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Cui Y, Wu J, Zhang D, Li D, Zhang J, Li W, Wang C, Yuan C, Liu Z. Changes in chemical components and hepatoprotective effect of red Panax notoginseng processed by aspartic acid impregnation treatment. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:6085-6099. [PMID: 38445528 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red Panax notoginseng (RPN) is one of the major processed products of P. notoginseng (PN), with more effective biological activities. However, the traditional processing method of RPN has some disadvantages, such as low conversion rate of ginsenosides and long processing time. RESULTS In this work, we developed a green, safe, and efficient approach for RPN processing by aspartic acid impregnation pretreatment. Our results showed that the optimized temperature, steaming time, and concentration of aspartic acid were 120 °C, 1 h, and 3% respectively. The original ginsenosides in PN treated by aspartic acid (Asp-PN) were completely converted to rare saponins at 120 °C within just 1 h. The concentration of the rare ginsenosides in Asp-PN was two times higher than that in untreated RPN. In addition, we examined the protective effect of RPN and Asp-PN on acetaminophen-induced liver injury in a mouse model. The results showed that Asp-PN has significantly more potent hepatoprotective action than the RPN. The hepatoprotection of Asp-PN in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity may be due to its anti-oxidative stress, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities. CONCLUSION These results indicated that aspartic acid impregnation pretreatment may provide an effective method to shorten the steaming time, improve the conversion rate of ginsenosides, and enhance hepatoprotective activity of RPN. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cui
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianfa Wu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Danli Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Changchun, China
| | - Chongzhi Wang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and The Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chunsu Yuan
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and The Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhi Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Changchun, China
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Xu C, Fang Q, Cui H, Lin Y, Dai C, Li X, Tu P, Cui X. Comparison of the components of fresh Panax notoginseng processed by different methods and their anti-anemia effects on cyclophosphamide-treated mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 330:118148. [PMID: 38583734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The traditional Chinese herb Panax notoginseng (PN) tonifies blood, and its main active ingredient is saponin. PN is processed by different methods, resulting in different compositions and effects. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate changes in the microstructure and composition of fresh PN processed by different techniques and the anti-anemia effects on tumor-bearing BALB/c mice after chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide (CTX). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fresh PN was processed by hot-air drying (raw PN, RPN), steamed at 120 °C for 5 h (steamed PN, SPN), or fried at 130 °C, 160 °C, or 200 °C for 8 min (fried PN, FPN1, FPN2, or FPN3, respectively); then, the microstructures were compared with 3D optical microscopy, quasi-targeted metabolites were detected by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‒MS/MS), and saponins were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). An anemic mouse model was established by subcutaneous H22 cell injection and treatment with CTX. The antianemia effects of PN after processing via three methods were investigated by measuring peripheral blood parameters, performing HE staining and measuring cell proliferation via immunofluorescence. RESULTS 3D optical profiling revealed that the surface roughness of the SPN and FPN was greater than that of the other materials. Quasi-targeted metabolomics revealed that SPN and FPN had more differentially abundant metabolites whose abundance increased, while SPN had greater amounts of terpenoids and flavones. Analysis of the composition and content of the targeted saponins revealed that the contents of rare saponins (ginsenoside Rh1, 20(S)-Rg3, 20(R)-Rg3, Rh4, Rk3, Rg5) were greater in the SPN. In animal experiments, the RBC, WBC, HGB and HCT levels in peripheral blood were increased by SPN and FPN. HE staining and immunofluorescence showed that H-SPN and M-FPN promoted bone marrow and spleen cell proliferation. CONCLUSION The microstructure and components of fresh PN differed after processing via different methods. SPN and FPN ameliorated CTX-induced anemia in mice, but the effects of PN processed by these two methods did not differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Xu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Qionglian Fang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Hao Cui
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yameng Lin
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Chunyan Dai
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xiaoxun Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming, 650500, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming, 650500, China; Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China.
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Su W, Liang Z, Pan D, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Yuan T, Gao X, Su H, Zhang H. Therapeutic effect of notoginseng saponins before and after fermentation on blood deficiency rats. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:143. [PMID: 38476921 PMCID: PMC10928825 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Notoginseng saponins (NS) are the active ingredients in Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen (PN). NS can be transformed depending on how the extract is processed. Fermentation has been shown to produce secondary ginsenosides with increased bioavailability. However, the therapeutic effect of fermented NS (FNS) requires further study. The present study compared the compositions and activities of FNS and NS in blood deficiency rats, which resembles the symptoms of anemia in modern medicine, induced by acetylphenylhydrazine and cyclophosphamide. A total of 32 rats were randomly divided into control, model, FNS and NS groups. A blood deficiency model was established and then treatment was orally administered for 21 days. The results of component analysis indicated that some saponins transformed during the fermentation process resulting in a decrease of notoginsenoside R1, and ginsenosides Rg1, Rb1 and Re, and an increase in ginsenosides Rd, Rh2, compound K, protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol. The animal results showed that both FNS and NS increased the number of white blood cells (WBCs), red blood cells, hemoglobin, platelets and reticulocytes, and the levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), erythropoietin (EPO) and thrombopoietin (TPO), decreased the G0/G1 phase and increased G2/M phase, and decreased the apoptosis rate of bone marrow (BM) cells, which suggested a contribution to the recovery of hematopoietic function of the BM cells. FNS and NS increased the protein expression levels of the cytokines IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, TGF-β, IL-6, IFN-γ and TNF-α, and the mRNA expression levels of transcription factors GATA binding protein 3 and T-box expressed in T cell (T-bet). FNS and NS treatment also increased the number of CD4+ T cells, and decreased the enlargement of the rat spleen and thymus atrophy, which indicated a protective effect on the organs of the immune system. The results of the present study demonstrated that compared with NS, FNS showed an improved ability to increase the levels of WBCs, lymphocytes, GM-CSF, EPO, TPO, aspartate aminotransferase, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13 and TNF-α, and the mRNA expression levels of T-bet, and decrease alanine aminotransferase levels. The differences seen for FNS treatment could arise from their improved bioavailability compared with NS, due to the larger proportion of hydrophobic ginsenosides produced during fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Su
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Zuguo Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
| | - Daian Pan
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Lancao Zhang
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
| | - Yuyao Zhang
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
| | - Tongyi Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
| | - Hang Su
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
| | - He Zhang
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Fan W, Liao Q, Fan L, Li Q, Liu L, Wang Z, Mei Y, Li L, Yang L, Wang Z. An innovative processing driven efficient transformation of rare ginsenosides enhances anti-platelet aggregation potency of notoginseng by integrated analyses of processing-(chemical) profiling-pharmacodynamics. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117126. [PMID: 37716488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen, a valuable Chinese herb medicine, shows a characteristic bi-directional regulation of hemostasis and activating blood circulation with ginsenosides as the predominant bioactive compounds and is a typical representative of "processing triggered heteropotency". AIM OF THE STUDY Processing triggered heteropotency, one of the unique theories and practices in traditional Chinese medicine, refers to that the processing will lead to change in physical and chemical properties, and eventually disparate efficacy of the crude drugs, yet the optimum process and underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, using Panax notoginseng (PN) as a representative sample, a processing-(chemical) profiling-pharmacodynamics (3-P) relationship was proposed to investigate the processing mechanism of PN. MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, a temperature programmed steaming process was designed to evaluate the steaming triggered chemical transformation of triterpene saponins and the corresponding enhancement in anti-platelet aggregation activity. The steaming process was programed from the conventional 100 °C-150 °C in a time course of 0-12 h, aiming to achieve the maximized conversion of rare ginsenosides (RGs), and dynamic profile of ginsenosides were constructed by a UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis. Then, a processing-(chemical) profiling-pharmacodynamics (3-P) relationship was assessed by using the grey relational analysis (GRA) and orthogonal projections to latent structures (OPLS), and validated by bioactive fraction of 140 °C steamed PN. Subsequently, the P2Y12-ligand binding affinity of potential candidates was analyzed by molecular docking. Finally, the dynamic changes of ginsenosides during steaming of SPN were quantitatively detected by UPLC-QQQ-MS/MS. RESULTS A total of 48 differential ginsenosides were characterized and monitored including the primary and secondarily transformed saponins. The higher temperature steaming especially at 140 °C induces not only the predominant production of the RGs, but also the stronger anti-platelet aggregation activity. The 3-P relationship showed the fraction (3) of 140 °C steamed PN rich in RGs exhibits the most predominant efficacy, in which, a series of RGs including ginsenosides Rg5, Rk1, 20(S/R)-Rg3 were proven to be potent components. Molecular docking analysis suggested that ginsenosides Rg5 and Rk1 showed more strong interaction with the platelet P2Y12 receptor. Quantitative analysis found 140 °C-2h PN possessed highest contents of Rk1 and Rg5 and total RGs. CONCLUSIONS The integrated 3-P strategy uncovered the promising ginsenosides with anti-platelet effect, thereby revealing the material basis of PN steaming, which could provide a new enlightenment for the investigation of processing mechanism of traditional Chinese medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Fan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qi Liao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Linhong Fan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qi Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Guangxi Wuzhou Pharmaceutical (Group) Co., Ltd, Wuzhou, 543000, China
