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Baudry K, Monachello D, Castandet B, Majeran W, Lurin C. Dissecting the molecular puzzle of the editosome core in Arabidopsis organelles. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 344:112101. [PMID: 38640972 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the composition of the C-to-U RNA editing complex in embryophyte organelles has turned out to be much more complex than first expected. While PPR proteins were initially thought to act alone, significant evidences have clearly depicted a sophisticated mechanism with numerous protein-protein interaction involving PPR and non-PPR proteins. Moreover, the identification of specific functional partnership between PPRs also suggests that, in addition to the highly specific PPRs directly involved in the RNA target recognition, non-RNA-specific ones are required. Although some of them, such as DYW1 and DYW2, were shown to be the catalytic domains of the editing complex, the molecular function of others, such as NUWA, remains elusive. It was suggested that they might stabilize the complex by acting as a scaffold. We here performed functional complementation of the crr28-2 mutant with truncated CRR28 proteins mimicking PPR without the catalytic domain and show that they exhibit a specific dependency to one of the catalytic proteins DYW1 or DYW2. Moreover, we also characterized the role of the PPR NUWA in the editing reaction and show that it likely acts as a scaffolding factor. NUWA is no longer required for efficient editing of the CLB19 editing sites once this RNA specific PPR is fused to the DYW catalytic domain of its partner DYW2. Altogether, our results strongly support a flexible, evolutive and resilient editing complex in which RNA binding activity, editing activity and stabilization/scaffolding function can be provided by one or more PPRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Baudry
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette 91190, France; Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette 91190, France.
| | - Dario Monachello
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette 91190, France; Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette 91190, France
| | - Benoît Castandet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette 91190, France; Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette 91190, France
| | - Wojciech Majeran
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette 91190, France; Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette 91190, France
| | - Claire Lurin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette 91190, France; Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette 91190, France.
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2
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Sayyed A, Chen B, Wang Y, Cao SK, Tan BC. PPR596 Is Required for nad2 Intron Splicing and Complex I Biogenesis in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3542. [PMID: 38542518 PMCID: PMC10971677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles that generate energy via oxidative phosphorylation. Plant mitochondrial genome encodes some of the respiratory complex subunits, and these transcripts require accurate processing, including C-to-U RNA editing and intron splicing. Pentatricopeptide repeats (PPR) proteins are involved in various organellar RNA processing events. PPR596, a P-type PPR protein, was previously identified to function in the C-to-U editing of mitochondrial rps3 transcripts in Arabidopsis. Here, we demonstrate that PPR596 functions in the cis-splicing of nad2 intron 3 in mitochondria. Loss of the PPR596 function affects the editing at rps3eU1344SS, impairs nad2 intron 3 splicing and reduces the mitochondrial complex I's assembly and activity, while inducing alternative oxidase (AOX) gene expression. This defect in nad2 intron splicing provides a plausible explanation for the slow growth of the ppr595 mutants. Although a few P-type PPR proteins are involved in RNA C-to-U editing, our results suggest that the primary function of PPR596 is intron splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bao-Cai Tan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (A.S.); (B.C.); (Y.W.); (S.-K.C.)
