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Wu D, Zhang B, Shi S, Tang R, Qiao C, Li T, Jia J, Yang M, Si X, Wang Y, Sun X, Xiao D, Li F, Song H. Engineering extracellular electron transfer to promote simultaneous brewing wastewater treatment and chromium reduction. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133171. [PMID: 38147750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology has been developed for wastewater treatment in the anodic chamber, and heavy metal reduction in the cathodic chamber. However, the limited extracellular electron transfer (EET) rate of exoelectrogens remained a constraint for practical applications of MFCs. Here, a MFC system that used the electricity derived from anodic wastewater treatment to drive cathodic Cr6+ reduction was developed, which enabled an energy self-sustained approach to efficiently address Cr6+ contamination. This MFC system was achieved by screening exoelectrogens with a superior EET rate, promoting the exoelectrogenic EET rate, and constructing a conductive bio-anode. Firstly, Shewanella algae-L3 was screened from brewing wastewater acclimatized sludge, which generated power density of 566.83 mW m-2. Secondly, to facilitate EET rate, flavin synthesis gene operon ribADEHC was overexpressed in engineered S. algae-L3F to increase flavins biosynthesis, which promoted the power density to 1233.21 mW m-2. Thirdly, to facilitate interface electron transfer, carbon nanotube (CNT) was employed to construct a S. algae-L3F-CNT bio-anode, which further enhanced power density to 3112.98 mW m-2. Lastly, S. algae-L3F-CNT bio-anode was used to harvest electrical energy from brewing wastewater to drive cathodic Cr6+ reduction in MFC, realizing 71.43% anodic COD removal and 98.14% cathodic Cr6+ reduction. This study demonstrated that enhanced exoelectrogenic EET could facilitate cathodic Cr6+ reduction in MFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deguang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Lab, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Box 08, No. 29, 13ST. TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Baocai Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Sicheng Shi
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Rui Tang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Chunxiao Qiao
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Teng Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Jichao Jia
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Meiyi Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Xiaoguang Si
- The Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization, Ministry of Natural Resources, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yifei Wang
- College of Biological Engineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xi Sun
- College of Biological Engineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Dongguang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Lab, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Box 08, No. 29, 13ST. TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Feng Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
| | - Hao Song
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
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Troudi N, Tzoraki O, Hamzaoui-Azaza F, Melki F, Zammouri M. Estimating adults and children's potential health risks to heavy metals in water through ingestion and dermal contact in a rural area, Northern Tunisia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:56792-56813. [PMID: 35347609 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19667-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High concentrations of heavy metals (HMs) in water (e.g., As, Cr, and Cd) are harmful to human health, especially to children. HMs' (As, Cd, Mn, Fe, Cu, Hg, Zn, Cr, and Se) values have been determined from the water of the Guenniche plain (Tunisia); then the carcinogenic risk (CR) and non-carcinogenic Risk (N-CR) were estimated through ingestion and dermal contact for adults and children. The analysis results show that the Hg, As, and Cd in 50% of the ephemeral streams (ESs) exceeded one of the WHO and NT guidelines for safe water, as is the case with Hg and Cd in 25% of the shallow groundwater wells (SGW). In all samples, the N-CR of all HMs, and the CR due to the dermal contact controlled by As, for both age brackets, are deemed to fall far short of the threshold set by USEPA. The CR due to the ingestion pathway caused by As, Cr, and Cd contamination indicates a "high" to "very high" risk on its users in roughly 50% of all the samples (ESs and SGW) for both age brackets by exceeding 10-5. Overall, the SGW samples close to the floodplain area of the ESs pose a real CR to both age groups, which is more serious for children. Therefore, the SGW are not recommended for drinking use, with an urgent call for a solution by the policy-makers to improve the water quality of the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizar Troudi
- Laboratory of Sedimentary Basins and Petroleum Geology (SBPG), Geology Department, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, LR18 ES07, 1060, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Ourania Tzoraki
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of the Aegean, 81100, Mytilene, Greece
| | - Fadoua Hamzaoui-Azaza
- Laboratory of Sedimentary Basins and Petroleum Geology (SBPG), Geology Department, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, LR18 ES07, 1060, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fatheddine Melki
- Laboratory of Geodynamics, Geo-Digital and Geomaterials (GGSA) Lab3G, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 1060, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mounira Zammouri
- Laboratory of Sedimentary Basins and Petroleum Geology (SBPG), Geology Department, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, LR18 ES07, 1060, Tunis, Tunisia
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Botsou F, Koutsopoulou E, Andrioti A, Dassenakis M, Scoullos M, Karageorgis AP. Chromium speciation, mobility, and Cr(VI) retention-release processes in ultramafic rocks and Fe-Ni lateritic deposits of Greece. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:2815-2834. [PMID: 34476636 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water contamination by geogenic hexavalent chromium is an emerging issue in areas developed on ultramafic rocks and their weathering products. In this study, samples of serpentinites, soil, and laterites were collected and analyzed for the levels of Cr species, distribution into phases of different mobility, mineralogy, Cr oxidation capacity, and leaching of Cr(VI). Total chromium (2176-21,929 mg kg-1) was mainly found in Cr spinels (~ 50% wt as Cr2O3) and Fe (hydr)oxides (2.5% wt). Total Cr(VI) contents (0.49-11.5 mg kg-1) increased from the serpentinites to the soil and lateritic deposit, i.e., during the advanced stages of weathering, which were accompanied by increased Cr mobility. Batch experiments of 500-h duration showed that Cr(VI) released in water at rates of 0.25-1.20 nM h-1. Rates were higher in water of pH 5.7 rather than pH 8.5, because more Cr(VI) was formed during the experimental period. Asbolane-type Mn oxides and Mn-bearing crystalline Fe oxides were responsible for Cr(III) oxidation. Most of the generated Cr(VI) (52-79% of total Cr(VI)) remained solid-bound by adsorption and/or precipitation processes. Because all samples had a self-capacity to oxidize Cr(III), it seems that retention processes will ultimately define the extent of geogenic Cr(VI) contamination of aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotini Botsou
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, 15784, Zografou, Athens, Greece.
