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Sim W, Nam A, Lee M, Oh JE. Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in surface sediments from river networks, South Korea: Spatial distribution, source identification, and ecological risks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:94371-94385. [PMID: 37531057 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28973-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the nationwide monitoring of 65 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 23 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in surface sediments was conducted at 77 sites in river networks in South Korea. The concentrations of ∑PCBs were relatively high in industrial sites (0.0297-138 ng/g dry weight (dw); mean 15.1 ng/g dw; median 5.44 ng/g dw), followed by industrial and agricultural (not detected (ND)-15.2 ng/g dw; mean 1.23 ng/g dw; median 0.513 ng/g dw), other sites (0.0369-0.209 ng/g dw; mean 0.116 ng/g dw; median 0.101 ng/g dw), and agricultural (0.0119-0.359 ng/g dw; mean 0.117 ng/g dw; median 0.0476 ng/g dw). The distribution and composition of PCBs in sediments are affected by past use of commercial products, atmospheric deposition, wastewater effluents, and manufacturing processes. The concentrations of ∑OCPs in industrial sites ranged from 0.0587 to 8.70 ng/g dw (mean 1.85 ng/g dw; median 0.989 ng/g dw), followed by industrial and agricultural (ND-8.54 ng/g dw; mean 0.739 ng/g dw; median 0.343 ng/g dw), other sites (0.0247-0.143 ng/g dw; mean 0.0939 ng/g dw; median 0.114 ng/g dw), and agricultural (0.00838-0.931 ng/g dw; mean 0.232 ng/g dw; median 0.0752 ng/g dw). Hexachlorobenzene and pentachlorobenzene are unintentionally generated in industries and combustion processes. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes and chlordane were dominantly distributed by historical use, whereas recent inputs (i.e., long-range transport and atmospheric deposition) were related to aldrin, heptachlor, and hexachlorocyclohexanes. The ecological risks determined by the sediment quality guidelines and mean probable effect level quotients were acceptable, except at two sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjin Sim
- Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Aeji Nam
- Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Lee
- National Institute of Environmental Research, 42 hwangyeong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Oh
- Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Resuscitation-Promoting Factor Accelerates Enrichment of Highly Active Tetrachloroethene/Polychlorinated Biphenyl-Dechlorinating Cultures. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0195122. [PMID: 36629425 PMCID: PMC9888273 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01951-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The anaerobic bioremediation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is largely impeded by difficulties in massively enriching PCB dechlorinators in short periods of time. Tetrachloroethene (PCE) is often utilized as an alternative electron acceptor to preenrich PCB-dechlorinating bacteria. In this study, resuscitation promoting factor (Rpf) was used as an additive to enhance the enrichment of the microbial communities involved in PCE/PCBs dechlorination. The results indicated that Rpf accelerates PCE dechlorination 3.8 to 5.4 times faster than control cultures. In Aroclor 1260-fed cultures, the amendment of Rpf enables significantly more rapid and extensive dechlorination of PCBs. The residual high-chlorinated PCB congeners (≥5 Cl atoms) accounted for 36.7% and 59.8% in the Rpf-amended cultures and in the corresponding controls, respectively. This improvement was mainly attributed to the enhanced activity of the removal of meta-chlorines (47.7 mol % versus 14.7 mol %), which did not appear to affect dechlorination pathways. The dechlorinators, including Dehalococcoides in Chloroflexi and Desulfitobacterium in Firmicutes, were greatly enriched via Rpf amendment. The abundance of nondechlorinating populations, including Methanosarcina, Desulfovibrio, and Bacteroides, was also greatly enhanced via Rpf amendment. These results suggest that Rpf serves as an effective additive for the rapid enrichment of active dechlorinating cultures so as to provide a new approach by which to massively cultivate bioinoculants for accelerated in situ anaerobic bioremediation. IMPORTANCE The resuscitation promoting factor (Rpf) of Micrococcus luteus has been reported to resuscitate and stimulate the growth of functional microorganisms that are involved in the aerobic degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). However, few studies have been conducted to investigate the role of Rpf on anaerobic microbial populations. In this study, the enhancement of Rpf on the anaerobic microbial dechlorination of PCE/PCBs was discovered. Additionally, the Rpf-responsive populations underlying the enhanced dechlorination were uncovered. This report reveals the rapid enrichment of active dechlorinating cultures via Rpf amendment, and this sheds light on massively enriching PCB dechlorinators in short periods of time. The enhanced in situ anaerobic bioremediation of PCBs could be expected by supplementing Rpf.
