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Islam MM, Mohana AA, Rahman MA, Rahman M, Naidu R, Rahman MM. A Comprehensive Review of the Current Progress of Chromium Removal Methods from Aqueous Solution. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11030252. [PMID: 36977017 PMCID: PMC10053122 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) exists in aqueous solution as trivalent (Cr3+) and hexavalent (Cr6+) forms. Cr3+ is an essential trace element while Cr6+ is a dangerous and carcinogenic element, which is of great concern globally due to its extensive applications in various industrial processes such as textiles, manufacturing of inks, dyes, paints, and pigments, electroplating, stainless steel, leather, tanning, and wood preservation, among others. Cr3+ in wastewater can be transformed into Cr6+ when it enters the environment. Therefore, research on Cr remediation from water has attracted much attention recently. A number of methods such as adsorption, electrochemical treatment, physico-chemical methods, biological removal, and membrane filtration have been devised for efficient Cr removal from water. This review comprehensively demonstrated the Cr removal technologies in the literature to date. The advantages and disadvantages of Cr removal methods were also described. Future research directions are suggested and provide the application of adsorbents for Cr removal from waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Monjurul Islam
- Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Anika Amir Mohana
- Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Aminur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Zonal Laboratory, Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE), Jashore 7400, Bangladesh
| | - Mahbubur Rahman
- Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Chattogram 4349, Bangladesh
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Department of General Educational Development, Faculty of Science & Information Technology, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
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2
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Hexavalent Chromium Removal from Water and Wastewaters by Electrochemical Processes: Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052411. [PMID: 36903653 PMCID: PMC10005795 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a toxic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic species. Its origin is in industrial activities. Therefore, its effective control is realized on a source basis. Although chemical methods proved effective in removing Cr(VI) from wastewaters, more economic solutions with a minimum sludge production have been sought. Among them, the use of electrochemical processes has emerged as a viable solution to the problem. Much research was conducted in this area. The aim of this review paper is to make a critical evaluation of the literature on Cr(VI) removal by electrochemical methods, particularly electrocoagulation with sacrificial electrodes, and to assess the present data as well as to point out the areas that need further elaboration. Following the review of the theoretical concepts of electrochemical processes, the literature on the electrochemical removal of Cr(VI) was evaluated on the basis of important elements of the system. Among them are initial pH, initial Cr(VI) concentration, current density, type and concentration of supporting electrolyte, and the material of electrodes and their operating characteristics and process kinetics. Dimensionally stable electrodes that realize the reduction process without producing any sludge were evaluated separately. Applications of electrochemical methods to a wide spectrum of industrial effluents were also assessed.
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3
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Chen D, Jin Z, Xing H. Titanium-Porphyrin Metal-Organic Frameworks as Visible-Light-Driven Catalysts for Highly Efficient Sonophotocatalytic Reduction of Cr(VI). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:12292-12299. [PMID: 36179378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we synthesized and characterized four titanium-porphyrin metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) [DGIST-1(M), M = Co(II), Fe(III), Zn(II), and H2] and used them as visible-light-driven catalysts for sonophotocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction. DGIST-1(M) exhibited open-framework, broad light absorption stemmed from ligand and sensitive photocurrent responses owing to the integration of one-dimensional Ti-oxo chains and 4-connected conjugated TCPP ligand (TCPP = tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)-porphyrin). DGIST-1(M) presented efficient reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in aqueous solution when used as sonophotocatalytic catalysts. The average reduction rates upon Cr(VI) were 0.920, 0.476, 0.377, and 0.194 mg·L-1·min-1 for DGIST-1(H2), DGIST-1(Zn), DGIST-1(Co), and DGIST-1(Fe), which are 1.15-2.45 times higher than those in photocatalysis. Sonophotocatalytic experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance measurement proved that Ti-oxo chain units and porphyrin ligand in the structures of DGIST-1(M) existed as catalytic active centers for sonophotocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI). Photoluminescence and UV absorption spectra revealed that the unity of photocatalysis and sonochemistry strengthened the migration of photogenerated electrons from DGIST-1(M) to Cr(VI), which improved the activities of catalysts. This study suggested that the association of titanium-porphyrin MOFs and sonophotocatalytic technology is an impactful program for enhancing MOF-based photocatalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dashu Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Harbin150040, China
| | - Zhi Jin
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Harbin150040, China
| | - Hongzhu Xing
- College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, No. 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun130024, China