| | - Eleni Koutsopoulou
- Section of Earth Materials, Department of Geology, University of Patras, 26500, Patras, Rion, Greece
- Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration (IGME), 13677, Acharnes, Greece
| | - Amaryllis Andrioti
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, 15784, Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Manos Dassenakis
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, 15784, Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Scoullos
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, 15784, Zografou, Athens, Greece
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Yan S, Guo H, Yin J, Hu H, Cui D, Gao B. Genesis of high hexavalent chromium groundwater in deep aquifers from loess plateau of Northern Shaanxi, China. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 216:118323. [PMID: 35344911 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) groundwater usually exists in shallow aquifers related to ultramafic and serpentine formations, but knowledge of the genesis of dissolved Cr(VI) in deep sandstone aquifers is limited. Both groundwater and aquifer sediments were taken from the Jingbian County in the Loess Plateau of Northwestern Shaanxi to investigate distribution and genesis mechanism of high Cr(VI) groundwater in deep sandstone aquifers. Results showed that the Cr concentrations (median 142 μg/L) in groundwater from deep aquifers (>100 m) were relatively high, while the Cr concentrations in shallow groundwater were low (median 33.8 μg/L). Dissolved Cr mainly existed in the species of Cr(VI) (average, 90%). Deep groundwater with higher Cr(VI) concentrations generally had higher pH, Eh, and DO than shallow groundwater, indicating that the high Cr(VI) groundwater existed in relatively oxic environment. Cretaceous sandstones in deep aquifers had anomalously high contents of total Cr (average 115 mg/kg), where Cr was mainly present in silicates-bound form, and secondly in strongly adsorbed form. There were positive correlations between Mn and Cr in the unweathered silicate-bound form and adsorbed form, which were conducive to Cr(III) oxidation into Cr(VI) in an alkaline-oxic environment. The different ionic ratios (i.e. (Ca2+ + Mg2+)/(HCO3- + SO42-)) also supported silicate weathering as the dominant rock-water interactions in the deep groundwater, which enhanced the release of the unweathered silicate-bound Cr. Relatively high pH and ionic strength mobilized the adsorbed Cr(VI) into groundwater. This investigation emphasizes the geological origin of high Cr(VI) groundwater in deep sandstone aquifers containing Mn oxides, which deserves more concerns for the purpose of drinking water supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, and School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Huaming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, and School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Jiahong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, and School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Huiying Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, and School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Di Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, and School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Bingying Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, and School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
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Hydrogeochemical Processes and Natural Background Levels of Chromium in an Ultramafic Environment. The Case Study of Vermio Mountain, Western Macedonia, Greece. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13202809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The hydrogeochemical processes and natural background levels (NBLs) of chromium in the ultramafic environment of Vermio Mountain, Western Macedonia, Greece, were studied. Seventy groundwater samples were collected from 15 natural springs between 2014–2020, and an extensive set of physical and chemical parameters were determined. The ultramafic-dominated environment of western Vermio Mt. favors elevated groundwater concentrations of dissolved magnesium (Mg2+), silicon (Si), nickel (Ni), and Cr in natural spring waters. Chromium was the principal environmental parameter that exhibited a wide range of concentrations, from 0.5 to 131.5 μg/L, systematically exceeding the permissible limit of 50 μg/L for drinking water. Statistical evaluation of hydrogeological, hydrochemical, and hydrological data highlighted the water-ultramafic rock process as the predominant contributor of Cr in groundwater. The NBL assessment for Cr and Cr(VI) was successfully applied to the typical ultramafic-dominated spring “Potistis” that satisfied all the methodology criteria. The NBLs of Cr and Cr(VI) were defined at 130 μg/L and 100 μg/L, respectively, revealing that a natural ultramafic-dominated environment exhibits the geochemical potential to contribute very high concentrations of geogenic Cr to groundwater. The holistic methodology, proposed herein, could be implemented in any catchment scale to assess geogenic and anthropogenic Cr-sources that degrade groundwater quality.
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Fang H, Lin Z, Fu X. Spatial variation, water quality, and health risk assessment of trace elements in groundwater in Beijing and Shijiazhuang, North China Plain. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:57046-57059. [PMID: 34081283 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14557-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metal(loid)s pollution of groundwater in northern China is of great concern due to the increasing shortage of fresh water resources. In the present study, total 159 of groundwater samples were collected from the Miyun-Huairou-Shunyi (MHS) districts in Beijing city and the Hutuo River Plain (HRP) in Shijiazhuang city. Nineteen trace elements dissolved in groundwater were measured. Results showed that Al (12.3 %), Mn (5.3%), Zn (1.8%), As (1.8%), and Pb (1.8%) in the MHS samples, and Mn (2.2%) in the HRP samples exceeded their standard threshold of WHO and China. Exceedance of trace elements was attributed to both geochemical background and local human activities. Human health risk assessment showed that local consumers were exposed at a low level of health risk, except in specific area with a high level of arsenic. Elements of arsenic and chromium were important risk contributors in the two regions. The risk of oral exposure was greater than that of skin uptake. Children were more susceptible to non-carcinogenic risk and less to carcinogenic risk than adults. A Nemerow index and CRITIC-weighted WQI were applied to classify groundwater quality. The results from the two methods were comparable to a large extend. More population living in plain rather than mountain resulted in a gradual deterioration trend of groundwater quality from mountain to plain. The samples with poor water quality were almost collected in the area with heavy industrial and agricultural activities. The CRITIC-weighted WQI was recommended for groundwater quality assessment. A simple classification criterion was reformulated based on the MHS hazard index analysis. The groundwaters in the two research fields were not seriously polluted, but potential risks should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhifen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaoli Fu
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Mpouras T, Polydera A, Dermatas D, Verdone N, Vilardi G. Multi wall carbon nanotubes application for treatment of Cr(VI)-contaminated groundwater; Modeling of batch & column experiments. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 269:128749. [PMID: 33272668 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are carbonaceous nanomaterials with novel adsorption properties. In this study MWCNTs were used as adsorbents for hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), and the influence of operating parameters, on adsorption process, such as pH, MWCNTs and Cr(VI) concentration, and contact time have been investigated. Batch and column experiments were carried out in order to investigate the removal efficiency of MWCNTs for different Cr(VI) concentrations related to groundwater polluted by either anthropogenic activities or by geogenic processes. The experimental results showed that pH was the most crucial factor for adsorption efficiency. Cr(VI) adsorption was inversely proportional with pH value and more specifically adsorption was significantly decreased for pH values higher than 7. The effect of adsorbent's concentration showed the high adsorption capacity of MWCNTs. The adsorption process was very fast since was almost completed within 1 h. Different isotherm models have been adopted to interpret the experimental equilibrium data, as well as two mass-transfer based model were used to describe the dynamic behavior of Cr(VI) sorption phenomenon in column experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanasis Mpouras
- School of Civil Engineering, Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechniou 9, 15780, Zografou, Athens, Greece.
