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Zou Y, Liu Y, Li W, Cao Q, Wang X, Hu Z, Cai Q, Lou L. Ethylene is the key phytohormone to enhance arsenic resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 281:116644. [PMID: 38944009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
The toxic metalloid arsenic is prevalent in the environment and poses a threat to nearly all organisms. However, the mechanism by which phytohormones modulate arsenic resistance is not well-understood. Therefore, we analyzed multiple phytohormones based on the results of transcriptome sequencing, content changes, and related mutant growth under arsenic stress. We found that ethylene was the key phytohormone in Arabidopsis thaliana response to arsenic. Further investigation showed the ethylene-overproducing mutant eto1-1 generated less malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2, and O2•- under arsenic stress compared to wild-type, while the ethylene-insensitive mutant ein2-5 displayed opposite patterns. Compared to wild-type, eto1-1 accumulated a smaller amount of arsenic and a larger amount of non-protein thiols. Additionally, the immediate ethylene precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), enhanced resistance to arsenic in wide-type, but not in mutants with impaired detoxification capability (i.e., cad1-3, pad2-1, abcc1abcc2), which confirmed that ethylene regulated arsenic detoxification by enhancing arsenic chelation. ACC also upregulated the expression of gene(s) involved in arsenic detoxification, among which ABCC2 was directly transcriptionally activated by the ethylene master transcription factor ethylene-insensitive 3 (EIN3). Overall, our study shows that ethylene is the key phytohormone to enhance arsenic resistance by reducing arsenic accumulation and promoting arsenic detoxification at both physiological and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Zou
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qingqing Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhubing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Qingsheng Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Laiqing Lou
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Huang L, Yang X, Xie Z, Li S, Liang X, Hu Z. Residual effects of sulfur application prior to oilseed rape cultivation on cadmium accumulation in brown rice under an oilseed rape-rice rotation pot experiment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 225:112765. [PMID: 34530260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate how sulfur (S) application prior to oilseed rape cultivation influences the uptake of cadmium (Cd) by rice grown in low- and high-Cd soils. A pot experiment involving four S levels (0, 30, 60, 120 mg S kg-1) combined with two Cd rates (low and high-0.35 and 10.35 mg Cd kg-1, respectively) was conducted. Soil pore water during rice growth and plant tissues at maturity were analyzed. The soil pore water results indicated that S application decreased Cd solubility under submergence due to the S-induced increase of soil pH and the enhancement of sulfide formation in soil micropores. When S was applied at rates of 30, 60 and 120 mg S kg-1, brown rice Cd concentrations decreased by 18%, 18%, and 55% (p < 0.05) in the low-Cd soil but increased by 20%, 40%, and 40% in the high-Cd soil compared with those in the non-S treatment. The different effects of S on Cd accumulation in brown rice were related to Cd-induced oxidative stress in the rice plants. In low-Cd soils, a S-induced increase in phytochelatins in rice roots restricted and inhibited Cd translocation in brown rice. In high-Cd soils, the Cd-induced oxidative stress in rice plants weakened the protective effects of S, while highlighted the promotion of Cd uptake by S. Overall, S fertilizer is recommended for oilseed rape-rice rotations in low-Cd paddy fields. In high Cd-contaminated fields, oilseed rape-rice rotations are suitable for the simultaneous remediation by oilseed rape and production of rice without S fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen 1871, Denmark; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research (SDC), Beijing 101408, China.
| | - Xiaosong Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
| | - Zijian Xie
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
| | - Songyan Li
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen 1871, Denmark; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research (SDC), Beijing 101408, China.
| | - Xiaomeng Liang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen 1871, Denmark.
| | - Zhengyi Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research (SDC), Beijing 101408, China.
