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Sorrentino MC, Giordano S, Spagnuolo V. Phytomonitoring and Phytoremediation of Environmental Pollutants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:366. [PMID: 38337899 PMCID: PMC10857515 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Since 1973, with the activation of the Environmental Action Program (EAP), the European Union has produced a substantial body of legislative packages aimed at improving the environmental quality; as a result, air, water, and soil pollution have significantly been reduced, as stated by the European Commission in the EAP 2020 [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Sorrentino
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), Via Torrino 2, 81100 Caserta, CE, Italy;
| | - Simonetta Giordano
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, NA, Italy;
| | - Valeria Spagnuolo
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, NA, Italy;
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2
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Elazab D, Lambardi M, Capuana M. In Vitro Culture Studies for the Mitigation of Heavy Metal Stress in Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3387. [PMID: 37836127 PMCID: PMC10574448 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are among the most common and dangerous contaminants; their action on plants, as well as the possibility for plants to effectively absorb and translocate them, have been studied for several years, mainly for exploitation in phytoremediation, an environmentally friendly and potentially effective technology proposed and studied for the recovery of contaminated soils and waters. In this work, the analysis has focused on the studies developed using in vitro techniques on the possibilities of mitigating, in plants, the stress due to the presence of heavy metals and/or improving their absorption. These objectives can be pursued with the use of different substances and organisms, which have been examined in detail. The following are therefore presented in this review: an analysis of the role of metals and metalloids; the use of several plant growth regulators, with their mechanisms of action in different physiological phases of the plant; the activity of bacteria and fungi; and the role of other effective compounds, such as ascorbic acid and glutathione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Elazab
- IBE—Institute of BioEconomy, National Research Council (CNR), 50019 Florence, Italy; (D.E.); (M.L.)
- Department of Pomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Maurizio Lambardi
- IBE—Institute of BioEconomy, National Research Council (CNR), 50019 Florence, Italy; (D.E.); (M.L.)
| | - Maurizio Capuana
- IBBR—Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council (CNR), 50019 Florence, Italy
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3
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Abbas T, Ahmad I, Khan ZI, Shah AA, Casini R, Elansary HO. Stress mitigation by riparian flora in industrial contaminated area of River Chenab Punjab, Pakistan. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15565. [PMID: 37397008 PMCID: PMC10314743 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Faisalabad is a major industrial area in Pakistan's Punjab province that discharges wastewater into the Chenab River. Industrial effluents in Faisalabad are predicted to pose a significant threat to the riparian vegetation of the Chenab River and nearby vegetation. Heavy metal pollution of plants, water, and soils is one of the biggest problems worldwide that needs to be addressed because heavy metals above normal levels are extremely dangerous to both riparian vegetation and wildlife. The results indicated high levels of pollution in the industrial effluents as well as in the river in terms of salinity, metal toxicity, TSS, TDS, SAR, the acidic and alkaline nature of the industrial effluents, and the spread of industrial effluents up to 15 square kilometres in the Chenab River. Despite the higher pollution, four plants were found at all sites: Calotropis procera, Phyla nodiflora, Eclipta alba and Ranunculus sceleratus. It was found that most of the selected plants were phytoaccumulators, making them best suited to survive in harsh environments such as those with industrial pollution. The Fe concentration in the plant constituents was the highest, along with Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cu, all of which were above the permissible limits of the WHO. The metal transfer factor (MTF) was higher in most of the plants studied, and even exceeded 10 at some severely affected sites. Calotropis procera proved to be the most suitable plant for growth on drainage systems and also at river sites, as it had the highest importance value across all sites and seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toqeer Abbas
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ryan Casini
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Guo J, Chen T, Zheng G, Yang J, Qian T, Liu X, Meng X, Li Y. Cadmium accumulation responses in Hylotelephium spectabile: The role of photosynthetic characteristics under different nitrogen, moisture, and light conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 319:138019. [PMID: 36736483 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The influence of environmental factors on Cd accumulation by Hylotelephium spectabile and its physiological mechanisms are unclear. A field trial was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen, soil moisture, and light regulation on plant growth, Cd absorption and translocation, and the photosynthetic characteristics of two H. spectabile populations (LN with high Cd accumulation capacity and HB1 with relatively low Cd accumulation capacity). The results showed that Cd accumulation in LN was 59.6% higher than that in HB1 which may partly be explained by the inherent high transpiration rate of LN, especially at the terminal stage. In addition, the photosynthetic