| | - Angeliki Polydera
- School of Civil Engineering, Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechniou 9, 15780, Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Dermatas
- School of Civil Engineering, Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechniou 9, 15780, Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Nicola Verdone
- Department of Chemical Materials Environmental Engineering, 'La Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Vilardi
- Department of Chemical Materials Environmental Engineering, 'La Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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On-Line Separation and Determination of Trivalent and Hexavalent Chromium with a New Liquid Membrane Annular Contactor Coupled to Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9030536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a new on-line sensitive and selective procedure for the determination of trivalent and hexavalent chromium in liquid samples by a tailor-made contactor (TMC), specifically a liquid membrane annular TMC, coupled with inductively coupled plasma with optical detection. The TMC was designed and developed to integrate the extraction and stripping phases of the analyte in one module to minimize the membrane solvent’s consumption and maximize the speed of transport through the liquid membrane. Moreover, the particular geometry studied, which consists of two coaxial hollow fibers, allows the TMC to be used for both separating and preconcentrating purposes. Both (−)-N-dodecyl-N-methylephedrinium bromide (30 mM) in dichloroethane and HNO3 (0.75 M) were used as the liquid membrane and receiving solution, respectively. The proposed method’s performance was evaluated in terms of the hexavalent chromium extraction efficiency and the coefficient of variation percentages; these were higher than 85% and less than 5%, respectively. In addition, the proposed procedure was applied to two real samples: a tap water sample and an eluate from solid urban waste. In both cases, the analytical performances were good and comparable to those obtained using synthetic standard solutions.
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Toli A, Mystrioti C, Xenidis A, Papassiopi N. Continuous Flow Process for Cr(VI) Removal from Aqueous Solutions Using Resin Supported Zero-Valent Iron. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 106:409-414. [PMID: 32300827 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02843-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the performance of a nanocomposite material consisting of nano zero valent iron and a cation exchange resin, for the reduction of chromate, by conducting column tests. A cationic resin, Amberlyst 15, was selected as porous host material. The synthesis of the nanocomposite material (R-nFe) was carried out using Green Tea extract to obtain the reduction of adsorbed Fe(III) to the elemental state Fe(0). Three column tests were implemented with different dimensions, corresponding to variable contact times between the aqueous solution and the resin beads loaded with Fe(0), namely 168, 744 and 1260 s respectively for columns I, II and III. The results indicated that the removal of Cr(VI) follows a first order kinetic law with a chemical constant equal to 0.0526 min-1 (8.8 × 10-4 s-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Toli
- Sch. of Mining and Metallurgical Eng., National Technical University of Athens, 15780, Athens, Greece.
| | - Ch Mystrioti
- Sch. of Mining and Metallurgical Eng., National Technical University of Athens, 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - A Xenidis
- Sch. of Mining and Metallurgical Eng., National Technical University of Athens, 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - N Papassiopi
- Sch. of Mining and Metallurgical Eng., National Technical University of Athens, 15780, Athens, Greece
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Hatipoglu-Bagci Z, Bayari CS. CrVI and Trace Element Contaminated Groundwater Systems Connected with Ophiolitic Rocks. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 106:415-420. [PMID: 32451561 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02887-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The level and distribution of chromium (as total chromium and CrVI) and other trace elements were investigated from surface and groundwater samples collected over three periods (n = 155) from Mersin (Turkey) in terms of their origins and potential health risk. The maximum total chromium is 41 µg/L and some of the samples have CrVI contents above 5 µg/L, which is the maximum permissible level of CrVI under Italian regulations. The dominant water facies are Ca-HCO3 and Mg-HCO3 types based on the Piper diagram. The Ca-HCO3 type waters originate mainly from interaction with carbonate rocks, and the Mg-HCO3 type waters originate from serpentinite dissolution. Chromium contents are higher in Mg-HCO3 water types and the highest concentrations are found in samples from ophiolitic rocks and industrial areas. The As, Fe, Pb, Al, and Ni contents of some samples are above the EU limits in industrial areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Hatipoglu-Bagci
- Department of Geological Engineering, Mersin University, Ciftlikkoy, 33343, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - C S Bayari
- Hydrogeological Engineering Section, Department of Geological Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06532, Ankara, Turkey
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Mystrioti C, Mpouras T, Papassiopi N, Dermatas D. Chromium Removal Using Soil Loaded with Green Iron Nanoparticles. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 106:453-457. [PMID: 32870332 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02969-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chromate is considered as a serious environmental problem due its toxicity. Iron nanoparticles produced by green tea polyphenols (GT-nZVI) is a powerful reductant, which can effectively reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III). Nano ZVI suspension was initially conceived ideal for direct injection in the contaminated aquifers. However GT-nZVI presents limited mobility in calcareous aquifers. For this reason the incorporation of nanoiron in a permeable reactive barrier was investigated as an alternative mode of GT-nZVI application. Namely an amount of soil was loaded with nZVI (0.40 mmol/g of soil) and was evaluated for Cr(VI) removal by conducting batch and column tests. Batch tests were carried out by mixing soil samples, loaded with different levels of nZVI from 0.04 to 0.40 mmol per gram, with contaminated groundwater (GW) containing 1300 ppb Cr(VI). Cr(VI) concentration dropped below detection limit within 1 day using the highest nZVI dose. Soil pre-loaded with nZVI (S-nZVI) presented also high efficiency for chromates remediation, when tested under flow conditions by conducting column tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana Mystrioti
- School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780, Athens, Greece.
| | - Thanasis Mpouras
- School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nymphodora Papassiopi
- School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Dermatas
- School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Zhang Z, Wang W. Managing aquifer recharge with multi-source water to realize sustainable management of groundwater resources in Jinan, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10872-10888. [PMID: 33106904 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11353-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is an important approach to address water security, water quality decline, ground subsidence, and aquifer degradation. In this study, the large-scale recharge experiments were conducted in a natural river with multiple water sources. The MAR with multi-source water was investigated by developing an improved matter-element model under a limited recharged quantity and period in Jinan, China. Results showed that the background levels (BL) of groundwater quality before recharge was relatively good. However, the use of different water sources would cause a significant increase in the content of some groundwater quality indexes, which might further induce deterioration of regional groundwater quality. And the water quality in porous and karst aquifer displayed deteriorating trends during different water source recharge. Additionally, the adverse effects of recharge water sources on regional groundwater quality in turn was South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SN) > Yellow River (YR) > Wohushan Reservoir (WR). Meanwhile, the high-risk indexes in groundwater quality were presented during different water source recharge. Accordingly, relevant suggestions and measures were then put forward to optimize the MAR with multi-source water and explore the high-efficiency and low-risk recharge mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Weiping Wang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
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Yao F, Jia M, Yang Q, Luo K, Chen F, Zhong Y, He L, Pi Z, Hou K, Wang D, Li X. Electrochemical Cr(VI) removal from aqueous media using titanium as anode: Simultaneous indirect electrochemical reduction of Cr(VI) and in-situ precipitation of Cr(III). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 260:127537. [PMID: 32682133 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel method for complete Cr(Ⅵ) removal was achieved in a single-chamber cell with titanium (Ti) as anode via simultaneous indirect electro-reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) and in-situ precipitation of Cr(Ⅲ). The Cr(Ⅵ) and total Cr removal, and electric energy consumption were optimized as a function of electrochemical reactor, current density, initial Cr(Ⅵ) and chloride (Cl-) concentration, and initial solution pH. The maximum Cr(Ⅵ) and total Cr removal efficiency reached 80.5 and 79.4% respectively within 12 h at current density of 10 mA cm-2 as initial Cr(Ⅵ) concentration was 0.078 mM. Decreasing the initial solution pH was beneficial to Cr(Ⅵ) reduction, but Cr(Ⅲ) precipitation was inhibited, resulting in the poor total Cr removal. The suitable Cl- concentration guaranteed sufficient reducing agents (Ti3+ and Ti2+) for Cr(Ⅵ) removal. The reaction mechanism demonstrated that Ti anode could be corroded to produce Ti3+ and Ti2+, which provided the electrons for reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) to Cr(Ⅲ). Simultaneously, the solid products (Ti2O(6x-y-z+52)Cl2yCr2x(OH)2z(s)) were in-situ formed and precipitated from the solution due to the continuous generation of hydroxyl ion (OH-) from cathode. This study might provide a new electrochemical method with non-precious metal as the electrode for complete Cr(Ⅵ) removal from aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fubing Yao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Maocong Jia
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Kun Luo
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, 410003, PR China.