| | - Longchan Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ziying Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuqi Mei
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Linnan Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Yang B, Zhang Z, Song J, Qi T, Zeng J, Feng L, Jia X. Interpreting the efficacy enhancement mechanism of Chinese medicine processing from a biopharmaceutic perspective. Chin Med 2024; 19:14. [PMID: 38238801 PMCID: PMC10797928 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00887-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Chinese medicine processing (CMP) is a unique pharmaceutical technology that distinguishes it from natural medicines. Current research primarily focuses on changes in chemical components to understand the mechanisms behind efficacy enhancement in processing. However, this paper presents a novel perspective on the biopharmaceutics of CMP. It provides a comprehensive overview of the current research, emphasizing two crucial aspects: the role of 'heat' during processing and the utilization of processing adjuvants. The paper highlights the generation of easily absorbed components through the hydrolysis of glycosides by 'heat', as well as the facilitation of dissolution, absorption, and targeted distribution of active components through the utilization of processing adjuvants. From a biopharmaceutic perspective, this paper provides a lucid comprehension of the scientific foundation for augmenting the efficacy of CMP. Moreover, it proposes a three-dimensional research framework encompassing chemical reactions, phase transitions, and biopharmaceutical properties to further investigate the mechanisms involved in enhancing the efficacy of CMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhubin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhao Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingqi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaobin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
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Xu X, Shao T, Meng Y, Liu C, Zhang P, Chen K. Immunomodulatory mechanisms of an acidic polysaccharide from the fermented burdock residue by Rhizopus nigricans in RAW264.7 cells and cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressive mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126462. [PMID: 37619680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
RBAPS is an acidic polysaccharide extracted from the burdock residue fermentation by Rhizopus nigricans. In RBAPS-activated RAW264.7 cells, transcriptome analysis identified a total of 1520 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 1223 down-regulated genes and 297 up-regulated genes. DEGs were enriched in the immune-related biological processes, involving in Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway, according to Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. The results of the confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) observation, antibody neutralization and Western blot verified that RBAPS modulated macrophages activation and cytokines secretion mainly via TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. The immunomodulatory activity in vivo of RBAPS was investigated in cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressive mice. RBAPS promoted the counts of white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC) and platelets (PLT) as well as the levels of immunoglobulins and cytokines (IgG, IgM, TNF-α, and IL-2) in immunosuppressive mice. RBAPS protected the spleen and thymus from CTX-induced injury by increasing the organ indexes, attenuating pathological damage, and promoting splenic lymphocytes proliferation. Importantly, RBAPS ameliorated the intestine integrity and function by promoting the expression of Occuldin, Claudin-5, Atg5, and Atg7, activating TLR4/MAPK signaling pathway in CTX-induced mice. This study suggested that RBAPS was a prime candidate of immunologic adjuvant in chemotherapy for the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Xu
- School of Life Science and National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Taili Shao
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macromolecules, Drug Research &Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, PR China
| | - Ying Meng
- School of Life Science and National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macromolecules, Drug Research &Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, PR China.
| | - Pengying Zhang
- School of Life Science and National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
| | - Kaoshan Chen
- School of Life Science and National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
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Mengnan L, Xianwen Y, Shuyan Z, Shuiqing C, Wenjuan X, Xuan W, Jia W, Chunshuai L, Linlin Y, Xinfang X, Xiangri L. Homotherapy for heteropathy of Alzheimer's disease and anemia through reducing the expression of toll-like receptor and TNF by steamed Panax notoginseng. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115075. [PMID: 37385213 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the effects of Steamed Panax notoginsen (SPN) is to replenish blood, which is mostly used to treat anemia in clinic. SPN has the effect of treating anemia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in clinical and basic research. In traditional Chinese medicine, anemia and AD have the same characteristics, and their symptoms are qi and blood deficiency. METHODS First, data analysis was carried out through network pharmacology to predict the action targets of SPN homotherapy in the treatment of AD and anemia. Specifically, TCMSP and relevant literature were used to screen the main active ingredients of Panax notoginseng, and SuperPred was used to predict the action targets of the active ingredients. Disease targets related to AD and anemia were collected through Genecards database, and STRING and protein interaction (PPI) was used for enrichment analysis, Analyze the characteristics of the active ingredient target network on the Cytascape 3.9.0 platform, and use Metascape to enrich the gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Pathway Enrichment (KEGG pathway). Then Drosophila was used as the AD animal model, and the effects of SPN on the climbing ability, olfactory memory and brain Aβ, with rats as anemia animal models, the improvement effect of SPN on blood routine and organ index of rats with blood deficiency induced by CTX and APH was analyzed to further explain the therapeutic effect of SPN on these two diseases. Finally, the regulatory effect of SPN on the key active target of allotherapy for AD and anemia was verified by PCR. RESULTS After the screening, 17 active components and 92 action targets of SPN were obtained. The degree values of components and the first 15 targets are NFKB1, IL10, PIK3CA, PTGS2, SRC, ECFR, CASP3, MTOR, IL1B, ESR1, AKT1, HSP90AA1, IL6, TNF, and Toll-like receptor, it is mainly related to inflammatory response, immune regulation and antioxidation. SPN improved the climbing ability, olfactory memory ability, and Aβ42 content in the brain of Aβ flies, and significantly reduced the expression of TNF and Toll-like receptor in the brain after treatment. SPN can significantly improve the blood routine index and organ index of anemia rats, and also significantly reduce the expression of TNF and Toll-like receptor in the brain after treatment. CONCLUSION SPN can regulate the expression of TNF and Toll-like receptor to achieve the same treatment of AD and anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Mengnan
- Centre of TCM Processing Research, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Ye Xianwen
- Centre of TCM Processing Research, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Zhang Shuyan
- Centre of TCM Processing Research, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Cheng Shuiqing
- Centre of TCM Processing Research, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xu Wenjuan
- Centre of TCM Processing Research, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Wang Xuan
- Centre of TCM Processing Research, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Wen Jia
- Centre of TCM Processing Research, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Li Chunshuai
- Centre of TCM Processing Research, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yang Linlin
- Centre of TCM Processing Research, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xu Xinfang
- Centre of TCM Processing Research, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Li Xiangri
- Centre of TCM Processing Research, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
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Chen Z, Chen X, Guo L, Cui X, Qu Y, Yang X, Liu Y, Wang C, Yang Y. Effect of different cooking methods on saponin content and hematopoietic effects of Panax notoginseng-steamed chicken on mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 311:116434. [PMID: 37030555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panax notoginseng-steamed chicken (PNSC) is a medicinal food with ethnic characteristics developed by the Miao ethnic group in the southeast of Yunnan Province, China. PNSC has been eaten for hundreds of years, and its tonic effect has been widely recognized by the people. However, its cooking conditions and scientific connotation of its effect of toning blood and supplementing deficiency are also lack of in-depth analysis. AIM OF THE STUDY To optimize the cooking conditions of Panax notoginseng-steamed chicken (PNSC) and to explore its anemia-improving effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ratio of P. notoginseng (PN) to chicken and the steaming time were systematically altered, and the PNSC cooking conditions was optimized with the response surface method. By establishing animal models of postpartum blood-deficiency anemia, acute hemorrhagic anemia and myelosuppressive anemia, the blood replenishing effect of PNSC was explored, and the blood replenishing mechanism of PNSC on myelosuppressive anemia was revealed by immunoblotting analyses and histopathological sectioning. RESULTS The optimal processing conditions included a ratio of chicken to P. notoginseng of 100:5 and a steaming time of 5.5 h. The amounts of P. notoginseng polysaccharides (PNPS), total protein and blood-enriching P. notoginseng saponins were 44.3 mg/g, 2.48% and 2.04%, respectively. Freeze-dried powder of P. notoginseng steamed chicken soup (FPSC) was found to promote the recovery of routine blood factors and organ indexes in the three models of anemia and to activate the JAK2-STAT5 signaling pathway, induce phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT5 and normalize the secretion of hematopoietic regulators EPO, IL-3, and TNF-α. CONCLUSION FPSC improves the symptoms of anemia in mice, and it plays a role in tonifying blood by activating the JAK2-STAT5 signaling pathway and altering the expression of hematopoiesis-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuowen Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xiaoya Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiuming Cui
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yuan Qu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Chengxiao Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, China.