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Huang H, Li M, Rizwan M, Dai Z, Yuan Y, Hossain MM, Cao M, Xiong S, Tu S. Synergistic effect of silicon and selenium on the alleviation of cadmium toxicity in rice plants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 401:123393. [PMID: 32763692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) and selenium (Se), two beneficial elements that alleviate cadmium (Cd) toxicity, are important for agricultural production and human health. However, the effects and related mechanisms of Si-Se interaction on Cd toxicity alleviation are still poorly understood. Herein, a hydroponic experiment was employed to evaluate the effects of Si and Se alone and together, on the growth, Cd content, and biochemical parameters of Cd-treated rice plants. The results revealed that both Si and Se can effectively alleviate Cd toxicity, and a strong synergistic effect of Si and Se was observed. Simultaneous use of Si and Se significantly promoted rice plant growth, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in both the roots and shoots, and reduced Cd translocation factor leading to a significant 73.2 % decrease in shoot Cd content. Additionally, Si-Se interaction increased glutathione (GSH) content, phytochelatin (PC) content and Cd distribution in root cell walls and organelles. Furthermore, the relative expression of OsHMA2 was down-regulated, while those of OsNramp1 and OsMHA3 were up-regulated. The above findings suggest that synergistic effect of Si and Se on Cd toxicity amelioration occurs mainly via regulating gene expression, sequestering Cd in the root cell walls and organelles, and reducing Cd transfer to the shoots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengliang Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Research Center for Soil Remediation Engineering, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mei Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Institute of Soil Science, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Zhihua Dai
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Research Center for Soil Remediation Engineering, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Research Center for Soil Remediation Engineering, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Md Muzammel Hossain
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Research Center for Soil Remediation Engineering, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Menghua Cao
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Research Center for Soil Remediation Engineering, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shuanglian Xiong
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Research Center for Soil Remediation Engineering, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shuxin Tu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Research Center for Soil Remediation Engineering, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Szalai G, Tajti J, Hamow KÁ, Ildikó D, Khalil R, Vanková R, Dobrev P, Misheva SP, Janda T, Pál M. Molecular background of cadmium tolerance in Rht dwarf wheat mutant is related to a metabolic shift from proline and polyamine to phytochelatin synthesis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:23664-23676. [PMID: 32291640 PMCID: PMC7326835 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08661-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant height is among the most important agronomic traits influencing crop yield. Wheat lines carrying Rht genes are important in plant breeding due to their both higher yield capacity and better tolerance to certain environmental stresses. However, the effects of dwarf-inducing genes on stress acclimation mechanisms are still poorly understood. Under the present conditions, cadmium stress induced different stress responses and defence mechanisms in the wild-type and dwarf mutant, and the mutant with the Rht-B1c allele exhibited higher tolerance. In the wild type after cadmium treatment, the abscisic acid synthesis increased in the leaves, which in turn might have induced the polyamine and proline metabolisms in the roots. However, in the mutant line, the slight increment in the leaf abscisic acid content accompanied by relatively high salicylic acid accumulation was not sufficient to induce such a great accumulation of proline and putrescine. Although changes in proline and polyamines, especially putrescine, showed similar patterns, the accumulation of these compounds was antagonistically related to the phytochelatin synthesis in the roots of the wild type after cadmium stress. In the dwarf genotype, a favourable metabolic shift from the synthesis of polyamine and proline to that of phytochelatin was responsible for the higher cadmium tolerance observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Szalai
- Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462, Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary
| | - Judit Tajti
- Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462, Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary
| | | | - Denyicska Ildikó
- Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462, Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary
| | - Radwan Khalil
- Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, 13518, Egypt
| | - Radomira Vanková
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 165 02, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dobrev
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 165 02, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Svetlana P Misheva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tibor Janda
- Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462, Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary
| | - Magda Pál
- Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462, Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary.
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5
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Nosek M, Kaczmarczyk A, Jędrzejczyk RJ, Supel P, Kaszycki P, Miszalski Z. Expression of Genes Involved in Heavy Metal Trafficking in Plants Exposed to Salinity Stress and Elevated Cd Concentrations. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9040475. [PMID: 32283631 PMCID: PMC7238198 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many areas intended for crop production suffer from the concomitant occurrence of heavy metal pollution and elevated salinity; therefore, halophytes seem to represent a promising perspective for the bioremediation of contaminated soils. In this study, the influence of Cd treatment (0.01-10.0 mM) and salinity stress (0.4 M NaCl) on the expression of genes involved in heavy metal uptake (irt2-iron-regulated protein 2, zip4-zinc-induced protein 4), vacuolar sequestration (abcc2-ATP-binding cassette 2, cax4-cation exchanger 2 pcs1-phytochelatin synthase 1) and translocation into aerial organs (hma4-heavy metal ATPase 4) were analyzed in a soil-grown semi-halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. The upregulation of irt2 expression induced by salinity was additionally enhanced by Cd treatment. Such changes were not observed for zip4. Stressor-induced alterations in abcc2, cax4, hma4 and pcs1 expression were most pronounced in the root tissue, and the expression of cax4, hma4 and pcs1 was upregulated in response to salinity and Cd. However, the cumulative effect of both stressors, similar to the one described for irt2, was observed only in the case of pcs1. The importance of salt stress in the irt2 expression regulation mechanism is proposed. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report the combined effect of salinity and heavy metal stress on genes involved in heavy metal trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Nosek
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence: e-mail: ; Tel.: +48-12-662-78-32
| | - Adriana Kaczmarczyk
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (A.K.); (Z.M.)
| | - Roman J. Jędrzejczyk
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Paulina Supel
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland; (P.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Paweł Kaszycki
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland; (P.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Zbigniew Miszalski
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (A.K.); (Z.M.)