| | - Fei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China
| | - Yu Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control Technology, Hunan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Changsha, 410004, PR China
| | - Li He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Zhoujie Pi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Kunjie Hou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
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14
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Njoya O, Zhao S, Qu Y, Shen J, Wang B, Shi H, Chen Z. Performance and potential mechanism of Cr(VI) reduction and subsequent Cr(III) precipitation using sodium borohydride driven by oxalate. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 275:111165. [PMID: 32854051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The method of treating high concentrations of Cr(VI) alone by NaBH4 has proved feasible, but the effects of the coexistence of Cr(VI) and organic compounds have not been evaluated. The objective of this study was to explore the potential mechanism by which oxalate affects the reduction of high concentrations of Cr(VI) treated by sodium borohydride (NaBH4) and the subsequent precipitation of Cr(III). The results show that Cr(VI) reduction could be gradually promoted by oxalate (1.0-10 mM). Compared with the control solution, the reduction of Cr(VI) in a 10 mM oxalate solution could be increased from 56.6% to 99.1%. Particularly, the promotion of Cr(VI) reduction attributed to the enhancement of OH- production from NaBH4 hydrolysis due to the increasing concentration of C2O42- species, forming conjugated acid-base pairs in the form HC2O4--C2O42-, which provided an effective buffer. In 0.10-0.40 mM oxalate-Cr(VI)-NaBH4 systems, the resulting Cr(III) could precipitate at different levels within 20 h, and showed settlement rates in the range of 8.8% and 95.8%, but no precipitate was found in 1.0-10 mM oxalate-Cr-NaBH4 systems. This is related to whether there was a sufficient oxalate dosage, which could be complexed with Cr (III) at a molar ratio of 1:1. The precipitates were analysed by means of electron spin resonance (ESR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), indicating that Cr (III) could support oxalate coprecipitation. The results of the present study reveal the influence of oxalate on Cr(VI) reduction and subsequent Cr (III) precipitation, which are of great significance to the application of NaBH4 in the treatment of industrial wastewater containing Cr(VI)-oxalate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ousmanou Njoya
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Shengxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Yanfeng Qu
- School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, 671003, China
| | - Jimin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Binyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Han Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Zhonglin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
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Distribution of Selenium in the Soil–Plant–Groundwater System: Factors Controlling Its Bio-Accumulation. MINERALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/min10090795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for humans and animals, but both Se excess and deficiency can cause various health risks. Since Greece is among the European countries where people have very low Se-serum, the present study is focused on the Se distribution in cultivated and non-cultivated plants and relative soil coming from the Neogene basins of Greece (Assopos-Thiva and Attica), aiming to define potential Se-source/es and factors controlling Se bio-accumulation and enrichment in food. The dry weight Se values are relatively low (0.1–0.9 mg/kg) with the highest Se contents in garlic, beet and lettuce from the Assopos basin, where the translocation percentage [(mplant/msoil) × 100] for Se, P and S is much higher compared to non-cultivated Attica basin. There is a diversity between the Se source in soil and coastal groundwater which is used for irrigation in the cultivated Assopos–Thiva basin. The soil pH and oxidizing conditions (Eh) are considered the main driving force to make Se available for plant uptake. Potential sources for Se in Greece are Fe-Cu-Zn-sulphide ores and peat deposits in northern Greece, with a Se content ranging from decades to hundreds of mg/kg. Application of the leaching testing protocol is necessary to select the most appropriate proportion of additives to improve the Se deficiencies in agricultural soil.
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Fuoco I, Figoli A, Criscuoli A, Brozzo G, De Rosa R, Gabriele B, Apollaro C. Geochemical modeling of chromium release in natural waters and treatment by RO/NF membrane processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 254:126696. [PMID: 32335434 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a geochemical approach was used as strong-scientific tool for pre-selection of suitable remediation systems to treat Cr-contaminated groundwaters. The geochemical characterization allowed to select Nanofiltration (NF) and Reverse Osmosis (RO) as suitable remediation processes, whereas through a new geochemical modeling, the evolution of water chemistry during the water-rock interaction was also studied. The new reaction path modelling was performed re-evaluating the role of Fe as main oxidant in the system and the analytic concentrations of relevant solutes, including Cr(VI), were reproduced. The spring with the highest Cr(VI) content was treated to lower its concentration below the threshold values. A laboratory-scale set-up was used to carry out both NF and RO experiments. The experiments were conducted on different commercial membranes varying the operating pressures. The results showed high Cr(VI) rejections (around 95%) for all tested membranes, leading to Cr(VI) concentrations below the threshold limits. The high flux, obtained already at lower operating pressures, combined with high selectivity towards Cr(VI) makes NF a favorable remediation option.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Fuoco
- DiBEST - University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, cubo 15b, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - A Figoli
- Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), Via P. Bucci cubo 17c, I-87036, Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - A Criscuoli
- Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), Via P. Bucci cubo 17c, I-87036, Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - G Brozzo
- ACAM Acque S.p.A., Via Alberto Picco 22, I-19124, La Spezia, Italy
| | - R De Rosa
- DiBEST - University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, cubo 15b, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - B Gabriele
- Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), Via P. Bucci cubo 17c, I-87036, Rende, CS, Italy; LISOC Group, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Tecnologie University of Calabria, via Ponte Bucci 12c, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - C Apollaro
- DiBEST - University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, cubo 15b, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy.