rate of LN responded more positively to nitrogen than HB1, which further amplified its advantages on plant growth and Cd accumulation. Moderate drought significantly stimulated root growth of LN, indicating that LN possesses stronger resistance to drought. Shade inhibited Cd distribution, rather than directly affecting Cd concentrations in H. spectabile. The combined stress of shade and drought had a synergistic effect on Cd translocation in H. spectabile. Moreover, LN achieved 17.3%∼444.5% higher transpiration levels than HB1 under environmental stress, which ensured a more efficient Cd transport capacity of LN. Therefore, the investigation of photosynthetic characteristics further revealed the physiological mechanism by which LN accumulated Cd superior to HB1 under environmental stress and responded more positively to nitrogen nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmei Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030600, China; Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Tongbin Chen
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guodi Zheng
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junxing Yang
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Tianwei Qian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030600, China
| | - Xiaona Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030600, China
| | - Xiaofei Meng
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Sorrentino MC, Granata A, Pugliese M, Manti L, Giordano S, Capozzi F, Spagnuolo V. Evaluation of morpho-physiological responses and genotoxicity in Eruca sativa (Mill.) grown in hydroponics from seeds exposed to X-rays. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15281. [PMID: 37128204 PMCID: PMC10148638 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its potential applications in cultivated plants, ionizing radiation (IR) and its effect on organisms is increasingly studied. Here we measured the effects of ionizing radiation on Eruca sativa by analyzing plants from irradiated seeds (1 and 10 Gy) grown in hydroponics. We measured several morpho-physiological traits and genotoxicity. Radiation stress induced a noticeable variability of the morpho-physiological traits highlighting decreased plant vigor. Shoot length and leaf number were significantly higher in 1 Gy-treated samples, whereas root length was significantly higher in 10 Gy treated plants. Stomata number significantly increased with IR dose, whereas both pigment and Rubisco content decreased under radiation stress. Phenol content significantly increased in 1 Gy treated samples, otherwise from total antioxidants, which were not different from control. Most results could find a feasible explanation in a hormesis-like pattern and in a decreased plant vigor under radiation stress. IR induced genotoxic damage, evaluated by ISSR markers, in 15 day old leaves; specifically, a severe decrease in the genome template stability was observed. However, a partial recovery occurred after 2 weeks, especially under the lowest dose (i.e., 1 Gy), suggesting that DNA damage detection and repair mechanisms are active. Pigment content and genotoxic damage may serve as proxies for evaluating plant responses to IR stress, since they show univocal dose-dependent trends. The use of more checkpoints for analyses and more doses over a wider range, as well as the focus on different metabolites, could help elucidate plant response in terms of morpho-physiological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelo Granata
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Manti
- Department of Physics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Fiore Capozzi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Spagnuolo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Chaplygin V, Dudnikova T, Chernikova N, Fedorenko A, Mandzhieva S, Fedorenko G, Sushkova S, Nevidomskaya D, Minkina T, Sathishkumar P, Rajput VD. Phragmites australis cav. As a bioindicator of hydromorphic soils pollution with heavy metals and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136409. [PMID: 36108759 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The work is devoted to evaluation of the ability of Phragmites australis Сav. to indicate the soil pollution with heavy metals (HMs) and priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by studying changes in the plant's ultrastructure. The concentration of Mn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni as well as 16 priority PAHs in hydromorphic soils and macrophyte plants (Phragmites australis Cav.) were increasing with distance decreasing to the power station and approaching to the direction of prevailing wind (northwest). The analyze of distribution of the studied pollutants in plants showed that the highest concentration have prevailed in the roots. A decrease in the diameter of the roots, and an increase in the thickness of the leaf blade was established. The transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that the ultrastructure of P. australis chloroplasts changed affected by accumulation of HMs and PAHs: a rise in the number of plastoglobules; a drop in the number of lamellae in granules, as well as changes in the shape, size, and electron density of mitochondria and peroxisomes. The most serious destructive violations of the main cellular organelles were noted for plants from the site within a 2.5 km from the emissions source and located on the predominant wind rose (north-west) direction. These macrophytes reflect spatial variations of pollutants metals in hydromorphic soils, therefore they are of potential use as bioindicators of environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Grigorii Fedorenko
- Federal Research Centre the Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | | | | | - Tatiana Minkina
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Palanivel Sathishkumar
- Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, India
| | - Vishnu D Rajput
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation.
