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Feng H, Jin A, Yin X, Hong Z, Ding Y, Zhao N, Chen Y, Zhang Y. Enhancing biocathode denitrification performance with nano-Fe 3O 4 under polarity period reversal. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 241:117641. [PMID: 37972808 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The presence of excessive concentrations of nitrate poses a threat to both the environment and human health, and the bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) are attractive green technologies for nitrate removal. However, the denitrification efficiency in the BESs is still limited by slow biofilm formation and nitrate removal. In this work, we demonstrate the efficacy of novel combination of magnetite nanoparticles (nano-Fe3O4) with the anode-cathode polarity period reversal (PPR-Fe3O4) for improving the performance of BESs. After only two-week cultivation, the highest cathodic current density (7.71 ± 1.01 A m-2) and NO3--N removal rate (8.19 ± 0.97 g m-2 d-1) reported to date were obtained in the PPR-Fe3O4 process (i.e., polarity period reversal with nano-Fe3O4 added) at applied working voltage of -0.2 and -0.5 V (vs Ag/AgCl) under bioanodic and biocathodic conditions, respectively. Compared with the polarity reversal once only process, the PPR process (i.e., polarity period reversal in the absence of nano-Fe3O4) enhanced bioelectroactivity through increasing biofilm biomass and altering microbial community structure. Nano-Fe3O4 could enhance extracellular electron transfer as a result of promoting the formation of extracellular polymers containing Fe3O4 and reducing charge transfer resistance of bioelectrodes. This work develops a novel biocathode denitrification strategy to achieve efficient nitrate removal after rapid cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Platform for Low-Carbon Recycling of Waste and Green Development, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China; School of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Anan Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xianbin Yin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Zhicheng Hong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yangcheng Ding
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Nannan Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Platform for Low-Carbon Recycling of Waste and Green Development, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yufan Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering Technical University of Denmark, DK, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark.
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Yang Y, Zhu F. An overview of electrokinetically enhanced chemistry technologies for organochlorine compounds (OCs) remediation from soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:529-548. [PMID: 38015392 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31183-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, electrokinetic (EK) remediation technology has gained significant attention among researchers. This technology has proven effective in the remediation of low-permeability polluted soil. Organochlorines (OCs) are highly toxic, persistent, bioaccumulative, and capable of long-distance migration. They can also accumulate through the food chain, posing significant environmental risks. This paper provides a review of the reaction mechanism of combining chemical technology with EK remediation for the removal of several typical OCs. Furthermore, the factors influencing the efficiency of EK remediation, such as pH and ζ potential, voltage gradients, electrode materials, electrolytes, electrode arrangements, and soil types, are summarized. The paper also presents an overview of recent advancements in the methods of combining chemical technology with EK remediation for the treatment of OCs contaminated soil. Specifically, the research progress in surfactants-combined EK technology, chemical oxidation-combined EK technology, chemical reduction-combined EK technology, and chemical adsorption-combined EK technology is summarized. These findings serve as a foundation for ongoing and future research endeavors in the field. Further exploration and investigation in this area are essential for advancing the field and improving environmental remediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030600, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030600, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Zhao M, Song C, Zhang F, Jia X, Ma D. New-style electrokinetic-adsorption remediation of cadmium-contaminated soil using double-group electrodes coupled with chitosan-activated carbon composite membranes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166919. [PMID: 37689188 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Global soil cadmium (Cd(II)) contamination threatens the soil environment, food safety, and human health. Conventional electrokinetic remediation (EKR) and enhancement methods usually operate in strong electric fields, leading to strong side reactions and uneven removal. In this work, to remove Cd(II) from soil effectively in a low-voltage electric field, a new-style electrokinetic-adsorption remediation using double-group electrodes coupled with chitosan-activated carbon composite membranes (DE-EKR-CAC) was developed. Chitosan-activated carbon (CAC) composite membranes were synthesized for easy recovery and reuse of adsorbents. The effects of pH, contact time, initial concentration, and foreign ions on the removal of Cd(II) by the CAC composite membranes were determined. The CAC composite membranes performed well except in a strongly acidic environment (pH = 2.0). The soil pH varied between 3.4 and 5.0 in DE-EKR-CAC, where the CAC composite membranes were applicable. High concentrations of Ca2+ interfered with the adsorption of Cd(II), which means that the selectivity of CAC composite membranes for Cd(II) is not high enough. The Langmuir (R2 = 0.999) and pseudo-second-order kinetic (R2 = 1.0) models revealed the monolayer coverage and chemisorption mechanism, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 40.81 mg/g. Furthermore, SEM, FTIR, and XPS analyses suggest that physical adsorption, complexation of oxygen-containing functional groups, chelation of amino groups, and ion exchange are potential mechanisms for the adsorption of Cd(II) on CAC. DE-EKR-CAC performed better than the group remediated with one set of electrodes, with higher removal efficiencies and more uniform removal. The lowest energy consumption was 3.33 kWh/m3, which is lower than other enhancement methods. Separation of CAC composite membranes from soil is easy, and reuse performance is good. DE-EKR-CAC provides a potential option for Cd(II) removal from soil because of its better performance using low-voltage direct current, low energy consumption, and ease of recycling the adsorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhao
- Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Chunfeng Song
- Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Jia
- Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Degang Ma
- Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
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Deng B, Carter RA, Cheng Y, Liu Y, Eddy L, Wyss KM, Ucak-Astarlioglu MG, Luong DX, Gao X, JeBailey K, Kittrell C, Xu S, Jana D, Torres MA, Braam J, Tour JM. High-temperature electrothermal remediation of multi-pollutants in soil. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6371. [PMID: 37821460 PMCID: PMC10567823 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41898-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil contamination is an environmental issue due to increasing anthropogenic activities. Existing processes for soil remediation suffer from long treatment time and lack generality because of different sources, occurrences, and properties of pollutants. Here, we report a high-temperature electrothermal process for rapid, water-free remediation of multiple pollutants in soil. The temperature of contaminated soil with carbon additives ramps up to 1000 to 3000 °C as needed within seconds via pulsed direct current input, enabling the vaporization of heavy metals like Cd, Hg, Pb, Co, Ni, and Cu, and graphitization of persistent organic pollutants like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The rapid treatment retains soil mineral constituents while increases infiltration rate and exchangeable nutrient supply, leading to soil fertilization and improved germination rates. We propose strategies for upscaling and field applications. Techno-economic analysis indicates the process holds the potential for being more energy-efficient and cost-effective compared to soil washing or thermal desorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
| | - Robert A Carter
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Yi Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Lucas Eddy
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Applied Physics Program, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Kevin M Wyss
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Mine G Ucak-Astarlioglu
- Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research & Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, 39180, USA
| | - Duy Xuan Luong
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Applied Physics Program, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Xiaodong Gao
- Department of Earth, Environmental, & Planetary Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Carbon Hub, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Khalil JeBailey
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Carter Kittrell
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Shichen Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Debadrita Jana
- Department of Earth, Environmental, & Planetary Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Mark Albert Torres
- Department of Earth, Environmental, & Planetary Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Janet Braam
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - James M Tour
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
- NanoCarbon Center and the Rice Advanced Materials Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
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5