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Capozzi SL, Francisco KL, Stahl BL, Al Hello M, Meixler MS, Rodenburg LA. Sources of polychlorinated biphenyls to Upper Hudson River fish post-dredging. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136742. [PMID: 36209856 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic chemicals that are the dominant contaminant in the Upper Hudson River (UHR) in New York State where two General Electric (GE) plants historically discharged PCBs to the river. Portions of the UHR were dredged from 2009 to 2015 to address PCB contamination. In 2017, the first post-dredging survey of yearling feeder fish and sediment PCB contamination was conducted to establish a baseline for the recovery of the river. Prior analysis of the sediment data from the 2017 survey indicated that ∼2% of the PCBs in the surface sediment were higher in molecular weight than the formulation used by GE and therefore arose from non-GE sources. In this work, the fish PCB data from the 2017 survey were analyzed using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF). Empirical Bayesian Kriging (EBK) was used to estimate PCB concentrations in the sediment at the locations where fish were collected. The results suggest that PCBs that are the products of microbial dechlorination bioaccumulate in the fish and represent 7% of the PCB mass in the fish data set. Further, the results suggest that about 13% of the PCBs in the fish may have come from non-GE sources. This is higher than the percentage of non-GE PCBs in the sediment, but can be explained by the higher molecular weight of the non-GE mixture which causes it to bioaccumulate more effectively than GE PCBs. Concentrations of the non-GE PCBs averaged about 240 ppb wet weight (whole body) in yearling feeder fish. The remedial goals range from 50 to 400 ppb ww in fillet for fish including piscivorous species that are likely to have higher PCB concentrations than feeder fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Staci L Capozzi
- Paul H. O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 40705, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Kelly L Francisco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Briana L Stahl
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Mohson Al Hello
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA; Marine Science Center, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Marcia S Meixler
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Lisa A Rodenburg
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
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Xu L, Liu S, Tang Y, Han X, Wang Y, Fu D, Qin Q, Xu Y. Long-Term Dechlorination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Taihu Lake Sediment Microcosms: Identification of New Pathways, PCB-Driven Shifts of Microbial Communities, and Insights into Dechlorination Potential. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:938-950. [PMID: 34958198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microbial reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is regarded as an alternative approach for in situ remediation and detoxification in the environment. To better understand the process of PCB dechlorination in freshwater lake sediment, a long-term (108 weeks) dechlorination study was performed in Taihu Lake sediment microcosms with nine parent PCB congeners (PCB5, 12, 64, 71, 105, 114, 149, 153, and 170). Within 108 weeks, the total PCBs declined by 32.8%, while parent PCBs declined by 84.8%. PCB dechlorinators preferred to attack meta- and para-chlorines, principally para-flanked meta and single-flanked para chlorines. A total of 58 dechlorination pathways were observed, and 20 of them were not in 8 processes, suggesting the broad spectrum of PCB dechlorination in the environment. Rare ortho dechlorination was confirmed to target the unflanked ortho chlorine, indicating a potential for complete dechlorination. PCBs drove the shifts of the microbial community structures, and putative dechlorinating bacteria were growth-linked to PCB dechlorination. The distinct jump of RDase genes ardA, rdh12, pcbA4, and pcbA5 was found to be consistent with the commencement of dechlorination. The maintained high level of putative dechlorinating phylum Chloroflexi (including Dehalococcoides and o-17/DF-1), genus Dehalococcoides, and four RDase genes at the end of incubation revealed the long-term dechlorination potential. This work provided insights into dechlorination potential for long-term remediation strategies at PCB-contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanqiang Tang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuexin Han
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dafang Fu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingdong Qin
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