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7
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Rahman SU, Wang X, Shahzad M, Bashir O, Li Y, Cheng H. A review of the influence of nanoparticles on the physiological and biochemical attributes of plants with a focus on the absorption and translocation of toxic trace elements. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 310:119916. [PMID: 35944778 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Trace elements (TEs) from various natural and anthropogenic activities contaminate the agricultural water and soil environments. The use of nanoparticles (NPs) as nano-fertilizers or nano-pesticides is gaining popularity worldwide. The NPs-mediated fertilizers encourage the balanced availability of essential nutrients to plants compared to traditional fertilizers, especially in the presence of excessive amounts of TEs. Moreover, NPs could reduce and/or restrict the bioavailability of TEs to plants due to their high sorption ability. In this review, we summarize the potential influence of NPs on plant physiological attributes, mineral absorption, and TEs sorption, accumulation, and translocation. It also unveils the NPs-mediated TE scavenging-mechanisms at plant and soil interface. NPs immobilized TEs in soil solution effectively by altering the speciation of TEs and modifying the physiological, biochemical, and biological properties of soil. In plants, NPs inhibit the transfer of TEs from roots to shoots by inducing structural modifications, altering gene transcription, and strengthening antioxidant defense mechanisms. On the other hand, the mechanisms underpinning NPs-mediated TEs absorption and cytotoxicity mitigation differ depending on the NPs type, distribution strategy, duration of NP exposure, and plants (e.g., types, varieties, and growth rate). The review highlights that NPs may bring new possibilities for resolving the issue of TE cytotoxicity in crops, which may also assist in reducing the threats to the human dietary system. Although the potential ability of NPs in decontaminating soils is just beginning to be understood, further research is needed to uncover the sub-cellular-based mechanisms of NPs-induced TE scavenging in soils and absorption in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafeeq Ur Rahman
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China; MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Owais Bashir
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, 190025, Kashmir, India
| | - Yanliang Li
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China.
| | - Hefa Cheng
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Solidification, remediation and long-term stability of heavy metal contaminated soil under the background of sustainable development. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10330. [PMID: 35725993 PMCID: PMC9209515 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14122-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, the global pollution has seriously exceeded the standard. With the passage of time, pollution has gradually affected people's daily lives, but the solution to pollution is far from achieving a better treatment effect. For the treatment of pollution, in addition to considering the treatment effect, it is also necessary to consider whether the treatment method will cause pollution and the cost of the treatment of the pollutants. As one of the lifelines of human survival, the land is also suffering from pollution. The impact of heavy metal pollution is particularly serious, and there is no better solution. Based on this, this paper proposes a curing agent based on sustainable remediation to solve the soil pollution of heavy metals. The main material is Basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS), which has excellent social development characteristics in all aspects, and the raw materials are calcium carbide residue (CCR) and phosphogypsum (PG) to explore a more suitable curing agent. (consisting of BOFS, CCR, and PG, abbreviated as BCP). The experimental results in this paper show that the volume of pores and pores in the agglomerates are slightly reduced, and the content of curing agent is increased from 4 to 10%, while the corresponding volume is only reduced by 0.006 and 0.017 mL/g. Therefore, it can be seen that the reduction of the pore volume between the aggregates of the stabilized species of BCP has made a major contribution to the strength development.
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Li Y, Zha Y, Wang G, Xie T, Zhao C, Yin Y, Guo H. Willow can be recommended as a strong candidate for the phytoremediation of cadmium and pyrene co-polluted soil under flooding condition. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:41081-41092. [PMID: 35083690 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18228-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil cadmium (Cd) and pyrene (PYR) pollutions have gained worldwide attention due to their negative effects on the environment. Intermittent flooding in rain-rich areas may affect phytoremediation of Cd and PYR in soil. Therefore, a pot-culture experiment, with and without flooding, was conducted to study the effects of flooding on soil Cd and PYR phytoremediation. Concentrations of Cd, PYR, and nutrients in soils and plants, as well as plant physiological and biochemical responses, were examined. Under both flooding and non-flooding conditions, willow (Salix × aureo-pendula CL 'J1011') demonstrated a better ability to remove soil Cd and PYR. Flooding led to higher Cd accumulation in roots than that in shoots. Conversely, non-flooding resulted in higher Cd accumulation in shoots than that in roots. The maximum concentrations of Cd in shoots were 11.02 and 14.07 mg kg-1 with and without flooding, respectively. The maximum dissipation rates of PYR in soil were 47.35% and 88.61% under flooding and non-flooding conditions, respectively. In addition, flooding significantly increased the photosynthetic pigment, photosynthetic fluorescence, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in leaves, compared with non-flooding treatment. Flooding also increased the concentrations of Mg, Mn, P, Fe, and K in roots and shoots. This study outlines an effective insight for the phytoremediation of Cd- and PYR-contaminated soil under flooding condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yepu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University (Xianlin Campus), 163 Xianlin Road, Jiangsu Province, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Centre for Critical Zone Science, University of Leeds and Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yidi Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University (Xianlin Campus), 163 Xianlin Road, Jiangsu Province, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Centre for Critical Zone Science, University of Leeds and Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Guobing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University (Xianlin Campus), 163 Xianlin Road, Jiangsu Province, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Centre for Critical Zone Science, University of Leeds and Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Tanchun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University (Xianlin Campus), 163 Xianlin Road, Jiangsu Province, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Centre for Critical Zone Science, University of Leeds and Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuicui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University (Xianlin Campus), 163 Xianlin Road, Jiangsu Province, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