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9
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Hu Y, He Z, Zhang W, Niu Z, Wang Y, Zhang J, Shen T, Cheng H, Hu W. The potential of Panax notoginseng against COVID-19 infection. J Ginseng Res 2023:S1226-8453(23)00031-3. [PMID: 37362082 PMCID: PMC10082468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the world and has presented the scientific community with unprecedented challenges. Infection is associated with overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines secondary to hyperactivation of the innate immune response, inducing a cytokine storm and triggering multiorgan failure and significant morbidity/mortality. No specific treatment is yet available. For thousands of years, Panax notoginseng has been used to treat various infectious diseases. Experimental evidence of P. notoginseng utility in terms of alleviating the cytokine storm, especially the cascade, and improving post-COVID-19 symptoms, suggests that P. notoginseng may serve as a valuable adjunct treatment for COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeye Hu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ziliang He
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Zhiqiang Niu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yanting Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Ting Shen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Weicheng Hu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
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10
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Yang K, Wang H, Luo L, Zhu S, Huang H, Wei Z, Zhu Y, Guo L, He X. Effects of different soil moisture on the growth, quality, and root rot disease of organic Panax notoginseng cultivated under pine forests. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 329:117069. [PMID: 36584512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The under-forest economy in the agroforestry system can improve land use efficiency, protect ecological environment, and promote arable land sustainable development. However, the effects of soil moisture in the forest and irrigation strategies on the healthy growth of intercropping crops are still incomplete. Here, considering the organic Panax notoginseng cultivated under pine forests (PPF) as the research object, we explored the effects of different soil moisture on the physiological state, yield, quality and disease occurrence of PPF. Our results suggested that 80-85% and 95-100% field capacity (FC) treatments were more conducive to increased photosynthetic rate and biomass accumulation of PPF, but 50-55% and 65-70% FC treatments were more conducive to the accumulation of saponins in PPF leaves. Notably, the root rot index of PPF was highest under 95-100% FC (19.51) treatment, significantly higher than that under 65-70% FC (8.44) and 80-85% FC (10.21) treatments. Further, the rhizosphere microorganisms of PPF under different soil moisture treatments were sequenced, and the sequencing data analysis revealed that high soil moisture (95-100% FC) could destroy the microbial diversity balance and cause the accumulation of pathogens (Fusarium oxysporum and Ilyonectria radicicola), leading to a high incidence of root rot. The incidence of PPF root rot was negatively correlated with rhizosphere microbial diversity. Overall, our results highlight that the quantitative irrigation (80-85% FC) is conducive to maintaining the balance between yield, saponin content and disease occurrence of PPF, providing a practical basis for PPF irrigation strategy and promoting the sustainable development of PPF agroforestry system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Lifen Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Shusheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Hongping Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Youyong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Liwei Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China.
| | - Xiahong He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China.
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11
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In vitro hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities of steamed Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua with various steaming degrees: Relationship with homoisoflavonoids. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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12
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Song J, Lee Y. Protective role of Ginseng in endomertriosis during covid-19. J Ginseng Res 2023; 47:169-172. [PMID: 35971392 PMCID: PMC9365513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID) pandemic began in December 2019. Many countries have implemented restrictions such as mandatory mask wearing and social distancing. These measures have caused diverse and complex health problems, particularly in women's health, anxiety, and depression. This review examines an alternative approach to the treatment of endometriosis during the COVID pandemic. The efficacy of ginseng with anti-inflammatory activity and ability to relieve or prevent symptoms of endometriosis is discussed and reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - YoungJoo Lee
- Corresponding author. Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sejong University, Kwangjingu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
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13
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Yang Y, Jin Y, Zhang Y, Wang Z. Differentiating root and rhizome of panax notoginseng based on precursor ion scanning and multi heart-cutting two-dimensional liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2200542. [PMID: 36409143 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Owing to increasing demand for Panax notoginseng-based medicines and health products, establishing a fast, simple, and reliable assay to analyze the chemical differences between its root and rhizome is important. Although previous studies showed that the chemical and biological differences between the root and rhizome of P. notoginseng seem to be small, efforts should be taken to investigate such differences to ensure the safety and efficacy of the products. This work describes a holistic approach that combines characteristic fingerprinting using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry parent ion scanning with charged aerosol detection and targeted separation by online heart-cutting two-dimensional liquid chromatography, to identify and evaluate characteristic markers allowing differentiation of the root and rhizome. A total of five potential markers chikusetsusaponin L5 , ginsenoside Rb2 , stipuleanoside R2, malonyl-ginsenoside Rb1 , and malonyl-ginsenoside Rd, were identified and confirmed by comparing chromatographic retention time, the accurate mass of molecular weight, and the fragments of secondary MS with the available reference materials. The results showed that all five markers were 2.8-7 times higher in content in the rhizome than in the root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuangui Yang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, State Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center and College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, P. R. China
| | - Yan Jin
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Corporation, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yanhai Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Thermo Fisher Scientific Corporation, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
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14
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Cui ZY, Liu CL, Li DD, Wang YZ, Xu FR. Anticoagulant activity analysis and origin identification of Panax notoginseng using HPLC and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022; 33:971-981. [PMID: 35715878 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Panax notoginseng is one of the traditional precious and bulk-traded medicinal materials in China. Its anticoagulant activity is related to its saponin composition. However, the correlation between saponins and anticoagulant activities in P. notoginseng from different origins and identification of the origins have been rarely reported. OBJECTIVES We aimed to analyze the correlation of components and activities of P. notoginseng from different origins and develop a rapid P. notoginseng origin identification method. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pharmacological experiments, HPLC, and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy (variable selection) combined with chemometrics methods of P. notoginseng main roots from four different origins (359 individuals) in Yunnan Province were conducted. RESULTS The pharmacological experiments and HPLC showed that the saponin content of P. notoginseng main roots was not significantly different. It was the highest in main roots from Wenshan Prefecture (9.86%). The coagulation time was prolonged to observe the strongest effect (4.99 s), and the anticoagulant activity was positively correlated with the contents of the three saponins. The content of ginsenoside Rg1 had the greatest influence on the anticoagulant effect. The results of spectroscopy combined with chemometrics show that the variable selection method could extract a small number of variables containing valid information and improve the performance of the model. The variable importance in projection has the best ability to identify the origins of P. notoginseng; the accuracy of the training set and the test set was 0.975 and 0.984, respectively. CONCLUSION This method is a powerful analytical tool for the activity analysis and identification of Chinese medicinal materials from different origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ying Cui
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chun-Lu Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan, Kunming, China
| | - Dan-Dan Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuan-Zhong Wang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan, Kunming, China
| | - Fu-Rong Xu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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15