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3
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Li X, Jiang Y. Research Progress of Group II Intron Splicing Factors in Land Plant Mitochondria. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:176. [PMID: 38397166 PMCID: PMC10887915 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are important organelles that provide energy for the life of cells. Group II introns are usually found in the mitochondrial genes of land plants. Correct splicing of group II introns is critical to mitochondrial gene expression, mitochondrial biological function, and plant growth and development. Ancestral group II introns are self-splicing ribozymes that can catalyze their own removal from pre-RNAs, while group II introns in land plant mitochondria went through degenerations in RNA structures, and thus they lost the ability to self-splice. Instead, splicing of these introns in the mitochondria of land plants is promoted by nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded proteins. Many proteins involved in mitochondrial group II intron splicing have been characterized in land plants to date. Here, we present a summary of research progress on mitochondrial group II intron splicing in land plants, with a major focus on protein splicing factors and their probable functions on the splicing of mitochondrial group II introns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yueshui Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China;
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Park G, Shahwar D, Jang G, Shin J, Kwon G, Kim Y, Hong CO, Jin B, Kim H, Lee O, Park Y. Identification of a novel locus C2 controlling canary yellow flesh color in watermelons. Front Genet 2023; 14:1256627. [PMID: 37795242 PMCID: PMC10545963 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1256627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The flesh color of watermelon is an important trait that is determined by carotenoid composition and affects consumers' fruit desirability. Although a complete dominant control by C locus (Cllcyb) for canary yellow flesh (CY) over red flesh has been reported, red and CY colors frequently appear as a mixed pattern in the same flesh (incomplete canary yellow, ICY) in F1 and inbred lines carrying dominant C alleles. Therefore, we examined the genetic control of the mixed color pattern in ICY using whole-genome resequencing of three ICY (ICY group) and three CY inbred lines (CY group), as well as genetic linkage mapping of an F2 population. The segregation pattern in 135 F2 plants indicated that CY is controlled by a single locus (named C 2) dominant over ICY. The whole-genome resequencing of ICY and CY inbred lines revealed an ICY/CY-specific region of approximately 27.60-27.88 Mb on Chr. 2 that was polymorphic between the ICY and CY groups. Our genetic map, using nine cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence markers developed based on the single-nucleotide polymorphisms from the ICY/CY-specific region, confirmed that C 2 is located on Chr. 2 and cosegregated with the marker (M7) derived from a non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism of the pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) gene (ClPPR, Cla97C02G039880). Additionally, 27 watermelon inbred lines of ICY, CY, and red flesh were evaluated using previously reported Cllcyb (C locus)-based markers and our C 2 locus-linked ClPPR-based marker (M7). As a result, dominant alleles at the C 2 locus were required to produce CY, in addition to dominant alleles at the C locus, while a recessive homozygous genotype at the C locus gave the red flesh irrespective of the genotype at the C 2 locus. Using a ClPPR-based cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence developed in this study and Cllcyb-based markers, watermelon cultivars with CY, ICY, and red flesh could be successfully discerned, implying that the combined use of these markers will be efficient for marker-assisted selection of flesh color in watermelon breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girim Park
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Durre Shahwar
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Gaeun Jang
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jagyeong Shin
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Gibeom Kwon
- Partner Seeds Co., Ltd., Gimje, Republic of Korea
| | - Younjae Kim
- Partner Seeds Co., Ltd., Gimje, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Oh Hong
- Department of Life Science and Environmental Biochemistry, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Bingkui Jin
- UNELL Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Weifang, China
| | - Hoytaek Kim
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Oakjin Lee
- National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Park
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
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Ma X, Wang D, Xue G, Zheng X, Lu Y, Shi J, Hao Z, Chen J. Characterization of the Liriodendron chinense Pentatricopeptide Repeat (PPR) Gene Family and Its Role in Osmotic Stress Response. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1125. [PMID: 37372305 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) superfamily is a large gene family in plants that regulates organelle RNA metabolism, which is important for plant growth and development. However, a genome-wide analysis of the PPR gene family and its response to abiotic stress has not been reported for the relict woody plant Liriodendron chinense. In this paper, we identified 650 PPR genes from the L. chinense genome. A phylogenetic analysis showed that the LcPPR genes could roughly be divided into the P and PLS subfamilies. We found that 598 LcPPR genes were widely distributed across 19 chromosomes. An intraspecies synteny analysis indicated that duplicated genes from segmental duplication contributed to the expansion of the LcPPR gene family in the L. chinense genome. In addition, we verified the relative expression of Lchi03277, Lchi06624, Lchi18566, and Lchi23489 in the roots, stems, and leaves and found that all four genes had the highest expression in the leaves. By simulating a drought treatment and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis, we confirmed the drought-responsive transcriptional changes in four LcPPR genes, two of which responded to drought stress independent of endogenous ABA biosynthesis. Thus, our study provides a comprehensive analysis of the L. chinense PPR gene family. It contributes to research into their roles in this valuable tree species' growth, development, and stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Guoxia Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xueyan Zheng