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Cao S, Davis A, Kjellerup BV. Presence of bacteria capable of PCB biotransformation in stormwater bioretention cells. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 97:6492079. [PMID: 34978329 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Core samples from bioretention cell media as well as surface stormwater sediment samples from seven urban areas were collected to assess the potential for biotransformation activity of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The presence of putative organohalide-respiring bacteria in these samples was studied. Based on extracted DNA, Dehalobacter, Dehalogenimonas and Dehalococcoides were detected. Other organohalide-respiring bacteria like Desulfitobacterium and Sulfurospirillum were not studied. Bacteria containing the genes encoding for biphenyl 2,3-dioxygenase (bphA) or 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase (bphC) were detected in 29 of the 32 samples. These genes are key factors in PCB aerobic degradation. Transcribed bacterial genes from putative organohalide-respiring bacteria as well as genes encoding for bphA and bphC were obtained from the microbial community, thus showing the potential of organohalide respiration of PCBs and aerobic PCB degradation under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions in the surface samples collected at the bioretention site. Presence and concentrations of 209 PCB congeners in the bioretention media were also assessed. The total PCB concentration ranged from 38.4 ± 2.3 ng/g at the top layer of the inlet to 11.6 ± 1.2 ng/g at 20-30 cm at 3 m from the inlet. These results provide documentation that bacteria capable of PCB transformation, including both anaerobic dechlorination and aerobic degradation, were present and active in the bioretention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Cao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, 1147 Glenn L. Martin Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Allen Davis
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, 1147 Glenn L. Martin Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Birthe V Kjellerup
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, 1147 Glenn L. Martin Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Xu Y, Tang Y, Xu L, Wang Y, Liu Z, Qin Q. Effects of iron-carbon materials on microbial-catalyzed reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls in Taihu Lake sediment microcosms: Enhanced chlorine removal, detoxification and shifts of microbial community. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 792:148454. [PMID: 34465049 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nano zero-valent iron particles (nZVI, 0.09 wt%), micro zero-valent iron particles (mZVI, 0.09 wt%), granular activated carbon (GAC, 3.03 wt%), GAC supported nZVI (nZVI/GAC, 3.12 wt%) and nZVI&GAC (nZVI 0.09 wt%, GAC 3.03 wt%) were evaluated for their effects on polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) anaerobic reductive dechlorination, detoxification, as well as microbial community structure in Taihu Lake (China) sediment microcosms. The results showed that all of these five materials could stimulate PCBs reductive dechlorination, especially for dioxin-like PCB congeners, and nZVI&GAC had the best removal effect on PCBs. The reduction of total PCBs increased from 13.5% to 33.2%. H2 generated by zero-valent iron corrosion was utilized by organohalide-respiring bacteria (OHRB) to enhance the dechlorination of PCBs predominantly via meta chlorine removal in the short term. The addition of ZVI had little impact on the total bacterial abundance and the microbial community structure. The adsorption of GAC and potential bioremediation properties of attached biofilm could promote the long-term removal of PCBs. GAC, nZVI/GAC, nZVI&GAC had different influences on the microbial structure. These findings provide insights into the biostimulation technique for in situ remediations of PCBs contaminated sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
| | - Yanqiang Tang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Zheming Liu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Qingdong Qin
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
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Zhang C, Li F, Wen R, Zhang H, Elumalai P, Zheng Q, Chen H, Yang Y, Huang M, Ying G. Heterogeneous electro-Fenton using three-dimension NZVI-BC electrodes for degradation of neonicotinoid wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 182:115975. [PMID: 32622128 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids (NEOs), as the most widely used pesticides, pose a serious threat to water ecosystems, especially clothianidin (CLO). However, the degradation behavior of CLO, as a new type of persistent organic pollutant, is rarely studied in wastewater treatment. To bridge this gap, heterogeneous electro-Fenton system using three-dimension electrodes made of biochar-supported zero-valent iron nanoparticle hybrid material (NZVI-BC), abbreviated as 3D-ICE-EF system, is invented and initially applied in CLO wastewater degradation, without the addition of Fenton reagent. NZVI-BC in 3D-ICE-EF system can concentrate CLO on electrodes by excellent adsorption and effectively eliminate it to achieve self-cleaning effect. In addition, the deposition of iron mud (Fe(OH)3) and the circular utilization of Fe in Fenton system is effectively improved by the addition of hydroquinone (HQ) in 3D-ICE-EF system. The pH applicable scope of Fenton system is extended to alkaline condition by the applications of NZVI-BC electrodes. The increase in the acidity of electrolyte is considered the primary reason of the high degradation efficiency of CLO in 3D-ICE-EF system at an initial pH of 9.0. The degradation performance of 3D-ICE-EF system tends to be promoted by the increase of current intensity and air flow rate. Seven plausible mechanisms of CLO degradation were identified in 3D-ICE-EF system. The ecotoxicity evaluation of degradation products indicated that CLO degradation in 3D-ICE-EF system exhibits a remarkable tendency to reduce toxicity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering & Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Civil Engineering & Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China.