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Fan W, Yang Y, Li L, Fan L, Wang Z, Yang L. Mass spectrometry-based profiling and imaging strategy, a fit-for-purpose tool for unveiling the transformations of ginsenosides in Panax notoginseng during processing. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 103:154223. [PMID: 35700628 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panax notoginseng, a valuable medicinal plant, is traditionally used to treat trauma, body pain, and cardiovascular diseases in two clinical forms including raw (crude) and processed form. Processing-triggered compound transformation is responsible for the distinct bioactivity between raw and processed Panax notoginseng. Nevertheless, investigating the chemical diversity and dynamic transformation pattern of processed Panax notoginseng is challenging. METHODS A new approach, which integrates multi-components characterization, processing trajectory depiction, discovery of differential markers, transformation mechanism of metabolites, in situ spatial distribution and transformation of metabolites, was established to elucidate the role of processing on the holistic chemical transformations of Panax notoginseng (PN). RESULTS In this study, 136 ginsenosides (mainly rare ginsenosides) were identified or tentatively characterized and the temperature-dependent chemical variation trajectory was depicted via principal component analysis (PCA). Nineteen processing-associated markers were confirmed by orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). For the first time, the transformation pathway of ginsenosides during processing were elucidated by integrating the precursor ion scan (PIS) and mimic processing strategy that involves with deglycosylation, dehydration, hydration, acetylation, and isomerization. Results of mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) revealed the major ginsenosides M-Rb1, R1, Rg1, Rb1, Rd, and Re exhibited distinct spatial distribution pattern that are highly abundant in the xylem and showed a downward trend during processing. We firstly depicted the spatial distribution of processing-triggered rare ginsenosides (Rg3, Rk1, Rg5, etc.), and in situ transformation of ginsenosides was discovered in the process of steaming. Additionally, this variation trend was consistent with untargeted metabolomics results. CONCLUSION This study comprehensively revealed chemical diversity and dynamic transformation pattern and depicted the spatial distribution of ginsenosides of PN during processing. It could provide a clue for the distinct bioactivities between raw and processed PN and elucidate the role of processing on the holistic chemical transformations of natural products, more importantly, the proposed strategy is valuable for the quality evaluation and control of the processing of natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Fan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuangui Yang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization/State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation) /Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China
| | - Linnan Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Linhong Fan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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16
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Xiong Y, Halima M, Che X, Zhang Y, Schaaf MJM, Li M, Gao M, Guo L, Huang Y, Cui X, Wang M. Steamed Panax notoginseng and its Saponins Inhibit the Migration and Induce the Apoptosis of Neutrophils in a Zebrafish Tail-Fin Amputation Model. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:946900. [PMID: 35873541 PMCID: PMC9302486 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.946900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Panax notoginseng (PN) is a Chinese medicinal herb that is traditionally used to treat inflammation and immune-related diseases. Its major active constituents are saponins, the types and levels of which can be changed in the process of steaming. These differences in saponins are causally relevant to the differences in the therapeutic efficacies of raw and steamed PN. In this study, we have prepared the extracts of steamed PN (SPNE) with 70% ethanol and investigated their immunomodulatory effect using a zebrafish tail-fin amputation model. A fingerprint-effect relationship analysis was performed to uncover active constituents of SPNE samples related to the inhibitory effect on neutrophil number. The results showed that SPNE significantly inhibited the neutrophil number at the amputation site of zebrafish larvae. And SPNE extracts steamed at higher temperatures and for longer time periods showed a stronger inhibitory effect. Ginsenosides Rh1, Rk3, Rh4, 20(S)-Rg3, and 20(R)-Rg3, of which the levels were increased along with the duration of steaming, were found to be the major active constituents contributing to the neutrophil-inhibiting effect of SPNE. By additionally investigating the number of neutrophils in the entire tail of zebrafish larvae and performing TUNEL assays, we found that the decreased number of neutrophils at the amputation site was due to both the inhibition of their migration and apoptosis-inducing effects of the ginsenosides in SPNE on neutrophils. Among them, Rh1 and 20(R)-Rg3 did not affect the number of neutrophils at the entire tail, suggesting that they only inhibit the migration of neutrophils. In contrast, ginsenosides Rk3, Rh4, 20(S)-Rg3, and SPNE did not only inhibit the migration of neutrophils but also promoted neutrophilic cell death. In conclusion, this study sheds light on how SPNE, in particular the ginsenosides it contains, plays a role in immune modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Xiong
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Leiden University–European Center for Chinese Medicine and Natural Compounds, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Yin Xiong, ; Mei Wang,
| | - Mahmoud Halima
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Leiden University–European Center for Chinese Medicine and Natural Compounds, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Xiaoyan Che
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | | | - Minghui Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Min Gao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Liqun Guo
- Center for Drug Discovery & Technology Development of Yunnan Traditional Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Center for Drug Discovery & Technology Development of Yunnan Traditional Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Leiden University–European Center for Chinese Medicine and Natural Compounds, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Center for Drug Discovery & Technology Development of Yunnan Traditional Medicine, Kunming, China
- SU Biomedicine B.V., Leiden, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Yin Xiong, ; Mei Wang,
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17
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Li Z, Li X, Cai Z, Jin G, Ahn DU, Huang X. Immunomodulatory Effects of Chicken Soups Prepared with the Native Cage-free Chickens and the Commercial Caged Broilers. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102053. [PMID: 35986946 PMCID: PMC9411684 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the immunomodulatory effects of the chicken soups prepared with the native free-range chickens and the commercial caged broilers in the immunosuppressive mice. The immunosuppressive mice model was established by the intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg of cyclophosphamide (CTX) per kg body weight. The powders of Gushi Chicken Soup (GCS), Honglashan Chicken Soup (HCS), and Cobb Broiler Soup (CBS) were prepared by high-pressure stewing followed by spray drying. The chicken soups' nutrient content and the effects of three chicken soups on the body weight, organ index, blood index, and serum cytokine and immunoglobulin contents in the immunosuppressive mice were determined. The three chicken soups promoted the recovery of immunosuppressive mice, but the expression mechanisms were different. The GCS was more effective than the HCS and CBS in restoring blood index, promoting cytokine secretion, and increasing immunoglobulin content (P < 0.05). The HCS stimulated the Th1-type immune response and promoted immunoglobulin secretion (P < 0.05), while the CBS increased the production of CD4+ and promoted the T-cell functions better than other soups (P < 0.05). Although soups from the native free-range chickens and the commercial caged broilers showed distinctly different mechanisms in promoting immunity, both could be used as potential immunomodulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Zhaoxia Cai
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Guofeng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Dong Uk Ahn
- Animal Science Department, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
| | - Xi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
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Zhang F, Shi L, Li L, Zhou Y, Tian L, Cui X, Gao Y. Nondestructive detection for adulteration of panax notoginseng powder based on hyperspectral imaging combined with arithmetic optimization algorithm‐support vector regression. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.14096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fujie Zhang
- Faculty of Modern Agriculture Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Harvesting Equipment Technology of Zhejiang Province Jinhua China
| | - Lei Shi
- Faculty of Modern Agriculture Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China
| | - Lixia Li
- Faculty of Modern Agriculture Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Harvesting Equipment Technology of Zhejiang Province Jinhua China
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- Faculty of Modern Agriculture Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China
| | - Liquan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Crop Harvesting Equipment Technology of Zhejiang Province Jinhua China
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng Kunming China
| | - Yongping Gao
- Yixintang Pharmaceutical Group Ltd. Kunming China
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19
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Shi R, Xiong B, He S, Liu C, Ben-Asher J, Horowitz AR, Wang S, He X. Comparative metabolic profiling of root, leaf, fruit, and stem tissues of Panax notoginseng. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2071294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shi
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Landscape Architecture Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Bingjie Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Landscape Architecture Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Shu He
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Landscape Architecture Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Can Liu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Landscape Architecture Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiftah Ben-Asher
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Dryland, the Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Abraham Rami Horowitz
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Dryland, the Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Shu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Landscape Architecture Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiahong He
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Landscape Architecture Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
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20