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
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6
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Zhang XF, Hu ZH, Yan TX, Lu RR, Peng CL, Li SS, Jing YX. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviate Cd phytotoxicity by altering Cd subcellular distribution and chemical forms in Zea mays. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 171:352-360. [PMID: 30616152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) can relieve Cd phytotoxicity and improve plant growth, but the mechanisms involved in this process have still been not completely known. In the present work, a pot experiment was conducted to examine productions of glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatins (PCs), and absorption, chemical forms and subcellular distribution of Cd in maize (Zea mays) inoculated with or without AMF (Rhizophagus intraradices (Ri) and Glomus versiforme (Gv)) in Cd-amended soils (0, 1 and 5 mg Cd kg-1 soil). In general, both Ri and Gv inoculation dramatically enhanced biomass production and reduced Cd concentrations in shoots and roots of maize when compared to the non-mycorrhizal treatment. Moreover, both Ri and Gv symbiosis obviously increased contents of GSH and PCs, both in shoots and roots. Subcellular distribution of Cd in maize indicated that most of Cd (more than 90%) was accumulated in cell wall and soluble fraction. In addition, Cd proportions in soluble fractions in shoots of maize inoculated with Gv or Ri were considerably increased, but reduced in cell wall fractions compared to non-mycorrhizal maize, indicating that mycorrhizal symbiosis promoted Cd transfer to vacuoles. Furthermore, proportions of Cd in inorganic and water-soluble forms were declined, but elevated in pectates and proteins-integrated forms in mycorrhizal maize, which suggested that Gv and Ri could convert Cd into inactive forms. These observations could provide a further understanding of potential Cd detoxification mechanism in maize inoculated with AMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Zun-He Hu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Ting-Xiu Yan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Rui-Rui Lu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Chang-Lian Peng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Shao-Shan Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Yuan-Xiao Jing
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China.
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Yu XZ, Lin YJ, Zhang Q. Metallothioneins enhance chromium detoxification through scavenging ROS and stimulating metal chelation in Oryza sativa. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 220:300-313. [PMID: 30590296 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) is a metal ion binding protein to detoxify heavy metal stress in plant cells. This study examines involvement of MTs in metal chelation and ROS scavenging in rice seedling under Cr induction either Cr(VI) or Cr(III) at three different effective concentrations using Agilent 44K rice microarray and real-time PCR technology. Results showed that the concentration of Cr was higher in roots than in shoots in both Cr treatments. Accumulation of both H2O2 and O2- in rice tissues was evident, but the fluctuation of H2O2 was more remarkable than O2-. Both Cr exposures resulted in enhancement of MTs in plant tissues. Results from PCR analysis confirmed that ten specific OsMT genes responsible for regulating ROS removal were expressed differentially in plant tissues as well as in Cr variants, suggesting that their different regulation and responsiveness strategies. Expression patterns of metal chelation-related OsMT genes, after Cr exposure were also inconsistent in rice tissues. Longer exposure periods caused more transcriptional changes in both Cr treatments. We also noticed that OsMT1b might carry more weight during Cr chelation in roots rather than in shoots, while OsMT2c had more important role in eliminating H2O2 accumulation in shoots than roots. These results suggest that different speciation of Cr in rice tissues resulted in inconsistent transcriptional changes of OsMT genes, which functioned in different regulation and responsiveness pathways responsible for metal ions chelating and ROS scavenging during Cr detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Zhang Yu
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory & Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Juan Lin
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory & Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory & Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
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Wu Y, Yuan Y, Yuan H, Zhang W, Zhang L. Predicting cadmium toxicity with the kinetics of phytochelatin induction in a marine diatom. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 207:101-109. [PMID: 30557755 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phytochelatin (PC) synthesis is thought to be a rapid and specific response to metal exposure in marine phytoplankton, but its potential as a predictor of metal toxicity is far from conclusive. Thus this research examines the bioaccumulation, PC induction, and toxicity of Cadmium (Cd) in Thalassiosira weissflogii, a coastal diatom under varying nutrient conditions. Nitrogen limitation strongly inhibited Cd uptake and PC induction at the same [Cd2+] level, and increased metal sensitivity. Conversely, phosphorus limitation had little influence on Cd accumulation and PC induction, yet also enhanced metal effect on growth. Differential growth inhibitions were correlated with [Cd2+], intracellular Cd concentration, PC concentration, the kinetics of Cd uptake and PC induction, respectively. It was found that stronger interrelations existed between kinetic rates (both Cd uptake and PC synthesis) and Cd sensitivity than between the static concentrations (Cd and PC) and growth inhibition. Moreover, according to the calculated median inhibition concentration (IC50), median effective uptake rate of Cd, as well as median effective induction rate of PCs, the latter two showed the smallest variation when nutrients were varied (1.4-1.9 fold). Our study set out the first step toward considering the use of PC synthesis kinetics to predict metal toxicity for phytoplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (AEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing, 210044, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (AEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Hezhong Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (AEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
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9
