. APEC resistance to almost all classes of antibiotics, including carbapenems, has been already reported. There is a need for an effective APEC vaccine that can provide protection against diverse APEC serotypes. Alternative therapies, especially the virulence inhibitors, can provide a novel solution with less likelihood of developing resistance.
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Draft Genome Sequence of a Polymyxin-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Strain Carrying mcr-8.1 and bla NDM-5. Microbiol Resour Announc 2021; 10:10/12/e01224-20. [PMID: 33766905 PMCID: PMC7996464 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01224-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is a major threat to global health. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of a Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical strain carrying mcr-8.1 and blaNDM-5. Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is a major threat to global health. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of a Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical strain carrying mcr-8.1 and blaNDM-5.
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Anyanwu MU, Okpala COR, Chah KF, Shoyinka VS. Prevalence and Traits of Mobile Colistin Resistance Gene Harbouring Isolates from Different Ecosystems in Africa. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6630379. [PMID: 33553426 PMCID: PMC7847340 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6630379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mobile colistin resistance (mcr) gene threatens the efficacy of colistin (COL), a last-line antibiotic used in treating deadly infections. For more than six decades, COL is used in livestock around the globe, including Africa. The use of critically important antimicrobial agents, like COL, is largely unregulated in Africa, and many other factors militate against effective antimicrobial stewardship in the continent. Currently, ten mcr genes (mcr-1 to mcr-10) have been described. In Africa, mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-5, mcr-8, and mcr-9 have been detected in isolates from humans, animals, foods of animal origin, and the environment. These genes are harboured by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Alcaligenes, and Acinetobacter baumannii isolates. Different conjugative and nonconjugative plasmids form the backbone for mcr in these isolates; however, mcr-1 and mcr-3 have also been integrated into the chromosome of some African strains. Insertion sequences (ISs) (especially ISApl1), either located upstream or downstream of mcr, class 1 integrons, and transposons, are drivers of mcr in Africa. Genes coding multi/extensive drug resistance and virulence are colocated with mcr on plasmids in African strains. Transmission of mcr to/among African strains is nonclonal. Contact with mcr-habouring reservoirs, the consumption of contaminated foods of animal/plant origin or fluid, animal-/plant-based food trade and travel serve as exportation, importation, and transmission routes of mcr gene-containing bacteria in Africa. Herein, the current status of plasmid-mediated COL resistance in humans, food-producing animals, foods of animal origin, and environment in Africa is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madubuike Umunna Anyanwu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 400001, Nigeria
| | - Charles Odilichukwu R. Okpala
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kennedy Foinkfu Chah
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 400001, Nigeria
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Sadek M, Ortiz de la Rosa JM, Abdelfattah Maky M, Korashe Dandrawy M, Nordmann P, Poirel L. Genomic Features of MCR-1 and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales from Retail Raw Chicken in Egypt. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9010195. [PMID: 33477851 PMCID: PMC7832903 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Colistin is considered as a last resort agent for treatment of severe infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE). Recently, plasmid-mediated colistin resistance genes (mcr type) have been reported, mainly corresponding to mcr-1 producers. Those mcr-1-positive Enterobacterales have been identified not only from human isolates, but also from food samples, from animal specimens and from environmental samples in various parts of the world. Our study focused on the occurrence and characterization of mcr-1-positive Enterobacterales recovered from retail raw chicken in Egypt. From the 345 retail chicken carcasses collected, a total of 20 samples allowed to recover mcr-1-positive isolates (Escherichia coli, n = 19; Citrobacter freundii, n = 1). No mcr-2- to mcr-10-positive isolate was identified from those samples. The colistin resistance trait was confirmed for all those 20 isolates with a positivity of the Rapid Polymyxin NP (Nordmann-Poirel) test. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of colistin for all MCR-1-producing isolates ranged between 4 and 16 μg/mL. Noticeably, 9 out of the 20 mcr-1-positive isolates produced an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), respectively producing CTX-M-9 (n = 2), CTX-M-14 (n = 4), CTX-M-15 (n = 2), and SHV-12 (n = 1). Noteworthy, the fosA4 gene encoding resistance to fosfomycin was found in a single mcr-1-positive E. coli isolate, in which both genes were located on different conjugative plasmids. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns were identified, corresponding to 10 different sequence types (STs), highlighting the genetic diversity of those different E. coli. Whole-genome sequencing revealed three major types of mcr-1-bearing plasmids, corresponding to IncI2, IncX4, and IncHI2 scaffolds. The occurrence of MCR-1-producing multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales in retail raw chicken is of great concern, considering the possibility of transmission to humans through the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Sadek
- Medical and Molecular Microbiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (M.S.); (J.M.O.d.l.R.); (P.N.)
- INSERM European Unit (IAME, France), University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83522, Egypt; (M.A.M.); (M.K.D.)
| | - José Manuel Ortiz de la Rosa
- Medical and Molecular Microbiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (M.S.); (J.M.O.d.l.R.); (P.N.)
- INSERM European Unit (IAME, France), University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Abdelfattah Maky
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83522, Egypt; (M.A.M.); (M.K.D.)
| | - Mohamed Korashe Dandrawy
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83522, Egypt; (M.A.M.); (M.K.D.)
| | - Patrice Nordmann
- Medical and Molecular Microbiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (M.S.); (J.M.O.d.l.R.); (P.N.)
- INSERM European Unit (IAME, France), University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Swiss National Reference Center for Emerging Antibiotic Resistance (NARA), University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Lausanne and University Hospital Centre, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Poirel
- Medical and Molecular Microbiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (M.S.); (J.M.O.d.l.R.); (P.N.)
- INSERM European Unit (IAME, France), University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Swiss National Reference Center for Emerging Antibiotic Resistance (NARA), University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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Touati A, Mairi A. Plasmid-Determined Colistin Resistance in the North African Countries: A Systematic Review. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 27:121-133. [PMID: 32522081 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We have conducted a systematic review to update available information on plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (mobilized colistin resistance [mcr]) genes in North African countries. We have searched the articles of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases reporting plasmid-mediated colistin resistance bacteria isolated in North African countries. After searching and selection, 30 studies that included 208 mcr-positive isolates were included. Different mcr-positive strains frequencies were recorded and ranged from 2% in clinical isolates to 12.3% in environmental samples. Escherichia coli was the predominant species recorded and these microorganisms showed high resistance to ciprofloxacin and cotrimoxazole. IncHI2 plasmids are probably the key vectors responsible for the dissemination of mcr genes in these countries. This review highlighted that the mcr-positive isolates are circulating in different ecological niches with different frequencies. Therefore, actions should be implemented to prevent the dissemination of the mcr genes within and outside of these countries, such as microbiological and molecular surveillance programs and restriction use of colistin in farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Touati
- Microbiology Department, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Assia Mairi
- Microbiology Department, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algérie
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