- National Germplasm Bank of Chinese Fir at Fujian Yangkou Forest Farm, Shunchang 353211, China
| | - Ye Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jisen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhaodong Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jinhui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Liu S, Liu M, Cao Y, Xu Y, Liu H, Zhu Q, Zhang X, Luan F. Identification of chromosome region and candidate genes for canary-yellow flesh (Cyf) locus in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 329:111594. [PMID: 36642105 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Genetic control of fruit flesh color in watermelon is complex, and significant knowledge gaps still exist. In the present study, we investigated the genetic basis of canary-yellow flesh color in watermelon inbred line PI 635597 using a segregating population derived from a cross between PI 635597 and another inbred line, Cream of Saskatchewan (pale yellow flesh color). We showed that a single dominant gene controls the canary-yellow flesh color for the Cyf (canary-yellow flesh) trait. Bulk segregant analysis (BSA) and fine genetic mapping narrowed down the Cyf locus to a 79.62-kb region on chromosome 6, which harbors 10 predicted genes. Sequence variation analysis in the promoter and coding regions and gene expression analysis in both parental lines and selected watermelon accessions with diverse fruit flesh colors support Cla97C06G122050 (unknown protein) and Cla97C06G122120 (pentatricopeptide repeat) as predicted candidate genes for the Cyf locus. Marker-assisted selection and sequence alignment showed that the Cyf locus could differentiate canary-yellow flesh and pale-yellow flesh. Our results indicate that the Cyf locus might be responsible for canary-yellow flesh color and carotenoid accumulation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Mengqiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Yue Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Qianglong Zhu
- Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Xian Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest of A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Feishi Luan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Ren W, Si J, Chen L, Fang Z, Zhuang M, Lv H, Wang Y, Ji J, Yu H, Zhang Y. Mechanism and Utilization of Ogura Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Cruciferae Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169099. [PMID: 36012365 PMCID: PMC9409259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid production using lines with cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) has become an important way to utilize heterosis in vegetables. Ogura CMS, with the advantages of complete pollen abortion, ease of transfer and a progeny sterility rate reaching 100%, is widely used in cruciferous crop breeding. The mapping, cloning, mechanism and application of Ogura CMS and fertility restorer genes in Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica oleracea and other cruciferous crops are reviewed herein, and the existing problems and future research directions in the application of Ogura CMS are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Ren
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jinchao Si
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mu Zhuang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Honghao Lv
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jialei Ji
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hailong Yu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yangyong Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (Y.Z.)
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8
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Yang J, Cui Y, Zhang X, Yang Z, Lai J, Song W, Liang J, Li X. Maize PPR278 Functions in Mitochondrial RNA Splicing and Editing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063035. [PMID: 35328469 PMCID: PMC8949463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins are a large protein family in higher plants and play important roles during seed development. Most reported PPR proteins function in mitochondria. However, some PPR proteins localize to more than one organelle; functional characterization of these proteins remains limited in maize (Zea mays L.). Here, we cloned and analyzed the function of a P-subfamily PPR protein, PPR278. Loss-function of PPR278 led to a lower germination rate and other defects at the seedling stage, as well as smaller kernels compared to the wild type. PPR278 was expressed in all investigated tissues. Furthermore, we determined that PPR278 is involved in the splicing of two mitochondrial transcripts (nad2 intron 4 and nad5 introns 1 and 4), as well as RNA editing of C-to-U sites in 10 mitochondrial transcripts. PPR278 localized to the nucleus, implying that it may function as a transcriptional regulator during seed development. Our data indicate that PPR278 is involved in maize seed development via intron splicing and RNA editing in mitochondria and has potential regulatory roles in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.C.); (X.Z.); (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (W.S.)
- National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.C.); (X.Z.); (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (W.S.)
- National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.C.); (X.Z.); (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (W.S.)
- National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhijia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.C.); (X.Z.); (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (W.S.)
- National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinsheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.C.); (X.Z.); (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (W.S.)
- National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weibin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.C.); (X.Z.); (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (W.S.)
- National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingang Liang
- Development Center of Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100176, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Xinhai Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (X.L.)