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Buchtova Z, Lackova Z, Kudr J, Zitka Z, Skoda J, Zitka O. Capillary Blood GSH Level Monitoring, Using an Electrochemical Method Adapted for Micro Volumes. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102504. [PMID: 30274319 PMCID: PMC6222753 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine; also known as GSH) is an endogenous antioxidant that plays a crucial role in cell defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. It is thus not surprising that this molecule can serve as a biomarker for oxidative stress monitoring. As capillary blood is a highly accessible target for biomarking, it is a valuable bodily fluid for diagnosing human GSH levels. This study focused on the optimization of GSH measurements from micro volumes of capillary blood prior to using electrochemical detection. The optimization of experimental parameters, including the sample volume and its stability, was performed and evaluated. Moreover, we tested the optimized method as part of a short-term study. The study consisted of examining 10 subjects within 96 h of their consumption of high amounts of antioxidants, attained from a daily dose of 2 g/150 mL of green tea. The subjects' capillary blood (5 μL) was taken at 0 h, 48 h, and 96 h for subsequent analysis. The short-term supplementation of diet with green tea showed an increase of GSH pool by approximately 38% (between 0 and 48 h) within all subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaneta Buchtova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Zuzana Lackova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiri Kudr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdenek Zitka
- University Sports Centre, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Komenskeho namesti 2, CZ-662 43 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Skoda
- University Sports Centre, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Komenskeho namesti 2, CZ-662 43 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondrej Zitka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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10
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Yu XZ, Ling QL, Li YH, Lin YJ. mRNA Analysis of Genes Encoded with Phytochelatin Synthase (PCS) in Rice Seedlings Exposed to Chromium: The Role of Phytochelatins in Cr Detoxification. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 101:257-261. [PMID: 29785647 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2362-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional changes of genes encoded with phytochelatins synthase (PCS) was investigated in rice seedlings exposed to potassium chromate Cr(VI) or chromium nitrate Cr(III) using qRT-PCR. Our study demonstrates that both Cr variants initiated different responses of phytochelatin content and PCS activities in rice tissues. Six putative PCS genes were expressed differentially in response to both Cr species. Comparing gene expression between root/shoots, only LOC_Os05g34290.1 and LOC_Os06g01260.1 genes were expressed in similar patterns in Cr(VI) treatment, while none of them were expressed equally in Cr(III) treatments. Inconsistent expression of PCS genes in two Cr variants as well as in rice tissues were most likely related to its individual chemical properties and chemical speciation. Results presented here indicate that the role of phytochelatins in Cr detoxification between two Cr variants in rice was different and six putative PCS genes functioned differently in stimulating PCS activities and regulating phytochelatin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Zhang Yu
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory & Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qin-Long Ling
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory & Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory & Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Juan Lin
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory & Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
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Application of selective extraction and reverse phase chromatography with three detectors – PAD, FLD and ESI MS for characterization of platinum metabolites and identification of phytochelatins in Sinapis alba L. tissues. Microchem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Li Z, Qi X, Fan X, Du Z, Hu C, Zhao Z, Isa Y, Liu Y. Amending the seedling bed of eggplant with biochar can further immobilize Cd in contaminated soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 572:626-633. [PMID: 27567319 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Untreated municipal sewage is a potential source of Cd but has been used for irrigating vegetables in many countries in recent years. In growing vegetables and fruits in greenhouses, seedling breeding method is generally used in which the seedlings are transplanted into soils together with their seedling culture. Biochar has been increasingly used to amend soils contaminated by heavy metals, but there are few studies on the effectiveness of different ways of applying the biochar. In this paper, we investigated the efficacy of immobilizing Cd by amending eggplant seedling bed with biochar before transplanting them to biochar-amended soil contaminated by Cd. The results showed that, in comparison with traditional seedling method (without adding biochar), amending the seedling bed by biochar not only had a positive effect on plant growth and production, but further reduced the Cd concentration in the roots, shoots and the fruits by 12.2%, 12.5% and 18.5%, respectively. Furthermore, it increased the pH in rhizosphere to 8.83, reduced the exchangeable Cd concentration in soil by 28.6%, and decreased the Cd bio-accumulation factor from 0.36 to 0.32. Phytochelatin synthesis could be induced when plants are exposed to Cd and it has been used in the literature as a biomarker for evaluating metal toxicity. Our results showed that the seedling culture amended with biochar reduced phytochelatin synthesis in both roots and shoots. It can therefore be concluded that amending the eggplant seedlings bed with biochar can further enhance the effectiveness of remediating Cd contamination in soil after transplanting the plants into soil also amended with biochar. CAPSULE ABSTRACT We found a new method to further immobilize Cd in contaminated soils by amending the seedling bed with biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyang Li
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China; Key Laboratory of High-efficient and Safe Utilization of Agriculture Water Resources of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
| | - Xuebin Qi
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China; Key Laboratory of High-efficient and Safe Utilization of Agriculture Water Resources of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China.