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Tumolo M, Ancona V, De Paola D, Losacco D, Campanale C, Massarelli C, Uricchio VF. Chromium Pollution in European Water, Sources, Health Risk, and Remediation Strategies: An Overview. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E5438. [PMID: 32731582 PMCID: PMC7432837 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Chromium is a potentially toxic metal occurring in water and groundwater as a result of natural and anthropogenic sources. Microbial interaction with mafic and ultramafic rocks together with geogenic processes release Cr (VI) in natural environment by chromite oxidation. Moreover, Cr (VI) pollution is largely related to several Cr (VI) industrial applications in the field of energy production, manufacturing of metals and chemicals, and subsequent waste and wastewater management. Chromium discharge in European Union (EU) waters is subjected to nationwide recommendations, which vary depending on the type of industry and receiving water body. Once in water, chromium mainly occurs in two oxidation states Cr (III) and Cr (VI) and related ion forms depending on pH values, redox potential, and presence of natural reducing agents. Public concerns with chromium are primarily related to hexavalent compounds owing to their toxic effects on humans, animals, plants, and microorganisms. Risks for human health range from skin irritation to DNA damages and cancer development, depending on dose, exposure level, and duration. Remediation strategies commonly used for Cr (VI) removal include physico-chemical and biological methods. This work critically presents their advantages and disadvantages, suggesting a site-specific and accurate evaluation for choosing the best available recovering technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Tumolo
- Water Research, Institute-Italian National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), 70132 Bari, Italy; (M.T.); (D.L.); (C.C.); (C.M.); (V.F.U.)
- Department of Biology, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Valeria Ancona
- Water Research, Institute-Italian National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), 70132 Bari, Italy; (M.T.); (D.L.); (C.C.); (C.M.); (V.F.U.)
| | - Domenico De Paola
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Italian National Research Council (IBBR-CNR), 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Daniela Losacco
- Water Research, Institute-Italian National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), 70132 Bari, Italy; (M.T.); (D.L.); (C.C.); (C.M.); (V.F.U.)
- Department of Biology, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Campanale
- Water Research, Institute-Italian National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), 70132 Bari, Italy; (M.T.); (D.L.); (C.C.); (C.M.); (V.F.U.)
| | - Carmine Massarelli
- Water Research, Institute-Italian National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), 70132 Bari, Italy; (M.T.); (D.L.); (C.C.); (C.M.); (V.F.U.)
| | - Vito Felice Uricchio
- Water Research, Institute-Italian National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), 70132 Bari, Italy; (M.T.); (D.L.); (C.C.); (C.M.); (V.F.U.)
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18
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Gwenzi W. Occurrence, behaviour, and human exposure pathways and health risks of toxic geogenic contaminants in serpentinitic ultramafic geological environments (SUGEs): A medical geology perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 700:134622. [PMID: 31693951 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Serpentinitic ultramafic geological environments (SUGEs) contain toxic geogenic contaminants (TGCs). Yet comprehensive reviews on the medical geology of SUGEs are still lacking. The current paper posits that TGCs occur widely in SUGEs, and pose human health risks. The objectives of the review are to: (1) highlight the nature, occurrence and behaviour of TGCs associated with SUGEs; (2) discuss the human intake pathways and health risks of TGCs; (4) identify the key risk factors predisposing human health to TGCs particularly in Africa; and (5) highlight key knowledge gaps and future research directions. TGCs of human health concern in SUGEs include chrysotile asbestos, toxic metals (Fe, Cr, Ni, Mn, Zn, Co), and rare earth elements. Human intake of TGCs occur via inhalation, and ingestion of contaminated drinking water, wild foods, medicinal plants, animal foods, and geophagic earths. Occupational exposure may occur in the mining, milling, sculpturing, engraving, and carving industries. African populations are particularly at high risk due to: (1) widespread consumption of wild foods, medicinal plants, untreated drinking water, and geophagic earths; (2) weak and poorly enforced environmental, occupational, and public health regulations; and (3) lack of human health surveillance systems. Human health risks of chrysotile include asbestosis, cancers, and mesothelioma. Toxic metals are redox active, thus generate reactive oxygen species causing oxidative stress. Dietary intake of iron and geophagy may increase the iron overload among native Africans who are genetically predisposed to such health risks. Synergistic interactions among TGCs particularly chrysotile and toxic metals may have adverse human health effects. The occurrence of SUGEs, coupled with the several risk factors in Africa, provides a unique and ideal setting for investigating the relationships between TGCs and human health risks. A conceptual framework for human health risk assessment and mitigation, and future research direction are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willis Gwenzi
- Biosystems and Environmental Engineering Research Group, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe.
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Vasileiou E, Papazotos P, Dimitrakopoulos D, Perraki M. Expounding the origin of chromium in groundwater of the Sarigkiol basin, Western Macedonia, Greece: a cohesive statistical approach and hydrochemical study. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:509. [PMID: 31342188 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7655-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to provide a methodology including statistical tools and spatial techniques, in order to identify the various potential sources of chromium (Crtot) in the Sarigkiol basin, Western Macedonia, Greece, where elevated concentrations of Crtot in groundwater have been recorded since 1996. Integrated hydrochemical approach and statistical analyses including Pearson's correlation coefficient, multivariate statistical analyses (factor analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis), and spatial techniques (Moran's I spatial autocorrelation index and bivariate local indicator spatial association cluster map) were applied to evaluate the chemical analyses of 73 water samples, from irrigation wells, natural springs, and surface water. Both natural and anthropogenic sources of Crtot were recorded; the first (ultramafic-dominated environment) is strongly depicted on the natural spring water, in which Crtot concentrations as high as ~ 130 μg/L were recorded, whereas the second (agricultural activities) acts synergistically in the irrigation wells of the Sarigkiol basin, in which strong correlations of Crtot, P, and NO3- were defined. The paper highlights its findings by outlining the potential sources of elevated concentrations of Cr6+ in the Sarigkiol basin, stressing the need for a closer attention on the role of agricultural activities as an important, though commonly neglected, anthropogenic source of Crtot in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Vasileiou
- School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Division of Geo-sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou St, 15773, Zografou, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Papazotos
- School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Division of Geo-sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou St, 15773, Zografou, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Dimitrakopoulos
- Department of Mines Central Support, Hydrogeological Studies Section, Public Power Corporation of Greece (PPC), 29 Chalkokondili St, 10432, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Perraki
- School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Division of Geo-sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou St, 15773, Zografou, Greece.
