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Lin W, Yuan Y, Xu L, Wang W. Recent Progress in Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Flame Retardance and Fire-Warning Applications. Molecules 2024; 29:1858. [PMID: 38675677 PMCID: PMC11055176 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Graphene-like 2D nanomaterials, such as graphene, MXene, molybdenum disulfide, and boron nitride, present a promising avenue for eco-friendly flame retardants. Their inherent characteristics, including metal-like conductivity, high specific surface area, electron transport capacity, and solution processability, make them highly suitable for applications in both structural fire protection and fire alarm systems. This review offers an up-to-date exploration of advancements in flame retardant composites, utilizing pristine graphene-like nanosheets, versatile graphene-like nanosheets with multiple functions, and collaborative systems based on these nanomaterials. Moreover, graphene-like 2D nanomaterials exhibit considerable potential in the development of early fire alarm systems, enabling timely warnings. This review provides an overview of flame-retarding and fire-warning mechanisms, diverse multifunctional nanocomposites, and the evolving trends in the development of fire alarm systems anchored in graphene-like 2D nanomaterials and their derivatives. Ultimately, the existing challenges and prospective directions for the utilization of graphene-like 2D nanomaterials in flame retardant and fire-warning applications are put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China;
| | - Yao Yuan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China;
| | - Lulu Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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2
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Xu Z, Lisha X, Yi L, Yunjun M, Luocheng C, Anqi Z, Kuibo Y, Xiaolu X, Shaozhen L, Xuecheng S, Yifu Z. Highly stable and antifungal properties on the oilseed rape of Cu 3(MoO 4) 2(OH) 2 nanoflakes prepared by simple aqueous precipitation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5235. [PMID: 38433219 PMCID: PMC10909880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53612-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, nanoparticles have been a prominent topic in various fields, particularly in agriculture, due to their unique physicochemical properties. Herein, molybdenum copper lindgrenite Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 (CM) nanoflakes (NFs) are synthesized by a one-step reaction involving α-MoO3 and CuCO3⋅Cu(OH)2⋅xH2O solution at low temperature for large scale industrial production and developed as an effective antifungal agent for the oilseed rape. This synthetic method demonstrates great potential for industrial applications. Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results reveal that CM samples exhibit a pure monoclinic structure. TG and DSC results show the thermal stable properties. It can undergo a phase transition form copper molybdate (Cu3Mo2O9) at about 300 °C. Then Cu3Mo2O9 nanoparticles decompose into at CuO and MoO3 at 791 °C. The morphology of CM powder is mainly composed of uniformly distributed parallelogram-shaped nanoflakes with an average thickness of about 30 nm. Moreover, the binding energy of CM NFs is measured to be 2.8 eV. To assess the antifungal properties of these materials, both laboratory and outdoor experiments are conducted. In the pour plate test, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CM NFs against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (S. sclerotiorum) is determined to be 100 ppm, and the zone of inhibiting S. sclerotiorum is 14 mm. When the concentration is above 100 nm, the change rate of the hyphae circle slows down a little and begins to decrease until to 200 ppm. According to the aforementioned findings, the antifungal effects of a nano CM NFs solution are assessed at different concentrations (0 ppm (clear water), 40 ppm, and 80 ppm) on the growth of oilseed rape in an outdoor setting. The results indicate that the application of CM NFs led to significant inhibition of S. sclerotiorum. Specifically, when the nano CM solution was sprayed once at the initial flowering stage at a concentration of 80 ppm, S. sclerotiorum growth was inhibited by approximately 34%. Similarly, when the solution was sprayed once at the initial flowering stage and once at the rape pod stage, using a concentration of 40 ppm, a similar level of inhibition was achieved. These outcomes show that CM NFs possess the ability to bind with more metal ions due to their larger specific surface area. Additionally, their semiconductor physical properties enable the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, CM NFs hold great potential for widespread application in antifungal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Xu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, Hubei, China
| | - Xu Lisha
- School of Physics, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Liu Yi
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, Hubei, China
| | - Mei Yunjun
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, Hubei, China
| | - Chen Luocheng
- Hubei Sino-Australian Nano Material Technology Co., Ltd., Guangshui, 432700, China
| | - Zheng Anqi
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Kuibo
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Xiaolu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Li Shaozhen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, Hubei, China.
| | - Sun Xuecheng
- Micro-Elements Research Center, College of Resource and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhang Yifu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
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Bi QQ, Zhang L, Li Z, Tang E, Hu B, Tian S, Zeng Q, Hobson J, Wang DY. Tailored Catalysis Inducing Exceptionally Fire-Safe and Mechanically Reinforced Epoxy at An Ultralow Loading. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:59838-59853. [PMID: 38105599 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
An unconventional P/N/Si-free fire safety of epoxy at an ultralow loading with a significantly improved mechanical robustness and toughness via a mere nanocomposite technique is a great challenge. To achieve the goal, a proof of concept is proposed associated with a hierarchical manipulation of catalysis-tailored FexSy ultrathin nanosheets on organic-layered double hydroxide (LDH-DBS@FexSy) toward the formation of porous piling structure via a self-sacrificing conversion of metal-organic framework. A sufficient characterization certified the targeted architecture and composition. A P/N/Si-free ultralow loading of 2 wt % LDH-DBS@FexSy (i.e., 0.6 wt % FexSy) imparted epoxy with UL-94 V-0 rating, a 36.1% reduction of peak heat release rate, as well as a pronounced fire-protection feature. A systematic contrastive investigation evidenced a time-dependent fire-shielding effect induced by a featured catalysis-tailored ultrafast charring behavior at the interface of epoxy and LDH nanosheets. Intriguingly, the tensile strength, impact strength, and flexural strength were simultaneously enhanced by 62.2, 185.4, and 62.9%, respectively, with a 0.6 wt % incorporation of FexSy hierarchy on the basis of a "root-soil"-inspired interfacial "interlocking" structure. In perspective, an integrated manipulation of an interface catalysis-tailored ultrafast charring and hierarchical "interlocking" construction offer an effective balance of the fire safety, mechanical robustness, and toughness of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Bi