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Li X, Sun M, Liu S, Teng Q, Li S, Jiang Y. Functions of PPR Proteins in Plant Growth and Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11274. [PMID: 34681932 PMCID: PMC8537650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins form a large protein family in land plants, with hundreds of different members in angiosperms. In the last decade, a number of studies have shown that PPR proteins are sequence-specific RNA-binding proteins involved in multiple aspects of plant organellar RNA processing, and perform numerous functions in plants throughout their life cycle. Recently, computational and structural studies have provided new insights into the working mechanisms of PPR proteins in RNA recognition and cytidine deamination. In this review, we summarized the research progress on the functions of PPR proteins in plant growth and development, with a particular focus on their effects on cytoplasmic male sterility, stress responses, and seed development. We also documented the molecular mechanisms of PPR proteins in mediating RNA processing in plant mitochondria and chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China; (M.S.); (S.L.); (Q.T.); (S.L.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yueshui Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China; (M.S.); (S.L.); (Q.T.); (S.L.)
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10
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Liu X, Zhang X, Cao R, Jiao G, Hu S, Shao G, Sheng Z, Xie L, Tang S, Wei X, Hu P. CDE4 encodes a pentatricopeptide repeat protein involved in chloroplast RNA splicing and affects chloroplast development under low-temperature conditions in rice. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:1724-1739. [PMID: 34219386 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins play important roles in the post-transcriptional modification of organellar RNAs in plants. However, the function of most PPR proteins remains unknown. Here, we characterized the rice (Oryza sativa L.) chlorophyll deficient 4 (cde4) mutant which exhibits an albino phenotype during early leaf development, with decreased chlorophyll contents and abnormal chloroplasts at low-temperature (20°C). Positional cloning revealed that CDE4 encodes a P-type PPR protein localized in chloroplasts. In the cde4 mutant, plastid-encoded polymerase (PEP)-dependent transcript levels were significantly reduced, but transcript levels of nuclear-encoded genes were increased compared to wild-type plants at 20°C. CDE4 directly binds to the transcripts of the chloroplast genes rpl2, ndhA, and ndhB. Intron splicing of these transcripts was defective in the cde4 mutant at 20°C, but was normal at 32°C. Moreover, CDE4 interacts with the guanylate kinase VIRESCENT 2 (V2); overexpression of V2 enhanced CDE4 protein stability, thereby rescuing the cde4 phenotype at 20°C. Our results suggest that CDE4 participates in plastid RNA splicing and plays an important role in rice chloroplast development under low-temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xichun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Guizhou Rice Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550006, China
| | - Ruijie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Guiai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Shikai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Gaoneng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Zhonghua Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Lihong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Shaoqing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xiangjin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Peisong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
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11
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Feng X, Yang S, Zhang Y, Zhiyuan C, Tang K, Li G, Yu H, Leng J, Wang Q. GmPGL2, Encoding a Pentatricopeptide Repeat Protein, Is Essential for Chloroplast RNA Editing and Biogenesis in Soybean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:690973. [PMID: 34567023 PMCID: PMC8458969 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.690973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast biogenesis and development are highly complex processes requiring interactions between plastids and nuclear genomic products. Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins play an essential role in the development of chloroplasts; however, it remains unclear how RNA editing factors influence soybean development. In this study, a Glycine max pale green leaf 2 mutant (Gmpgl2) was identified with decreased chlorophyll contents. Genetic mapping revealed that a single-nucleotide deletion at position 1949 bp in the Glyma.05g132700 gene in the Gmpgl2 mutant, resulting in a truncated GmPGL2 protein. The nuclear-encoded GmPGL2 is a PLS-type PPR protein that localizes to the chloroplasts. The C-to-U editing efficiencies of rps16, rps18, ndhB, ndhD, ndhE, and ndhF were reduced in the Gmpgl2 mutant. RNA electrophoresis mobility shift assay (REMSA) analysis further revealed that GmPGL2 binds to the immediate upstream sequences at RNA editing sites of rps16 and ndhB in vitro, respectively. In addition, GmPGL2 was found to interact with GmMORF8, GmMORF9, and GmORRM6. These results suggest that GmPGL2 participates in C-to-U RNA editing via the formation of a complex RNA editosome in soybean chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Feng
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Suxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yaohua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Cheng Zhiyuan
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Kuanqiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Guang Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jiantian Leng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Qingyu Wang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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12