- Joint International Research Centre for Critical Zone Science, University of Leeds and Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongyan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University (Xianlin Campus), 163 Xianlin Road, Jiangsu Province, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Centre for Critical Zone Science, University of Leeds and Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
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Sorrentino MC, Giordano S, Capozzi F, Spagnuolo V. Metals Induce Genotoxicity in Three Cardoon Cultivars: Relation to Metal Uptake and Distribution in Extra- and Intracellular Fractions. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11040475. [PMID: 35214808 PMCID: PMC8876339 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metal-polluted soil represents an important stress condition for plants. Several studies demonstrated that growth inhibition under metal stress and metal-induced damages, including genotoxicity, is particularly pronounced at the early stages of seedling growth. Moreover, it is reported that heavy metals enter the cytoplasm to exert their detrimental effect, including DNA damage. In this work, we estimated (i) metal-induced genotoxicity by ISSR molecular markers and (ii) the distribution of the metal fractions between symplast and apoplast by EDTA washing, in three cultivars of Cynara cardunculus var. altilis (L.) DC (Sardo, Siciliano, and Spagnolo), grown in hydroponics for 15 days with Cd or Pb: In line with the literature, in all cultivars, the genotoxic damage induced by Pb was more severe compared to Cd. However, a cultivar-specific response was evidenced since Spagnolo showed, under metal stress, a significantly higher genome template stability compared to the other examined cultivars. The lower genotoxicity observed in Spagnolo could depend on the lower intracellular metal concentration measured in this cultivar by chemical analysis. Accordingly, light microscopy highlighted that Spagnolo developed smaller and more numerous epidermal cells under metal stress; these cells would provide a larger wall surface offering a wider metal sequestration compartment in the apoplast.
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11
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Paolo D, Locatelli F, Cominelli E, Pirona R, Pozzo S, Graziani G, Ritieni A, De Palma M, Docimo T, Tucci M, Sparvoli F. Towards a Cardoon ( Cynara cardunculus var. altilis)-Based Biorefinery: A Case Study of Improved Cell Cultures via Genetic Modulation of the Phenylpropanoid Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111978. [PMID: 34769407 PMCID: PMC8584892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultivated cardoon (Cynara cardunculus var. altilis L.) is a promising candidate species for the development of plant cell cultures suitable for large-scale biomass production and recovery of nutraceuticals. We set up a protocol for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation, which can be used for the improvement of cardoon cell cultures in a frame of biorefinery. As high lignin content determines lower saccharification yields for the biomass, we opted for a biotechnological approach, with the purpose of reducing lignin content; we generated transgenic lines overexpressing the Arabidopsis thaliana MYB4 transcription factor, a known repressor of lignin/flavonoid biosynthesis. Here, we report a comprehensive characterization, including metabolic and transcriptomic analyses of AtMYB4 overexpression cardoon lines, in comparison to wild type, underlining favorable traits for their use in biorefinery. Among these, the improved accessibility of the lignocellulosic biomass to degrading enzymes due to depletion of lignin content, the unexpected increased growth rates, and the valuable nutraceutical profiles, in particular for hydroxycinnamic/caffeoylquinic and fatty acids profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Paolo
- National Research Council—Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (CNR-IBBA), Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.L.); (E.C.); (R.P.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (F.S.); Tel.: +39-0223699407 (D.P.); +39-0223699435 (F.S.)
| | - Franca Locatelli
- National Research Council—Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (CNR-IBBA), Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.L.); (E.C.); (R.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Eleonora Cominelli
- National Research Council—Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (CNR-IBBA), Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.L.); (E.C.); (R.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Raul Pirona
- National Research Council—Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (CNR-IBBA), Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.L.); (E.C.); (R.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Sara Pozzo
- National Research Council—Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (CNR-IBBA), Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.L.); (E.C.); (R.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Giulia Graziani
- Department of Pharmacy—University of Naples Federico II (UNINA), Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Department of Pharmacy—University of Naples Federico II (UNINA), Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Monica De Palma
- National Research Council—Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.D.P.); (T.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Teresa Docimo
- National Research Council—Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.D.P.); (T.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Marina Tucci
- National Research Council—Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.D.P.); (T.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Francesca Sparvoli
- National Research Council—Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (CNR-IBBA), Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.L.); (E.C.); (R.P.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (F.S.); Tel.: +39-0223699407 (D.P.); +39-0223699435 (F.S.)