- College of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
- China-Spain Collaborative Research Center for Advanced Materials (CSCRC), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- China-Spain Collaborative Research Center for Advanced Materials (CSCRC), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Zhi Li
- China-Spain Collaborative Research Center for Advanced Materials (CSCRC), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - En Tang
- China-Spain Collaborative Research Center for Advanced Materials (CSCRC), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Bingbing Hu
- China-Spain Collaborative Research Center for Advanced Materials (CSCRC), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Song Tian
- China-Spain Collaborative Research Center for Advanced Materials (CSCRC), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Qingwen Zeng
- Chongqing Polycomp International Corporation, Chongqing 400082, China
| | - Jose Hobson
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel 2, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain
| | - De-Yi Wang
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel 2, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Ctra. Pozuelo-Majadahonda Km 1800, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Liu C, Tao J, Wu T, Zhao HB, Yu C, Rao W. Construction of hierarchical SiO 2 microcapsule towards flame retardation, low toxicity and mechanical enhancement of epoxy resins. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 342:140184. [PMID: 37716559 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach for improving the flame retardancy, smoke suppression and mechanical properties of epoxy resins (EPs) has been proposed by incorporating functionalized hollow mesoporous silica microcapsules (SHP) loaded with phosphorous silane flame retardants (SCA) and coated with polydopamine (PDA) and transition metals. The proposed approach involves a multi-level structure that combines several mechanisms to enhance the flame-retardant properties of EP. The physical barrier provided by silica serves to impede heat and mass transfer during combustion, while the catalytic carbonization effect of phosphorus and transition metals promotes the formation of a protective char layer, which acts as a barrier to further flame propagation. Incorporating a low loading amount of 3 wt% SHP into the epoxy matrix resulted in EP/SHP-3 composites with significantly improved flame retardancy, as evidenced by a limiting oxygen index of 31.5% and a V-1 rating, in contrast to the values obtained for unmodified EP, which were 23.8% and no rating, respectively. In addition, cone calorimeter test (CCT) results indicated that the total heat release, peak heat release rate and total smoke production of EP/SHP-3 decreased by 18.2%, 25.2% and 18.4%, respectively. Moreover, the improved interfacial compatibility facilitated by polydopamine assists in the dispersion and compatibility of the SHP with the epoxy matrix, leading to better mechanical properties. Herein, the addition of 1 wt% SHP to EP significantly improved its mechanical performance, with a 16.7% increase in tensile strength and a 19.2% increase in impact strength. The design of the multi-level structural approach has the potential to provide new ideas for the simultaneous improvement of fire safety as well as mechanical properties of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology (GUT), Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Jie Tao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology (GUT), Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Tao Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology (GUT), Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhao
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Chuanbai Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology (GUT), Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Wenhui Rao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology (GUT), Guilin, 541004, China.
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5
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A crosslinked organic/inorganic functionalized graphene containing hybrid engineering to improve the flame retardancy of epoxy resin. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-023-03500-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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6
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Wang L, Tian XY, Liu ZH, He QY, Li JS, Liu SC, Jian J, Xu S. Fabrication of highly hydrophobic layered double hydroxide decorated with tannic acid cross-linked phosphazene as a novel flame retardant for polypropylene. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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7
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Sisal-Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene Flame-Retardant Composites: Preparation and Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15040893. [PMID: 36850176 PMCID: PMC9964811 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural-fiber-reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites with a series of advantages including light weight, chemical durability, renewable resources, low in cost, etc., are being widely used in many fields such as the automotive industry, packaging, and construction. However, the flammability of plant fiber and the PP matrix restricts the application range, security, and use of these composites. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the flame retardants of such composites. In this paper, sisal-fiber-reinforced polypropylene (PP/SF) flame-retardant composites were prepared using the two-step melt blending method. The flame retardant used was an intumescent flame retardant (IFR) composed of silane-coated ammonium polyphosphate (Si-APP) and pentaerythritol (PER). The influence of different blending processes on the flammability and mechanical properties of the composites was analyzed. The findings suggested that PP/SF flame-retardant composites prepared via different blending processes showed different flame-retardant properties. The (PP/SF)/IFR composite prepared by PP/SF secondary blending with IFR showed excellent flame-retardant performance, with a limited oxygen index of about 28.3% and passing the UL-94 V-0 rating (3.2 mm) in the vertical combustion test. Compared with the (PP/IFR) /SF composite prepared by a matrix primarily blended with IFR and then secondly blended with SF, the peak heat release rate (pk HRR) and total heat release (THR) of the (PP/SF)/IFR composite decreased by 11.3% and 13.7%, respectively. In contrast, the tensile strength of the (PP/SF)/IFR system was 5.3% lower than that of the (PP/IFR)/SF system; however, the overall mechanical (tensile, flexural, and notched impact) properties of the composites prepared using three different mixing processes were similar.