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Liu XY, Jiang RC, Wang Y, Tang JJ, Sun F, Yang YZ, Tan BC. ZmPPR26, a DYW-type pentatricopeptide repeat protein, is required for C-to-U RNA editing at atpA-1148 in maize chloroplasts. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:4809-4821. [PMID: 33929512 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins are involved in the C-to-U RNA editing of organellar transcripts. The maize genome contains over 600 PPR proteins and few have been found to function in the C-to-U RNA editing in chloroplasts. Here, we report the function of ZmPPR26 in the C-to-U RNA editing and chloroplast biogenesis in maize. ZmPPR26 encodes a DYW-type PPR protein targeted to chloroplasts. The zmppr26 mutant exhibits albino seedling-lethal phenotype. Loss of function of ZmPPR26 abolishes the editing at atpA-1148 site, and decreases the editing at ndhF-62, rpl20-308, rpl2-2, rpoC2-2774, petB-668, rps8-182, and ndhA-50 sites. Overexpression of ZmPPR26 in zmppr26 restores the editing efficiency and rescues the albino seedling-lethal phenotype. Abolished editing at atpA-1148 causes a Leu to Ser change at AtpA-383 that leads to a reduction in the abundance of chloroplast ATP synthase in zmppr26. The accumulation of photosynthetic complexes are also markedly reduced in zmppr26, providing an explanation for the albino seedling-lethal phenotype. These results indicate that ZmPPR26 is required for the editing at atpA-1148 and is important for editing at the other seven sites in maize chloroplasts. The editing at atpA-1148 is critical for AtpA function, assembly of ATP synthase complex, and chloroplast biogenesis in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yuan Liu
- Key Lab of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rui-Cheng Jiang
- Key Lab of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Lab of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Tang
- Key Lab of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Key Lab of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan-Zhuo Yang
- Key Lab of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bao-Cai Tan
- Key Lab of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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13
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Wang X, An Y, Li Y, Xiao J. A PPR Protein ACM1 Is Involved in Chloroplast Gene Expression and Early Plastid Development in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052512. [PMID: 33802303 PMCID: PMC7959153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroplasts cannot develop normally without the coordinated action of various proteins and signaling connections between the nucleus and the chloroplast genome. Many questions regarding these processes remain unanswered. Here, we report a novel P-type pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) factor, named Albino Cotyledon Mutant1 (ACM1), which is encoded by a nuclear gene and involved in chloroplast development. Knock-down of ACM1 transgenic plants displayed albino cotyledons but normal true leaves, while knock-out of the ACM1 gene in seedlings was lethal. Fluorescent protein analysis showed that ACM1 was specifically localized within chloroplasts. PEP-dependent plastid transcript levels and splicing efficiency of several group II introns were seriously affected in cotyledons in the RNAi line. Furthermore, denaturing gel electrophoresis and Western blot experiments showed that the accumulation of chloroplast ribosomes was probably damaged. Collectively, our results indicate ACM1 is indispensable in early chloroplast development in Arabidopsis cotyledons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Yaqi An
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Ye Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Jianwei Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-15010693470
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14
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Xiao H, Liu Z, Zou X, Xu Y, Peng L, Hu J, Lin H. Silencing of rice PPR gene PPS1 exhibited enhanced sensibility to abiotic stress and remarkable accumulation of ROS. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 258-259:153361. [PMID: 33429329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses widely constrain the development and reproduction of plant, especially impaired the yield of crops greatly. Recent researches presented pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins play crucial role in response to abiotic stress. However, the underlying mechanism of PPR genes in regulation of abiotic stress is still obscures. In our recent study, we found that the knockout of rice PPS1 causes pleiotropic growth disorders, including growth retardation, dwarf and sterile pollen, and finally leads to impaired C-U RNA editing at five consecutive sites on the mitochondrial nad3. In this study, we further investigate the roles of PPS1 in abiotic stress tolerance, we confirmed that pss1-RNAi line exhibited enhanced sensitivity to salinity and ABA stress at vegetative stage, specifically. While reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulate significantly only at reproductive stage, which further activated the expression of several ROS-scavenging system related genes. These results implied that PPS1 functioned on ROS signaling network to contribute for the flexibility to abiotic stresses. Our research emphasizes the stress adaptability mediated by the PPR protein, and also provides new insight into the understanding of the interaction between cytoplasm and nucleus and signal transduction involved in RNA editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhongjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Zou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanghong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Leilei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Honghui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China.