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4
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Fang S, Huang X, Xie S, Du J, Zhu J, Wang K, Zhuang Q, Huang X. Removal of Chromium (VI) by a Magnetic Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron-Assisted Chicken Manure-Derived Biochar: Adsorption Behavior and Synergetic Mechanism. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:935525. [PMID: 35875500 PMCID: PMC9298784 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.935525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Using chicken manure as raw material to prepare activated carbon as a dispersant, a novel biochar-loaded nano-zerovalent iron composite (nZVI@CMBC) was developed and applied to remove hexavalent chromium, i.e., Cr(VI), in wastewater. The dispersion of nano-zerovalent iron (nZVI) particles on the surface of chicken manure–derived biochar (CMBC) successfully inhibited the aggregation of magnetic iron particles and effectively reduced the size of nZVI particles. The results demonstrated that under acidic conditions, the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) by the nZVI@CMBC composite could reach 124.12 mg g−1. The pseudosecond-order kinetic model had a good agreement with the adsorption kinetics of the nZVI@CMBC composite, implying that the adsorption of Cr(VI) is based on the multi-layer chemical adsorption. Therefore, this study provides a new clue and strategy for removing Cr(VI) in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqiong Fang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Huang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuangling Xie
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiale Du
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianlong Zhu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qinglin Zhuang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Jiangsu DDBS Environmental Remediation Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
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5
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Recent advances in adsorptive removal and catalytic reduction of hexavalent chromium by metal–organic frameworks composites. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Yang R, Mei L, Fan Y, Zhang Q, Zhu R, Amal R, Yin Z, Zeng Z. ZnIn 2 S 4 -Based Photocatalysts for Energy and Environmental Applications. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100887. [PMID: 34927932 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a fascinating visible-light-responsive photocatalyst, zinc indium sulfide (ZnIn2 S4 ) has attracted extensive interdisciplinary interest and is expected to become a new research hotspot in the near future, due to its nontoxicity, suitable band gap, high physicochemical stability and durability, ease of synthesis, and appealing catalytic activity. This review provides an overview on the recent advances in ZnIn2 S4 -based photocatalysts. First, the crystal structures and band structures of ZnIn2 S4 are briefly introduced. Then, various modulation strategies of ZnIn2 S4 are outlined for better photocatalytic performance, which includes morphology and structure engineering, vacancy engineering, doping engineering, hydrogenation engineering, and the construction of ZnIn2 S4 -based composites. Thereafter, the potential applications in the energy and environmental area of ZnIn2 S4 -based photocatalysts are summarized. Finally, some personal perspectives about the promises and prospects of this emerging material are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Liang Mei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Fan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Qingyong Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Rongshu Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Rose Amal
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Zongyou Yin
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Zhiyuan Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
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7
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Li S, Zeng HY, Xiong J, Xu S. Polypyrrole decorated ZnTi hydrotalcite with enhanced adsorption and Cr(VI) photoreduction activity under visible-light. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2021.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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8
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Yang L, Hu W, Chang Z, Liu T, Fang D, Shao P, Shi H, Luo X. Electrochemical recovery and high value-added reutilization of heavy metal ions from wastewater: Recent advances and future trends. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 152:106512. [PMID: 33756431 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment for heavy metals is currently transitioning from pollution remediation towards resource recovery. As a controllable and environment-friendly method, electrochemical technologies have recently gained significant attention. However, there is a lack of systematic and goal oriented summarize of electrochemical metal recovery techniques, which has inhibited the optimized application of these methods. This review aims at recent advances in electrochemical metal recovery techniques, by comparing different electrochemical recovery methods, attempts to target recycling heavy metal resources with minimize energy consumption, boost recovery efficiency and realize the commercial application. In this review, different electrochemical recovery methods (including E-adsorption recovery, E-oxidation recovery, E-reduction recovery, and E-precipitation recovery) for recovering heavy metals are introduced, followed an analysis of their corresponding mechanisms, influencing factors, and recovery efficiencies. In addition, the mass transfer efficiency can be promoted further through optimizing electrodes and reactors, and multiple technologies (photo-electrochemical and sono-electrochemical) could to be used synergistically improve recovery efficiencies. Finally, the most promising directions for electrochemical recovery of heavy metals are discussed along with the challenges and future opportunities of electrochemical technology in recycling heavy metals from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Yang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China; Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Wenbin Hu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China; Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Ziwen Chang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China; Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Tian Liu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Life, and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Difan Fang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China; Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Penghui Shao