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12
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Wang Y, Li M, Liu Z, Zhao J, Chen Y. Interactions between pyrene and heavy metals and their fates in a soil-maize (Zea mays L.) system: Perspectives from the root physiological functions and rhizosphere microbial community. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117616. [PMID: 34174663 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The co-occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals in agricultural soils has become a worldwide food crop security concern. Pot experiments, rhizosphere microbial metagenomic sequencing, and root metatranscriptomic sequencing were performed to investigate the interactions among pyrene, Cu, and Cd in a soil-maize (Zea mays L.) system. This study provided direct evidence that the co-presence of PAHs and heavy metals changed the root physiological functions and the rhizosphere microbial community, which subsequently influenced the fate of the contaminants. Co-contamination at low levels tended to enhance the uptake potential and biodegradation performance of the plant, whereas increased contaminant concentrations produced opposite effects. The co-presence of 1000 mg/kg Cu decreased the abundance of Mycobacterium in the rhizosphere and reduced pyrene degradation by 12%-16%. The presence of 400-750 mg/kg pyrene altered the metabolic processes, molecular binding functions, and catalytic activity of enzymes in the maize roots, thus impeding the phytoextraction of Cu and Cd. Competitive absorption between Cu and Cd was observed for the 800-1000 mg/kg Cu and 50-100 mg/kg Cd co-treatment, in which Cu showed a competitive advantage, enhancing its root-to-shoot translocation. These findings provide important information for the production of safe crops and for the development of phytoremediation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Manjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
| | - Zhaowei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Yongcan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, PR China
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13
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Zarinkamar F, Moradi A, Davoodpour M. Ecophysiological, anatomical, and apigenin changes due to uptake and accumulation of cadmium in Matricaria chamomilla L. flowers in hydroponics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:55154-55165. [PMID: 34128167 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14000-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most important heavy metals in the environment which has several effects on the morphology, physiology, and anatomy of plants. It is a mobile heavy metal that can be transferred easily into plants, thus entering into the human food chain. Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) as an important medicinal plant can uptake and accumulate Cd in its root and aerial organs. In this research, the effects of different concentrations of Cd (90, 180, and 360 μM) were investigated on the growth parameters, anatomical features, and enzymatic antioxidant activities in flowers of chamomile after 7 days of exposure. The content of apigenin, a flavone compound mostly synthesizing in chamomile flowers, was also analyzed after 72 h from Cd treatment. The results showed that all concentrations of Cd reduced the length and biomass of roots and shoots, the diameter of flowers, as well as the number of pollen grains in tubular florets, while increased trichome density on the florets. Cd-treated plants showed an increase in antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POX) activities. After 7 days of treatment to Cd major concentration, flowers accumulated Cd and enhanced the apigenin production with the increase of Cd contamination in hydroponic solution. This increase of apigenin is most likely due to its antioxidant and sequestering property as a resistance response to Cd excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Zarinkamar
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Azar Moradi
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Davoodpour
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Yang D, Yang S, Yuan H, Wang F, Wang H, Xu J, Liu X. Co-benefits of biochar-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron in simultaneously stabilizing soil heavy metals and reducing their bioaccessibility. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 418:126292. [PMID: 34118546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the performance and encapsulation mechanisms of novel biochar-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI-BC) used for the remediation of soil co-contaminated with arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) via incubation and column experiments. Compared with the control, 0.50% of nZVI-BC significantly decreased the leakage of As, Cd, and Pb by 97.94-98.45%, 42.86-81.12%, and 82.14-92.49%, respectively. In addition, 0.50% of nZVI-BC could transform the fraction of unstable heavy metals into a stable form, which substantially decreased the availability, leachability, and bioaccessibility of the heavy metals and hence greatly reduced the human health exposure risk. Column experiments showed that 0.50% of nZVI-BC effectively restrained the leaching of As, Cd, and Pb by 95.60-99.84%, 70.82-84.18%, and 91.68-99.81%, respectively. The predominant encapsulation mechanisms of nZVI-BC included complexation, precipitation/co-precipitation, reduction, and the formation of ternary surface complexes. Based on these insights, we can devise new strategies for the remediation of soil co-contaminated with As, Cd, and Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yang
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shiyan Yang
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Honghong Yuan
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fan Wang
- College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xingmei Liu
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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15
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Sorrentino MC, Capozzi F, Amitrano C, De Tommaso G, Arena C, Iuliano M, Giordano S, Spagnuolo V. Facing metal stress by multiple strategies: morphophysiological responses of cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) grown in hydroponics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:37616-37626. [PMID: 33715128 PMCID: PMC8302550 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13242-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of environments by heavy metals has become an urgent issue causing undesirable accumulations and severe damages to agricultural crops, especially cadmium and lead which are among the most widespread and dangerous metal pollutants worldwide. The selection of proper species is a crucial step in many plant-based restoration approaches; therefore, the aim of the present work was to check for early morphophysiological responsive traits in three cultivars of Cynara cardunculus (Sardo, Siciliano, and Spagnolo), helping to select the best performing cultivar for phytoremediation. For all three tested cultivars, our results indicate that cardoon displays some morphophysiological traits to face Cd and Pb pollution, particularly at the root morphology level, element uptake ability, and photosynthetic pigment content. Other traits show instead a cultivar-specific behavior; in fact, stomata plasticity, photosynthetic pattern, and antioxidant power provide different responses, but only Spagnolo cv. achieves a successful strategy attaining a real resilience to metal stress. The capacity of Spagnolo plants to modify leaf structural and physiological traits under heavy metal contamination to maintain high photosynthetic efficiency should be considered an elective trait for its use in contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Sorrentino
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Cupa Nuova Cintia, 21-80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fiore Capozzi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Cupa Nuova Cintia, 21-80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Chiara Amitrano
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Università, 100-80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Gaetano De Tommaso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Cupa Nuova Cintia, 21-80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Carmen Arena
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Cupa Nuova Cintia, 21-80126, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Mauro Iuliano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Cupa Nuova Cintia, 21-80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Simonetta Giordano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Cupa Nuova Cintia, 21-80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Valeria Spagnuolo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Cupa Nuova Cintia, 21-80126, Napoli, Italy.