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Kumar V, Rout C, Singh J, Saharan Y, Goyat R, Umar A, Akbar S, Baskoutas S. A review on the clean-up technologies for heavy metal ions contaminated soil samples. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15472. [PMID: 37180942 PMCID: PMC10172878 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The soil contamination with heavy metal ions is one of the grave intricacies faced worldwide over the last few decades by the virtue of rapid industrialization, human negligence and greed. Heavy metal ions are quite toxic even at low concentration a swell as non-biodegradable in nature. Their bioaccumulation in the human body leads to several chronic and persistent diseases such as lung cancer, nervous system break down, respiratory problems and renal damage etc. In addition to this, the increased concentration of these metal ions in soil, beyond the permissible limits, makes the soil unfit for further agricultural use. Hence it is our necessity, to monitor the concentration of these metal ions in the soil and water bodies and adopt some better technologies to eradicate them fully. From the literature survey, it was observed that three main types of techniques viz. physical, chemical, and biological were employed to harness the heavy metal ions from metal-polluted soil samples. The main goal of these techniques was the complete removal of the metal ions or the transformation of them into less hazardous and toxic forms. Further the selection of the remediation technology depends upon different factors such as process feasibility/mechanism of the process applied, nature and type of contaminants, type and content of the soil, etc. In this review article, we have studied in detail all the three technologies viz. physical, chemical and biological with their sub-parts, mechanism, pictures, advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133203, Haryana, India
| | - Chadetrik Rout
- Department of Civil Engineering, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133203, Haryana, India
| | - Joginder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133203, Haryana, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - Yajvinder Saharan
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133203, Haryana, India
| | - Rohit Goyat
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133203, Haryana, India
| | - Ahmad Umar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, And Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Najran University, Najran-11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, and Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Najran University, Najran-11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sheikh Akbar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - S. Baskoutas
- Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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6
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Wang G, Li J, Ji J, Zhang L, Li B, Zhang J, Wang X, Song W, Guan C. Combined application of allantoin and strain JIT1 synergistically or additively promotes the growth of rice under 2, 4-DCP stress by enhancing the phosphate solubility, improving soil enzyme activities and photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 282:153941. [PMID: 36739690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.153941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution by 2, 4 dichlorophenol (2, 4-DCP) has become a widespread concern due to its detrimental influence on human and natural ecosystem. With the increasing accumulation of 2, 4-DCP in soil, it is of great significance to explore some appropriate approaches for enhancing plant tolerance to 2, 4-DCP stress. In the current study, a strain resistant to 2, 4-DCP was obtained from the tall fescue rhizosphere soil and named as Pseudomonas sp. JIT1. The strain JIT1 exhibited several remarkable plant growth-promoting traits, including the production of IAA, fixation of biological nitrogen and solubilization of phosphate. The inoculation of strain JIT1 significantly increased biomass, photosynthesis, antioxidant levels, chlorophyll contents and the osmotic substance contents in rice seedlings exposed to 2, 4-DCP. Meanwhile, inoculation of strain JIT1 also enhanced activities of soil alkaline phosphatase, urease, sucrase and cellulase. Moreover, under 2, 4-DCP stress, the content of allantoin in seedlings significantly increased and the pretreatment of exogenous allantoin noticeably ameliorated the negative effects caused by 2, 4-DCP stress in rice seedlings. Interesting, allantoin treatment also enhanced phosphate solubilization properties of strain JIT1. The chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis and osmotic substance further increased by combination use of strain JIT1 and allantoin, which improved the growth of seedlings, most likely to be attributed to the synergistic or additive effect between allantoin and strain JIT1. The results of this study highlight the important roles of combined use of strain JIT1 and allantoin for improving the tolerance of rice to 2, 4-DCP to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jiali Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jing Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Lishuang Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Bowen Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xinya Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wenju Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Chunfeng Guan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Ruan J, Tang T, Zhang M, Qiao W. Interaction mechanism between chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether potassium sulfonate (F-53B) and chromium on different types of soil surfaces. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 311:119820. [PMID: 35940486 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The coexistence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and heavy metals have been found in soils. However, the interaction between the combined pollutants in soils remains unclear. In this study, the adsorption processes of single and combined Cr(VI) and chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether potassium sulfonate (F-53 B) in red, yellow and black soils were simulated. When compared with the single F-53 B and Cr(VI), the adsorption amount of the combined F-53 B and Cr(VI) on soils changed with the types of soils. The interactions between F-53 B and Cr(VI) in soils affected their adsorption behavior. The adsorption of the combined F-53 B and Cr(VI) best fit second-order kinetics and the Freundlich equation. Moreover, aluminum and iron oxides are highly correlated with adsorption of F-53 B and Cr(VI). Both F-53 B and Cr(VI) can form complexes with aluminum and iron oxides through electrostatic interactions, but PFOS could be bridged with iron oxides to form an inner sphere complex and with aluminum oxides to form an outer sphere complex. The coexistence of F-53 B and Cr(VI) could change the fluorescent group of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soils due to the complexation between F-53 B and DOM. In addition, F-53 B increased the acid-soluble portion of Cr and decreased its residual form, which promoted the environmental risk of Cr in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Ruan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Tianhao Tang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Weichuan Qiao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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9
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Qian W, Liang JY, Zhang WX, Huang ST, Diao ZH. A porous biochar supported nanoscale zero-valent iron material highly efficient for the simultaneous remediation of cadmium and lead contaminated soil. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 113:231-241. [PMID: 34963531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Risk associated with heavy metals in soil has been received widespread attention. In this study, a porous biochar supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (BC-nZVI) was applied to immobilize cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in clayey soil. Experiment results indicated that the immobilization of Cd or Pb by BC-nZVI process was better than that of BC or nZVI process, and about 80% of heavy metals immobilization was obtained in BC-nZVI process. Addition of BC-nZVI could increase soil pH and organic matter (SOM). Cd or Pb immobilization was inhibited with coexisting organic compound 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), but 2,4-DCP could be removed in a simultaneous manner with Cd or Pb immobilization at low concentration levels. Simultaneous immobilization of Cd and Pb was achieved in BC-nZVI process, and both Cd and Pb availability significantly decreased. Stable Cd species inculding Cd(OH)2, CdCO3 and CdO were formed, whereas stable Pb species such as PbCO3, PbO and Pb(OH)2 were produced with BC-nZVI treatment. Simultaneous immobilization mechanism of Cd and Pb in soil by BC-nZVI was thereby proposed. This study well demonstrates that BC-nZVI has been emerged as a potential technology for the remediation of multiple heavy metals in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qian
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Agricultural Land Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Jing-Yi Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Agricultural Land Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Wen-Xuan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Agricultural Land Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Shi-Ting Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Agricultural Land Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Zeng-Hui Diao
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Agricultural Land Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China.
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10
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Pal DB, Tiwari AK, Prasad N, Srivastava N, Almalki AH, Haque S, Gupta VK. Thermo-chemical potential of solid waste seed biomass obtained from plant Phoenix dactylifera and Aegle marmelos L. Fruit core cell. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 345:126441. [PMID: 34852282 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study explores thermo-chemical potential of two biomasses namely; Phoenix dactylifera seed (PDS) and Aegle marmelos L core (AMP). These biomasses contain high amount of cellulose and exhibit heating value of 3-18 MJ/kg. The thermal kinetic of both the biomasses have been extensively studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at four different heating rates 5, 10, 15, and 20 °C/min. Kinetic analysis was carried out using three model-free techniques including Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and Starink. The average activation energy has been found to be 173.75, 172.94 and 170.71 kJ/mol, for PDS whereas 170.26, 167.24 and 164.80 kJ/mol, for AMP analyzed through KAS, FWO and Starink methods, respectively. Further, among all these models, the Starink model exhibits better result for the biofuels potential point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Bahadur Pal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Amit Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Nirupama Prasad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Neha Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Atiah H Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Al-Hawiah, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; BursaUludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Görükle Campus, 16059 Nilüfer, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK; Center for Safe and Improved Food, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK.