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China; Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Hui Shi
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China; Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Xubiao Luo
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China; Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China.
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9
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Recent advances in removal techniques of Cr(VI) toxic ion from aqueous solution: A comprehensive review. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Stern CM, Jegede TO, Hulse VA, Elgrishi N. Electrochemical reduction of Cr(VI) in water: lessons learned from fundamental studies and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:1642-1667. [PMID: 33325959 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01165g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Converting toxic Cr(vi) to benign Cr(iii) would offer a solution to decontaminate drinking water. Electrochemical methods are ideally suited to carry out this reduction without added external reductants. Achieving this transformation at low overpotentials requires mediating the transfer of protons and electrons to Cr(vi). In this review thermodynamic parameters will be discussed to understand Cr(vi) speciation in water and identify reduction pathways. The electrochemical reduction of Cr(vi) at bare electrodes is reviewed and mechanistic considerations are discussed. Works on modified electrodes are compared to identify key parameters influencing the reduction. An overview of current applications to Cr(vi) reduction is briefly discussed to link fundamental studies to applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callie M Stern
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Temitope O Jegede
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Vanessa A Hulse
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Noémie Elgrishi
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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11
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Ma W, Gao J, Chen Z, Hu J, Xin G, Pan Y, Zhang Z, Tan D. A new method of Cr(VI) reduction using SiC doped carbon electrode and Cr(III) recovery by hydrothermal precipitation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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12
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Sall ML, Diaw AKD, Gningue-Sall D, Efremova Aaron S, Aaron JJ. Toxic heavy metals: impact on the environment and human health, and treatment with conducting organic polymers, a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:29927-29942. [PMID: 32506411 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09354-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution by heavy metals has many human origins, such as the burning of fossil fuels, exhaust gases of vehicles, mining, agriculture, and incineration of solid and liquid wastes. Heavy metals also occur naturally, due to volcanoes, thermal springs activity, erosion, infiltration, etc. This water contamination is a threat for living beings because most heavy metals are toxic to humans and to aquatic life. Hence, it is important to find effective techniques for removing these contaminants in order to reduce the level of pollution of the natural waters. In this work, we have reviewed the toxicity of several heavy metals (mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium, nickel), their impact on the environment and human health, and the synthesis and characterization methods of conducting organic polymers (COPs) utilized for the removal of heavy metals from the environment. Therefore, this review was essentially aimed to present recent works and methods (2000-2020) on the environmental impact and toxicity of heavy metals and on the removal of toxic heavy metals, using chemically and/or electrochemically synthesized COPs. We have also stressed the great interest of COPs for the removal of toxic heavy metals from waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Lamine Sall
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Organique et d'Analyse Environementale (LCPOAE), Département de Chimie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, BP 5005, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
- Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), Université Paris-Est, 5 Boulevard Descartes, Champs-sur-Marne, 77454, Marne la Vallée Cedex 2, France
| | - Abdou Karim Diagne Diaw
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Organique et d'Analyse Environementale (LCPOAE), Département de Chimie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, BP 5005, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
| | - Diariatou Gningue-Sall
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Organique et d'Analyse Environementale (LCPOAE), Département de Chimie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, BP 5005, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
| | - Snezana Efremova Aaron
- Department of Medical and Experimental Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril & Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Jean-Jacques Aaron
- Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), Université Paris-Est, 5 Boulevard Descartes, Champs-sur-Marne, 77454, Marne la Vallée Cedex 2, France.