| | - Rubing Wen
- School of Civil Engineering & Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Huike Zhang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Punniyakotti Elumalai
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Qi Zheng
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- School of Civil Engineering & Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Yujie Yang
- School of Civil Engineering & Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Mingzhi Huang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Guangguo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
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Albarano L, Costantini M, Zupo V, Lofrano G, Guida M, Libralato G. Marine sediment toxicity: A focus on micro- and mesocosms towards remediation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 708:134837. [PMID: 31791766 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Micro- and/or mesocosms are experimental tools bringing ecologically relevant components of the natural environment under controlled conditions closest to the real world, without losing the advantage of reliable reference conditions and replications, providing a link between laboratory studies and filed studies in natural environments. Here, for the first time, a formal comparison of different types of mesocosm applied to the study of marine contaminants is offered, considering that pollution of coastal areas represented a major concern in the last decades because of the abundance of discharged toxic substances. In particular, the structural characteristics of micro- and mesocosms (m-cosms) used to study marine contaminated sediments were reviewed, focusing on their advantages/disadvantages. Their potentiality to investigate sediment remediation have been discussed, offering new perspective on how the use of m-cosms can be useful for the development of practical application in the development of solutions for contaminated sediment management in the contaminated marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Albarano
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Costantini
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Valerio Zupo
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giusy Lofrano
- Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Libralato
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126, Napoli, Italy
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9
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Xu Y, Gregory KB, VanBriesen JM. Reduction in sulfate inhibition of microbial dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls in Hudson and Grasse River sediments through fatty acid supplementation. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 233:81-91. [PMID: 31170587 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microbial dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in aquatic sediments may reduce the need for dredging for remediation. To better understand this biotransformation route under different geochemical conditions, the influence of sulfate on dechlorination in sediments from the Hudson River and the Grasse River spiked with two PCB mixtures (PCB 5/12, 64/71, 105/114 and 149/153/170 in Mixture 1 and PCB 5/12, 64/71, 82/97/99, 144/170 in Mixture 2) was investigated. The results showed that PCB dechlorination was partially inhibited in the sulfate-amended sediment microcosms. The rate, extent and preference of dechlorination were mainly controlled by the indigenous differences (sulfate, carbon content etc.) in sediment, but also affected by the PCB mixture composition. An increase of Dehalococcoides 16S rRNA genes coincided with the resumption of dechlorination. Dechlorination preferences were identified using a modified dechlorination pathway analysis approach. The low carbon content and high background sulfate Hudson sediment exhibited more para dechlorination targeting flanked para chlorines. The high carbon content and low background sulfate Grasse sediment preferentially removed more para-flanked meta chlorines than flanked para chlorines. The supplementation of fatty acids (acetate or a mixture of acetate, propionate and butyrate) dramatically increased PCB dechlorination in the Grasse sediment by resuming ortho-flanked meta dechlorination. Rare ortho removals were found in the Grasse sediment after adding fatty acids. This study suggests that supplementary fatty acids might be used to stimulate PCB dechlorination under sulfate reducing conditions, but the effectiveness largely depends on sediment geochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, 15213-3890, PA, United States.
| | - Kelvin B Gregory
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, 15213-3890, PA, United States.
| | - Jeanne M VanBriesen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, 15213-3890, PA, United States.