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11
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Zhao M, Ma D, Sun X, Wang Y, Wang Q. In situ removal of cadmium by short-distance migration under the action of a low-voltage electric field and granular activated carbon. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132208. [PMID: 34826910 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cd pollution in soil is a global environmental issue of great concern. The secondary release and low removal rate of Cd are obstacles to the use of adsorption techniques. To develop a sustainable and effective remediation technique, low-voltage direct current (DC) and granular activated carbon (GAC) were applied for in situ Cd removal. The results showed that a low-voltage gradient was more favourable than a high-voltage gradient for Cd removal. A voltage gradient of 0.2 V cm-1 acted as a driving force for Cd migration while limiting the side effects caused by DC. As an auxiliary enhancement measure, polarity exchange was effective in maintaining uniform distributions of soil moisture and temperature as well as a stable pH while improving Cd removal by weakening inhibition caused by OH- generated at the cathodes. The average removal rates of total and bioavailable Cd were 61.05% and 76.96%, respectively. The potential mobility of Cd in soil was assessed by the mobility factor (MF). The MF was lowered from 42.66% to 8.96%, indicating that the risks of Cd mobility were reduced to low levels. The energy consumption and utilization efficiency of the method were 5.65 KWh m-3 and 11.25, respectively. The energy utilization efficiency was significantly higher than the efficiencies of other methods that use DC to improve Cd removal. The results suggested that the in situ removal of Cd by low-voltage DC and GAC was efficient and avoided the secondary release of Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China.
| | - Degang Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China.
| | - Xianfu Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China.
| | - Yuxin Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China.
| | - Qiji Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China.
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12
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Ghobadi R, Altaee A, Zhou JL, Karbassiyazdi E, Ganbat N. Effective remediation of heavy metals in contaminated soil by electrokinetic technology incorporating reactive filter media. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 794:148668. [PMID: 34225154 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination is increasingly a global problem with serious implications for human health. Among different soil decontamination approaches, electrokinetic (EK) remediation is a relatively new technology for treating organic and inorganic contaminants in soil. This research aims to develop an enhanced EK treatment method incorporating a compost-based reactive filter media (RFM) with the advantages of low-cost and strong affinity for heavy metals and test and improve the treatment efficiency for multiple heavy metals in natural soil. A series of EK operations were performed to investigate the performance of EK-RFM under different operating conditions such as the electric current and voltage, processing time, and the amount of RFM. The electric current and treatment time demonstrated a significant positive impact on removing Zn, Cd and Mn ions while changing the amount of RFM had an insignificant impact on the efficiency of heavy metals removal. Overall, 51.6%-72.1% removal of Zn, Cd, and Mn was achieved at 30.00 mA of electric current and 14 days of treatment duration. The energy consumption of the EK process was 0.17 kWh kg-1. The soil organic matter adversely affected the mobilization and migration of heavy metals such as Cu and Pb during EK treatment. The results are valuable in optimizing the design of the EK-RFM system, which will extend its application to field-scale soil decontamination practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Ghobadi
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Ali Altaee
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - John L Zhou
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Elika Karbassiyazdi
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Namuun Ganbat
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
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13
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Song Y, Li R, Chen G, Yan B, Zhong L, Wang Y, Li Y, Li J, Zhang Y. Bibliometric Analysis of Current Status on Bioremediation of Petroleum Contaminated Soils during 2000-2019. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8859. [PMID: 34444608 PMCID: PMC8393949 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum contaminated soils have become a great concern worldwide. Bioremediation has been widely recognized as one of the most promising technologies and has played an important role in solving the issues of petroleum contaminated soils. In this study, a bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer based on Web of Science data was conducted to provide an overview on the field of bioremediation of petroleum contaminated soils. A total of 7575 articles were analyzed on various aspects of the publication characteristics, such as publication output, countries, institutions, journals, highly cited papers, and keywords. An evaluating indicator, h-index, was applied to characterize the publications. The pace of publishing in this field increased steadily over last 20 years. China accounted for the most publications (1476), followed by the United States (1032). The United States had the highest h-index (86) and also played a central role in the collaboration network among the most productive countries. The Chinese Academy of Sciences was the institution with the largest number of papers (347) and cooperative relations (52). Chemosphere was the most productive journal (360). Our findings indicate that the influence of developing countries has increased over the years, and researchers tend to publish articles in high-quality journals. At present, mainstream research is centered on biostimulation, bioaugmentation, and biosurfactant application. Combined pollution of petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals, microbial diversity monitoring, biosurfactant application, and biological combined remediation technology are considered future research hotspots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjin Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Y.S.); (R.L.); (G.C.); (B.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Ruiyi Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Y.S.); (R.L.); (G.C.); (B.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Guanyi Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Y.S.); (R.L.); (G.C.); (B.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Beibei Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Y.S.); (R.L.); (G.C.); (B.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Lei Zhong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Y.S.); (R.L.); (G.C.); (B.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Yuxin Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Y.S.); (R.L.); (G.C.); (B.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Yihang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Y.S.); (R.L.); (G.C.); (B.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jinlei Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Y.S.); (R.L.); (G.C.); (B.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Yingxiu Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Y.S.); (R.L.); (G.C.); (B.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
- China-Australia Centre for Sustainable Urban Development, Tianjin 300350, China
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14
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Geng Z, Liu B, Li G, Zhang F. Enhancing DNAPL removal from low permeability zone using electrical resistance heating with pulsed direct current. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 413:125455. [PMID: 33930969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrical resistance heating (ERH) has been widely applied for contaminant remediation in heterogeneous sites especially when low permeability zones exist, yet requires high energy input. To address the low energy-efficiency of ERH using conventional alternating current (AC), pulsed direct current (PDC) obtained by current rectification was introduced for heating to enhance dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) migration in low permeability zones. Here we showed the proof-of-concept in a lab-scale two-dimensional heterogeneous sand system (40 cm × 30 cm) with trichloroethylene (TCE) DNAPL in the central low permeability zone. Applying PDC achieved faster temperature increase compared to that with the conventional AC of the same voltage gradient. The overall TCE removal efficiency from the cell increased from 79.0% to 89.6% with increasing PDC voltage gradient from 3 to 3.75 V cm-1, compared to that of 9.4-91.1% with conventional AC. The lowest energy consumption of PDC was 390 kWh kg-1 at a medium voltage gradient of 3.5 V cm-1, which was 27.8% lower compared to that with AC at the same voltage gradient. These results suggest that remediation using pulsed direct current is a promising approach to improve the energy-efficiency and effectiveness of ERH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuning Geng
- School of Environment and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Site Remediation Technologies (NEL-SRT), Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Environment and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Site Remediation Technologies (NEL-SRT), Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Guanghe Li
- School of Environment and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Site Remediation Technologies (NEL-SRT), Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Fang Zhang
- School of Environment and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Site Remediation Technologies (NEL-SRT), Beijing 100015, PR China.