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Cao GH, Wang XF, Li ZD, Zhang X, Li XG, Gu W, Zhang F, Yu J, He S. A Panax notoginseng phosphate transporter, PnPht1;3, greatly contributes to phosphate and arsenate uptake. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:259-271. [PMID: 35115080 DOI: 10.1071/fp21218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The crisis of arsenic (As) accumulation in rhizomes threatens the quality and safety of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen, which is a well-known traditional Chinese herb with a long clinical history. The uptake of arsenate (AsV) could be suppressed by supplying phosphate (Pi), in which Pi transporters play important roles in the uptake of Pi and AsV. Herein, the P . notoginseng Pi transporter-encoding gene PnPht1;3 was identified and characterised under Pi deficiency and AsV exposure. In this study, the open reading frame (ORF) of PnPht1;3 was cloned according to RNA-seq and encoded 545 amino acids. The relative expression levels revealed that PnPht1;3 was significantly upregulated under phosphate deficiency and AsV exposure. Heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae MB192 demonstrated that PnPht1;3 performed optimally in complementing the yeast Pi-transport defect and accumulated more As in the cells. Combined with the subcellular localisation prediction, it was concluded that PnPht1;3 encodes a functional plasma membrane-localised transporter protein that mediates putative high-affinity Pi/H+ symport activity and enhances the uptake of Pi and AsV. Therefore, a better understanding of the roles of the P . notoginseng Pi transporter could provide new insight for solving As accumulation in medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Hua Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Xi-Fu Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Ze-Dong Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Xiao-Gang Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Wen Gu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Jie Yu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Sen He
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; and Yunnan Key Laboratory for Dai and Yi Medicines, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
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21
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Dong Q, An Y, Du G, Wang J, Liu J, Su J, Xie H, Liang C, Liu J. Identification of ginsenoside metabolites in plasma related to different bioactivities of Panax notoginseng and Panax Ginseng. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5334. [PMID: 35045586 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although the chemical components of Panax notoginseng (PN) and Panax ginseng (PG) are similar, the bioactivities of them are different. In this study, the differential bioactivities of PN and PG were used as the research object. First, the different metabolites in the plasma after oral administration of PN and PG were analyzed by a UPLC-Q/TOF-MS-based metabolomics approach. Afterward, the metabolite-target- pathway network of PN and PG was constructed, thus the pathways related to different bioactivities were analyzed. As the results, 7 different metabolites were identified in PN group, and 10 different metabolites were identified in the PG group. In the PN group, the metabolite of N1 was related to hemostasis, N1 and N3 were related to inhibiting the nerve center, antihypertensive, and abirritation. The metabolites of N1, N3, N4, N5, and N6 were related to protecting the liver. The results showed that the metabolites of G1, G2, G3, G5, and G6 in PG group were related to anti-heart failure, and G1, G2, G6, and G9 were related to raising blood pressure. There were 13 signaling pathways related to different biological activities of PN (eight pathways) and PG (five pathways). These pathways further clarified the mechanism of action that caused the different bioactivities between PN and PG. In summary, metabolomics combined with network pharmacology could be helpful to clarify the material basis of different bioactivities between PN and PG, promoting the research on PN and PG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghai Dong
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Yang An
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Guangguang Du
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Jiayin Liu
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Jun Su
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | | | - Chongyang Liang
- Institute of Frontier Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Jihua Liu
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
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22
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Xu J, Liu J, Li B, Wei X, Qi Y, Zhang B, Liu H, Xiao P. Comparison of blood tonic efficacy and chemical constituents of Kadsura interior A.C. Smith and its closely related species. Chin Med 2022; 17:14. [PMID: 35039063 PMCID: PMC8762946 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00544-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stems of Kadsura interior A. C. Smith are used as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Kadsurae Caulis, with the traditional efficacy of tonifying and invigorating the blood, therefore being favored to treat blood deficiency (BD) widely. However, the stems of K. interior and its closely related species are morphologically similar and they may readily be misused as Kadsurae Caulis, thus likely to exert negative effects on clinical efficacy and clinical medication safety. METHODS Firstly, blood tonic efficacies of the stems of K. interior (KIS) and its closely related species were compared using BD mouse model induced by 1-acetyl-2-phenylhydrazine (APH) and cyclophosphamide (CTX). Secondly, the chemical constituents from the stems of K. interior and its closely related species were evaluated and compared using a plant metabolomics approach. Plant metabolomics in this study aims at discovering differential metabolites and comprehensively assessing the chemical constituents by combining state-of-the-art high-resolution UPLC-Q/TOF-MS/MS technique and multivariate data analysis. Finally, based on the pharmacological data and the chemical constituents in UPLC-Q/TOF-MS fingerprints, the potential blood tonic active markers were screened by the spectrum-effect relationship analysis and quantified by UPLC-UV-DAD. RESULTS The ethanol extract of the stems of K. interior significantly increased the levels of hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin (HGB), and red blood cells (RBC) in BD mice. In addition, it significantly increased the serum levels of interleukin 3 (IL-3), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and macrophage-stimulating factor (M-CSF) in BD mice (P < 0.01). The blood tonic efficacy of the stems of K. interior was superior to those of its closely related species, especially at the dose of 200 mg/kg. Six differential compounds in the stems of K. interior were screened out to distinguish it from its closely related species. In combination with the results of the spectrum-effect relationship analysis, heteroclitin D, interiorin C, and heteroclitin G were identified as potential bioactive markers. The contents of heteroclitin D and heteroclitin G in the freeze-dried powder of KIS were 15.90 and 3.74 μg/mg. CONCLUSIONS This study illustrated the differences in the blood tonic efficacies and the chemical constituents of the stems of K. interior and its closely related species, and pinpointed the potential bioactive markers of K. interior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiushi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xueping Wei
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yaodong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bengang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Peigen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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23
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The Study of Steaming Durations and Temperatures on the Chemical Characterization, Neuroprotective, and Antioxidant Activities of Panax notoginseng. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3698518. [PMID: 35035502 PMCID: PMC8758266 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3698518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng (PN) is one of the most valuable traditional Chinese medicines and has extensive pharmacological effects. Recent studies demonstrated that PN exhibited pharmacological effect related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, whether steaming process can boost its anti-AD activity is still unexplored. To fill this gap, effects of steaming durations and temperatures on the chemical characterization, neuroprotective and antioxidant activities of PN were systematically investigated in this study. HPLC fingerprint coupled with quantitative analysis demonstrated striking conversion of original saponins to less polar ones with the increase in the steaming time and temperature. In the viewpoint of anti-AD activity on neuroprotective and antioxidant effects, several steamed PN samples (110°C-6/8/10 h, 120°C ‐4/6 h samples) displayed a significant increase both in cell viability and oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) values compared with the no steamed one (P < 0.01 or P < 0.005). Steaming temperature had the greater impact on the change of chemical composition and anti-AD activity of PN. Moreover, the spectrum-effect relationship analysis revealed that the transformed saponins were partially responsible for the increased neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of steamed PN. Therefore, steamed PN could be used as a potential crude drug for prevention and treatment of AD.
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24
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Sulfated modification enhances the immunomodulatory effect of Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharide on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice through MyD88-dependent MAPK/NF-κB and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. Food Res Int 2021; 150:110756. [PMID: 34865774 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of sulfation on the immunomodulatory effect of Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharide (CP) through a Cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppression mice model. The results showed that sulfated Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharide (SCP3) had stronger immunomodulatory ability than CP. Administration of SCP3 alleviated immune organ atrophy and restored hematopoiesis in immunosuppressed mice, enhanced splenocyte proliferation, and promoted cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) production in splenocyte supernatants, as well as the number of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. Meantime, SCP3 significantly improved oxidative stress via increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and decreasing the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver. In addition, SCP3 significantly upregulated the phosphorylation expression of JNK, Erk 1/2, p38 of MAPKs signaling pathway at a dose of 50 mg/kg and accordingly showed increased phosphorylation of Akt, NF-κB (p65), IκB-α, and promoted the degradation of IkB-α. Furthermore, SCP3 significantly increased the expression of the upstream signaling molecule MyD88. All results demonstrated that sulfation can be an effective way to enhance the immunomodulatory effect of polysaccharides. SCP3 has high potential to be a functional food supplement candidate for alleviating chemotherapy drug-induced immunosuppression.