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10
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Kaya D, Sowers KR, Demirtepe H, Stiell B, Baker JE, Imamoglu I, Kjellerup BV. Assessment of PCB contamination, the potential for in situ microbial dechlorination and natural attenuation in an urban watershed at the East Coast of the United States. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 683:154-165. [PMID: 31129325 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sediment contamination is a major environmental issue in many urban watersheds and coastal areas due to the potential toxic effects of contaminants on biota and human health. Characterizing and delineating areas of sediment contamination and toxicity are important goals of coastal resource management in terms of ecological and economical perspectives. Core and surficial sediment samples were collected from an industrialized urban watershed at the East Coast of the United Stated and analyzed to evaluate the PCB contamination profile and toxicity resulting from dioxin-like PCBs as well as reductive dechlorination potential of indigenous PCB halorespiring bacteria through dechlorination activity assays. To support the experimental results an anaerobic dechlorination model was applied to identify microbial dechlorination pathways. The total PCB concentration in core samples ranged from 3.9 to 225.6 ng/g·dry weight (dw) decreasing with depth compared to 353.2 to 1213.7 ng/g·dw in surficial samples. The results of this study indicated an increase in PCB contamination over the last century as the industrial activity intensified. The toxicity resulting from dioxin-like PCBs was reduced up to 94% in core samples via 21 pathways resulting from the dechlorination model. Dechlorination rates in surficial sediment were between 1.8 and 13.2 · 10-3 mol% PCB116/day, while lower rates occurred in the core sediment samples. Dechlorination was achieved mainly through meta followed by para dechlorination. However, the rarer ortho dechlorination was also observed. Detection of indigenous PCB dechlorinating bacteria in the sediments and reduction of toxicity indicated potential for natural attenuation when point and nonpoint source PCBs in the urban watershed are controlled and PCB loading reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devrim Kaya
- University of Maryland College Park, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1146 Glenn L. Martin Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Kevin R Sowers
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Institute of Marine & Environmental Technology, 701 E. Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Hale Demirtepe
- Middle East Technical University, Department of Environmental Engineering, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Joel E Baker
- University of Washington Tacoma, The Center for Urban Waters, 1900 Commerce Street, Tacoma, WA 98402-3100, USA
| | - Ipek Imamoglu
- Middle East Technical University, Department of Environmental Engineering, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Birthe V Kjellerup
- University of Maryland College Park, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1146 Glenn L. Martin Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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Needham TP, Payne RB, Sowers KR, Ghosh U. Kinetics of PCB Microbial Dechlorination Explained by Freely Dissolved Concentration in Sediment Microcosms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:7432-7441. [PMID: 31132852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
While microbial dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been observed in sediments over the last 3 decades, translation to the field has been difficult due to a lack of a clear understanding of the kinetic limitations. To address this issue, the present study used passive dosing/sampling to accurately measure the biological rate of dechlorination of 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB 61) to 2,3,5-trichlorobiphenyl (PCB 23) by an organohalide-respiring bacterium, Dehalobium chlorocoercia (DF-1). The biological rates were measured over an environmentally relevant concentration range of 1-50 ng/L of freely dissolved concentrations with and without the presence of sediment in bench-scale microcosm studies. The rate of dechlorination was found to be linearly dependent on the freely dissolved concentration of PCB 61 both in sediment and in sediment-free microcosms. The observed rate of dechlorination in sediment microcosms could be predicted within a factor of 2 based on the kinetics measured in sediment-free microcosms. A threshold for dechlorination was not observed down to an aqueous concentration of about 1 ng/L PCB 61. We demonstrate that with the combination of an accurate measurement of the aqueous-phase dechlorination kinetics and an understanding of the site-specific partitioning characteristics, it is possible to predict PCB microbial dechlorination in sediments.