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15
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Wang Y, Li A, Cui C. Remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils by electrokinetic technology: Mechanisms and applicability. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 265:129071. [PMID: 33248732 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetic remediation is a widely admitted technology forrectifying heavy metal-contaminated soil. Various technologies have been effectively developed to improve the metal removal efficiency of contaminated soil by electrochemical treatment alone or in combination with other remediation technologies. The working components for electrokinetic system, such as supplying power for electric fields, installing electrodes to generate electric fields, introducing electrolytes and other potential materials as a reactive medium are crucial. This review focuses on the specific functions of the working components in electrokinetic systems and their effects on the efficiency of heavy metal removal using electrochemical process. The advancements in working components were systematically summarized, such as power for electric fields, electrodes, electrolytes and ion exchange membrane, which have various impacts on the effectiveness of electrokinetic remediation. Additionally, this study introduces the application of dominating technologies at present coupled with electrokinetics. Overall, a judicious design and reasonable operation in the application of electrokinetic-coupled remediation should be implemented to enhance the removal process of heavy metals from contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Wang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Ang Li
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongwei Cui
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Ghobadi R, Altaee A, Zhou JL, McLean P, Ganbat N, Li D. Enhanced copper removal from contaminated kaolinite soil by electrokinetic process using compost reactive filter media. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123891. [PMID: 33254824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetic (EK) remediation is a promising technology for soil decontamination, although basic pH in the soil close to cathode has constrained EK effectiveness due to heavy metal precipitation. This study aimed to enhance copper removal from kaolinite soil by integrating EK with compost (C) as recyclable reactive filter media (RFM) for the first time. Compost placed near the cathode served as an adsorbent to bind copper ions while buffering the advancement of the alkaline front in soil. The total copper removal rate increased from 1.03% in EK to 45.65% in EK-100%C under an electric potential of 10 V. Further experiments conducted by using biochar (BC) and compost/biochar (C + BC) mixture RFM at different ratios showed total Cu removal efficiency decreasing as EK-100%C > EK-(10%BC + 90%C) > EK-(20%BC + 80%C) > EK-(30%BC + 70%C) > EK. The application of a constant electric current of 20.00 mA further enhanced copper removal to 84.09% in EK-100%C although did not show significant enhancement in EK-(BC + C). The compost RFM was regenerated by acid extraction and then reused twice, achieving a total removal of 74.11%. The findings demonstrated compost as a promising and reusable RFM for the efficient removal of copper in contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Ghobadi
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Ali Altaee
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - John L Zhou
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Peter McLean
- School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Namuun Ganbat
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Donghao Li
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, PR China
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17
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Barbosa Ferreira M, Sales Solano AM, Vieira dos Santos E, Martínez-Huitle CA, Ganiyu SO. Coupling of Anodic Oxidation and Soil Remediation Processes: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4309. [PMID: 32992528 PMCID: PMC7579085 DOI: 10.3390/ma13194309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, due to industrial modernization and agricultural mechanization, several environmental consequences have been observed, which make sustainable development difficult. Soil, as an important component of ecosystem and a key resource for the survival of human and animals, has been under constant contamination from different human activities. Contaminated soils and sites require remediation not only because of the hazardous threat it possess to the environment but also due to the shortage of fresh land for both agriculture and urbanization. Combined or coupled remediation technologies are one of the efficient processes for the treatment of contaminated soils. In these technologies, two or more soil remediation techniques are applied simultaneously or sequentially, in which one technique complements the other, making the treatment very efficient. Coupling anodic oxidation (AO) and soil remediation for the treatment of soil contaminated with organics has been studied via two configurations: (i) soil remediation, ex situ AO, where AO is used as a post-treatment stage for the treatment of effluents from soil remediation process and (ii) soil remediation, in situ AO, where both processes are applied simultaneously. The former is the most widely investigated configuration of the combined processes, while the latter is less common due to the greater diffusion dependency of AO as an electrode process. In this review, the concept of soil washing (SW)/soil flushing (SF) and electrokinetic as soil remediation techniques are briefly explained followed by a discussion of different configurations of combined AO and soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiara Barbosa Ferreira
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil; (M.B.F.); (A.M.S.S.); (E.V.d.S.)
| | - Aline Maria Sales Solano
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil; (M.B.F.); (A.M.S.S.); (E.V.d.S.)
| | - Elisama Vieira dos Santos
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil; (M.B.F.); (A.M.S.S.); (E.V.d.S.)
| | - Carlos A. Martínez-Huitle
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil; (M.B.F.); (A.M.S.S.); (E.V.d.S.)
| | - Soliu O. Ganiyu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2W2, Canada
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18
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Ghobadi R, Altaee A, Zhou JL, McLean P, Yadav S. Copper removal from contaminated soil through electrokinetic process with reactive filter media. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 252:126607. [PMID: 32443274 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetic (EK) remediation has been used in the removal of metal ions from contaminated soil. This study focused on integrating the EK technique with different reactive filter media (RFM) of activated carbon (AC) and biochar (BC) for the first time without adding chemicals to facilitate the removal of copper ions from the contaminated kaolinite soil. Tests based on EK, EK coupled with AC (EK-AC), and EK combined with BC (EK-BC) were performed under an electric potential of 10 V, and the overall removal efficiency of copper ions decreased as EK-BC > EK-AC > EK. The results show that 27% of copper in the soil was captured by BC, compared with only 10% by AC. Additional EK-BC test performed under a constant current (20 mA) revealed that the acid front swept across the soil, resulting in 70.6-95.0% copper removal from soil sections 4 to 1 close to the anode region with more copper accumulation in section 5. Similar to the EK-BC test under a fixed voltage, 26% of copper in the soil was captured by BC during EK-BC treatment under a constant current although with a higher energy consumption. Moreover, RFM was regenerated by flushing with an acid solution, achieving 99.3% of copper recovery in BC and 78.4% in AC. Although the permeability of AC-RFM was higher than that of BC-RFM, copper contaminant was more easily leached out from the BC-RFM. The findings demonstrated the feasibility of contaminant entrapment in BC-RFM and recovery by acid leaching, with potential for sustainable soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Ghobadi
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Ali Altaee
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - John L Zhou
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Peter McLean
- School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Sudesh Yadav
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
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Paixão IC, López-Vizcaíno R, Solano AMS, Martínez-Huitle CA, Navarro V, Rodrigo MA, Dos Santos EV. Electrokinetic-Fenton for the remediation low hydraulic conductivity soil contaminated with petroleum. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 248:126029. [PMID: 32035385 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The use of electrokinetic Fenton (EK Fenton) process, as promising soil remediation approach, was investigated by using an iron electrode with different supporting electrolytes (tap water, H2O2, and citric acid) to depollute soil spiked with petroleum where kaolin was selected as low hydraulic conductivity. The results clearly confirm that, the combination of electrokinetic remediation (EK) and Fenton technologies, is an efficient oxidizing approach for removing hydrocarbons from this kind of soil. In fact, the electrokinetic Fenton reactions and the control of the soil pH conditions by adding citric acid enhanced the oxidation process because the addition of the H2O2 with iron electrode resulted in higher removal efficiencies (89%) for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs). These figures allowed to confirm that EK Fenton process with pH control contributed for the transport of H2O2 and Fe2+ ions in the soil by electromigration and eletro-osmotic phenomena. Conversely, no control of pH conditions when only EK was applied, achieved lower hydrocarbons removal (27%) after 15 d of treatment due to the precipitation of iron ions. Finally, the efficiency of the EK Fenton remediation prevented the generation of secondary effluent with higher organic content, avoiding its treatment by other advanced oxidation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Paixão
- School of Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitario, 59078-970, Natal, Brazil
| | - R López-Vizcaíno
- School of Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitario, 59078-970, Natal, Brazil; Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitario, 59078-970, Natal, Brazil; Geoenvironmental Group, Civil Engineering School, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela S/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - A M S Solano
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitario, 59078-970, Natal, Brazil
| | - C A Martínez-Huitle
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitario, 59078-970, Natal, Brazil
| | - V Navarro
- Geoenvironmental Group, Civil Engineering School, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela S/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, E. Costa Novella Buiding, Campus Universitario S/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - E V Dos Santos
- School of Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitario, 59078-970, Natal, Brazil.