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13
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Yao D, Xu T, Yuan J, Tao Y, He G, Chen H. Graphene Based Copper‐Nickel Bimetal Nanocomposite: Magnetically Separable Catalyst for Reducing Hexavalent Chromium. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dachuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center Changzhou UniversityKey Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and TechnologyAdvanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation CenterChangzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu Province 213164 China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center Changzhou UniversityKey Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and TechnologyAdvanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation CenterChangzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu Province 213164 China
| | - Jingjing Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center Changzhou UniversityKey Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and TechnologyAdvanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation CenterChangzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu Province 213164 China
- School of Chemical EngineeringNanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing Jiangsu 210094 China
| | - Yingrui Tao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center Changzhou UniversityKey Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and TechnologyAdvanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation CenterChangzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu Province 213164 China
| | - Guangyu He
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center Changzhou UniversityKey Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and TechnologyAdvanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation CenterChangzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu Province 213164 China
| | - Haiqun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center Changzhou UniversityKey Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and TechnologyAdvanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation CenterChangzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu Province 213164 China
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14
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Huang Q, Liu Y, Cai T, Xia X. Simultaneous removal of heavy metal ions and organic pollutant by BiOBr/Ti3C2 nanocomposite. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Electrochemical oxidation and determination of methylparaben at overoxidized polypyrrole film modified a boron-doped diamond electrode. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-018-1458-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Ke T, Guo H, Zhang Y, Liu Y. Photoreduction of Cr(VI) in water using BiVO 4-Fe 3O 4 nano-photocatalyst under visible light irradiation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:28239-28247. [PMID: 29022219 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0255-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The residuals of hexavalent chromium in the aquatic environment have raised much concern for water decontamination. In this study, BiVO4-Fe3O4 was synthesized using a solvothermal method and adopted as a photoreduction catalyst to removal of Cr(VI) in water under visible light irradiation. The physical and chemical properties of BiVO4-Fe3O4 were characterized by UV-vis-DRS, SEM, XRD, FTIR, and BET. The results demonstrated that the band gap for the obtained material is 1.74 eV with an average size of 15 nm and a specific surface area of 55.16 m2/g. A high photocatalytic performance was observed on the photoreduction of Cr(VI) and the removal efficiency was increased in the lower pH condition. The ascending catalyst dosages made the promotion effect, while the increase of Cr(VI) concentration contributed the inhibition for the reduction performance. The structural characteristics of the selected hole scavengers (ethanol, isopropanol, formic acid, citric acid, and oxalic acid) showed the various effects on the reactions due to the amounts of α-OH. For the optimal condition, 79.37% Cr(VI) was removed. Based on the excellent reusability of BiVO4-Fe3O4, this study demonstrated a potential method for the economic-friendly removal of high-valence metals with easier separation in the water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingling Ke
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Hongguang Guo
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352700, Seattle, WA, 98195-2700, USA.