| | - Xiangyang Fan
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China; Key Laboratory of High-efficient and Safe Utilization of Agriculture Water Resources of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
| | - Zhenjie Du
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China; Key Laboratory of High-efficient and Safe Utilization of Agriculture Water Resources of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
| | - Chao Hu
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China; Key Laboratory of High-efficient and Safe Utilization of Agriculture Water Resources of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
| | - Zhijuan Zhao
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China; Key Laboratory of High-efficient and Safe Utilization of Agriculture Water Resources of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
| | - Yunusa Isa
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, New South Wales 2351, Australia
| | - Yuan Liu
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China; Key Laboratory of High-efficient and Safe Utilization of Agriculture Water Resources of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
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Merlos MA, Zitka O, Vojtech A, Azcón-Aguilar C, Ferrol N. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis differentially regulates the copper response of two maize cultivars differing in copper tolerance. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 253:68-76. [PMID: 27968998 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhiza can increase plant tolerance to heavy metals. The effects of arbuscular mycorrhiza on plant metal tolerance vary depending on the fungal and plant species involved. Here, we report the effect of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis on the physiological and biochemical responses to Cu of two maize genotypes differing in Cu tolerance, the Cu-sensitive cv. Orense and the Cu-tolerant cv. Oropesa. Development of the symbiosis confers an increased Cu tolerance to cv. Orense. Root and shoot Cu concentrations were lower in mycorrhizal than in non-mycorrhizal plants of both cultivars. Shoot lipid peroxidation increased with soil Cu content only in non-mycorrhizal plants of the Cu-sensitive cultivar. Root lipid peroxidation increased with soil Cu content, except in mycorrhizal plants grown at 250mg Cu kg-1soil. In shoots of mycorrhizal plants of both cultivars, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and glutathione reductase activities were not affected by soil Cu content. In Cu-supplemented soils, total phytochelatin content increased in shoots of mycorrhizal cv. Orense but decreased in cv. Oropesa. Overall, these data suggest that the increased Cu tolerance of mycorrhizal plants of cv. Orense could be due to an increased induction of shoot phytochelatin biosynthesis by the symbiosis in this cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Merlos
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Zitka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Vojtech
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Concepción Azcón-Aguilar
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Nuria Ferrol
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
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Wei S, Bai J, Yang C, Zhang Q, Knorrm KH, Zhan J, Gao Q. Compound amino acids added in media improved Solanum nigrum L. phytoremediating CD-PAHS contaminated soil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2016; 18:358-363. [PMID: 26515779 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2015.1109592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cd hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. was a promising plant used to simultaneously remediate Cd-PAHs combined pollution soil through its extra accumulation capacity and rhizosphere degradation. This article compared the strengthening remediation role of cysteine (Cys), glycine (Gly) and glutamic acid (Glu) with EDTA and TW80. The results showed that the addition of 0.03 mmol L(-1) Cys, Gly, and Glu didn't significantly impact (p < 0.05) shoot biomass of S. nigrum, but obviously increased Cd concentration. Therefore, Cd capacity (µg pot(-1)) in shoots of S. nigrum was significantly increased (p < 0.05) by 37.7% compared to the control without reagent added. At the meantime, the PAHs degradation ratio in rhizoshpere was increased by 34.5%. Basically, the improving role of Cys, Gly, and Glu was higher than EDTA and TW80. The main reasons of enhanced the accumulation of S. nigrum to Cd might lie in the addition of Cys, Gly, and Glu which reduced pH and increased extractable Cd concentration in rhizosphere and phytochelatines (PCs) concentration in leaves. As for the degradation of PAHs in rhizosphere, increased microorganism number might be play important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhe Wei
- a Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang , P.R. China
| | - Jiayi Bai
- a Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang , P.R. China
- b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - Chuanjie Yang
- a Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang , P.R. China
- b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - Qianru Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang , P.R. China
| | | | - Jie Zhan
- d Liaoning Vocational College of Medicine , Shenyang , P.R. China
| | - Qianhui Gao
- e Seed Control Station, Hinggan League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region , Ulan Hot , P.R. China