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8
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Wang B, Wang X, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Yang G, Zhang D, Guo H. Phytic acid-Fe chelate cold-pressed self-forming high-strength polyurethane/marigold straw composite with flame retardance and smoke suppression. Polym Degrad Stab 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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9
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Yan WJ, Xu S, Tian XY, Min JJ, Liu SC, Ding CJ, Wang NL, Hu Y, Fan QX, Li JS, Zeng HY. Novel bio-based lignosulfonate and Ni(OH)2 nanosheets dual modified layered double hydroxide as an eco-friendly flame retardant for polypropylene. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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10
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An W, Ma J, Xu Q, Zhang H, Wei L, Kim KH, Xu Y. 3-D Flower-like Templated LDH-rGO as Coating Additive for Flame Retardant Products. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 631:89-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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11
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Zou S, Dang L, Li P, Zhu J, Lan S, Zhu D. Organic-Inorganic Modification of Magnesium Borate Rod by Layered Double Hydroxide and 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane and Its Effect on the Properties of Epoxy Resin. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173661. [PMID: 36080736 PMCID: PMC9459924 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To alleviate the safety hazards associated with the use of epoxy resin (EP), a multifunctional filler was designed. This study firstly combines the superior mechanical properties of magnesium borate rods (MBR) with the excellent smoke suppression and flame-retardant characteristics of layered double hydroxide (LDH). H2PO4- intercalated LDH (LDHP) was coated on the MBR surface to obtain inorganic composite particles MBR@LDHP. Subsequently, MBR@LDHP was modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APES) to obtain organic-inorganic composite particles MBR@LDHP-APES. Eventually, the hybrid particles were added to EP to prepare the composite materials. Thereafter, the morphology, composition, and structure of MBR@LDHP-APES were characterized utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicated the successful preparation of MBR@LDHP-APES, after which we investigated the effects of MBR@LDHP-APES on the smoke suppression, flame retardancy, and mechanical characteristics of EP. As observed, the EP composites containing 7.5 wt% MBR@LDHP-APES exhibited superior smoke suppression and flame retardancy abilities. The limiting oxygen index reached 33.5%, which is 36.73% greater than pure EP, and the lowest values of total heat and smoke release were observed for the composite materials. In addition, the mechanical properties test revealed that MBR@LDHP-APES considerably enhanced the tensile strength as well as the flexural strength of the composites. Furthermore, mechanistic studies suggested that the barrier effect of MBR, endothermic decomposition of LDHP, and the synergistic effect of LDHP and APES contributed essentially to the smoke suppression and flame-retardant properties of the material. The findings of this research point to a potential method for enhancing the EP's ability to suppress smoke and flames while enhancing its mechanical properties.
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Interfacial architecting of organic–inorganic hybrid toward mechanically reinforced, fire-resistant and smoke-suppressed polyurethane composites. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 621:385-397. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Vu CM, Thi HV. Enhanced mechanical properties and flame retardant of epoxy resin by using of GOPOS decorated MWCNTs. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03736-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Chen X, Wang B, Hao Z, Tan G, Selim MS, Yu J, Huang Y. Synergistic Effect of Multifunctional Layered Double Hydroxide-Based Hybrids and Modified Phosphagen with an Active Amino Group for Enhancing the Smoke Suppression and Flame Retardancy of Epoxy. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:21714-21726. [PMID: 35785288 PMCID: PMC9245116 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To improve the fire hazard of epoxy resin (EP), phosphomolybdate (PMoA), as a classical Keggin cluster, was successfully intercalated into Mg, Al, and Zn layered double hydrotalcite (LDH) by the reconstruction method, and it was denoted as MgAlZn-LDH-PMoA. The structure and morphology of MgAlZn-LDH-PMoA were characterized by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Subsequently, hexa(4-aminophenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene (HACP) was prepared and characterized as a high-performance organic flame retardant, which is rich in flame elements phosphorus and nitrogen. The synergistic effects of MgAlZn-LDH-PMoA and HACP on the fire safety of EP composites loaded with different amounts of flame retardant hybrids were studied in detail. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the char residue of these EP composites increased significantly. Compared with the EP matrix filled with only MgAlZn-LDH-PMoA or HACP, the incorporation of MgAlZn-LDH-PMoA and HACP had a synergistic effect on promoting char formation of EP composites. Particularly, the char yield of EP7 is as high as 29.0%. Furthermore, the synergistic effects of incorporation of MgAlZn-LDH-PMoA with HACP were investigated using the cone calorimeter combustion tests. The results showed that the total heat release and peak heat release rate of the EP composites remarkably declined by 35.2 and 50.9%, respectively, with a loading of 7 wt % hybrid flame retardant. Moreover, the hybrid flame retardants also showed an obvious inhibitory effect on the total smoke production and the release of toxic CO gas. The detailed analysis of the residual char indicated that the main mechanism for improving the flame retardancy and smoke suppression performance is due to both the catalytic carbonization of MgAlZn-LDH-PMoA and phosphoric acid compounds and physical barrier function of the char layer. In addition, the molybdenum oxides produced from [PMo12O40]3- during combustion can not only increase the yield and compactness of the char layer but also reduce the release of CO through a redox reaction, which has important application value to reduce the fire hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Clean Chemistry Technology of Guangdong Regular Higher
Education Institutions, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Bingyi Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Clean Chemistry Technology of Guangdong Regular Higher
Education Institutions, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhifeng Hao
- Key
Laboratory of Clean Chemistry Technology of Guangdong Regular Higher
Education Institutions, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Guizhen Tan
- Key
Laboratory of Clean Chemistry Technology of Guangdong Regular Higher
Education Institutions, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Mohamed S. Selim
- Key
Laboratory of Clean Chemistry Technology of Guangdong Regular Higher
Education Institutions, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Petroleum
Application Department, Egyptian Petroleum
Research Institute, Nasr City, 11727 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jian Yu
- Key
Laboratory of Clean Chemistry Technology of Guangdong Regular Higher
Education Institutions, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yingmin Huang
- Guangzhou
Panyu Cable Group Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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15
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Zhou Y, Chu F, Ding L, Yang W, Zhang S, Xu Z, Qiu S, Hu W. MOF-derived 3D petal-like CoNi-LDH array cooperates with MXene to effectively inhibit fire and toxic smoke hazards of FPUF. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 297:134134. [PMID: 35276116 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The toxic smoke produced by the combustion of flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) may not only caused casualties, but also polluted the environment. Here, double metal hydroxide derived from ZIF-67 (MOF-LDH) modified Ti3C2TX (Ti3C2TX@MOF-LDH) was innovatively designed to solve the serious smoke and fire hazards of FPUF. The FPUF nanocomposite containing 6 wt% Ti3C2Tx@MOF-LDH achieved a 16.1% reduction in total smoke production (TSP) along with 22.2% reduction in peak smoke production rate (PSPR), which greatly reduced the hazard of smoke. At the same time, toxic gases, such as carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and aromatic compounds, showed the same reduction pattern. In addition, the heat release of FPUF nanomaterials was also suppressed. In particular, the FPUF/Ti3C2Tx@MOF-LDH 3.0 achieved 110.4% and 76.1% increase in compressive strength and tensile strength, respectively, confirming the effective mechanical enhancement. Therefore, this work provided a new reference for the preparation of high-performance FPUF nanocomposites with low smoke, low fire hazard and excellent mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Fukai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Longlong Ding
- Zhuhai Gree New Material Co., Ltd., 789 Jinji Road, Xiangzhou District, Zhuhai City, China
| | - Wenhao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Shenghe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Zhoumei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Suilai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China.
| | - Weizhao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China.