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16
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Mitra A, Chatterjee S, Kataki S, Rastogi RP, Gupta DK. Bacterial tolerance strategies against lead toxicity and their relevance in bioremediation application. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:14271-14284. [PMID: 33528774 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12583-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Among heavy metals, lead (Pb) is a non-essential metal having a higher toxicity and without any crucial known biological functions. Being widespread, non-biodegradable and persistent in every sphere of soil, air and water, Pb is responsible for severe health and environmental issues, which need appropriate remediation measures. However, microbes inhabiting Pb-contaminated area are found to have evolved distinctive mechanisms to successfully thrive in the Pb-contaminated environment without exhibiting any negative effects on their growth and metabolism. The defensive strategies used by bacteria to ameliorate the toxic effects of lead comprise biosorption, efflux, production of metal chelators like siderophores and metallothioneins and synthesis of exopolysaccharides, extracellular sequestration and intracellular bioaccumulation. Lead remediation technologies by employing microbes may appear as potential advantageous alternatives to the conventional physical and chemical means due to specificity, suitability for applying in situ condition and feasibility to upgrade by genetic engineering. Developing strategies by designing transgenic bacterial strain having specific metal binding properties and metal chelating proteins or higher metal adsorption ability and using bacterial activity such as incorporating plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria for improved Pb resistance, exopolysaccharide and siderophores and metallothionein-mediated immobilization may prove highly effective for formulating bioremediation vis-a-vis phytoremediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Mitra
- Bankura Christian College, Bankura, West Bengal, 722101, India
| | - Soumya Chatterjee
- Defence Research Laboratory, DRDO, Post Bag No. 02, Tezpur, Assam, 784001, India
| | - Sampriti Kataki
- Defence Research Laboratory, DRDO, Post Bag No. 02, Tezpur, Assam, 784001, India
| | - Rajesh P Rastogi
- Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Indira Paryavaran Bhawan, Aliganj, Jorbagh Road, New Delhi, 110003, India
| | - Dharmendra K Gupta
- Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Indira Paryavaran Bhawan, Aliganj, Jorbagh Road, New Delhi, 110003, India.
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17
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Dobrikova AG, Apostolova EL, Hanć A, Yotsova E, Borisova P, Sperdouli I, Adamakis IDS, Moustakas M. Cadmium toxicity in Salvia sclarea L.: An integrative response of element uptake, oxidative stress markers, leaf structure and photosynthesis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111851. [PMID: 33421673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The herbal plant Salvia sclarea L. (clary sage) is classified to cadmium (Cd) accumulators and considered as a potential plant for phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soil. However, the effect of Cd only treatment on the function of the photosynthetic apparatus of S. sclarea, as well as the mechanisms involved in Cd tolerance have not yet been studied in detail. This study was conducted to examine the integrative responses of S. sclarea plants exposed to a high Cd supply (100 µM) for 3 and 8 days by investigating element nutrient uptake, oxidative stress markers, pigment composition, photosynthetic performance and leaf structure. Measurements of the functional activities of photosystem I (PSI, by P700 photooxidation), photosystem II (PSII, by chlorophyll fluorescence parameters), the oxygen-evolving complex (oxygen evolution by Joliot- and Clark-type electrodes), as well as the leaf pigment and phenolic contents, were used to evaluate the protective mechanisms of the photosynthetic apparatus under Cd stress. Data suggested that the molecular mechanisms included in the photosynthetic tolerance to Cd toxicity involve strongly increased phenolic and anthocyanin contents, as well as an increased non-photochemical quenching and accelerated cyclic electron transport around PSI up to 61%, which protect the function of the photosynthetic apparatus under stress. Furthermore, the tolerance of S. sclarea to Cd stress is also associated with increased accumulation of Fe in leaves by 25%. All the above, clearly suggest that S. sclarea plants employ several different mechanisms to protect the function of the photosynthetic apparatus against Cd stress, which are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anelia G Dobrikova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Emilia L Apostolova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anetta Hanć
- Department of Trace Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ekaterina Yotsova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Preslava Borisova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ilektra Sperdouli
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-Demeter, Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Michael Moustakas