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15
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Wang X, An Y, Xu P, Xiao J. Functioning of PPR Proteins in Organelle RNA Metabolism and Chloroplast Biogenesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:627501. [PMID: 33633768 PMCID: PMC7900629 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.627501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins constitute one of the largest nuclear-encoded protein families in higher plants, with over 400 members in most sequenced plant species. The molecular functions of these proteins and their physiological roles during plant growth and development have been widely studied. Generally, there is mounting evidence that PPR proteins are involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of chloroplast and/or mitochondrial genes, including RNA maturation, editing, intron splicing, transcripts' stabilization, and translation initiation. The cooperative action of RNA metabolism has profound effects on the biogenesis and functioning of both chloroplasts and mitochondria and, consequently, on the photosynthesis, respiration, and development of plants and their environmental responses. In this review, we summarize the latest research on PPR proteins, specifically how they might function in the chloroplast, by documenting their mechanism of molecular function, their corresponding RNA targets, and their specific effects upon chloroplast biogenesis and host organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqi An
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jianwei Xiao,
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16
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Yang Y, Liu X, Wang K, Li J, Zhu G, Ren S, Deng Z, Zhu B, Fu D, Qu G, Luo Y, Zhu H. Molecular and functional diversity of organelle RNA editing mediated by RNA recognition motif-containing protein ORRM4 in tomato. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:570-585. [PMID: 32473605 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant organellar RNA editing is a distinct type of post-transcriptional RNA modification that is critical for plant development. We showed previously that the RNA editing factor SlORRM4 is required for mitochondrial function and fruit ripening in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). However, a comprehensive atlas of the RNA editing mediated by SlORRM4 is lacking. We observed that SlORRM4 is targeted to both chloroplasts and mitochondria, and its knockout results in pale-green leaves and delayed fruit ripening. Using high-throughput sequencing, we identified 12 chloroplast editing sites and 336 mitochondrial editing sites controlled by SlORRM4, accounting for 23% of chloroplast sites in leaves and 61% of mitochondrial sites in fruits, respectively. Analysis of native RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing revealed that SlORRM4 binds to 31 RNA targets; 19 of these targets contain SlORRM4-dependent editing sites. Large-scale analysis of putative SlORRM4-interacting proteins identified SlRIP1b, a RIP/MORF protein. Moreover, functional characterization demonstrated that SlRIP1b is involved in tomato fruit ripening. Our results indicate that SlORRM4 binds to RNA targets and interacts with SlRIP1b to broadly affect RNA editing in tomato organelles. These results provide insights into the molecular and functional diversity of RNA editing factors in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfang Yang
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiuying Liu
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Keru Wang
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jinyan Li
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Guoning Zhu
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shuang Ren
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhiping Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, China
| | - Benzhong Zhu
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Daqi Fu
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Guiqin Qu
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yunbo Luo
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongliang Zhu
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
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17