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Papazotos P, Vasileiou E, Perraki M. The synergistic role of agricultural activities in groundwater quality in ultramafic environments: the case of the Psachna basin, central Euboea, Greece. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:317. [PMID: 31041530 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7430-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we approach the geochemical processes affecting the hydrochemistry and resulting in elevated concentrations of hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) in groundwater of the Psachna basin, central Euboea, Greece. Sixty-five groundwater samples and 16 topsoil (5-20 cm) samples were studied in order to examine groundwater and soil quality in relation to geogenic processes and anthropogenic activities. Specifically, the origin of Cr and Cr6+ in groundwater was investigated by co-evaluating (a) hydrochemical cross plots of major ions; (b) spatial distribution maps of Cl-, Mg2+, NO3-, and Cr6+; (c) multivariate statistical analyses such as factor analysis (FA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) of groundwater geochemistry; (d) chemical analyses of soil samples; and (e) chemical analyses of fertilizers. The major factors that control the hydrochemistry of the study area are reverse ion exchange, dissolution of silicate minerals, and intense agricultural activities. According to FA, three factors explain 73.2% of the total variance of data, whereas according to HCA, the groundwater samples were classified into three groups indicating both geogenic (water-rock interaction) and anthropogenic (agricultural activities) impact. The high concentration of NO3-, up to 540 mg L-1; the strong positive correlation between NO3- and Cr as well as between NO3- and other parameters such as SO42- and Mg2+ in groundwater samples; and the very high content of P, up to 2444 mg kg-1, in soil samples of the Psachna basin, imply the synergistic, although commonly neglected, role of the use of fertilizers in groundwater quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Papazotos
- School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Division of Geo-sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou St., 15773, Zografou, Greece
| | - Eleni Vasileiou
- School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Division of Geo-sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou St., 15773, Zografou, Greece
| | - Maria Perraki
- School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Division of Geo-sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou St., 15773, Zografou, Greece.
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21
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Apollaro C, Fuoco I, Brozzo G, De Rosa R. Release and fate of Cr(VI) in the ophiolitic aquifers of Italy: the role of Fe(III) as a potential oxidant of Cr(III) supported by reaction path modelling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 660:1459-1471. [PMID: 30743939 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Reaction path modelling of serpentinite dissolution in meteoric water was performed, varying Fe2O3/(FeO + Fe2O3) weight ratios of serpentine and reproducing the analytical concentrations of relevant solutes, including Cr(VI), in the Mg-HCO3 groundwaters hosted in the ophiolitic aquifers of Italy. The occurrence of geogenic Cr(VI) in these groundwaters appears to be potentially controlled by the oxidation of trivalent Cr to the hexavalent redox state, driven by the reduction of trivalent Fe to the divalent redox state. In fact, trivalent Fe is the only oxidant present in suitable amounts in serpentinite rock, and even serpentine contains a high content of trivalent Fe as proven by recent studies. In contrast, the generally accepted hypothesis that geogenic Cr(VI) in waters interacting with serpentinites is driven by the reduction of trivalent and tetravalent Mn is questionable, since serpentinite rock has a low Mn content and it is necessary to invoke adsorption of trivalent Cr ions onto the surface of Mn oxides, which are oxidised as a surface complex to hexavalent Cr. Moreover, Mn oxides are present in the aqueous solution as suspended particles or in rocks as coatings or nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Apollaro
- DiBEST, University of Calabria, P. Bucci street, cubo 15b, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Ilaria Fuoco
- DiBEST, University of Calabria, P. Bucci street, cubo 15b, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | | | - Rosanna De Rosa
- DiBEST, University of Calabria, P. Bucci street, cubo 15b, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
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22
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Megremi I, Vasilatos C, Vassilakis E, Economou-Eliopoulos M. Spatial diversity of Cr distribution in soil and groundwater sites in relation with land use management in a Mediterranean region: The case of C. Evia and Assopos-Thiva Basins, Greece. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:656-667. [PMID: 30245422 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study compiles new and literature data in a GIS platform aiming to (a) evaluate the extent and magnitude of Cr contamination in a Mediterranean region (Assopos-Thiva and Central Evia (Euboea) Basins, Greece); (b) combine spatial distribution of Cr in soil and groundwater with land use maps; (c) determine geochemical constraints on contamination by Cr; and (d) provide information that will be useful for better management of land use in a Mediterranean type ecosystem in order to prevent further degradation of natural resources. The spatial diversity of Cr distribution in soils and groundwater throughout the C. Evia and Assopos-Thiva Basins is considered. It is attributed to both natural Cr sources (Cr-bearing peridotites, affecting primarily soil) and human (industrial) activities (the dominant source of groundwater contamination). A combination of the spatial distribution of metals in soil and land use maps was used to define the specific areas of agricultural land use with elevated heavy metal contents. Furthermore, the combination of the spatial distribution of Cr in groundwater and land use maps allows for definition of specific areas of industrial land use with elevated Cr concentrations (Inofita, south Assopos-Thiva Basin). Despite the good correlation (r = 0.75) between Cr(VI) and the strong oxidant NO3- in C. Evia, the lower standard potential (E0) values for NO3- compared to those for Cr2O72- (the latter is a stronger oxidant than the former) suggest that NO3- is not an oxidant of Cr. This detailed assessment and presentation of the available analytical data for soil and groundwater in Assopos-Thiva and C. Evia Basins on a land use map provides information for land management decision makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifigeneia Megremi
- Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, University of Athens, Athens 15784, Greece
| | - Charalampos Vasilatos
- Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, University of Athens, Athens 15784, Greece.