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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18
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Garau M, Castaldi P, Patteri G, Roggero PP, Garau G. Evaluation of Cynara cardunculus L. and municipal solid waste compost for aided phytoremediation of multi potentially toxic element-contaminated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:3253-3265. [PMID: 32910403 PMCID: PMC7788029 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10687-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The suitability for aided phytoremediation of Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis and municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) applied at 2% and 4 % rates was evaluated in a multi potentially toxic element (PTE)-contaminated mining soil (Pb ~ 15,383 mg kg-1, Zn ~ 4076 mg kg-1, As ~ 49 mg kg-1, Cd ~ 67 mg kg-1, Cu ~ 181 mg kg-1, and Sb ~ 109 mg kg-1). The growth of C. cardunculus significantly increased with compost amendment and followed the order: MSWC-4% > MSWC-2% > Control. PTE concentrations in the roots of plants grown on amended soils decreased compared with control plants (i.e., less than ~ 82, 94, and 88% for Pb, Zn, and Cd respectively). PTE translocation from roots to shoots depended on both PTE and amendment rate but values were generally low (i.e., < 1). However, PTE mineralomasses were always higher for plants grown on MSWC-amended soils because of their higher biomass production, which favored an overall PTE bioaccumulation in roots and shoots. After plant growth, labile As and Sb increased in amended soils, while labile Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd significantly decreased. Likewise, dehydrogenase and urease activities increased significantly in planted soils amended with MSWC. Also, the potential metabolic activity and the catabolic versatility of soil microbial communities significantly increased in planted soils amended with MSWC. Overall, our results indicate that C. cardunculus and MSWC can be effective resources for the aided phytoremediation of multi PTE-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Garau
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Paola Castaldi
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Patteri
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Roggero
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100, Sassari, Italy
- Nucleo di Ricerca sulla Desertificazione, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Garau
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
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19
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Adamakis IDS, Sperdouli I, Hanć A, Dobrikova A, Apostolova E, Moustakas M. Rapid Hormetic Responses of Photosystem II Photochemistry of Clary Sage to Cadmium Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E41. [PMID: 33375193 PMCID: PMC7793146 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Five-day exposure of clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.) to 100 μM cadmium (Cd) in hydroponics was sufficient to increase Cd concentrations significantly in roots and aboveground parts and affect negatively whole plant levels of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), since Cd competes for Ca channels, while reduced Mg concentrations are associated with increased Cd tolerance. Total zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) uptake increased but their translocation to the aboveground parts decreased. Despite the substantial levels of Cd in leaves, without any observed defects on chloroplast ultrastructure, an enhanced photosystem II (PSII) efficiency was observed, with a higher fraction of absorbed light energy to be directed to photochemistry (ΦPSΙΙ). The concomitant increase in the photoprotective mechanism of non-photochemical quenching of photosynthesis (NPQ) resulted in an important decrease in the dissipated non-regulated energy (ΦNO), modifying the homeostasis of reactive oxygen species (ROS), through a decreased singlet oxygen (1O2) formation. A basal ROS level was detected in control plant leaves for optimal growth, while a low increased level of ROS under 5 days Cd exposure seemed to be beneficial for triggering defense responses, and a high level of ROS out of the boundaries (8 days Cd exposure), was harmful to plants. Thus, when clary sage was exposed to Cd for a short period, tolerance mechanisms were triggered. However, exposure to a combination of Cd and high light or to Cd alone (8 days) resulted in an inhibition of PSII functionality, indicating Cd toxicity. Thus, the rapid activation of PSII functionality at short time exposure and the inhibition at longer duration suggests a hormetic response and describes these effects in terms of "adaptive response" and "toxicity", respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilektra Sperdouli
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—Demeter, Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Anetta Hanć
- Department of Trace Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Anelia Dobrikova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.D.); (E.A.)
| | - Emilia Apostolova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.D.); (E.A.)