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16
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Synthesis of sugar gourd-like metal organic framework-derived hollow nanocages nickel molybdate@cobalt-nickel layered double hydroxide for flame retardant polyurea. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 616:234-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.01.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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17
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Wang H, He Z, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Li X, Wang D, Su F, Yao D, Zheng Y. Phosphorus/nitrogen compound and zinc hydroxystannate‐modified graphene oxide for efficient flame retardancy and smoke suppression of epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongni Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongjie He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an People's Republic of China
| | - Yudeng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an People's Republic of China
| | - Dechao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an People's Republic of China
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18
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Zhang W, Huang J, Guo X, Zhang W, Qian L, Qin Z. Double organic groups‐containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane filled epoxy with enhanced fire safety. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Xiaoyan Guo
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Lijun Qian
- Engineering Laboratory of Non‐halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Zhaolu Qin
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
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19
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Kim MH, Noh HJ, Baek JB, Jeon IY. Neohexene graphitic nanoplatelets for reinforced low-density polyethylene. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-02980-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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20
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Hou Z, Li C, Wang H, Li B, Cai H. The P/Si synergistic effect enduing epoxy resin with improved flame retardancy and outstanding mechanical properties. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083221080661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The bisphenol F epoxy resin (DGEBF) reacted with 10-(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)-10H-9-oxa-10-phospha-phenantbrene-10-oxide (ODOPB) and phenyltrimethoxysilane (PTMS) to obtain a novel epoxy resin containing both phosphorus and silicon (EP-P/Si). EP-P/Si exhibited evidently improved flame retardancy, with a limited oxygen index value of 33.4% and UL-94 V-1 rating acquired. In cone calorimeter test, its peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), average effective heat of combustion (av-EHC), and total smoke production (TSP) were reduced by 36.0%, 19.5%,11.5%, and 7.2% compared with neat epoxy resin (EP), respectively, indicating that the P/Si synergistic effect not only improved the flame retardancy but also inhibited the smoke release. The flame retardancy mechanism was studied by analysis of char residue and pyrolysis behavior in gas phase. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results exhibited that EP-P/Si formed a dense and compact carbon layer acting as a barrier to inhibit further combustion. And the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicated that it had good thermal stability. In addition, the pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) results suggested that the phosphorus-containing radicals (·PO2) that had quenching effect existed in the gas phase. While the flame retardancy got improved, EP-P/Si also exhibited excellent mechanical properties, with an improvement of 31.8%, 6.2%, and 369.7% in tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength compared with EP, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuan Li
- Shanghai Composites Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Huihuan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bolun Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haopeng Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Advanced Materials Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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21
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Construction of hetero-structured nanohybrid relying on reactive phosphazene towards flame retardation and mechanical enhancement of epoxy resins. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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22
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Yang G, Zhang Q. In-situ Polymerization and Flame Retardant Mechanism of Bio-based Nitrogen and Phosphorus Macromolecular Flame Retardant in Plywood. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200018. [PMID: 35212435 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
To improve the flame retardant performance of the plywood and reduce the reagent loss and moisture absorption of the flame retardant, the bio-based supramolecular flame retardant has been prepared by vacuum-pressure impregnation and high-temperature in-situ polymerization in plywood. The best value of bonding strength appears at 170 ℃, and the LOI of 170BF-B plywood is 42.3%. After hot pressing, the moisture absorption rate of 170BF-B veneer is only 18.51%, while the loss resistance rate achieves 83.45%. Its residue at 700 ℃ is 91.36% higher than that of poplar veneer. In the combustion process, the PHRR and HRR of 170BF-B plywood are only 10.69% and 37.11% of that of untreated plywood. After combustion, an intumescent flame retardant layer exhibits a graphitization trend. In the flame retardant layer, there are not only functional groups, such as P = O, PO4 3- , P-O-C decomposed by flame retardant but also characteristic functional groups of wood fiber, like C = O, C-H, etc. The prepolymer BF-B, which is composed of phytic acid, urea and, dicyandiamide polymerized with chitosan or lignocellulose to form a supramolecular flame retardant connected with P-O-C and P-O-N functional groups, thus improving the flame retardant and anti-loss property by in-situ polymerization. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guochao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Qiuhui Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
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23
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Design and Fabrication of a Novel LDH@GO Nanohybrid Material for Its Application Potentials in Polypropylene. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-02936-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Wang H, He Z, Li X, Wang Y, Yao D, Zheng Y. Improving the flame retardancy of epoxy resin with
ZIF
‐67@
GO‐PA
nanohybrid as filler. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongni Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Zhongjie He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Yudeng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Dongdong Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Yaping Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
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25
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Jia P, Ma C, Lu J, Yang W, Jiang X, Jiang G, Yin Z, Qiu Y, Qian L, Yu X, Hu Y, Hu W, Wang B. Design of copper salt@graphene nanohybrids to accomplish excellent resilience and superior fire safety for flexible polyurethane foam. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 606:1205-1218. [PMID: 34492459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.08.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) is the most commonly used polyurethane, but its highly flammable characteristics makes it ignite easily and release a lot of heat and toxic gases. Here, the effect of different forms of copper salt modified graphene (rGO@CuO, rGO@Cu2O and rGO@CSOH) on improving the fire protection efficiency and mechanical property of FPUF is explored. Hybrid FPUF is characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), cone calorimeter, thermogravimetric analysis/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-IR), tension, compression, and falling ball rebound testing. Compared with pure FPUF, the FPUF/rGO@CSOH show a significant decreasement in reducing the heat release of FPUF, the PHRR and THR are reduced by 36.9% and 29.4%, respectively. While the FPUF/rGO@Cu2O demonstrate excellent smoke and toxic gases suppression in FPUF, the PSPR and TSR are reduced by 24.6% and 51.9%, and the COP and COY are also reduced by 51.9% and 55.3%, respectively. After adding the copper salt hybrid, the buffering performance of FPUF did not change. Fortunately, the tensile and compressive strength increase obviously. The flame retardant and smoke suppression mechanism of hybrid FPUF has also been studied. This article gives a effective strategy for the preparation of FPUF with outstanding mechanical property, flame retardant and smoke suppression properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Chao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Jingyi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Wenhao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Xin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Guangyong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Zhenting Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Yong Qiu
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road 11, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Lijun Qian
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road 11, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization, Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths, Baotou 014030, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Weizhao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China.
| | - Bibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China.