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Ichinose M, Ishimaru A, Sugita C, Nakajima K, Kawaguchi Y, Sugita M. Two Novel PLS-Class Pentatricopeptide Repeat Proteins Are Involved in the Group II Intron Splicing of Mitochondrial Transcripts in the Moss Physcomitrella patens. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:1687-1698. [PMID: 32525534 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins are RNA-binding proteins that function in posttranscriptional regulation as gene-specific regulators of RNA metabolism in plant organelles. Plant PPR proteins are divided into four classes: P, PLS, E and DYW. The E- and DYW-class proteins are mainly implicated in RNA editing, whereas most of the P-class proteins predominantly participate in RNA cleavage, splicing and stabilization. In contrast, the functions of PLS-class proteins still remain obscure. Here, we report the function of PLS-class PpPPR_31 and PpPPR_9 in Physcomitrella patens. The knockout (KO) mutants of PpPPR_31 and PpPPR_9 exhibited slower protonema growth compared to the wild type. The PpPPR_31 KO mutants showed a considerable reduction in the splicing of nad5 intron 3 and atp9 intron 1. The PpPPR_9 KO mutants displayed severely reduced splicing of cox1 intron 3. An RNA electrophoresis mobility shift assay showed that the recombinant PpPPR_31 protein bound to the 5' region of nad5 exon 4 and the bulged A region in domain VI of atp9 group II intron 1 while the recombinant PpPPR_9 bound to the translated region of ORF622 in cox1 intron 3. These results suggest that a certain set of PLS-class PPR proteins may influence the splicing efficiency of mitochondrial group II introns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Ichinose
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Airi Ishimaru
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Chieko Sugita
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Kensaku Nakajima
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | | | - Mamoru Sugita
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
- Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
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18
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Wang X, Zhao L, Man Y, Li X, Wang L, Xiao J. PDM4, a Pentatricopeptide Repeat Protein, Affects Chloroplast Gene Expression and Chloroplast Development in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1198. [PMID: 32849743 PMCID: PMC7432182 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Extensive studies have been carried out on chloroplast gene expression and chloroplast development; however, the regulatory mechanism is still largely unknown. Here, we characterized Pigment-Defective Mutant4 (PDM4), a P-type PPR protein localized in chloroplast. The pdm4 mutant showed seedling-lethal and albino phenotype under heterotrophic growth conditions. Transmission electron microscopic analysis revealed that thylakoid structure was totally disrupted in pdm4 mutant and eventually led to the breakdown of chloroplasts. The levels of several chloroplast- and nuclear-encoded proteins are strongly reduced in pdm4 mutant. Besides, transcript profile analysis detected that, in pdm4 mutant, the expression of plastid-encoded RNA polymerase-dependent genes was markedly affected, and deviant chloroplast rRNA processing was also observed. In addition, we found that PDM4 functions in the splicing of group II introns and may also be involved in the assembly of the 50S ribosomal particle. Our results demonstrate that PDM4 plays an important role in chloroplast gene expression and chloroplast development in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Lirong Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Man
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jianwei Xiao,
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19
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MORF9 Functions in Plastid RNA Editing with Tissue Specificity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184635. [PMID: 31546885 PMCID: PMC6769653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA editing in plant mitochondria and plastids converts specific nucleotides from cytidine (C) to uridine (U). These editing events differ among plant species and are relevant to developmental stages or are impacted by environmental conditions. Proteins of the MORF family are essential components of plant editosomes. One of the members, MORF9, is considered the core protein of the editing complex and is involved in the editing of most sites in chloroplasts. In this study, the phenotypes of a T-DNA insertion line with loss of MORF9 and of the genetic complementation line of Arabidopsis were analyzed, and the editing efficiencies of plastid RNAs in roots, rosette leaves, and flowers from the morf9 mutant and the wild-type (WT) control were compared by bulk-cDNA sequencing. The results showed that most of the known MORF9-associated plastid RNA editing events in rosette leaves and flowers were similarly reduced by morf9 mutation, with the exception that the editing rate of the sites ndhB-872 and psbF-65 declined in the leaves and that of ndhB-586 decreased only in the flowers. In the roots, however, the loss of MORF9 had a much lower effect on overall plastid RNA editing, with nine sites showing no significant editing efficiency change, including accD-794, ndhD-383, psbZ-50, ndhF-290, ndhD-878, matK-706, clpP1-559, rpoA-200, and ndhD-674, which were reduced in the other tissues. Furthermore, we found that during plant aging, MORF9 mRNA level, but not the protein level, was downregulated in senescent leaves. On the basis of these observations, we suggest that MORF9-mediated RNA editing is tissue-dependent and the resultant organelle proteomes are pertinent to the specific tissue functions.