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25
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Dong J, Yin Z, Su L, Yu M, Wang M, Li L, Mao C, Lu T. Comparative pharmacokinetic analysis of raw and steamed Panax notoginseng roots in rats by UPLC-MS/MS for simultaneously quantifying seven saponins. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:653-661. [PMID: 34062093 PMCID: PMC8172216 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1928239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT After being steamed, the restorative effects of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen (Araliaceae) will be strengthened. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. OBJECTIVE To compare the pharmacokinetics of ginsenosides Rg1, Rb1, Rd, Re, Rg5, Rk1, notoginsenoside R1 (GRg1, GRb1, GRd, GRe, GRg5, GRk1 and NGR1) in the raw and steam-processed P. notoginseng (RPN and SPN). MATERIALS AND METHODS The pharmacokinetics of seven components after oral administration of SPN and RPN extracts (1.0 g/kg) were investigated, respectively, in SD rats (two groups, n = 6) using UPLC-MS/MS. RESULTS The approach elicited good linear regression (r2 > 0.991). The accuracy, precision and stability were all within ± 15%. The extraction recoveries and matrix effects were 75.0-100.8% and 85.1-110.3%, respectively. Compared with the RPN group, AUC0-t of GRg1 (176.63 ± 42.49 ng/h/mL), GRb1 (5094.06 ± 1453.14 ng/h/mL), GRd (1396.89 ± 595.14 ng/h/mL), and NGR1 (135.95 ± 54.32 ng/h/mL), along with Cmax of GRg1 (17.41 ± 5.43 ng/mL), GRb1 (361.48 ± 165.57 ng/mL), GRd (62.47 ± 33.65 ng/mL) and NGR1 (23.97 ± 16.77 ng/mL) decreased remarkably with oral administration of the SPN extracts, while GRe showed no significantly difference. Of note, GRg5 and GRk1 could not be detected in the plasma. CONCLUSIONS Influence of the processing reduced the systemic exposure levels to GRg1, GRb1, GRd and NGR1. It is the first report of comparative pharmacokinetic study of multiple saponins analysis after oral administration of RPN and SPN extract, which might be helpful for further studies on its steam-processing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
- Key Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
- CONTACT Jiajia Dong ;;
| | - Zhenzhen Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
- Key Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Lianlin Su
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
- Key Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Mengting Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
- Key Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
- Key Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
- Key Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chunqin Mao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
- Key Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Tulin Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
- Key Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
- Tulin Lu College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing210023, PR China
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26
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Sun C, Ma S, Li L, Wang D, Liu W, Liu F, Guo L, Wang X. Visualizing the distributions and spatiotemporal changes of metabolites in Panax notoginseng by MALDI mass spectrometry imaging. J Ginseng Res 2021; 45:726-733. [PMID: 34764727 PMCID: PMC8569314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Panax notoginseng is a highly valued medicinal herb used widely in China and many Asian countries. Its root and rhizome have long been used for the treatment of cardiovascular and hematological diseases. Imaging the spatial distributions and dynamics of metabolites in heterogeneous plant tissues is significant for characterizing the metabolic networks of Panax notoginseng, and this will also provide a highly informative approach to understand the complex molecular changes in the processing of Panax notoginseng. Methods Here, a high-sensitive MALDI-MS imaging method was developed and adopted to visualize the spatial distributions and spatiotemporal changes of metabolites in different botanical parts of Panax notoginseng. Results A wide spectrum of metabolites including notoginsenosides, ginsenosides, amino acids, dencichine, gluconic acid, and low-molecular-weight organic acids were imaged in Panax notoginseng rhizome and root tissues for the first time. Moreover, the spatiotemporal alterations of metabolites during the steaming of Panax notoginseng root were also characterized in this study. And, a series of metabolites such as dencichine, arginine and glutamine that changed with the steaming of Panax notoginseng were successfully screened out and imaged. Conclusion These spatially-resolved metabolite data not only enhance our understanding of the Panax notoginseng metabolic networks, but also provide direct evidence that a serious of metabolic alterations occurred during the steaming of Panax notoginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Shuangshuang Ma
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Lili Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Daijie Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- Resource Center of Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
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27
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Yao K, Sun J, Tang N, Xu M, Cao Y, Fu L, Zhou X, Wu X. Nondestructive detection for Panax notoginseng powder grades based on hyperspectral imaging technology combined with
CARS‐PCA
and
MPA‐LSSVM. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kunshan Yao
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Jun Sun
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Ningqiu Tang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Min Xu
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Yan Cao
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Lvhui Fu
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Xin Zhou
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
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Li X, Wang Y, Fan Z, Wang Y, Wang P, Yan X, Zhou Z. High-level sustainable production of the characteristic protopanaxatriol-type saponins from Panax species in engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Metab Eng 2021; 66:87-97. [PMID: 33865981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Chinese medicinal plant Panax notoginseng has been traditionally used to activate blood flow and circulation, and to prevent blood stasis. P. notoginseng contains protopanaxatriol (PPT)-type saponins as its main active compounds, thus distinguishing it from the other two famous Panax species, P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius. Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1), notoginsenoside R1 (NgR1), and notoginsenoside R2 (NgR2) are three major PPT-type saponins in P. notoginseng and possess potential cardiovascular protection activities. However, their use in medical applications has long been hampered by the lack of sustainable and low-cost industrial-scale preparation methods. In this study, a PPT-producing yeast chassis strain was designed and constructed based on a previously constructed and optimized protopanaxadiol (PPD)-producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain, and further optimized by systemically engineering and optimizing the expression level of its key P450 biopart. Rg1-producing yeast strains were constructed by introducing PgUGT71A53 and PgUGT71A54 into the PPT chassis strain. The fermentation titer of Rg1 reached 1.95 g/L. A group of UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGT) from P. notoginseng and P. ginseng were characterized, and were found to generate NgR1 and NgR2 by catalyzing the C6-O-Glc xylosylation of Rg1 and Rh1, respectively. Using one of these UGTs, PgUGT94Q13, and the previously identified PgUGT71A53 and PgUGT71A54, the biosynthetic pathway to produce saponins NgR1 and NgR2 from PPT could be available. The NgR1 cell factory was further developed by introducing PgUGT94Q13 and a heterologous UDP-xylose biosynthetic pathway from Arabidopsis thaliana into the highest Rg1-producing cell factory. The NgR2-producing cell factory was constructed by introducing PgUGT71A54, PgUGT94Q13, and the UDP-xylose biosynthetic pathway into the PPT chassis. De novo production of NgR1 and NgR2 reached 1.62 g/L and 1.25 g/L, respectively. Beyond the realization of artificial production of the three valuable saponins Rg1, NgR1, and NgR2 from glucose, our work provides a green and sustainable platform for the efficient production of other PPT-type saponins in engineered yeast strains, and promotes the industrial application of PPT-type saponins as medicine and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Li
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yinmei Wang
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhenjun Fan
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan Wang
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pingping Wang
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xing Yan
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zhihua Zhou
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Multidirectional effects of saponin fraction isolated from the leaves of sea buckthorn Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111395. [PMID: 33761611 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies show that saponins isolated from various plants have a cytotoxic effect on cancer cells inducing apoptosis and autophagy. On the other hand, saponins also exhibit a number of beneficial properties, such as antioxidant properties. Thus, saponins can be considered both in terms of their therapeutic and protective effects during anticancer treatment. In this study, we investigated the effect of the saponin fraction isolated from sea buckthorn (Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson) leaves on the viability of HL-60 cancer cells using resazurin assay and its ability to induction of apoptosis with Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI) double staining. Moreover, we studied its effect on the oxidative stress induced by H2O2, and anti-platelet and anticoagulant potential in whole blood using T-TAS, a microchip-based flow chamber system. We observed that the saponin fraction significantly decreased the viability of HL-60 cells at the concentration above 50 µg/mL and induced apoptosis at the concentration of 100 µg/mL. Moreover, we observed that saponin fraction used at lower concentrations, such as 0.5 and 1 µg/mL, stimulated HL-60 cells and increased their viability. The saponin fraction also decreased the level of free radicals and reduced oxidative DNA damage measured by the comet assay. However, at high concentration of oxidant H2O2 equal 5 mM, we noticed that the saponin fraction at 50 µg/mL increased the level of free radicals in HL-60 cells. We also demonstrated anticoagulant potential of the saponin fraction at the concentration of 50 µg/mL. Our results indicate that the saponin fraction obtained from sea buckthorn leaves can show both chemotherapeutic and chemoprotective potential.
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Sharma A, Khanna S, Kaur G, Singh I. Medicinal plants and their components for wound healing applications. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00202-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Wound is an anatomical and functional disruption of the skin following an injury. In response to the injury, wound healing is a complex process of tissue repair or remodeling. Historically, plants and plant-based constituents have been extensively used for the treatment and management of different types of wounds. In the current times, different types of biopolymers are being researched for developing economical, sustainable, stable, and effective delivery system for the treatment of wounds.
Main text
The present review article attempts to enlist medicinal plants which have been reported to be effective in the treatment of wounds. Plant constituent-based wound dressings have also been discussed systematically including patented formulations reported by different inventors.
Conclusion
The compiled data aims to update the researchers/scientists which will be helpful in providing them a directional view in understanding the role and importance of plant-based components for the treatment and management of wounds.
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Effect of Micronization on Panax notoginseng: In Vitro Dissolution and In Vivo Bioavailability Evaluations. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8831583. [PMID: 33531921 PMCID: PMC7837785 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8831583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng (PN) has become the most widely used dietary supplement and herbal in Asian countries. The effect of micronization on PN is not entirely clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of particle size of Panax notoginseng powder (PNP) and the potential to improve the bioavailability. The results showed that particle size reduction significantly changed the Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) in vitro dissolution and in vivo pharmacokinetics. The size of the Panax notoginseng powder (PNP) ranges from 60 to 214 μm. The surface morphology and thermal properties of PNP were extensively characterized, and these changes in physicochemical properties of PNP provide a better understanding of the in vitro and in vivo release behaviors of PNS. The in vitro studies demonstrated that the dissolution of PNS and particle size were nonlinear (dose- and size-dependent). The pharmacokinetics parameters of PNP in rats were determined by UHPLC-MS/MS. Powder 4 (90.38 ± 8.28 μm) showed significantly higher AUC0-T values in plasma (P < 0.05). In addition, we also investigated the influence of the hydrothermal treatment of PNP. The results showed that the PNS in vitro release and in vivo bioavailability of PNP pretreatment at 40°C were the highest. This suggests that PNP with a particle size of around 90 μm and heat pretreatment at 40°C would be beneficial. These results provided an experimental basis, and it was beneficial to choose an appropriate particle size and hydrothermal temperature when PNP was used in clinical treatment.