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The Immobilization of Soil Cadmium by the Combined Amendment of Bacteria and Hydroxyapatite. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2189. [PMID: 32041971 PMCID: PMC7010816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58259-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils has attracted increased attention worldwide. The immobilization of metals to prevent their uptake by plants is an efficient way to remediate contaminated soils. This work aimed to seek the immobilization of cadmium in contaminated soils via a combination method. Flask experiments were performed to investigate the effects of hydroxyapatite (HAP) and the Cupriavidus sp. strain ZSK on soil pH and DTPA-extractable cadmium. Pot experiments were carried out to study the effects of the combined amendment on three plant species. The results showed that HAP has no obvious influence on the growth of the strain. With increasing concentrations of HAP, the soil pH increased, and the DTPA-extractable Cd decreased. Via the combined amendment of the strain and HAP (SH), the DTPA-extractable Cd in the soil decreased by 58.2%. With the combined amendment of the SH, the cadmium accumulation in ramie, dandelion, and daisy decreased by 44.9%, 51.0%, and 38.7%, respectively. Moreover, the combined amendment somewhat benefitted the growth of the three plant species and significantly decreased the biosorption of cadmium. These results suggest that the immobilization by the SH combination is a potential method to decrease the available cadmium in the soil and the cadmium accumulation in plants.
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21
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Zhang M, Wang X, Yang L, Chu Y. Research on Progress in Combined Remediation Technologies of Heavy Metal Polluted Sediment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16245098. [PMID: 31847211 PMCID: PMC6950138 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16245098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metals contaminated sediment has become a worldwide environmental issue due to its great harm to human and aquatic organisms. Thus, economical, effective, and environmentally-friendly remediation technologies are urgently needed. Among which, combined remediation technologies have attracted widespread attention for their unique advantages. This paper introduces combined remediation technologies based on physical-, chemical-, and bio-remediation of heavy metal polluted sediments. Firstly, the research progress in physical-chemical, bio-chemical, and inter-organismal (including plants, animals, microorganisms) remediation of heavy metal polluted sediments are summarized. Additionally, the paper analyzes the problems of the process of combined remediation of heavy metals in river sediments and outlooks the future development trends of remediation technologies. Overall, this review provides useful technology references for the control and treatment of heavy metal pollution in river sediments.
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22
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Qian B, Váradi L, Trinchi A, Reichman SM, Bao L, Lan M, Wei G, Cole IS. The Design and Synthesis of Fluorescent Coumarin Derivatives and Their Study for Cu 2+ Sensing with an Application for Aqueous Soil Extracts. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193569. [PMID: 31581746 PMCID: PMC6804054 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of fluorescent coumarin derivatives 2a–e were systematically designed, synthesized and studied for their Cu2+ sensing performance in aqueous media. The sensitivities and selectivities of the on-to-off fluorescent Cu2+ sensing signal were in direct correlation with the relative arrangements of the heteroatoms within the coordinating moieties of these coumarins. Probes 2b and 2d exhibited Cu2+ concentration dependent and selective fluorescence quenching, with linear ranges of 0–80 μM and 0–10 μM, and limits of detection of 0.14 μM and 0.38 μM, respectively. Structural changes of 2b upon Cu2+ coordination were followed by fluorescence titration, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), mass spectrometry, and single crystal X-ray diffraction on the isolated Cu2+-coumarin complex. The results revealed a 1:1 stoichiometry between 2b and Cu2+, and that the essential structural features for Cu2+-selective coordination are the coumarin C=O and a three-bond distance between the amide NH and heterocyclic N. Probe 2b was also used to determine copper (II) levels in aqueous soil extracts, with recovery rates over 80% when compared to the standard soil analysis method: inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Qian
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia.
| | - Linda Váradi
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia.
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, VIC 3169, Australia.
| | - Adrian Trinchi
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, VIC 3169, Australia.
| | - Suzie M Reichman
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia.
| | - Lei Bao
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia.
| | - Minbo Lan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Gang Wei
- CSIRO Mineral Resources, PO Box 218, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia.
| | - Ivan S Cole
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia.
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Isidro J, Llanos J, Sáez C, Brackemeyer D, Cañizares P, Matthee T, Rodrigo MA. Can CabECO ® technology be used for the disinfection of highly faecal-polluted surface water? CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 209:346-352. [PMID: 29935463 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the disinfection of highly faecal-polluted surface water was studied using a new electrochemical cell (CabECO® cell, manufactured by CONDIAS) specifically designed to produce ozone in water with very low conductivity. The disinfection tests were carried out in a discontinuous mode to evaluate the influence of the electrode current charge passed. The effect of the current density was also studied in order to optimize the disinfection conditions and to simultaneously prevent the formation of undesirable by-products (chlorates and perchlorates) during the electrolysis. The results demonstrate that this technology is robust and efficient, and it can suitably disinfect water. During electrolysis, the chloride contained in the water was oxidized to hypochlorite, and this compound was combined with ammonia to form chloramines. Both hypochlorite and chloramines (formed by the well-known break point reaction) promoted persistent disinfection and seemed to be mainly responsible for the disinfection attained during the electrochemical process. Chlorate and perchlorate could also be produced, although the low concentrations of chloride in the tested water made them irrelevant. The removal of the total organic carbon under the applied operating conditions was not very efficient (although it reached 50% in 2 h) and the production of trihalomethanes was very low, below 100 ppb for all tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Isidro
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Enrique Costa Novella Building, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Javier Llanos
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Enrique Costa Novella Building, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Cristina Sáez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Enrique Costa Novella Building, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | | | - Pablo Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Enrique Costa Novella Building, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | - Manuel A Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Enrique Costa Novella Building, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
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Li H, Li B, Zhang Z, Tian Y, Ye J, Lv X, Zhu C. Factors influencing the removal of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes by the electrokinetic treatment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 160:207-215. [PMID: 29807293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The performance of the electrokinetic remediation process on the removal of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) was evaluated with different influencing factors. With chlortetracycline (CTC), oxytetracycline (OTC), and tetracycline (TC) as template chemicals, the removal of both ARB and ARGs was enhanced with the increase of voltage gradient (0.4-1.2 V cm-1) and prolonged reaction time (3-14 d). The greatest removal (26.01-31.48% for ARB, 37.93-83.10% for ARGs) was obtained applying a voltage of 1.2 V cm-1, leading to the highest electrical consumption. The effect of polarity reversal intervals on the inactivation ratio of ARB followed the order of 0 h (66.06-80.00%) > 12 h (17.07-24.75%) > 24 h (10.44-13.93%). Lower pH, higher current density, and more evenly-distributed voltage drop was observed with a polarity reversal interval of 12 h compared with that of 24 h, leading to more efficient electrochemical reactions in soil. Compared with sul genes, tet genes were more vulnerable to be attacked in an electric field. It was mainly attributed to the lower abundance of tet genes (except tetM) and the varied effects of electrokinetic remediation process on different ARGs. Moreover, a relatively less removal ratio of tetC and tetG was obtained mainly due to the mechanism of the efflux pump upregulation. Both tet and sul genes were positively correlated with TC-resistant bacteria. The efflux pump genes like tetG and the cellular protection genes like tetM showed different correlations with ARB. This study enhances the current understanding on the removal strategies of ARB and ARGs, and it provides important parameters for their destruction by the electrokinetic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongna Li
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Research Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Binxu Li
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Research Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Research Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China; School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Yunlong Tian
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Research Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Jing Ye
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Research Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Xiwu Lv
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Changxiong Zhu
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Research Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
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Selvi A, Aruliah R. A statistical approach of zinc remediation using acidophilic bacterium via an integrated approach of bioleaching enhanced electrokinetic remediation (BEER) technology. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 207:753-763. [PMID: 29859487 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to isolate an indigenous acidophilic bacterium from tannery effluent contaminated sludge (TECS) sample and evaluate its potentiality towards the removal of zinc using an integrated approach of bioleaching enhanced electrokinetic remediation (BEER) technology in zinc spiked soil at an initial concentration of 1000 mg/kg. The isolated acidophilic bacterium was characterized by biochemical and 16S rRNA molecular identification and was named as Serratia marcescens SMAR1 bearing an accession no. MG742410 in NCBI database. The effect of pH and inoculum dosage of SMAR 1 strain showed an optimal growth at pH 5.0 and 4% (v/v) respectively. Based on these experimental data, a statistical analysis was done using Design Expert computer software, v11 to study the interaction between the process parameters with respect to zinc reduction as an output response. Electrokinetic experiments were conducted in a customised EK cell under optimised process conditions, employing titanium electrodes. Experiments for zinc removal were demonstrated for bioleaching, electrokinetic (EK) and BEER technology. On comparing, the integrated process was found to evidence as an excellent metal remediation option with a maximum zinc removal of 93.08% in 72 h than plain bioleaching (72.86%) and EK (56.67%) in 96 h. This is the first report of zinc removal in a short period of time using Serratia marcescens. It is therefore concluded that the BEER approach can be regarded as an effective technology in cleaning up the metal contaminated environment with an easy recovery and reuse option within short period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adikesavan Selvi
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore, 632115, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Rajasekar Aruliah
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore, 632115, Tamilnadu, India.