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Török A, Gulyás Z, Szalai G, Kocsy G, Majdik C. Phytoremediation capacity of aquatic plants is associated with the degree of phytochelatin polymerization. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 299:371-8. [PMID: 26143200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Phytochelatins (PCs) play important role in phytoremediation as heavy metal binding peptides. In the present study, the association between heavy metal removal capacity and phytochelatin synthesis was compared through the examination of three aquatic plants: Elodea canadensis, Salvinia natans and Lemna minor. In case of a Cd treatment, or a Cd treatment combined with Cu and Zn, the highest removal capacity was observed in L. minor. At the same time, E. canadensis showed the lowest removal capacity except for Zn. The heavy metal-induced (Cu+Zn+Cd) oxidative stress generated the highest ascorbate level in L. minor. Cd in itself or combined with the other two metals induced a 10-15-fold increase in the amount of ɣ-glutamylcysteine in L. minor while no or smaller changes were observed in the other two species. Correspondingly, the total PC content was 6-8-fold greater in L. minor. In addition, PCs with higher degree of polymerization were only observed in L. minor (PC4, PC6 and PC7) while PC2 and PC3 occurred in E. canadensis and S. natans only. The correlation analysis indicated that the higher phytoremediation capacity of L. minor was associated with the synthesis of PCs and their higher degree of polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Török
- Department of Technological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Gulyás
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Szalai
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Gábor Kocsy
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary.
| | - Cornelia Majdik
- Department of Technological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Homa J, Rorat A, Kruk J, Cocquerelle C, Plytycz B, Vandenbulcke F. Dermal exposure of Eisenia andrei earthworms: Effects of heavy metals on metallothionein and phytochelatin synthase gene expressions in coelomocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:1397-1404. [PMID: 25693738 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Parameters such as total number of coelomocytes, riboflavin content in coelomocytes, expression of genes implied in metal homeostasis, and detoxification mechanisms can be used as biomarkers to assess the impact of metals on annelids. Defense biomarkers (detoxification gene expressions and coelomocyte parameters) were investigated in the ecotoxicologically important species Eisenia andrei following in vivo exposure to 5 different metals (zinc, copper, nickel, lead, and cadmium) at known concentrations. Coelomocyte numbers and riboflavin content were not affected by metallic exposure, but metal-specific gene expression variations were evidenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Homa
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Rorat
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland
- Environmental Axis, Lille 1 University, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Jerzy Kruk
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Barbara Plytycz
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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17
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Zhao C, Xu J, Li Q, Li S, Wang P, Xiang F. Cloning and characterization of a Phragmites australis phytochelatin synthase (PaPCS) and achieving Cd tolerance in tall fescue. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103771. [PMID: 25133575 PMCID: PMC4136729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of phytochelatins (PCs) provides an important means for plants to achieve tolerance to cadmium (Cd) toxicity. A reed gene encoding PC synthase (PaPCS) was isolated and its function tested through its heterologous expression in a strain of yeast sensitive to Cd. Subsequently, the Cd sensitive and high biomass accumulating species tall fescue was transformed either with PaPCS or PaGCS (a glutamyl cysteine synthetase gene of reed) on their own (single transformants), or with both genes together in the same transgene cassette (double transformant). The single and double transformants showed greater Cd tolerance and accumulated more Cd and PC than wild type plants, and their Cd leaf/root ratio content was higher. The ranking in terms of Cd and PC content for the various transgenic lines was double transformants>PaGCS single transformants>PaPCS single transformants>wild type. Thus PaGCS appears to exert a greater influence than PaPCS over PC synthesis and Cd tolerance/accumulation. The double transformant has interesting potential for phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuizhu Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qiang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuo Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fengning Xiang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- * E-mail:
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Matsuura H, Yamamoto Y, Muraoka M, Akaishi K, Hori Y, Uemura K, Tsuji N, Harada K, Hirata K, Bamba T, Miyasaka H, Kuroda K, Ueda M. Development of surface-engineered yeast cells displaying phytochelatin synthase and their application to cadmium biosensors by the combined use of pyrene-excimer fluorescence. Biotechnol Prog 2013; 29:1197-202. [PMID: 23926095 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The development of simple, portable, inexpensive, and rapid analytical methods for detecting and monitoring toxic heavy metals are important for the safety and security of humans and their environment. Herein, we describe the application of phytochelatin (PC) synthase, which plays a critical role in heavy metal responses in higher plants and green algae, in a novel fluorescent sensing platform for cadmium (Cd). We first created surface-engineered yeast cells on which the PC synthase from Arabidopsis (AtPCS1) was displayed with retention of enzymatic activity. The general concept for the sensor is based on the Cd level-dependent