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Liu L, Meng Y, Liang J, Xia D, Sun Y. Low-temperature decomposition of Aroclor 1254 over AC-supported Ni-Fe bimetallic catalysts: Kinetic and thermodynamic study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 666:591-597. [PMID: 30807949 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) cause serious impacts on the environment and organisms, due to their hypertoxicity, thermal stability and persistence. This study investigated the effects of temperature, reaction time and total flow rate on the low-temperature catalytic decomposition of Aroclor 1254. A modified iron-exchange method was adopted because it allows higher metal loading rates than the traditional impregnation method. We used this method to prepare three active carbon supported Fe/Ni bimetallic catalysts with different Fe/Ni molar ratios. The results indicated that the Fe/Ni bimetallic catalysts showed great potential in Aroclor 1254 decomposition. Among Fe/Ni molar ratios, Fe/Ni-1/3-C demonstrated the strongest performance with a decomposition efficiency greater than 90% even at the relatively low temperature of 200 °C. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed that the dechlorination of Aroclor 1254 over Fe/Ni-1/3-C obtained the minimum activation energy of 8.0 kJ/mol. Aroclor 1254 was decomposed rapidly over Fe/Ni-1/3-C, with a total decomposition efficiency of 83.4% at 10 min and 93.8% at 30 min. The kinetics analysis indicated a stepwise dechlorination of Aroclor 1254 over Fe/Ni-1/3-C. In addition, the total flow rate indicated a negative effect on the decomposition of Aroclor 1254 due to the decreased retention time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Energy and Environment International Centre, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuan Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jie Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dan Xia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yifei Sun
- Energy and Environment International Centre, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Determination of Aroclor 1254 in Water Samples Using Polystyrene–Divinylbenzene Solid-Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-018-0063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Xu Y, Gregory KB, VanBriesen JM. Effects of Ferric Oxyhydroxide on Anaerobic Microbial Dechlorination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Hudson and Grasse River Sediment Microcosms: Dechlorination Extent, Preferences, Ortho Removal, and Its Enhancement. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1574. [PMID: 30079053 PMCID: PMC6062599 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been observed in many PCB-impacted sediments. However, this biodegradation is relatively site-specific and can be affected by PCB compositions and sediment geochemical conditions. To better understand the influence of a common competing electron acceptor, ferric oxyhydroxide (FeOOH), on dechlorination, two sediments (Hudson River and Grasse River sediments), and two PCB mixtures (PCB 5/12, 64/71, 105/114, and 149/153/170 in Mixture 1 and PCB 5/12, 64/71, 82/97/99, 144/170 in Mixture 2) were used for this microcosm study. The addition of 40 mmole/kg FeOOH completely inhibited PCB dechlorination in the Hudson sediment, but only moderately inhibited PCB dechlorination in the Grasse sediment with a 3-week longer lag time. The inhibitory effect in the Grasse sediment was mainly due to the loss of unflanked para dechlorination activity. Fe(II) analysis showed that dechlorination started prior to the consumption of Fe(III), which indicates PCB reduction and Fe(III) reduction were able to take place concurrently. Dehalococcoides 16S rRNA genes increased with the commencement of dechlorination in the Grasse sediment, but not in the completely inhibited Hudson sediment. Rare ortho dechlorination pathways were identified in FeOOH-amended Grasse sediment microcosms, dominated by transformations of PCB 25(24-3-CB) to PCB 13(3-4-CB) and PCB 28(24-4-CB) to PCB 15(4-4-CB). The addition of carbon sources (acetate or a fatty acid mixture with acetate, propionate, and butyrate) after 27 weeks of incubation reinitiated dechlorination in FeOOH-amended Hudson sediment microcosms. Also, the addition of carbon sources greatly enhanced ortho dechlorination in FeOOH-amended Grasse microcosms, indicating the utilization of acetate and/or the fatty acid mixture for ortho dechlorination-related microorganisms. A dechlorination pathway analysis approach revealed that para-flanked meta dechlorination was primarily preferred followed by ortho-/double-flanked meta dechlorination and single-/double-flanked para dechlorination in the Grasse sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kelvin B. Gregory
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jeanne M. VanBriesen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Kaya D, Imamoglu I, Sanin FD, Sowers KR. A comparative evaluation of anaerobic dechlorination of PCB-118 and Aroclor 1254 in sediment microcosms from three PCB-impacted environments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 341:328-335. [PMID: 28800567 PMCID: PMC5593791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aroclor 1254 (A1254) is the most toxic commercial PCB mixture produced, primarily due to its relatively high concentrations of dioxin-like congeners. This study demonstrates a comparative evaluation of dechlorination of A1254 and PCB-118 by indigenous organohalide respiring bacteria enriched from three PCB impacted sites: Grasse River (GR), NY; Fox River (FR), WI; and Baltimore Harbor (BH), MD. PCB-118 dechlorination rates in GR, BH, and FR was 0.0308, 0.015, and 0.0006 Cl-/biphenyl/day, respectively. A1254 dechlorination rates in GR, FR, and BH were 0.0153, 0.0144, and 0.0048 Cl-/biphenyl/day, respectively. A1254 dechlorination was achieved through the removal of doubly-/singly-flanked chlorines in meta and para positions of mostly penta- followed by hexa- and hepta-chlorinated congeners by 88%, 69%, and 51% in GR, and 88%, 87%, and 83% in FR, respectively, while in BH mostly hepta- (70%) followed by hexa-chlorinated congeners (66%) were dechlorinated. A previously developed Anaerobic Dechlorination Model (ADM) quantified a total of 17 toxicity-related dechlorination pathways in all three sediment microcosms. The toxic equivalency of A1254 based on seven dioxin-like congeners decreased by about 53%, 45% and 21%, in GR, FR and BH microcosms, respectively. The dechlorination products were generally tetra- and tri-chlorinated congeners with unflanked chlorines, all of which is susceptible to further degradation by aerobic bacteria. Concerning the toxic congeners, ADM can be useful to initiate further research focusing on the stimulation of the toxicity reducing pathways for risk assessment and effective remediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devrim Kaya