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Ye S, Zeng G, Wu H, Zhang C, Dai J, Liang J, Yu J, Ren X, Yi H, Cheng M, Zhang C. Biological technologies for the remediation of co-contaminated soil. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 37:1062-1076. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1304357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Ye
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China
| | - Haipeng Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China
- Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Chang Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China
| | - Juan Dai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China
- Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jie Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China
| | - Jiangfang Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China
| | - Xiaoya Ren
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China
| | - Huan Yi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China
| | - Min Cheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China
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Huang S, Yang Y, Li Q, Su Z, Yuan C, Ouyang K. Evaluation of the Effects of Lime-bassanite-charcoal Amendment on the Immobilization of Cadmium in Contaminated Soil. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 98:433-438. [PMID: 27837205 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-016-1964-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of amendments, such as lime, bassanite, sodium phosphate, steel slag and charcoal, and their compounds on the immobilization of cadmium (Cd) are investigated. The lime-bassanite-charcoal compound shows the best remediation performance compared to other agents in conducted experiments. The optimum condition for lime-bassanite-charcoal application in contaminated soil is lime-bassanite-charcoal with a mass ratio of 1:1/3:2/3, a dose of 2% of the soil weight, and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 35%-40%; additionally, the agents should be added before water addition. The highest Cd removal rate was 58.94% (±1.19%) with a ∆pH of 0.23, which is much higher than the rates reported in previous studies. The compound amendment was used in a field experiment, demonstrating a Cd removal efficiency of 48.78% (±4.23), further confirming its effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunhong Huang
- Hunan Research Institute of Nonferrous Metals, Changsha, 410100, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qian Li
- Hunan Research Institute of Nonferrous Metals, Changsha, 410100, China
| | - Zhen Su
- Hunan Research Institute of Nonferrous Metals, Changsha, 410100, China.
| | - Cuiyu Yuan
- Hunan Research Institute of Nonferrous Metals, Changsha, 410100, China
| | - Kun Ouyang
- Hunan Research Institute of Nonferrous Metals, Changsha, 410100, China
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Qiu C, He Y, Brookes P, Xu J. The systematic characterization of nanoscale bamboo charcoal and its sorption on phenanthrene:A comparison with microscale. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 578:399-407. [PMID: 27836346 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the characteristics of nanoscale bamboo charcoal (NBC), and made a comparison with microscale bamboo charcoal (MBC) on how they impact on the sorption abilities of different soils. The two charcoals contained similar elemental contents (e.g., high C, low H and low N) and various functional groups on their surfaces (e.g., aromatic structure, carboxyl, and hydroxyl). However, NBC had a larger total pore volume than that of MBC and was more likely to generate multi-layer sorption of phenanthrene. Controlled by van der Waals forces and electrostatic forces, NBC formed meso-and macropores (intra-particle porosity) and a more intricate pore structure. The performance of NBC in aqueous and soil-water systems was conspicuous and impressing. In aqueous system, by virtue of its larger pore volume, surface area and nonprotonated aromatic carbon, the Kd (sorption coefficient) of NBC reached up to 1.24×106, almost 10 times higher than that of MBC. In soil-water systems, although it could aggregate and react with compounds in soil, the performance of NBC was not weakened by the complicated soil properties, and was still more capable of phenanthrene sorption than MBC, even at an extremely low addition rate 0.2% in soils. Additionally, in comparison with some other common biochars, NBC still showed a promising capacity for phenanthrene sorption in two systems. This finding increases our knowledge of NBC for the remediation of organic pollutants in soil and indicates that the addition rate of charcoals in soils could be reduced by lessening the particle size. Therefore, NBC provides a new possibility for soil pollutant remediation and deserves further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Qiu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan He
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Philip Brookes
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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31
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Souza FL, Llanos J, Sáez C, Lanza MRV, Rodrigo MA, Cañizares P. Performance of wind-powered soil electroremediation process for the removal of 2,4-D from soil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 171:128-132. [PMID: 26861224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, it is studied a wind-powered electrokinetic soil flushing process for the removal of pesticides from soil. This approach aims to develop an eco-friendly electrochemical soil treatment technique and to face the in-situ treatment of polluted soils at remote locations. Herbicide 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is selected as a model pollutant for the soil treatment tests. The performance of the wind-powered process throughout a 15 days experiment is compared to the same remediation process powered by a conventional DC power supply. The wind-powered test covered many different wind conditions (from calm to near gale), being performed 20.7% under calm conditions and 17% under moderate or gentle breeze. According to the results obtained, the wind-powered soil treatment is feasible, obtaining a 53.9% removal of 2,4-D after 15 days treatment. Nevertheless, the remediation is more efficient if it is fed by a constant electric input (conventional DC power supply), reaching a 90.2% removal of 2,4-D with a much lower amount of charge supplied (49.2 A h kg(-1) and 4.33 A h kg(-1) for wind-powered and conventional) within the same operation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Souza
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, P.O. Box 780, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - J Llanos
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - C Sáez
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M R V Lanza
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, P.O. Box 780, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - P Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
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Zhao S, Fan L, Zhou M, Zhu X, Li X. Remediation of Copper Contaminated Kaolin by Electrokinetics Coupled with Permeable Reactive Barrier. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proenv.2016.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Duong Pham
- Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Mikkeli, Finland
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Heavy metal removal from MSWI fly ash by electrokinetic remediation coupled with a permeable activated charcoal reactive barrier. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15412. [PMID: 26486449 PMCID: PMC4613910 DOI: 10.1038/srep15412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the investigations into the feasibility of the application of a remediation system that couples electrokinetic remediation (EKR) with the permeable reactive barrier (PRB) concept for municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash with activated charcoal as the PRB material. The experimental results of this study showed that the proposed combined method can effectively improve the remediation efficiency and that the addition of the oxalic acid to the PRB media before the coupled system can further enhance the remediation process. In the optimization tests, the maximum removals of Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd were achieved under different experimental conditions. The voltage gradient and processing time were shown to have significant effects on the removal of Cu and Cd, whereas the addition of the oxalic acid had a more significant influence on the removal of Pb. Generally, the processing time is the most significant factor in changing the removal rates of HMs in the enhanced coupled system. In terms of the leaching toxicity, the specimen remediated by ENEKR + PRB showed the lowest leaching value for each HM in the S2 and S3 regions.