| | - Emmanuel Vassilakis
- Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, University of Athens, Athens 15784, Greece
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23
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Vilardi G, Mpouras T, Dermatas D, Verdone N, Polydera A, Di Palma L. Nanomaterials application for heavy metals recovery from polluted water: The combination of nano zero-valent iron and carbon nanotubes. Competitive adsorption non-linear modeling. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 201:716-729. [PMID: 29547860 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) and nano Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI) particles, as well as two nanocomposites based on these novel nanomaterials, were employed as nano-adsorbents for the removal of hexavalent chromium, selenium and cobalt, from aqueous solutions. Nanomaterials characterization included the determination of their point of zero charge and particle size distribution. CNTs were further analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and Raman spectroscopy to determine their morphology and structural properties. Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the removal efficiency and the possible competitive interactions among metal ions. Adsorption was found to be the main removal mechanism, except for Cr(VI) treatment by nZVI, where reduction was the predominant mechanism. The removal efficiency was estimated in decreasing order as CNTs-nZVI > nZVI > CNTs > CNTs-nZVI* independently upon the tested heavy metal. In the case of competitive adsorption, Cr(VI) exhibited the highest affinity for every adsorbent. The preferable Cr(VI) removal was also observed using binary systems of the tested metals by means of the CNTs-nZVI nanocomposite. Single species adsorption was better described by the non-linear Sips model, whilst competitive adsorption followed the modified Langmuir model. The CNTs-nZVI nanocomposite was tested for its reusability, and showed high adsorption efficiency (the qmax values decreased less than 50% with respect to the first use) even after three cycles of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Vilardi
- Department of Chemical Materials Environmental Engineering, 'La Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Thanasis Mpouras
- School of Civil Engineering, Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechniou 9, 157 80 Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Dermatas
- School of Civil Engineering, Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechniou 9, 157 80 Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Nicola Verdone
- Department of Chemical Materials Environmental Engineering, 'La Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Angeliki Polydera
- School of Civil Engineering, Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechniou 9, 157 80 Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Luca Di Palma
- Department of Chemical Materials Environmental Engineering, 'La Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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24
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Kazakis N, Kantiranis N, Kalaitzidou K, Kaprara E, Mitrakas M, Frei R, Vargemezis G, Tsourlos P, Zouboulis A, Filippidis A. Origin of hexavalent chromium in groundwater: The example of Sarigkiol Basin, Northern Greece. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 593-594:552-566. [PMID: 28360005 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium constitutes a serious deterioration factor for the groundwater quality of several regions around the world. High concentrations of this contaminant have been also reported in the groundwater of the Sarigkiol hydrological basin (near Kozani city, NW Greece). Specific interest was paid to this particular study area due to the co-existence here of two important factors both expected to contribute to Cr(VI) presence and groundwater pollution; namely the area's exposed ophiolitic rocks and its substantial fly ash deposits originating from the local lignite burning power plant. Accordingly, detailed geochemical, mineralogical, hydro-chemical, geophysical and hydrogeological studies were performed on the rocks, soils, sediments and water resources of this basin. Cr(VI) concentrations varied in the different aquifers, with the highest concentration (up to 120μgL-1) recorded in the groundwater of the unconfined porous aquifer situated near the temporary fly ash disposal site. Recharge of the porous aquifer is related mainly to precipitation infiltration and occasional surface run-off. Nevertheless, a hydraulic connection between the porous and neighboring karst aquifers could not be delineated. Therefore, the presence of Cr(VI) in the groundwater of this area is thought to originate from both the ophiolitic rock weathering products in the soils, and the local leaching of Cr(VI) from the diffused fly ash located in the area surrounding the lignite power plant. This conclusion was corroborated by factor analysis, and the strongly positively fractionated Cr isotopes (δ53Cr up to 0.83‰) recorded in groundwater, an ash leachate, and the bulk fly ash. An anthropogenic source of Cr(VI) that possibly influences groundwater quality is especially apparent in the eastern part of the Sarigkiol basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kazakis
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Geology, Lab. of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - N Kantiranis
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Geology, Dept. of Mineralogy, Petrology and Economic Geology, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - K Kalaitzidou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemical Engineering, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E Kaprara
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemical Engineering, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - M Mitrakas
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemical Engineering, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - R Frei
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Geoscience and Natural Resource Management Nord CEE, Denmark
| | - G Vargemezis
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Geology, Applied Geophysics Lab., 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - P Tsourlos
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Geology, Applied Geophysics Lab., 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Zouboulis
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemistry, Lab. of General and Inorganic Chemical Technology, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Filippidis
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Geology, Dept. of Mineralogy, Petrology and Economic Geology, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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25
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Mamun AA, Morita M, Matsuoka M, Tokoro C. Sorption mechanisms of chromate with coprecipitated ferrihydrite in aqueous solution. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 334:142-149. [PMID: 28407541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) attracted researchers' interest for its toxicity, natural availability and removal difficulty. Nevertheless, its sorption mechanism is not clearly understood yet. In this work, we elucidated the sorption mechanism of the co-precipitation of chromates with ferrihydrite through quantitative analysis. The influence of Cr/Fe molar ratio on sorption was investigated by zeta potential measurements, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray adsorption fine-structure analysis (XAFS). Coprecipitation at pH 5 showed almost twice the sorption density of adsorption at pH 5. In co-precipitation, a shift of the XRD peak due to inner-sphere sorption of chromate was observed at Cr/Fe molar ratio 0.5. For adsorption, the same peak shift was confirmed at Cr/Fe molar ratio of 1. Zeta potential at pH 5 suggested that the sorption mechanism changed at Cr/Fe molar ratio 0.25 for coprecipitation and at Cr/Fe molar ratio of 1 for adsorption. Fitting of Cr and Fe K-edge extended X-ray adsorption fine-structure suggested that ferrihydrite immobilized Cr(VI) via outer sphere surface complexation for lower Cr/Fe ratios and via inner-sphere surface complexation for higher molar ratios. At higher molar ratios, bidentate binuclear CrFe bonds were well established, thus resulting in the expansion of the ferrihydrite structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Mamun
- Graduate School of Creative Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
| | - Masao Morita
- Graduate School of Creative Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
| | - Mitsuaki Matsuoka
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
| | - Chiharu Tokoro
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
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26
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Mohagheghian A, Vahidi-Kolur R, Pourmohseni M, Yang JK, Shirzad-Siboni M. Application of Scallop shell-Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 75:2369-2380. [PMID: 28541945 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, removal of Cr(VI) by Scallop shell-Fe3O4 nanoparticles was investigated with variation of pH, adsorbent dosage, initial Cr(VI) concentration, ionic strength and temperature. Coating of Fe3O4 nanoparticles onto Scallop shell was identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The maximum adsorption was observed at pH 3. Removal efficiency of Cr(VI) was increased with increasing adsorbent dosage, but was decreased with increasing initial Cr(VI) concentration and temperature. Removal efficiency of Cr(VI) was decreased in the presence of sulfate and carbonate ions. Adsorption kinetic study revealed that a pseudo-second order model better described the removal data than a pseudo-first order model and an intra-particle diffusion model. Maximum adsorption capacity was estimated to be 34.48 mg/g. Thermodynamic studies indicated that adsorption of Cr(VI) onto Scallop shell-Fe3O4 nanoparticles occurred via an exothermic (ΔH = -320.88 KJ mol-1) process. Adsorption efficiency of Cr(VI) by Scallop shell-Fe3O4 nanoparticles was maintained even after eight successive cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azita Mohagheghian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran E-mail:
| | - Robabeh Vahidi-Kolur
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran E-mail:
| | - Melina Pourmohseni
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran E-mail:
| | - Jae-Kyu Yang
- Ingenium College, Kwangwoon University 20 Kwangun-ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, Korea 01897
| | - Mehdi Shirzad-Siboni
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran E-mail: ; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran and Research Center of Health and Environment, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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27
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Dermatas D. Waste management and research and the sustainable development goals: Focus on soil and groundwater pollution. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2017; 35:453-455. [PMID: 28462675 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x17706474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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28
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Dermatas D, Panagiotakis I, Mpouras T, Tettas K. The Origin of Hexavalent Chromium as a Critical Parameter for Remediation of Contaminated Aquifers. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 98:331-337. [PMID: 27888329 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-016-1985-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Two different cases of Cr(VI) contaminated ophiolitic aquifers are presented herein. The first is located at Vergina (Northern Greece), where the maximum Cr(VI) concentration measured was 64 μg/L, being one of the highest geogenic concentrations recorded globally in areas with similar geological background. The second case is located at Inofyta (Central Greece), a makeshift industrial area, where the maximum detected Cr(VI) concentration exceeds 10,000 μg/L, indicating clearly anthropogenic activities as the main source. Although for the Vergina aquifer, area-wide institutional measures and in some cases pump and treat systems might be sufficient to ensure a safe water supply for domestic and agricultural use, this is not the case for the contaminated aquifer of Inofyta. There a comprehensive remediation scheme should be properly implemented adopting, however, realistic remediation targets, that should also take into account the geogenic contribution to the high Cr(VI) groundwater concentrations measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Dermatas
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou str., Zografou, Greece
| | | | - Thanasis Mpouras
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou str., Zografou, Greece.