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26
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Zou S, Lan S, Dang L, Li P, Zhu D, Li L. Controllable fabrication of a hybrid containing dodecyl dihydrogen phosphate modified magnesium borate whisker/hydrated alumina for enhancing the fire safety and mechanical properties of epoxy resin. RSC Adv 2022; 12:7422-7432. [PMID: 35424671 PMCID: PMC8982156 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08289b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A composite particle with hydrated alumina deposited on the surface of magnesium borate whisker (MBW@HA) was prepared following a chemical liquid deposition method. Subsequently, dodecyl dihydrogen phosphate (DDP) was grafted onto the surface of the composite particles to synthesize an inorganic–organic hybrid (MBW@HA–DDP). The structure, morphology, and composition of MBW@HA–DDP were well characterized. The results revealed the hybrid of MBW@HA–DDP was successfully synthesized characterized by a hydrophobic surface. Subsequently, the obtained MBW@HA–DDP was incorporated into epoxy resin (EP) to fabricate flame retardant composites. The results revealed that the incorporation of MBW@HA–DDP significantly improved the fire safety of EP, for instance, the total heat release (THR) and peak heat release rate (PHRR) of the EP composite with 10-phr MBW@HA–DDP added were reduced by 28.1% and 32.0%, respectively, accompanied with lower total smoke production (TSP) and smoke production rate (SPR). The improved fire safety was due to the barrier function of MBW and HA, and the dilution effect of water vapor generated from HA. Meanwhile, the phosphorus oxoacids generated from DDP could function as catalysts and increase the degree of graphitization of the char residues, thus protecting the matrix effectively. In relation to mechanical properties, the incorporation of MBW@HA–DDP did not deteriorate the mechanical properties of EP but improved them to some extent. The results presented herein help develop a novel strategy for developing flame retardants characterized by good flame-retardant behavior and improved mechanical properties. A novel hybrid containing dodecyl dihydrogen phosphate modified magnesium borate whisker/hydrated alumina (MBW@HA–DDP) was fabricated with good flame retardant and reinforcing properties for epoxy resin (EP).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, PR China
| | - Shengjie Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, PR China
- Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, PR China
| | - Li Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, PR China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, PR China
| | - Donghai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, PR China
| | - Le Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, PR China
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27
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Li L, Guo X, Chen S, Chen X, Qin J, Lu Z. Fabrication of MgAl LDH@graphene oxide nanohybrids and their effect on the thermal stability and crystallization behavior of polypropylene. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:10149-10159. [PMID: 34730169 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01123e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The co-precipitation method is used to fabricate layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanohybrids with surface engineering of graphene oxide (GO) by radially grafting borate-LDH (BLDH) to BLDH@GO nanosheets, aiming at improving the surface characteristics and compatibility of LDH with the polymer matrix. The results prove the successful fabrication of BLDH@GO and LDH@GO nanosheets. The nanosheets are mixed into polypropylene (PP) by melt blending to study the structure and properties of the composites. The PP composites with BLDH@GO and BLDH have both exfoliation structures and aggregation structures, and the two nanosheets show enhanced interfacial interactions with the PP matrix compared with LDH and LDH@GO. The initial decomposition temperatures of the PP composites are lower than those of the neat PP, but the thermal degradation temperatures of the PP composites are higher. Compared with the other samples, BLDH@GO provides a higher nucleation density, reflected in a smaller spherulite size and a higher crystallization temperature confirmed by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results. BLDH@GO shifts the crystallization temperature of PP to higher values (compared to the neat PP) due to the nucleation effect, which is in line with the increase in the nucleation density detected by polarized optical microscopy (POM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingtong Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Xincheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Shaopeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Xiaolang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
- Sichuan Jiahe Copoly Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610015, China
| | - Jun Qin
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550003, China.