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Ipek Imamoglu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - F Dilek Sanin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kevin R Sowers
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Payne RB, Ghosh U, May HD, Marshall CW, Sowers KR. Mesocosm Studies on the Efficacy of Bioamended Activated Carbon for Treating PCB-Impacted Sediment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:10691-10699. [PMID: 28809549 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This report describes results of a bench-scale treatability study to evaluate the efficacy of bioaugmentation with bioamended activated carbon (AC) for in situ treatment of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) impacted sediments. To this end, the ability of PCB transforming microorganisms to degrade and reduce the overall concentration of PCBs in sediment was determined in 2 L recirculating mesocosms designed to simulate conditions in Abraham's Creek in Quantico, Virginia. Ten sediment mesocosms were tested for the effects of AC alone, AC with slow release electron donor (cellulose) and different concentrations and combinations of PCB dehalogenating and degrading microorganisms added as bioamendments. A 78% reduction of total PCBs was observed using a cell titer of 5 × 105 Dehalobium chlorocoercia and Paraburkholderia xenovorans cells g-1 sediment with 1.5% AC as a delivery system. Levels of both higher and lower chlorinated congeners were reduced throughout the sediment column indicating that both anaerobic reductive dechlorination and aerobic degradation occurred concurrently. Porewater concentrations of all PCB homologues were reduced 94-97% for bioaugmented treatments. Toxicity associated with coplanar PCBs was reduced by 90% after treatment based on toxic equivalency of dioxin-like congeners. These results suggest that an in situ treatment employing the simultaneous application of anaerobic and aerobic microorganisms on AC could be an effective, environmentally sustainable strategy to reduce PCB levels in contaminated sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayford B Payne
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County , Baltimore, Maryland 21202, United States
| | - Upal Ghosh
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County , Baltimore, Maryland 21202, United States
| | - Harold D May
- Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Science Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States
| | - Christopher W Marshall
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Kevin R Sowers
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County , Baltimore, Maryland 21202, United States
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Nuzzo A, Negroni A, Zanaroli G, Fava F. Identification of two organohalide-respiring Dehalococcoidia associated to different dechlorination activities in PCB-impacted marine sediments. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:127. [PMID: 28738864 PMCID: PMC5525228 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0743-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Microbial reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) plays a major role in detoxifying anoxic contaminated freshwater and marine sediments from PCBs. Known members of the phylum Chloroflexi are typically responsible for this activity in freshwater sediments, whereas less is known about the microorganisms responsible for this activity in marine sediments. PCB-respiring activities were detected in PCB-impacted marine sediments of the Venice Lagoon. The aim of this work was to identify the indigenous organohalide-respiring microorganisms in such environments and assess their dechlorination specificity against spiked Aroclor™ 1254 PCBs under laboratory conditions resembling the in situ biogeochemistry. Results High PCB dechlorination activities (from 150 ± 7 to 380 ± 44 μmol of chlorine removed kg−1 week−1) were detected in three out of six sediments sampled from different locations of the lagoon. An uncultured non-Dehalococcoides phylotype of the class Dehalococcoidia closely related to Dehalobium chlorocoercia DF-1, namely phylotype VLD-1, was detected and enriched up to 109 16S rRNA gene copies per gram of sediment where dechlorination activities were higher and 25-4/24-4 and 25-2/24-2/4-4 chlorobiphenyls (CB) accumulated as the main tri-/dichlorinated products. Conversely, a different phylotype closely related to the SF1/m-1 clade, namely VLD-2, also enriched highly where lower dechlorination activity and the accumulation of 25-3 CB as main tri-chlorinated product occurred, albeit in the simultaneous presence of VLD-1. Both phylotypes showed growth yields higher or comparable to known organohalide respirers and neither phylotypes enriched in sediment cultures not exhibiting dechlorination. Conclusions These findings confirm the presence of different PCB-respiring microorganisms in the indigenous microbial communities of Venice Lagoon sediments and relate two non-Dehalococcoides phylotypes of the class Dehalococcoidia to different PCB dechlorination rates and specificities. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-017-0743-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nuzzo
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Negroni
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulio Zanaroli
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Fabio Fava
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131, Bologna, Italy
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