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You S, Shi X, Yu D, Zhao D, An Q, Wang D, Zhang J, Li M, Wang C. Fermentation of Panax notoginseng root extract polysaccharides attenuates oxidative stress and promotes type I procollagen synthesis in human dermal fibroblast cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:34. [PMID: 33446178 PMCID: PMC7807718 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03197-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panax notoginseng is one of the most valuable traditional Chinese medicines. Polysaccharides in P. notoginseng has been shown to significantly reduce the incidence of human diseases. However the application of fermentation technology in Panax notoginseng is not common, and the mechanism of action of P. notoginseng polysaccharides produced by fermentation is still unclear. The specific biological mechanisms of fermented P. notoginseng polysaccharides (FPNP) suppresses H2O2-induced apoptosis in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) and the underlying mechanism are not well understood. METHODS In this study, the effects of water extracted and fermentation on concentration of polysaccharides in P. notoginseng extracts were analyzed. After the H2O2-induced HDF model of oxidative damage was established, and then discussed by the expression of cell markers, including ROS, MDA, SOD, CAT, GSH-Px and MMP-1, COL-I, ELN, which were detected by related ELISA kits. The expression of TGF-β/Smad pathway markers were tested by qRT-PCR to determine whether FPNP exerted antioxidant activity through TGF-β signaling in HDF cells. RESULTS The polysaccharide content of Panax notoginseng increased after Saccharomyces cerevisiae CGMCC 17452 fermentation. In the FPNP treatment group, ROS and MDA contents were decreased, reversed the down-regulation of the antioxidant activity and expression of antioxidant enzyme (CAT, GSH-Px and SOD) induced by H2O2. Furthermore, the up-regulation in expression of TGF-β, Smad2/3 and the down-regulation in the expression of Smad7 in FPNP treated groups revealed that FPNP can inhibit H2O2-induced collagen and elastin injury by activating TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. CONCLUSION It was shown that FPNP could inhibit the damage of collagen and elastin induced by H2O2 by activating the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, thereby protecting against the oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide. FPNP may be an effective attenuating healing agent that protects the skin from oxidative stress and wrinkles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiquan You
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
- Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiuqin Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
- Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
- Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
- Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Quan An
- Yunnan Baiyao Group Co., Ltd, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
- Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jiachan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
- Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Meng Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
- Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China.
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Changtao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
- Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China.
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
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Jiang Z, Tu L, Yang W, Zhang Y, Hu T, Ma B, Lu Y, Cui X, Gao J, Wu X, Tong Y, Zhou J, Song Y, Liu Y, Liu N, Huang L, Gao W. The chromosome-level reference genome assembly for Panax notoginseng and insights into ginsenoside biosynthesis. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100113. [PMID: 33511345 PMCID: PMC7816079 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng, a perennial herb of the genus Panax in the family Araliaceae, has played an important role in clinical treatment in China for thousands of years because of its extensive pharmacological effects. Here, we report a high-quality reference genome of P. notoginseng, with a genome size up to 2.66 Gb and a contig N50 of 1.12 Mb, produced with third-generation PacBio sequencing technology. This is the first chromosome-level genome assembly for the genus Panax. Through genome evolution analysis, we explored phylogenetic and whole-genome duplication events and examined their impact on saponin biosynthesis. We performed a detailed transcriptional analysis of P. notoginseng and explored gene-level mechanisms that regulate the formation of characteristic tubercles. Next, we studied the biosynthesis and regulation of saponins at temporal and spatial levels. We combined multi-omics data to identify genes that encode key enzymes in the P. notoginseng terpenoid biosynthetic pathway. Finally, we identified five glycosyltransferase genes whose products catalyzed the formation of different ginsenosides in P. notoginseng. The genetic information obtained in this study provides a resource for further exploration of the growth characteristics, cultivation, breeding, and saponin biosynthesis of P. notoginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouqian Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lichan Tu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yifeng Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyuan Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Baowei Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuru Tong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yadi Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Corresponding author
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Olas B, Urbańska K, Bryś M. Saponins as Modulators of the Blood Coagulation System and Perspectives Regarding Their Use in the Prevention of Venous Thromboembolic Incidents. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215171. [PMID: 33172028 PMCID: PMC7664220 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Saponins comprise a heterogenous group of chemical compounds containing a triterpene or steroid aglycone group and at least one sugar chain. They exist as secondary metabolites, occurring frequently in dicotyledonous plants and lower marine animals. Plant saponin extracts or single saponins have indicated antiplatelet and anticoagulant activity. Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is a multifactorial disease influenced by various patient characteristics such as age, immobility, previous thromboembolism and inherited thrombophilia. This mini-review (1) evaluates the current literature on saponins as modulators of the coagulation system, (2) discusses the impact of chemical structure on the modulation of the coagulation system, which may further provide a basis for drug or supplement design, (3) examines perspectives of their use in the prevention of VTE. It also describes the molecular mechanisms of action of the saponins involved in the prevention of VTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Olas
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/3, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +48-42-6354485
| | - Karina Urbańska
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Bryś
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/3, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
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Xu R, Zhang J, You J, Gao L, Li Y, Zhang S, Zhu W, Shu S, Xiong C, Xiong H, Chen P, Guo J, Liu Z. Full-length transcriptome sequencing and modular organization analysis of oleanolic acid- and dammarane-type saponins related gene expression patterns in Panax japonicus. Genomics 2020; 112:4137-4147. [PMID: 32653517 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The saponins found in Panax japonicus, a traditional medicinal herb in Asia, exhibit high degrees of structural and functional similarity. In this study, metabolite analysis revealed that oleanolic acid-type and dammarane-type saponins were distributed unevenly in three tissues (rhizome_Y, rhizome_O, and secRoot) of P. japonicus. Single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing and next generation sequencing (NGS) data revealed distinct and tissue-specific transcriptomic patterns relating to the production of these two types of saponins. In the co-expression network and hierarchical clustering analyses, one 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) and two 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) etc. transcripts were found to be key genes associated with the biosynthesis of oleanolic acid and dammarane-type saponins in P. japonicus, respectively. In addition, cytochrome p450 (CYP) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) family proteins that serve as regulators of saponin biosynthesis-related genes were also found to exhibit tissue-specific expression patterns. Together these results offer a comprehensive metabolomic and transcriptomic overview of P. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xu
- School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Jingmao You
- Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Limei Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yongchang Li
- Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, Joplin 64804, USA
| | - Shaopeng Zhang
- School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Shaohua Shu
- School of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chao Xiong
- School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Hui Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ping Chen
- School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Jie Guo
- Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi 445000, China.
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
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Xiong L, Ouyang KH, Chen H, Yang ZW, Hu WB, Wang N, Liu X, Wang WJ. Immunomodulatory effect of Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharide in cyclophosphamide induced immunocompromised mice. BIOACTIVE CARBOHYDRATES AND DIETARY FIBRE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2020.100224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Analyzing Active Constituents and Optimal Steaming Conditions Related to the Hematopoietic Effect of Steamed Panax notoginseng by Network Pharmacology Coupled with Response Surface Methodology. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9371426. [PMID: 32775450 PMCID: PMC7399741 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9371426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
During hundreds of years of medication, it is believed that the steamed Panax notoginseng (SPN) can enrich and regulate the blood, replenish the body, and improve the health. The aim of this study was to optimize the steaming conditions of SPN which are related to the hematopoietic effect. In the study, network pharmacology and pharmacological experiments were used to predict and verify the potential hematopoietic active ingredients of SPN. Three variables including the steaming time (2-10 h), steaming temperature (90-130°C), and different producing areas of PN were investigated by using single-factor analysis. Box-Behnken design response surface methodology (BBD-RSM) was performed to explore the optimized steaming conditions which are responsible for the hematopoietic effect of SPN. Furthermore, the hematopoietic effect of the optimized SPN was evaluated. Results demonstrated that ginsenoside Rd, Rh1, Rh4, Rk3, and 20(S)-Rg3 can significantly increase blood routine parameters and expressions of hematopoietic factors in anemia mice. The total contents of the five ginsenosides were selected as evaluation indexes of the response surface method. We found that the PN from Wenshan steamed at 120°C for 5 h could significantly increase the levels of blood routine parameters and hematopoietic factor expression compared with the model group. The study not only provides data support for the determination of hematinic effect-related markers for SPN but also gives a scientific reference for the processing of SPN which has a better hematopoietic effect. The underlying mechanisms require further research.