| | - Yongli Zhang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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17
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Sall ML, Diaw AKD, Gningue-Sall D, Chevillot-Biraud A, Oturan N, Oturan MA, Aaron JJ. Removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution using electrosynthesized 4-amino-3-hydroxynaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid doped polypyrrole as adsorbent. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:21111-21127. [PMID: 28730362 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9713-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polypyrrole (PPy) conducting films, doped with 4-amino-3-hydroxynaphthalene sulfonic acid (AHNSA), were electrosynthesized by anodic oxidation of pyrrole on Pt and steel electrodes in aqueous medium (0.01 M AHNSA +0.007 M NaOH, using cyclic voltammetry (CV), and their electrochemical properties were studied. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy confirmed the formation of AHNSA-PPy films. Their morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and their optical properties, including UV-VIS absorption and fluorescence spectra, were also investigated. AHNSA-PPy films were used for the removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solution, by means of the immersion method and the Cr(VI) electro-reduction method. The effect of various experimental parameters, including the adsorbent (polymer) mass, pH, type of electrodes, and current intensity, on the adsorption of chromium by the polymer was performed and optimized. The adsorption and electro-reduction of (Cr VI) on the AHNSA-PPy film surface were found to be highly pH-dependent, and the kinetics of Cr(VI) adsorption and electro-reduction followed second-order kinetic curves. Apparent second-order rate constants were about three times higher for the Cr(VI) electro-reduction method than for the immersion method, indicating that the use of electro-reduction method significantly accelerated the chromium adsorption process on polymer. The maximum adsorption capacity of the AHNSA-PPy film for chromium was 224 mg g-1. A 96% chromium removal from pure aqueous solution was reached within about 48 h by the immersion method, but only within about 6 h by the Cr(VI) electro-reduction method. Application of both methods to Cr(VI) fortified natural waters of Senegal led to chromium removal efficiency high values (93 to 96% according to the type of natural water).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Lamine Sall
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Organique et d'analyse Instrumentale, Département de Chimie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar BP 5005, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
- Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, Université Paris-Est, EA4508, UPEM, 77454, Marne la Vallée, France
| | - Abdou Karim Diagne Diaw
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Organique et d'analyse Instrumentale, Département de Chimie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar BP 5005, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
| | - Diariatou Gningue-Sall
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Organique et d'analyse Instrumentale, Département de Chimie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar BP 5005, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
| | - Alexandre Chevillot-Biraud
- Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes (ITODYS), Université Paris 7-Denis Diderot - CNRS - UMR 7086, Bâtiment Lavoisier, 15 rue Jean de Baïf, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Nihal Oturan
- Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, Université Paris-Est, EA4508, UPEM, 77454, Marne la Vallée, France
| | - Mehmet Ali Oturan
- Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, Université Paris-Est, EA4508, UPEM, 77454, Marne la Vallée, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Aaron
- Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, Université Paris-Est, EA4508, UPEM, 77454, Marne la Vallée, France.
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Abdullah H, Kuo DH. Facile Synthesis of n-type (AgIn)(x)Zn(2(1-x))S2/p-type Ag2S Nanocomposite for Visible Light Photocatalytic Reduction To Detoxify Hexavalent Chromium. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:26941-26951. [PMID: 26575792 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
n-type (AgIn)(x)Zn(2(1-x))S2/p-type Ag2S nanocomposites with 10%, 20%, and 30% Ag2S loading were successfully synthesized via the simple solvothermal and sol gel methods. The as-prepared nanocomposites were characterized, and their visible light photocatalytic reductions were tested for detoxification of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). The results showed only 20 mg of the as-prepared nanocomposites could reduce 100 mL of 20 ppm potassium dichromate by almost 100% in less than 90 min without adding any hole scavenger agents and pH adjustment (pH = 7). The good photocatalytic reduction was related to the narrower bandgap of (AgIn)(x)Zn(2(1-x))S2 solid solution because of the hybridized orbitals of Ag, In, Zn, and S and low recombination rate of photogenerated electron and hole pairs due to the effectiveness of p-type Ag2S and n-type (AgIn)(x)Zn(2(1-x))S2 nanoheterojunctions. This work not only gives a contribution to the creation of visible light photocatalysis for wide-bandgap semiconductors, but also extends our technological viewpoints in designing highly efficient metal sulfide photocatalyst. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first finding of a high photocatalytic reduction of hexavalent chromium under visible light illumination by simultaneously using both concepts of p-n nanoheterojunction and solid solution in our photocatalyst design. In this present work, these concepts were used to replace the use of hole scavenger agents, which were commonly used by many other works to retard the recombination rate of photoinduced electron and hole pairs for photodegradation of hexavalent chromium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairus Abdullah