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20
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Kang MJ, Shin AY, Shin Y, Lee SA, Lee HR, Kim TD, Choi M, Koo N, Kim YM, Kyeong D, Subramaniyam S, Park EJ. Identification of transcriptome-wide, nut weight-associated SNPs in Castanea crenata. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13161. [PMID: 31511588 PMCID: PMC6739505 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49618-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nut weight is one of the most important traits that can affect a chestnut grower's returns. Due to the long juvenile phase of chestnut trees, the selection of desired characteristics at early developmental stages represents a major challenge for chestnut breeding. In this study, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in transcriptomic regions, which were significantly associated with nut weight in chestnuts (Castanea crenata), using a genome-wide association study (GWAS). RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data were generated from large and small nut-bearing trees, using an Illumina HiSeq. 2000 system, and 3,271,142 SNPs were identified. A total of 21 putative SNPs were significantly associated with chestnut weight (false discovery rate [FDR] < 10-5), based on further analyses. We also applied five machine learning (ML) algorithms, support vector machine (SVM), C5.0, k-nearest neighbour (k-NN), partial least squares (PLS), and random forest (RF), using the 21 SNPs to predict the nut weights of a second population. The average accuracy of the ML algorithms for the prediction of chestnut weights was greater than 68%. Taken together, we suggest that these SNPs have the potential to be used during marker-assisted selection to facilitate the breeding of large chestnut-bearing varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jeong Kang
- Forest Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Young Shin
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Younhee Shin
- Research and Development Center, Insillicogen Inc, Yongin, 16954, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-A Lee
- Forest Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Ryeon Lee
- Forest Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Dong Kim
- Forest Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Choi
- Plant Resources Industry Division, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa, 36209, Republic of Korea
| | - Namjin Koo
- Korean Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Min Kim
- Korean Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsoo Kyeong
- Research and Development Center, Insillicogen Inc, Yongin, 16954, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Eung-Jun Park
- Forest Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, 16631, Republic of Korea.
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21
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He P, Wu S, Jiang Y, Zhang L, Tang M, Xiao G, Yu J. GhYGL1d, a pentatricopeptide repeat protein, is required for chloroplast development in cotton. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:350. [PMID: 31409298 PMCID: PMC6693126 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1945-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) gene family, which contains multiple 35-amino acid repeats, constitutes one of the largest gene families in plants. PPR proteins function in organelles to target specific transcripts and are involved in plant development and growth. However, the function of PPR proteins in cotton is still unknown. RESULTS In this study, we characterized a PPR gene YELLOW-GREEN LEAF (GhYGL1d) that is required for cotton plastid development. The GhYGL1d gene has a DYW domain in C-terminal and is highly express in leaves, localized to the chloroplast fractions. GhYGL1d share high amino acid-sequence homology with AtECB2. In atecb2 mutant, overexpression of GhYGL1d rescued the seedling lethal phenotype and restored the editing of accD and ndhF transcripts. Silencing of GhYGL1d led to the reduction of chlorophyll and phenotypically yellow-green leaves in cotton. Compared with wild type, GhYGL1d-silenced cotton showed significant deformations of thylakoid structures. Furthermore, the transcription levels of plastid-encoded polymerase (PEP) and nuclear-encoded polymerase (NEP) dependent genes were decreased in GhYGL1d-silenced cotton. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that GhYGL1d not only contributes to the editing of accD and ndhF genes, but also affects the expression of NEP- and PEP-dependent genes to regulate the development of thylakoids, and therefore regulates leaf variegation in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng He
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Shuyin Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yanli Jiang
- Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Cotton Research Institute, Yucheng, 044000, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Meiju Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Guanghui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in the Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
| | - Jianing Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
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22
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Rovira AG, Smith AG. PPR proteins - orchestrators of organelle RNA metabolism. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 166:451-459. [PMID: 30809817 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins are important RNA regulators in chloroplasts and mitochondria, aiding in RNA editing, maturation, stabilisation or intron splicing, and in transcription and translation of organellar genes. In this review, we summarise all PPR proteins documented so far in plants and the green alga Chlamydomonas. By further analysis of the known target RNAs from Arabidopsis thaliana PPR proteins, we find that all organellar-encoded complexes are regulated by these proteins, although to differing extents. In particular, the orthologous complexes of NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) in the mitochondria and NADH dehydrogenase-like (NDH) complex in the chloroplast were the most regulated, with respectively 60 and 28% of all characterised A. thaliana PPR proteins targeting their genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleix Gorchs Rovira
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Alison G Smith
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
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