| | - Kostas Tettas
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou str., Zografou, Greece
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29
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Mpouras T, Chrysochoou M, Dermatas D. Investigation of hexavalent chromium sorption in serpentine sediments. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2017; 197:29-38. [PMID: 28089160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study the removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) by serpentine sediments was investigated in order to delineate Cr6+ sorption behavior in aquifers with ultramafic geologic background. Batch experiments were conducted in order to determine the influence of several parameters on Cr6+ removal, including the pH of the sediment solution, mineralogy, sediment's particle size and Cr6+ initial concentration. The results showed that Cr6+ removal was due to both adsorption and reduction phenomena. Reduction was attributed to the presence of a magnetic fraction in the sediment, mostly related to magnetite, which contributed almost 50% of the total removal in the pH range 3-7. Adsorption behavior was dominated by the finer sediment fraction (d<0.075mm). The amount of Cr6+ adsorbed was constant in the pH range 3-7, while it decreased sharply in the range 7-8.5. Cr6+ adsorption was found to increase and decrease proportionally with increasing initial Cr6+ concentration of and particle size, respectively. The linear Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were used to describe the experimental data, with Freundlich providing a better fit to determine distribution factors for transport modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanasis Mpouras
- School of Civil Engineering, Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechniou 9, 157 80 Zografou, Greece.
| | - Maria Chrysochoou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Dimitris Dermatas
- School of Civil Engineering, Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechniou 9, 157 80 Zografou, Greece
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30
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Pan C, Troyer LD, Catalano JG, Giammar DE. Dynamics of Chromium(VI) Removal from Drinking Water by Iron Electrocoagulation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:13502-13510. [PMID: 27993045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The potential for new U.S. regulations for Cr(VI) in drinking water have spurred strong interests in improving technologies for Cr(VI) removal. This study examined iron electrocoagulation for Cr(VI) removal at conditions directly relevant to drinking water treatment. Cr(VI) is chemically reduced to less soluble Cr(III) species by the Fe(II) produced from an iron anode, and XANES spectra indicate that the Cr is entirely Cr(III) in solid-phases produced in electrocoagulation. The dynamics of Cr(VI) removal in electrocoagulation at pH 6 and pH 8 at both oxic and anoxic conditions can be described by a new model that incorporates Fe(II) release from the anode and heterogeneous and homogeneous reduction of Cr(VI) by Fe(II). Heterogeneous Cr(VI) reduction by adsorbed Fe(II) was critical to interpreting Cr(VI) removal at pH 6, and the Fe- and Cr-containing EC product was found to catalyze the redox reaction. Dissolved oxygen (DO) did not observably inhibit Cr(VI) removal because Fe(II) reacts with DO more slowly than it does with Cr(VI), and Cr(VI) removal was faster at higher pH. Even in the presence of common groundwater solutes, iron electrocoagulation lowered Cr(VI) concentrations to levels well below California's 10 μg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Pan
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, and ‡Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Lyndsay D Troyer
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, and ‡Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Jeffrey G Catalano
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, and ‡Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Daniel E Giammar
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, and ‡Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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Toli A, Chalastara K, Mystrioti C, Xenidis A, Papassiopi N. Incorporation of zero valent iron nanoparticles in the matrix of cationic resin beads for the remediation of Cr(VI) contaminated waters. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 214:419-429. [PMID: 27108046 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of present study was to obtain the fixation of nano zero valent iron (nZVI) particles on a permeable matrix and evaluate the performance of this composite material for the removal of Cr(VI) from contaminated waters. The experiments were carried out using the cationic resin Dowex 50WX2 as porous support of the iron nanoparticles. The work was carried out in two phases. The first phase involved the fixation of nZVI on the resin matrix. The resin granules were initially mixed with a FeCl3 solution to obtain the adsorption of Fe(III). Then the Fe(III) loaded resin (RFe) was treated with polyphenol solutions to obtain the reduction of Fe(III) to the elemental state. Two polyphenol solutions were tested as reductants, i.e. green tea extract and gallic acid. Green tea was found to be inefficient, probably due to the relatively big size of the contained polyphenol molecules, but gallic acid molecules were able to reach adsorbed Fe(III) and reduce the cations to the elemental state. The second phase was focused on the investigation of Cr(VI) reduction kinetics using the nanoiron loaded resins (R-nFe). It was found that the reduction follows a kinetic law of first order with respect to Cr(VI) and to the embedded nanoiron. Compared to other similar products, this composite material was found to have comparable performance regarding reaction rates and higher degree of iron utilization. Namely the rate constant for the reduction of Cr(VI), in the presence of 1 mM nZVI, was equivalent to 1.4 h of half-life time at pH 3.2 and increased to 24 h at pH 8.5. The degree of iron utilization was as high as 0.8 mol of reduced Cr(VI) per mole of iron. It was also found that this composite material can be easily regenerated and reused for Cr(VI) reduction without significant loss of efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Toli
- Sch. of Mining and Metallurgical Eng., National Technical University of Athens, 15780, Greece
| | - Konstantina Chalastara
- Sch. of Mining and Metallurgical Eng., National Technical University of Athens, 15780, Greece
| | - Christiana Mystrioti
- Sch. of Mining and Metallurgical Eng., National Technical University of Athens, 15780, Greece
| | - Anthimos Xenidis
- Sch. of Mining and Metallurgical Eng., National Technical University of Athens, 15780, Greece
| | - Nymphodora Papassiopi
- Sch. of Mining and Metallurgical Eng., National Technical University of Athens, 15780, Greece.
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32
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Remoundaki E, Vasileiou E, Philippou A, Perraki M, Kousi P, Hatzikioseyian A, Stamatis G. Groundwater Deterioration: The Simultaneous Effects of Intense Agricultural Activity and Heavy Metals in Soil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2016.11.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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