synthesis of PC2 from glutathiones by AtPCS1-displaying yeast cells, followed by simple discriminative detection of PC2 via sensing of excimer fluorescence of thiol-labeling pyrene probes. The intensity of excimer fluorescence increased in the presence of Cd up to 1.0 μM in an approximately dose-dependent manner. This novel biosensor achieved a detection limit of as low as 0.2 μM (22.5 μg/L) for Cd. Although its use may be limited by the fact that Cu and Pb can induce cross-reaction, the proposed simple biosensor holds promise as a method useful for cost-effective screening of Cd contamination in environmental and food samples. The AtPCS1-displaying yeast cells also might be attractive tools for dissection of the catalytic mechanisms of PCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Matsuura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Ion exchange chromatography and mass spectrometric methods for analysis of cadmium-phytochelatin (II) complexes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:1304-11. [PMID: 23538727 PMCID: PMC3709318 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10041304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, in vitro formed Cd-phytochelatin (PC2) complexes were characterized using ion exchange chromatography (IEC) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. The ratio of both studied compounds as well as experimental conditions were optimized. The highest yield of the complex was observed under an applied concentration of 100 µg·mL−1 PC2 and 100 µg·mL−1 of CdCl2. The data obtained show that IEC in combination with MALDI-TOF is a reliable and fast method for the determination of these complexes.
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20
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Min Yang Z, Chen J. A potential role of microRNAs in plant response to metal toxicity. Metallomics 2013; 5:1184-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00022b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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21
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Akhter F, McGarvey B, Macfie SM. Reduced translocation of cadmium from roots is associated with increased production of phytochelatins and their precursors. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 169:1821-9. [PMID: 22922170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential trace element and its environmental concentrations are approaching toxic levels, especially in some agricultural soils. Understanding how and where Cd is stored in plants is important for ensuring food safety. In this study, we examined two plant species that differ in the distribution of Cd among roots and leaves. Lettuce and barley were grown in nutrient solution under two conditions: chronic (4 weeks) exposure to a low, environmentally relevant concentration (1.0 μM) of Cd and acute (1 h) exposure to a high concentration (5.0 mM) of Cd. Seedlings grown in solution containing 1.0 μM CdCl₂ did not show symptoms of toxicity and, at this concentration, 77% of the total Cd was translocated to leaves of lettuce, whereas only 24% of the total Cd was translocated to barley leaves. We tested the hypothesis that differential accumulation of Cd in roots and leaves is related to differential concentrations of phytochelatins (PCs), and its precursor peptides. The amounts of PCs and their precursor peptides in the roots and shoots were measured using HPLC. Each of PC₂₋₄ was synthesized in the barley root upon chronic exposure to Cd and did not increase further upon acute exposure. In the case of lettuce, no PCs were detected in the root given either Cd treatment. The high amounts of PCs produced in barley root could have contributed to preferential retention of Cd in barley roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fardausi Akhter
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
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Skladanka J, Adam V, Zitka O, Krystofova O, Beklova M, Kizek R, Havlicek Z, Slama P, Nawrath A. Investigation into the effect of molds in grasses on their content of low molecular mass thiols. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2012. [PMID: 23202817 PMCID: PMC3524598 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph9113789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of molds on levels of low molecular mass thiols in grasses. For this purpose, the three grass species Lolium perenne, Festulolium pabulare and Festulolium braunii were cultivated and sampled during four months, from June to September. The same species were also grown under controlled conditions. High-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection was used for quantification of cysteine, reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, and phytochelatins (PC2, PC3, PC4 and PC5). Data were statistically processed and analyzed. Thiols were present in all examined grass species. The effect of fungicide treatments applied under field conditions on the content of the evaluated thiols was shown to be insignificant. Species influenced (p < 0.05) PC3 and GSSG content. F. pabulare, an intergeneric hybrid of drought- and fungi-resistant Festuca arundinacea, was comparable in PC3 content with L. perenne and F. braunii under field conditions. Under controlled conditions, however, F. pabulare had higher (p < 0.05) PC3 content than did L. perenne and F. braunii. Under field conditions, differences between the evaluated species were recorded only in GSSG content, but only sampling in June was significant. F. pabulare had higher (p < 0.05) GSSG content in June than did L. perenne and F. braunii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Skladanka
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +420-5-4513-3079; Fax: +420-5-4521-2044
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.A.); (O.Z.); (O.K.); (R.K.)