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Żuchowski J, Skalski B, Juszczak M, Woźniak K, Stochmal A, Olas B. LC/MS Analysis of Saponin Fraction from the Leaves of Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson and Its Biological Properties in Different In Vitro Models. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25133004. [PMID: 32630067 PMCID: PMC7411717 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on saponin fraction from sea buckthorn (Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson) leaves. It has known that for example teas from sea buckthorn leaves have anti-obesity properties. The objective of our present experiments was to investigate both the chemical composition of saponin fraction, as well as their biological properties in different in vitro models (using human plasma, blood platelets, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)). We observed that saponin fraction reduces plasma lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation induced by H2O2/Fe. This fraction also decreased DNA oxidative damage induced by H2O2 in PBMCs. Regarding the cytotoxicity of saponin fraction (0.5–50 µg/mL) none was found to cause lysis of blood platelets, and PBMCs. Our results, for the first time indicate that saponin fraction from sea buckthorn leaves may be a new promising source of compounds for prophylaxis and treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Żuchowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (J.Ż); (A.S.)
| | - Bartosz Skalski
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Michał Juszczak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Łódź, Poland; (M.J.); (K.W.)
| | - Katarzyna Woźniak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Łódź, Poland; (M.J.); (K.W.)
| | - Anna Stochmal
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (J.Ż); (A.S.)
| | - Beata Olas
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Łódź, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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Elucidation of the complete biosynthetic pathway of the main triterpene glycosylation products of Panax notoginseng using a synthetic biology platform. Metab Eng 2020; 61:131-140. [PMID: 32454222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT)-mediated glycosylation is a widespread modification of plant natural products (PNPs), which exhibit a wide range of bioactivities, and are of great pharmaceutical, ecological and agricultural significance. However, functional annotation is available for less than 2% of the family 1 UGTs, which currently has 20,000 members that are known to glycosylate several classes of PNPs. This low percentage illustrates the difficulty of experimental study and accurate prediction of their function. Here, a synthetic biology platform for elucidating the UGT-mediated glycosylation process of PNPs was established, including glycosyltransferases dependent on UDP-glucose and UDP-xylose. This platform is based on reconstructing the specific PNPs biosynthetic pathways in dedicated microbial yeast chassis by the simple method of plug-and-play. Five UGT enzymes were identified as responsible for the biosynthesis of the main glycosylation products of triterpenes in Panax notoginseng, including a novel UDP-xylose dependent glycosyltransferase enzyme for notoginsenoside R1 biosynthesis. Additionally, we constructed a yeast cell factory that yields >1 g/L of ginsenoside compound K. This platform for functional gene identification and strain engineering can serve as the basis for creating alternative sources of important natural products and thereby protecting natural plant resources.
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Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Gao M, Cui X, Yang Y, van Duijn B, Wang M, Hu Y, Wang C, Xiong Y. Steamed Panax notoginseng Attenuates Anemia in Mice With Blood Deficiency Syndrome via Regulating Hematopoietic Factors and JAK-STAT Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1578. [PMID: 32038252 PMCID: PMC6985777 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen is a medicinal herb used to treat blood disorders since ancient times, of which the steamed form exhibits the anti-anemia effect and acts with a “blood-tonifying” function according to traditional use. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-anemia effect and underlying mechanism of steamed P. notoginseng (SPN) on mice with blood deficiency syndrome induced by chemotherapy. Blood deficiency syndrome was induced in mice by cyclophosphamide and acetylphenylhydrazine. A number of peripheral blood cells and organs (liver, kidney, and spleen) coefficients were measured. The mRNA expression of hematopoietic function-related cytokines in the bone marrow of mice was detected by RT-qPCR. The janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway was screened based on our previous analysis by network pharmacology. The expression of related proteins and cell cycle factors predicted in the pathway was determined by Western blot and RT-qPCR. SPN could significantly increase the numbers of peripheral blood cells and reverse the enlargement of spleen in a dose-dependent manner. The quantities of related hematopoietic factors in bone marrow were also increased significantly after SPN administration. SPN was involved in the cell cycle reaction and activation of immune cells through the JAK-STAT pathway, which could promote the hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Min Gao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Bert van Duijn
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.,Fytagoras BV, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mei Wang
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.,LU-European Center for Chinese Medicine, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.,SUBioMedicine BV, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Yupiao Hu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Chengxiao Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yin Xiong
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.,Fytagoras BV, Leiden, Netherlands.,LU-European Center for Chinese Medicine, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
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Wound Healing and the Use of Medicinal Plants. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:2684108. [PMID: 31662773 PMCID: PMC6778887 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2684108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous wound healing is the process by which skin repairs itself. It is generally accepted that cutaneous wound healing can be divided into 4 phases: haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling. In humans, keratinocytes re-form a functional epidermis (reepithelialization) as rapidly as possible, closing the wound and reestablishing tissue homeostasis. Dermal fibroblasts migrate into the wound bed and proliferate, creating “granulation tissue” rich in extracellular matrix proteins and supporting the growth of new blood vessels. Ultimately, this is remodelled over an extended period, returning the injured tissue to a state similar to that before injury. Dysregulation in any phase of the wound healing cascade delays healing and may result in various skin pathologies, including nonhealing, or chronic ulceration. Indigenous and traditional medicines make extensive use of natural products and derivatives of natural products and provide more than half of all medicines consumed today throughout the world. Recognising the important role traditional medicine continues to play, we have undertaken an extensive survey of literature reporting the use of medical plants and plant-based products for cutaneous wounds. We describe the active ingredients, bioactivities, clinical uses, formulations, methods of preparation, and clinical value of 36 medical plant species. Several species stand out, including Centella asiatica, Curcuma longa, and Paeonia suffruticosa, which are popular wound healing products used by several cultures and ethnic groups. The popularity and evidence of continued use clearly indicates that there are still lessons to be learned from traditional practices. Hidden in the myriad of natural products and derivatives from natural products are undescribed reagents, unexplored combinations, and adjunct compounds that could have a place in the contemporary therapeutic inventory.
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Xiong Y, Hu Y, Chen L, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Niu M, Cui X. Unveiling Active Constituents and Potential Targets Related to the Hematinic Effect of Steamed Panax notoginseng Using Network Pharmacology Coupled With Multivariate Data Analyses. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1514. [PMID: 30670967 PMCID: PMC6331451 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Steamed Panax notoginseng (SPN) has been used as a tonic to improve the blood deficiency syndrome (BDS) in the theory of traditional Chinese medicine. Here, we aim to unveil active constituents and potential targets related to the hematinic effect of SPN, which has not been answered before. In the study a constituent-target-disease network was constructed by combining the SPN-specific and anemia-specific target proteins with protein-protein interactions. And the network pharmacology was used to screen out the underlying targets and mechanisms of SPN treating anemia. Also, the multivariate data analyses were performed for the double screening. According to the results, 11 targets related to chemical constituents of SPN were found to be closely associated with the hematinic effect of SPN. Among them, the direct target protein of mitochondrial ferrochelatase (FECH) had the major role through the metabolic pathway. Meanwhile, Rk3 and 20(S)-Rg3 were predicted to be major constituents related to the hematinic effect of SPN by both multivariate data analyses and network pharmacology. And it was been validated by the pharmacologic tests that Rk3 and 20(S)-Rg3 could significantly increase the levels of blood routine parameters, FECH and its downstream protein of heme in mice with BDS. The study provides evidences for the mechanism understanding and drug development of SPN for the treatment of anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Xiong
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming, China
- Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yupiao Hu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zejun Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Ming Niu
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming, China
- Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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Hu Y, Cui X, Zhang Z, Chen L, Zhang Y, Wang C, Yang X, Qu Y, Xiong Y. Optimisation of Ethanol-Reflux Extraction of Saponins from Steamed Panax notoginseng by Response Surface Methodology and Evaluation of Hematopoiesis Effect. Molecules 2018; 23:E1206. [PMID: 29772847 PMCID: PMC6099958 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to optimize the ethanol-reflux extraction conditions for extracting saponins from steamed Panax notoginseng (SPN). Four variables including the extraction time (0.5⁻2.5 h), ethanol concentration (50⁻90%), water to solid ratio (W/S, 8⁻16), and times of extraction (1⁻5) were investigated by using the Box-Behnken design response surface methodology (BBD-RSM). For each response, a second-order polynomial model with high R² values (>0.9690) was developed using multiple linear regression analysis and the optimum conditions to maximize the yield (31.96%), content (70.49 mg/g), and antioxidant activity (EC50 value of 0.0421 mg/mL) for saponins extracted from SPN were obtained with a extraction time of 1.51 h, ethanol concentration of 60%, extraction done 3 times, and a W/S of 10. The experimental values were in good consistency with the predicted ones. In addition, the extracted SPN saponins could significantly increase the levels of blood routine parameters compared with the model group (p < 0.01) and there was no significant difference in the hematopoiesis effect between the SPN group and the SPN saponins group, of which the dose was 15 times lower than the former one. It is suggested that the SPN saponins extracted by the optimized method had similar functions of "blood tonifying" at a much lower dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupiao Hu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
- Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax notoginseng Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Zejun Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Chengxiao Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Yuan Qu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Yin Xiong
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
- Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax notoginseng Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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