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology , No. 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Road, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Dong-Hau Kuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology , No. 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Road, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
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Hu J, Tian T, Xiao Z. Preparation of cross-linked porous starch and its adsorption for chromium (VI) in tannery wastewater. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology; Shanghai Institute of Technology; Shanghai 201418 China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Fragrance & Flavor Industry; Shanghai 200232 China
| | - Ting Tian
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology; Shanghai Institute of Technology; Shanghai 201418 China
| | - Zuobin Xiao
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology; Shanghai Institute of Technology; Shanghai 201418 China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Fragrance & Flavor Industry; Shanghai 200232 China
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Wang H, Yuan X, Wu Y, Zeng G, Chen X, Leng L, Wu Z, Jiang L, Li H. Facile synthesis of amino-functionalized titanium metal-organic frameworks and their superior visible-light photocatalytic activity for Cr(VI) reduction. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 286:187-94. [PMID: 25585267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been arousing a great interest in exploring the application of MOFs as photocatalyst in environment remediation. In this work, two different MOFs, Ti-benzenedicarboxylate (MIL-125(Ti)) and amino-functionalized Ti-benzenedicarboxylate (NH2-MIL-125(Ti)) were successfully synthesized via a facile solvothermal method. The MIL-125(Ti) and NH2-MIL-125(Ti) were well characterized by XRD, SEM, XPS, N2 adsorption-desorption measurements, thermogravimetric analysis and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS). It is revealed that the NH2-MIL-125(Ti) has well crystalline lattice, large surface area and mesoporous structure, chemical and thermal stability, and enhanced visible-light absorption up to 520 nm, which was associated with the chromophore (amino group) in the organic linker. Compared with MIL-125(Ti), NH2-MIL-125(Ti) exhibited more efficient photocatalytic activity for Cr(VI) reduction from aqueous solution under visible-light irradiation. The addition of hole scavenger, the hole scavenger concentration and the pH value of the reaction solution played important roles in the photo-catalytic reduction of Cr(VI). The presence of Ti(3+)-Ti(4+) intervalence electron transfer was the main reason for photo-excited electrons transportation from titanium-oxo clusters to Cr(VI), facilitating the Cr(VI) reduction under the acid condition. It was demonstrated that amino-functionalized Ti(IV)-based MOFs could be promising visible-light photocatalysts for the treatment of Cr(VI)-contained wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xingzhong Yuan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Yan Wu
- College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- School of Business, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Lijian Leng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Zhibin Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Longbo Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Bio-energy, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, PR China
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Mo X, Yang ZH, Xu HY, Zeng GM, Huang J, Yang X, Song PP, Wang LK. Combination of cathodic reduction with adsorption for accelerated removal of Cr(VI) through reticulated vitreous carbon electrodes modified with sulfuric acid-glycine co-doped polyaniline. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 286:493-502. [PMID: 25603298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Improving the reduction kinetics is crucial in the electroreduction process of Cr(VI). In this study, we developed a novel adsorption-electroreduction system for accelerated removal of Cr(VI) by employing reticulated vitreous carbon electrode modified with sulfuric acid-glycine co-doped polyaniline (RVC/PANI-SA-GLY). Firstly, response surface methodology confirmed the optimum polymerization condition of co-doped polyaniline for modifying electrodes (Aniline, sulfuric acid and glycine, respectively, of 0.2 mol/L, 0.85 mol/L, 0.93 mol/L) when untraditional dopant glycine was added. Subsequently, RVC/PANI-SA-GLY showed higher Cr(VI) removal percentages in electroreduction experiments over RVC electrode modified with sulfuric acid doped polyaniline (RVC/PANI-SA) and bare RVC electrode. In contrast to RVC/PANI-SA, the improvement by RVC/PANI-SA-GLY was more significant and especially obvious at more negative potential, lower initial Cr(VI) concentration, relatively less acidic solution and higher current densities, best achieving 7.84% higher removal efficiency with entire Cr(VI) eliminated after 900 s. Current efficiencies were likewise enhanced by RVC/PANI-SA-GLY under quite negative potentials. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) analysis revealed a possible adsorption-reduction mechanism of RVC/PANI-SA-GLY, which greatly contributed to the faster reduction kinetics and was probably relative to the absorption between protonated amine groups of glycine and HCrO4(-). Eventually, the stability of RVC/PANI-SA-GLY was proven relatively satisfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Mo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Zhao-hui Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Hai-yin Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Guang-ming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Jing Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xia Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Pei-pei Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Li-ke Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
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Liu W, Ni J, Yin X. Synergy of photocatalysis and adsorption for simultaneous removal of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) with TiO₂ and titanate nanotubes. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 53:12-25. [PMID: 24486715 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An one-step efficient simultaneous removal of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) was achieved with mixture of TiO₂ and titanate nanotubes (TNTs). Unlike the conventional two-step Cr removal with a first photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) and a subsequent adsorption of Cr(III), the proposed single process significantly reduced reaction time (over 50%). The synergy of photocatalysis and adsorption played an important role in enhancing Cr removal process. The synergetic mechanism was interpreted and indirectly confirmed with H₂O₂ variation during photocatalysis. The instant transfer of the reduced Cr from TiO₂ surface to TNTs interlayer greatly promoted the release of photocatalytic sites of TiO₂, which in turn considerably enhanced photocatalytic activity of TNTs by inhibiting electron-hole pairs recombination. The optimum condition for the whole process was at pH 5. Adsorption of Cr(III) was primarily in the interlayer of TNTs at pH ≤ 5. However, higher pH would lead to precipitation of Cr(OH)₃ onto TNTs as observed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Addition of Ca(2+) could promoted photocatalysis owing to its ionic bridging function and form of ≡TiOH(+)-Cr(VI)-Ca(2+)-Cr(VI) linkages, while SO₄(2-) only slightly inhibited photo-reduction of Cr(VI), indicating good synergy of photocatalysis and adsorption even at high ionic strength of electrolyte. Besides, the desorbed TNTs could be easily regenerated by remedying the damaged tubular structure and reused for Cr removal with excellent performance. The outstanding synergetic effects with essential explanation of the mechanism make this study not only fundamentally important but also potentially practical applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jinren Ni
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Xiaochen Yin
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Chen M, Liu P, Wang C, Ren W, Diao G. Fast catalytic reduction of an azo dye by recoverable and reusable Fe3O4@PANI@Au magnetic composites. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj00806e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fe3O4@PANI@Au magnetic composites were fabricated and applied to catalyze azo dye reduction. This catalyst exhibited high catalytic activity, excellent recyclability and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemistry Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou, People's Republic China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials & Environmental Engineering of Jiangsu Province
- Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Peipei Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemistry Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou, People's Republic China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials & Environmental Engineering of Jiangsu Province
- Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chengjiao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemistry Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou, People's Republic China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials & Environmental Engineering of Jiangsu Province
- Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Ren
- College of Chemistry and Chemistry Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou, People's Republic China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials & Environmental Engineering of Jiangsu Province
- Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - GuoWang Diao
- College of Chemistry and Chemistry Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou, People's Republic China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials & Environmental Engineering of Jiangsu Province
- Yangzhou, P. R. China
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