| | - Zongcheng Lu
- Sichuan Jiahe Copoly Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610015, China
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28
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Jin X, Gu TH, Kwon NH, Hwang SJ. Synergetic Advantages of Atomically Coupled 2D Inorganic and Graphene Nanosheets as Versatile Building Blocks for Diverse Functional Nanohybrids. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005922. [PMID: 33890336 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
2D nanostructured materials, including inorganic and graphene nanosheets, have evoked plenty of scientific research activity due to their intriguing properties and excellent functionalities. The complementary advantages and common 2D crystal shapes of inorganic and graphene nanosheets render their homogenous mixtures powerful building blocks for novel high-performance functional hybrid materials. The nanometer-level thickness of 2D inorganic/graphene nanosheets allows the achievement of unusually strong electronic couplings between sheets, leading to a remarkable improvement in preexisting functionalities and the creation of unexpected properties. The synergetic merits of atomically coupled 2D inorganic-graphene nanosheets are presented here in the exploration of novel heterogeneous functional materials, with an emphasis on their critical roles as hybridization building blocks, interstratified sheets, additives, substrates, and deposited monolayers. The great flexibility and controllability of the elemental compositions, defect structures, and surface natures of inorganic-graphene nanosheets provide valuable opportunities for exploring high-performance nanohybrids applicable as electrodes for supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries, electrocatalysts, photocatalysts, and water purification agents, to give some examples. An outlook on future research perspectives for the exploitation of emerging 2D nanosheet-based hybrid materials is also presented along with novel synthetic strategies to maximize the synergetic advantage of atomically mixed 2D inorganic-graphene nanosheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Jin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Ha Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, College of Natural Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hee Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ju Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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29
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Li L, Wang H, Hua F, Wang M, Zhang Y, Xi H, Yang J, Yang Z, Lei Z. Flame Retardancy of Epoxy Resin Improved by Graphene Hybrid Containing Phosphorous, Boron, Nitrogen and Silicon Elements. Macromol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-021-9074-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Wang L, Wei Y, Deng H, Lyu R, Zhu J, Yang Y. Synergistic Flame Retardant Effect of Barium Phytate and Intumescent Flame Retardant for Epoxy Resin. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2900. [PMID: 34502940 PMCID: PMC8434477 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, widespread concern has been aroused on environmentally friendly materials. In this article, barium phytate (Pa-Ba) was prepared by the reaction of phytic acid with barium carbonate in deionized water, which was used to blend with intumescent flame retardant (IFR) as a flame retardant and was added to epoxy resin (EP). Afterward, the chemical structure and thermal stability of Pa-Ba were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. On this basis, the flammability and flame retardancy of EP composites were researched. It is shown that EP/14IFR/2Ba composite has the highest limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 30.7%. Moreover, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) of EP/14IFR/2Ba decreases by 69.13% compared with pure EP. SEM and Raman spectra reveal the carbonization quality of EP/14IFR/2Ba is better than that of other composites. The results prove that Pa-Ba can cooperate with IFR to improve the flame retardancy of EP, reducing the addition amount of IFR in EP, thus expanding the application range of EP. In conclusion, adding Pa-Ba to IFR is a more environmentally friendly and efficient method compared with others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Y.W.); (H.D.); (R.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yue Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Y.W.); (H.D.); (R.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Hongbo Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Y.W.); (H.D.); (R.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Ruiqi Lyu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Y.W.); (H.D.); (R.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiajie Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Y.W.); (H.D.); (R.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yabing Yang
- Petroleum Engineering Design Co., Ltd., China Petrochemical Corporation, Dongying 257026, China;
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31
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Sui Y, Li P, Dai X, Zhang C. Green self-assembly of h-BN@PDA@MoS2 nanosheets by polydopamine as fire hazard suppression materials. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.104965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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The
Bi‐DOPO
derivative functionalized graphene oxide: Preparation and its flame‐retardation on epoxy resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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33
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Liu Y, Gao Y, Zhang Z, Wang Q. Preparation of ammonium polyphosphate and dye co-intercalated LDH/polypropylene composites with enhanced flame retardant and UV resistance properties. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 277:130370. [PMID: 34384194 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) with flame retardant performance and acid red 88 (AR88) with UV absorption property were intercalated into layered double hydroxide (LDH) interlayers together, aiming to improve the flame retardancy and UV resistance properties of polypropylene (PP) simultaneous in one system. The synthesized LDHs and PP/LDH composites were characterized systematically and the results showed that AR88 and APP were intercalated into LDH interlayers successfully, and the content of APP and AR88 in LDH interlayers can be controlled through the synthesis process. Both APP-LDHs and AR88/APP-LDHs can greatly improve the flame retardancy performance of PP, with 25 wt% LDH addition, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) decreased by 42-63%, respectively. Temperature at 50% mass loss (T50) of PP also increased to some extent. In addition, the intercalation of AR88 in LDH also possessed good UV adsorption which can delay the ageing of PP during their use. Thus, a new approach to improve both flame retardant and UV resistance properties for polymers at the same time is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Yanshan Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Zhang Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing, 100048, PR China
| | - Qiang Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, PR China
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Ning H, Ma Z, Zhang Z, Zhang D, Wang Y. A novel multifunctional flame retardant MXene/nanosilica hybrid for poly(vinyl alcohol) with simultaneously improved mechanical properties. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04897f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new MXene-based flame retardant and a new strategy for the synthesis of multifunctional polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhe Ning
- Department of Material Science
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Zhongying Ma
- Department of Material Science
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- Department of Material Science
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Material Science
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Department of Material Science
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
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35
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Sabet M, Soleimani H, Mohammadian E, Hosseini S. Impact of inclusion of graphene oxide nanosheets on polypropylene thermal characteristics. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-020-00864-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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36
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Zhou Y, Chu F, Qiu S, Guo W, Zhang S, Xu Z, Hu W, Hu Y. Construction of graphite oxide modified black phosphorus through covalent linkage: An efficient strategy for smoke toxicity and fire hazard suppression of epoxy resin. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 399:123015. [PMID: 32937706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The black phosphorus (BP) can be compounded with other two-dimensional materials with flame retardant effect to achieve better synergistic effect. Herein, the multifunctional BP-RGO nanohybrids was fabricated by solvothermal strategy to improve the dispersion state of BP in epoxy resin (EP) and enhance its fire safety performance, where the reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was attached on the surface of BP via PC and POC bonds. With the incorporation of 2.0 wt% BP-RGO into EP matrix, 54.4 % reduction in total heat release (THR) was achieved along with 55.2 % decrease in peak heat release rate (PHRR) compared with neat EP. As a similar trend, the toxic CO and aromatic compounds were significantly inhibited, and the maximum decrease (28.5 %) in total smoke production (TSP) was achieved, indicating the enhanced fire safety performance of EP nanocomposites. These positive results is attributed to the synergistic effect of physical nano-barrier, free radicals trapping and char formation between BP and RGO components. Meanwhile, the EP/BP-RGO2.0 nanocomposites exhibited satisfying air stability even after being immersed in water for a month. This work enriches the strategies for enhancing the air stability of BP, and confirms its potential for smoke toxicity and fire hazard suppression in polymer nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Fukai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Shuilai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Wenwen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Shenghe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Zhoumei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Weizhao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
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37
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The Flame Retardancy of Polyethylene Composites: From Fundamental Concepts to Nanocomposites. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215157. [PMID: 33167598 PMCID: PMC7664228 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene (PE) is one the most used plastics worldwide for a wide range of applications due to its good mechanical and chemical resistance, low density, cost efficiency, ease of processability, non-reactivity, low toxicity, good electric insulation, and good functionality. However, its high flammability and rapid flame spread pose dangers for certain applications. Therefore, different flame-retardant (FR) additives are incorporated into PE to increase its flame retardancy. In this review article, research papers from the past 10 years on the flame retardancy of PE systems are comprehensively reviewed and classified based on the additive sources. The FR additives are classified in well-known FR families, including phosphorous, melamine, nitrogen, inorganic hydroxides, boron, and silicon. The mechanism of fire retardance in each family is pinpointed. In addition to the efficiency of each FR in increasing the flame retardancy, its impact on the mechanical properties of the PE system is also discussed. Most of the FRs can decrease the heat release rate (HRR) of the PE products and simultaneously maintains the mechanical properties in appropriate ratios. Based on the literature, inorganic hydroxide seems to be used more in PE systems compared to other families. Finally, the role of nanotechnology for more efficient FR-PE systems is discussed and recommendations are given on implementing strategies that could help incorporate flame retardancy in the circular economy model.