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Valt RBG, Diógenes AN, Sanches LS, Kaminari NMS, Ponte MJJS, Ponte HA. ACIDIC REMOVAL OF METALS FROM FLUIDIZED CATALYTIC CRACKING CATALYST WASTE ASSISTED BY ELECTROKINETIC TREATMENT. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20150322s00003459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Yang S. Simultaneous removal of Co(II) and 1-naphthol by core–shell structured Fe3O4@cyclodextrin magnetic nanoparticles. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 114:521-529. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Geochemical modeling of trivalent chromium migration in saline-sodic soil during Lasagna process: impact on soil physicochemical properties. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:272794. [PMID: 25152905 PMCID: PMC4131513 DOI: 10.1155/2014/272794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Trivalent Cr is one of the heavy metals that are difficult to be removed from soil using electrokinetic study because of its geochemical properties. High buffering capacity soil is expected to reduce the mobility of the trivalent Cr and subsequently reduce the remedial efficiency thereby complicating the remediation process. In this study, geochemical modeling and migration of trivalent Cr in saline-sodic soil (high buffering capacity and alkaline) during integrated electrokinetics-adsorption remediation, called the Lasagna process, were investigated. The remedial efficiency of trivalent Cr in addition to the impacts of the Lasagna process on the physicochemical properties of the soil was studied. Box-Behnken design was used to study the interaction effects of voltage gradient, initial contaminant concentration, and polarity reversal rate on the soil pH, electroosmotic volume, soil electrical conductivity, current, and remedial efficiency of trivalent Cr in saline-sodic soil that was artificially spiked with Cr, Cu, Cd, Pb, Hg, phenol, and kerosene. Overall desirability of 0.715 was attained at the following optimal conditions: voltage gradient 0.36 V/cm; polarity reversal rate 17.63 hr; soil pH 10.0. Under these conditions, the expected trivalent Cr remedial efficiency is 64.75 %.
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Zhou M, Zhu S, Liu F, Zhou D. Pulse-enhanced electrokinetic remediation of fluorine-contaminated soil. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-014-0137-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Gill RT, Harbottle MJ, Smith JWN, Thornton SF. Electrokinetic-enhanced bioremediation of organic contaminants: a review of processes and environmental applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 107:31-42. [PMID: 24875868 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
There is current interest in finding sustainable remediation technologies for the removal of contaminants from soil and groundwater. This review focuses on the combination of electrokinetics, the use of an electric potential to move organic and inorganic compounds, or charged particles/organisms in the subsurface independent of hydraulic conductivity; and bioremediation, the destruction of organic contaminants or attenuation of inorganic compounds by the activity of microorganisms in situ or ex situ. The objective of the review is to examine the state of knowledge on electrokinetic bioremediation and critically evaluate factors which affect the up-scaling of laboratory and bench-scale research to field-scale application. It discusses the mechanisms of electrokinetic bioremediation in the subsurface environment at different micro and macroscales, the influence of environmental processes on electrokinetic phenomena and the design options available for application to the field scale. The review also presents results from a modelling exercise to illustrate the effectiveness of electrokinetics on the supply electron acceptors to a plume scale scenario where these are limiting. Current research needs include analysis of electrokinetic bioremediation in more representative environmental settings, such as those in physically heterogeneous systems in order to gain a greater understanding of the controlling mechanisms on both electrokinetics and bioremediation in those scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Gill
- Groundwater Protection and Restoration Group, University of Sheffield, Department of Civil & Structural Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK.
| | - M J Harbottle
- Institute of Environment and Sustainability, Cardiff University, School of Engineering, Queen's Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
| | - J W N Smith
- Shell Global Solutions, Lange Kleiweg 40, 2288 GK Rijswijk, The Netherlands; Groundwater Protection and Restoration Group, University of Sheffield, Department of Civil & Structural Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK
| | - S F Thornton
- Groundwater Protection and Restoration Group, University of Sheffield, Department of Civil & Structural Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK
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Rodrigo MA, Oturan N, Oturan MA. Electrochemically Assisted Remediation of Pesticides in Soils and Water: A Review. Chem Rev 2014; 114:8720-45. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500077e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, University of Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - N. Oturan
- Laboratoire
de Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), Université Paris Est, 5 bd Descartes, 77454 Marne la Vallée Cedex 2, France
| | - M. A. Oturan
- Laboratoire
de Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), Université Paris Est, 5 bd Descartes, 77454 Marne la Vallée Cedex 2, France
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Hahladakis JN, Lekkas N, Smponias A, Gidarakos E. Sequential application of chelating agents and innovative surfactants for the enhanced electroremediation of real sediments from toxic metals and PAHs. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 105:44-52. [PMID: 24321329 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the sequential application of a chelating agent (citric acid) followed by a surfactant in the simultaneous electroremediation of real contaminated sediments from toxic metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). Furthermore, the efficiency evaluation of two innovative non-ionic surfactants, commercially known as Poloxamer 407 and Nonidet P40, was investigated. The results indicated a removal efficacy of approximately 43% and 48% for the summation of PAHs (SUM PAHs), respectively for the aforementioned surfactants, much better than the one obtained by the use of Tween 80 (nearly 21%). Individual PAHs (e.g. fluorene) were removed in percentages that reached almost 84% and 92% in the respective electrokinetic experiments when these new surfactants were introduced. In addition, the combined-enhanced sequential electrokinetic treatment with citric acid improved dramatically the removal of Zn and As, compared to the unenhanced run, but did not favor the other toxic metals examined. Since no improvement in metal removal percentages occurred when Tween 80 was used, significant contribution to this matter should also be attributed to the solubilization capacity of these innovative, in electrokinetic remediation, non-ionic surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Hahladakis
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Politechnioupolis, Chania 73100, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Lekkas
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Politechnioupolis, Chania 73100, Greece
| | - Andreas Smponias
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Politechnioupolis, Chania 73100, Greece
| | - Evangelos Gidarakos
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Politechnioupolis, Chania 73100, Greece.