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Zitka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.A.); (O.Z.); (O.K.); (R.K.)
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Veterinary Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1–3, CZ-612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.B.)
| | - Olga Krystofova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.A.); (O.Z.); (O.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Miroslava Beklova
- Department of Veterinary Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1–3, CZ-612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.B.)
| | - Rene Kizek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.A.); (O.Z.); (O.K.); (R.K.)
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Havlicek
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Petr Slama
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Adam Nawrath
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
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Abstract
AbstractEmissions of toxic substances such as oxides of carbon, nitrogen, sulphur, and, in addition, aromatic hydrocarbons, aldehydes and heavy metals are the most serious problem of road traffic affecting landscape. Platinum group elements (PGE), which are the main component of the catalyst, are one of the main sources of heavy metals in the environment. Here, we review the way by which emissions and forms of the emitted PGE end up in the environment especially to the soil-water-plant-animal system. The major points discussed are the following: 1) the main sources of PGE emission are automobile exhaust catalysts; 2) hospitals, where platinum is widely used to treat malignant neoplasm, and urban waste water belonging to other important sources of PGE in the environment; 3) soil is one of the most important components of the environment that may be contaminated with platinum metals; 4) phytotoxicity of PGE depends on the following conditions: the concentration of metals in the soil, time of exposure, the chemical form of metal, the chemical composition of exposed soil and plant species; 5) animals are also endangered by the increasing concentration of PGE in the environment. Moreover, we pay our attention to thiol-based mechanisms of how an organism protects itself against platinum group elements.
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Zitka O, Merlos MA, Adam V, Ferrol N, Pohanka M, Hubalek J, Zehnalek J, Trnkova L, Kizek R. Electrochemistry of copper(II) induced complexes in mycorrhizal maize plant tissues. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 203-204:257-263. [PMID: 22209587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Aim of the present paper was to study the electrochemical behavior of copper(II) induced complexes in extracts obtained from mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal maize (Zea mays L.) plants grown at two concentrations of copper(II): physiological (31.7 ng/mL) and toxic (317 μg/mL). Protein content was determined in the plant extracts and, after dilution to proper concentration, various concentrations of copper(II) ions (0, 100, 200 and 400 μg/mL) were added and incubated for 1h at 37°C. Further, the extracts were analyzed using flow injection analysis with electrochemical detection. The hydrodynamic voltammogram (HDV), which was obtained for each sample, indicated the complex creation. Steepness of measured dependencies was as follows: control 317 μg/mL of copper<control 31.7 ng/mL of copper<mycorrhizal 31.7 ng/mL of copper<mycorrhizal 317 μg/mL of copper. Based on these results it can be concluded that mycorrhizal fungus actively blocks transport copper(II) ions to upper parts of a plant by means of adsorbing of copper(II) in roots. Rapid complex formation was determined under applied potentials 300, 500 and 600 mV during the measuring HDVs. It was also verified that mycorrhizal colonization reduced root to shoot translocation of Cu(II) ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Zitka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Guo J, Xu W, Ma M. The assembly of metals chelation by thiols and vacuolar compartmentalization conferred increased tolerance to and accumulation of cadmium and arsenic in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 199-200:309-13. [PMID: 22119299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana were developed to increase tolerance for and accumulation of heavy metals and metalloids by simultaneous overexpression of AsPCS1 and YCF1 (derived from garlic and baker's yeast) based on the fact that chelation of metals and vacuolar compartmentalization are the main strategies for heavy metals/metalloids detoxification and tolerance in plants. Dual-gene transgenic lines had the longest roots and the highest accumulation of Cd and As than single-gene transgenic lines and wildtype. When grown on cadmium or arsenic (arsenite/arsenate), Dual-gene transgenic lines accumulated over 2-10 folds cadmium/arsenite and 2-3 folds arsenate than wild type or plants expressing AsPCS1 or YCF1 alone. Such stacking modified genes involved in chelation of toxic metals and vacuolar compartmentalization represents a highly promising new tool for use in phytoremediation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
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