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38
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Guo C, Zhao Y, Ji G, Wang C, Peng Z. Organic Aluminum Hypophosphite/Graphitic Carbon Nitride Hybrids as Halogen-Free Flame Retardants for Polyamide 6. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2323. [PMID: 33050605 PMCID: PMC7601840 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel organic aluminum hypophosphite (ALCPA) and its hybrid (CNALCPA) with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) were successfully synthesized and applied as halogen-free flame retardants in polyamide 6 (PA6). Their structures, morphology, thermal stability, and fire properties were characterized. Results showed that both ALCPA and CNALCPA had good flame retardancy. PA6/CNALCPA composites achieved a high limited-oxygen-index (LOI) value of 38.3% and a V-0 rating for UL94 at 20 wt % loading, while PA6/ALCPA composites could reach a V-1 rating for UL94. The flame-retardant mechanism was also studied. On the one hand, the incorporation of g-C3N4 produced more gas-phase products, which indicated a gas-phase mechanism. On the other hand, g-C3N4 could catalyze the thermal degradation of ALCPA and PA6 to form a compact char layer that was evidence for a solid-phase mechanism. The tensile test of the PA6 composites also displayed good mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhihan Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (C.G.); (Y.Z.); (G.J.); (C.W.)
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39
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Jiang H, Li Z, Gan J, Wang L, Li Y. Improved thermal and mechanical properties of bismaleimide nanocomposites via incorporation of a new allylated siloxane graphene oxide. RSC Adv 2020; 10:36853-36861. [PMID: 35517923 PMCID: PMC9057041 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06621d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A thermosetting resin system based on bismaleimide (BMI) has been developed via copolymerization with 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone in the presence of a newly synthesized graphene oxide, modified using allylated siloxane (AS-GO). The curing behavior of the AS-GO-containing resin system was evaluated using curing kinetics. The dispersibility of AS-GO in the resin was observed through polarizing optical microscopy (POM), which indicates that AS-GO has good dispersibility in the resin due to GO modified with allylated siloxane which has a good phase compatibility with BMI. The effect of AS-GO on the thermomechanical and mechanical properties of the cured modified resin was also studied. Results of thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the cured sample systems display a high char yield at lower concentrations of AS-GO (≤0.5 wt%) with an improved thermal stability. Using dynamic mechanical analysis, a marked increase in glass transition temperature (Tg) with increasing AS-GO content was observed. Mechanical property analyses revealed a possible effect of AS-GO as a toughener, and the results showed that an addition of 0.3% AS-GO maximized the toughness of the modified resin systems, which was confirmed by analysis of fracture surfaces. A thermosetting resin system based on bismaleimide has been developed via copolymerization of a new allylated siloxane graphene oxide.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University Xi'an 710065 P. R. China
| | - Zhao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University Xi'an 710065 P. R. China
| | - Jiantuo Gan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University Xi'an 710065 P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University Xi'an 710065 P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University Xi'an 710065 P. R. China
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40
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Harichandran G, Radha S, Yesuraj J, Muthuraaman B. Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Cu
3
(MoO
4
)
2
(OH)
2
Nanorods for High Performance Supercapacitor Electrode Application. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gurusamy Harichandran
- Department of Polymer Science University of Madras, Guindy Campus Chennai 600 025 India
| | - Sivasubramanian Radha
- Department of Polymer Science University of Madras, Guindy Campus Chennai 600 025 India
| | - Johnbosco Yesuraj
- Department of Energy University of Madras, Guindy Campus Chennai 600 025 India
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41
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Enhancement of Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Bismaleimide Using a Graphene Oxide Modified by Epoxy Silane. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13173836. [PMID: 32878091 PMCID: PMC7504111 DOI: 10.3390/ma13173836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A thermosetting resin system, based on bismaleimide (BMI), has been developed via copolymerization of 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone with a newly synthesized graphene oxide modified using epoxy silane (ES-GO). The effect of ES-GO on the thermomechanical and mechanical properties of cured modified resin was studied. To evaluate the efficiency of the modified BMI systems, the composite samples using glass fiber cloth were molded and tested. Thermogravimetric analysis indicates that the cured sample systems displays a high char yield at lower concentrations of ES-GO (≤0.5 wt.%), suggesting an improved thermal stability. Using dynamic mechanical analysis, a marked increase in glass transition temperature (Tg) with increasing ES-GO content was observed. Analysis of mechanical properties reveals a possible effect of ES-GO as a toughener. The results also showed that the addition of 0.3 wt.% ES-GO maximizes the toughness of the modified resin systems, which was further confirmed by the result of analysis of fracture surfaces. At the same time, a molded composite with ES-GO showed improved mechanical properties and retention rate at 150 °C as compared to that made with neat resin.