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Ruiz C, Mena E, Cañizares P, Villaseñor J, Rodrigo MA. Removal of 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol from Spiked Clay Soils by Electrokinetic Soil Flushing Assisted with Granular Activated Carbon Permeable Reactive Barrier. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie4028022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Ruiz
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty
of Chemical Sciences and Technology, University of Castilla La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Esperanza Mena
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Research Institute for Chemical and Environmental
Technology (ITQUIMA), University of Castilla La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pablo Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty
of Chemical Sciences and Technology, University of Castilla La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José Villaseñor
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Research Institute for Chemical and Environmental
Technology (ITQUIMA), University of Castilla La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Manuel A. Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty
of Chemical Sciences and Technology, University of Castilla La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
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Coupled electrokinetics-adsorption technique for simultaneous removal of heavy metals and organics from saline-sodic soil. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:346910. [PMID: 24235885 PMCID: PMC3819925 DOI: 10.1155/2013/346910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In situ remediation technologies for contaminated soils are faced with significant technical challenges when the contaminated soil has low permeability. Popular traditional technologies are rendered ineffective due to the difficulty encountered in accessing the contaminants as well as when employed in settings where the soil contains mixed contaminants such as petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and polar organics. In this study, an integrated in situ remediation technique that couples electrokinetics with adsorption, using locally produced granular activated carbon from date palm pits in the treatment zones that are installed directly to bracket the contaminated soils at bench-scale, is investigated. Natural saline-sodic soil, spiked with contaminant mixture (kerosene, phenol, Cr, Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Hg), was used in this study to investigate the efficiency of contaminant removal. For the 21-day period of continuous electrokinetics-adsorption experimental run, efficiency for the removal of Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, Cr, Hg, phenol, and kerosene was found to reach 26.8, 55.8, 41.0, 34.4, 75.9, 92.49, 100.0, and 49.8%, respectively. The results obtained suggest that integrating adsorption into electrokinetic technology is a promising solution for removal of contaminant mixture from saline-sodic soils.
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44
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Zhou M, Zhu S, Liu Y, Wang X. Removal of fluorine from contaminated soil by electrokinetic treatment driven by solar energy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:5806-5812. [PMID: 23475445 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1595-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Instead of direct current power supply, a series of electrokinetic remediation experiments driven by solar energy on fluorine-contaminated soil were conducted in a self-made electrolyzer, in order to reduce energy expenditure of electrokinetic remediation. After the 12-day electrokinetic remediation driven by solar energy, the removal efficiency of fluorine was 22.3%, and electrokinetic treatment had an impact on changes in partitioning of fluorine in soil. It proved that the combination of electrokinetics and solar energy was feasible and effective to some extent for the remediation of fluorine-contaminated soil. Meanwhile, the experimental results also indicated that the electromigration was a more dominant transport mechanism for the removal of fluorine from contaminated soil than electroosmosis, and the weather condition was the important factor in affecting the removal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhou
- Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China.
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45
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Meng X, Zhang Y, Lu J, Zhang Z, Liu L, Chu PK. Effect of bamboo charcoal powder on the curing characteristics, mechanical properties, and thermal properties of styrene-butadiene rubber with bamboo charcoal powder. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianghai Meng
- National Laboratory of Mineral Materials; School of Materials Science and Technology; China University of Geosciences; Beijing; 100083; China
| | | | - Jinbo Lu
- National Laboratory of Mineral Materials; School of Materials Science and Technology; China University of Geosciences; Beijing; 100083; China
| | - Zhilei Zhang
- National Laboratory of Mineral Materials; School of Materials Science and Technology; China University of Geosciences; Beijing; 100083; China
| | - Leipeng Liu
- National Laboratory of Mineral Materials; School of Materials Science and Technology; China University of Geosciences; Beijing; 100083; China
| | - Paul K. Chu
- Department of Physics and Materials Science; City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue; Kowloon; Hong Kong; China
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Wang J, Li F, Li X, Wang X, Li X, Su Z, Zhang H, Guo S. Effects of electrokinetic operation mode on removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and the indigenous fungal community in PAH-contaminated soil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2013; 48:1677-1684. [PMID: 23947706 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2013.815500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetic remediation is an emerging physical remediation technology for the removal of heavy metals and organic chemicals from contaminated soil. We set up a soil chamber (24 × 12 × 8 cm) with two stainless steel electrodes (12 × 0.5 cm), and a constant voltage gradient of 1.0 v cm(-1) or 2.0 v cm(-1) was applied to study the effects of unidirectional and altered directional electric field operation modes on the moisture content and pH, the removal rate of PAHs, and the abundance and diversity of indigenous fungi in a PAH-contaminated soil at the Benxi Iron and Steel Group Corporation (N41°17'24.4″, E123°43'05.8″), Liaoning Province, Northeast China. Electrokinetic remediation increased the PAH removal rate, but had less effect on soil moisture content and pH, in comparison with the control. In the 1 v cm(-1) altered directional operation, in particular, the PAH removal rate by the end of the experiment (on day 23) had increased from 5.2% of the control to 13.84% and 13.69% at distances of 4 and 20 cm from the anode, respectively, and to 18.97% in the middle region of the soil chamber. On day 23, the indigenous fungal 18S rRNA gene copy numbers and community diversity were significantly higher in a voltage gradient of 1 v cm(-1) than in a voltage gradient 2 v cm(-1). An altered directional operation was more conducive to the fungal community's uniform distribution than was a unidirectional operation of the electric field. We found the major PAH-degrading fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizophlyctis rosea to be present under EK remediation. We suggest that a 1 v cm(-1) altered directional operation could be an appropriate electrokinetic operation mode for PAH removal, and the maintenance of abundance and diversity of the indigenous fungal community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, PR China
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47
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Giannis A, Tay E, Kao J, Wang JY. Impact of vertical electrokinetic-flushing technology to remove heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contaminated soil. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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48
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Gomes HI, Dias-Ferreira C, Ribeiro AB. Electrokinetic remediation of organochlorines in soil: enhancement techniques and integration with other remediation technologies. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 87:1077-1090. [PMID: 22386462 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetic remediation has been increasingly used in soils and other matrices for numerous contaminants such as inorganic, organic, radionuclides, explosives and their mixtures. Several strategies were tested to improve this technology effectiveness, namely techniques to solubilize contaminants, control soil pH and also couple electrokinetics with other remediation technologies. This review focus in the experimental work carried out in organochlorines soil electroremediation, aiming to systemize useful information to researchers in this field. It is not possible to clearly state what technique is the best, since experimental approaches and targeted contaminants are different. Further research is needed in the application of some of the reviewed techniques. Also a number of technical and environmental issues will require evaluation for full-scale application. Removal efficiencies reported in real contaminated soils are much lower than the ones obtained with spiked kaolinite, showing the influence of other factors like aging of the contamination and adsorption to soil particles, resulting in important challenges when transferring technologies into the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena I Gomes
- CENSE, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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49
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Yeung AT, Gu YY. A review on techniques to enhance electrochemical remediation of contaminated soils. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 195:11-29. [PMID: 21889259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical remediation is a promising remediation technology for soils contaminated with inorganic, organic, and mixed contaminants. A direct-current electric field is imposed on the contaminated soil to extract the contaminants by the combined mechanisms of electroosmosis, electromigration, and/or electrophoresis. The technology is particularly effective in fine-grained soils of low hydraulic conductivity and large specific surface area. However, the effectiveness of the technology may be diminished by sorption of contaminants on soil particle surfaces and various effects induced by the hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions generated at the electrodes. Various enhancement techniques have been developed to tackle these diminishing effects. A comprehensive review of these techniques is given in this paper with a view to providing useful information to researchers and practitioners in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert T Yeung
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
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50
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Wan C, Du M, Lee DJ, Yang X, Ma W, Zheng L. Electrokinetic remediation of β-cyclodextrin dissolved petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil using multiple electrodes. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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