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42
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Sabet M, Soleimani H, Hosseini S, Mohammadian E. Impact of graphene oxide on epoxy resin characteristics. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008320943929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of a small part of graphene oxide (GO) offers an appropriate fire retardant for thermally conductive epoxy (EP) resin composites, which is verified by the upper limiting oxygen index of 24.5% and other standard flame-retardant tests. The smoke production rate, total smoke production (TSP), and the smoke density of EP composites were reduced with additional GO. The increased efficiency of fire resistance and smoke suppression is primarily due to the formation of physical barrier and compactness of the developed GO char layers, serving as an effective barrier layer that increases the fire resistance, and the thermal steadiness of the char layers derives from the effect of GO inclusion. The barrier impact of GO and the limited mobility of polymer chains are crucial factors in increasing thermal stability and reduction of generating dangerous carbon monoxide during burns. The thermal stability increased and the peak heat release rate, total heat release, TSP, and the largest smoke density value reduced to 52.5%, 43.6%, 33.9%, and 44.2%, correspondingly, compared with pure EP. The tensile strength and elongation at break of EP composites were enhanced by 23% and 8.4% compared with pure EP, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maziyar Sabet
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Hassan Soleimani
- Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Ipoh, Malaysia
| | - Seyednooroldin Hosseini
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, EOR Research Center, Omidiyeh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Omidiyeh, Iran
| | - Erfan Mohammadian
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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43
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Phosphorus-containing organic-inorganic hybrid nanoparticles for the smoke suppression and flame retardancy of thermoplastic polyurethane. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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44
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Liu G, Shi H, Kundu CK, Li Z, Li X, Zhang Z. Preparation of novel biomass humate flame retardants and their flame retardancy in epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangya Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Hybrid Nanomaterials Henan University Kaifeng China
| | - Huili Shi
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Hybrid Nanomaterials Henan University Kaifeng China
| | - Chanchal Kumar Kundu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Hybrid Nanomaterials Henan University Kaifeng China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Hybrid Nanomaterials Henan University Kaifeng China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Hybrid Nanomaterials Henan University Kaifeng China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Hybrid Nanomaterials Henan University Kaifeng China
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45
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Zhou S, Kang Y, Huang R, Luo Z, He M. Superior thermal stability and smoke suppression of epoxy resin composites with graphene/
LDH
phosphorus‐rich hybrids. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhou
- College of ScienceNanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Yunian Kang
- College of ScienceNanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Rongqing Huang
- Changzhou Highbery New Nano Materials Technology Co. Ltd Changzhou China
| | - Zhenyang Luo
- College of ScienceNanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Ming He
- College of ScienceNanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
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46
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Robust, sustainable cellulose composite aerogels with outstanding flame retardancy and thermal insulation. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 230:115623. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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47
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Huang R, Guo X, Ma S, Xie J, Xu J, Ma J. Novel Phosphorus-Nitrogen-Containing Ionic Liquid Modified Metal-Organic Framework as an Effective Flame Retardant for Epoxy Resin. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12010108. [PMID: 31948015 PMCID: PMC7022461 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown great potential in flame retardant applications; however, strategies for fully exploiting the advantages of MOFs in order to further enhance the flame retardant performance are still in high demand. Herein, a novel MOF composite was designed through the generated cooperative role of MOF (NH2-MIL-101(Al)) and a phosphorus-nitrogen-containing ionic liquid ([DPP-NC3bim][PMO]). The ionic liquid (IL) was composed of imidazole cation modified with diphenylphosphinic group (DPP) and phosphomolybdic acid (PMoA) anions, which can trap the degrading polymer radicals and reduce the smoke emission. The MOF acts as a porous host and can avoid the agglomeration of ionic liquid. Meanwhile, the -NH2 groups of NH2-MIL-101(Al) can increase the compatibility with epoxy resin (EP). The framework is expected to act as an efficient insulating barrier to suppress the flame spread. It was demonstrated that the MOF composite (IL@NH2-MIL-101(Al)) is able to effectively improve the fire safety of EP at low additions (3 wt. %). The LOI value of EP/IL@NH2-MIL-101(Al) increased to 29.8%. The cone calorimeter results showed a decreased heat release rate (51.2%), smoke production rate (37.8%), and CO release rate (44.8%) of EP/IL@NH2-MIL-101(Al) with respect to those of neat EP. This strategy can be extended to design other advanced materials for flame retardant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jianzhong Xu
- Correspondence: (J.X.); (J.M.); Tel.: +860312-5079482 (J.X.)
| | - Jing Ma
- Correspondence: (J.X.); (J.M.); Tel.: +860312-5079482 (J.X.)
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48
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Qu L, Sui Y, Zhang C, Li P, Dai X, Xu B, Fang D. POSS-functionalized graphene oxide hybrids with improved dispersive and smoke-suppressive properties for epoxy flame-retardant application. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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49
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Nanoreinforcements of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Flame Retardant Polymeric Composites: An Overview. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/4273253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymer materials are ubiquitous in daily life. While polymers are often convenient and helpful, their properties often obscure the fire hazards they may pose. Therefore, it is of great significance in terms of safety to study the flame retardant properties of polymers while still maintaining their optimal performance. Current literature shows that although traditional flame retardants can satisfy the requirements of polymer flame retardancy, due to increases in product requirements in industry, including requirements for durability, mechanical properties, and environmental friendliness, it is imperative to develop a new generation of flame retardants. In recent years, the preparation of modified two-dimensional nanomaterials as flame retardants has attracted wide attention in the field. Due to their unique layered structures, two-dimensional nanomaterials can generally improve the mechanical properties of polymers via uniform dispersion, and they can form effective physical barriers in a matrix to improve the thermal stability of polymers. For polymer applications in specialized fields, different two-dimensional nanomaterials have potential conductivity, high thermal conductivity, catalytic activity, and antiultraviolet abilities, which can meet the flame retardant requirements of polymers and allow their use in specific applications. In this review, the current research status of two-dimensional nanomaterials as flame retardants is discussed, as well as a mechanism of how they can be applied for reducing the flammability of polymers.
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50
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Xu W, Li W, Wang X, Zhang X, Cheng Z. Effect of different ionic layered compounds decorated with zinc hydroxystannate on flame retardancy and smoke performance of epoxy resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzong Xu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Anhui Jianzhu University Hefei Anhui 230601 People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Li
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Anhui Jianzhu University Hefei Anhui 230601 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Anhui Jianzhu University Hefei Anhui 230601 People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Anhui Jianzhu University Hefei Anhui 230601 People's Republic of China
| | - Zihao Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Anhui Jianzhu University Hefei Anhui 230601 People's Republic of China
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