| | - Michael Moustakas
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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20
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Ribeiro PG, Martins GC, Moreira CG, de Oliveira C, Andrade MLDC, Sales TS, Chagas WFT, Labory CRG, de Carvalho TS, Guilherme LRG. Interactions of cadmium and zinc in high zinc tolerant native species Andropogon gayanus cultivated in hydroponics: growth endpoints, metal bioaccumulation, and ultrastructural analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:45513-45526. [PMID: 32794095 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10183-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) toxicity causes physiological disorders and harms plants, interfering with the rehabilitation of areas affected by mining activities. This study evaluated how the exposure to Zn and/or Cd affects the growth of native andropogon grass (Andropogon gayanus Kunth) plants originally found in areas contaminated with Cd and/or Zn due to zinc mining activities. Plants were cultivated for 7 weeks in a nutrient solution treated with Zn (142.3-854.0 μM) or Cd (0.9-13.3 μM) separately or combined with a molar ratio of 64:1 (Zn:Cd). A control treatment was grown in a complete Hoagland and Arnon solution (without Cd). Plant height, stem diameter, internode length, dry weight, Cd and Zn concentration, and accumulation in shoots/roots, as well as ultrastructure of roots and leaves were analyzed at the end of the experiment. The root dry weight was not significantly affected by the addition of the metals. Moreover, Zn provided higher shoot dry weight (up to 160%) relative to control. Andropogon grass tolerated both metals better separately than when applied together. Transmission electron microscopy analyses showed modifications such as vesiculation and vacuolation in the ultrastructure of andropogon tissues by Cd and/or Zn. The andropogon grass was tolerant to the doses tested, evidencing that it has potential for recovering areas contaminated with Zn and/or Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Godinho Ribeiro
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Caixeta Martins
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Rua Boaventura da Silva, 955, Belém, Pará, 66055-090, Brazil
| | | | - Cynthia de Oliveira
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Thais Silva Sales
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Agriculture, Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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21
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Yotsova E, Dobrikova A, Stefanov M, Misheva S, Bardáčová M, Matušíková I, Žideková L, Blehová A, Apostolova E. Effects of cadmium on two wheat cultivars depending on different nitrogen supply. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 155:789-799. [PMID: 32877878 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution as well as improper fertilization management represent serious threats to a clean environment and healthy food. This study was conducted to investigate how nitrogen supply influences a plant's ability to cope with cadmium stress in the two wheat cultivars - the modern cv. Katya (carrier of the semi-dwarfing gene Rht8) and the old cv. Slomer. Here we examined the effects of 100 μM CdCl2 on both wheat genotypes grown hydroponically under three different nutrition regimes of 5.5, 10 and 20 mM NO3- by investigating plant growth, pigment content and the functional activity of the photosynthetic apparatus through a combination of PAM chlorophyll fluorescence, P700 photooxidation, oxygen evolution and oxidative stress markers. Data showed that the different genetic background affects the different strategies for metal uptake and allocation, as well as abilities to deal with oxidative stress. The modern cv. Katya restricts the entry of the metal to the roots, but allows its translocation to the shoots. Nevertheless, the photosynthetic performance indicated better protection, possibly mediated by the Rht8 allele. In contrast, the old cv. Slomer tolerates higher cadmium levels in roots and possesses efficient barriers against its transfer to the shoots, but still showed more impaired photosynthetic activity. In general, the impact of cadmium on the photosynthetic apparatus was most deleterious under the lowest nitrogen concentration which was applied, while the highest nitrogen supply alleviated the negative effects of cadmium. The data suggest that the modern breeding allele (Rht8), as well as a better nutrition might contribute to the tolerance to heavy metal stress in the wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Yotsova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anelia Dobrikova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Martin Stefanov
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Svetlana Misheva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Science, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Monika Bardáčová
- University of SS. Cyril and Methodius, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Ecochemistry and Radioecology, Námestie J. Herdu 2, Trnava, SK-917 01, Slovak Republic
| | - Ildikó Matušíková
- University of SS. Cyril and Methodius, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Ecochemistry and Radioecology, Námestie J. Herdu 2, Trnava, SK-917 01, Slovak Republic
| | - Laura Žideková
- University of SS. Cyril and Methodius, Department of Biochemistry, Námestie J. Herdu 2, Trnava, SK-917 01, Slovak Republic
| | - Alžbeta Blehová
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Plant Physiology, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina, 84 215, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Emilia Apostolova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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22
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Huang X, Zhu F, He Z, Chen X, Wang G, Liu M, Xu H. Photosynthesis Performance and Antioxidative Enzymes Response of Melia azedarach and Ligustrum lucidum Plants Under Pb-Zn Mine Tailing Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:571157. [PMID: 33042188 PMCID: PMC7522552 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.571157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lead-zinc (Pb-Zn) mine tailings pose a great risk to the natural environment and human health because of their high toxicity. In this study, the responses of photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, and antioxidative enzyme of Melia azedarach and Ligustrum lucidum in the soil contaminated by Pb-Zn mine tailings were investigated. Results showed that Pb-Zn mine tailings significantly reduced net photosynthetic rates and leaf photosynthetic pigment content of both trees, and the reduction of net photosynthetic rates was mainly caused by their biochemical limitation (BL). The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters from Pb-Zn tailing stressed leaves indicated that Pb-Zn tailings affected PSII activity which was evident from the change values of energy fluxes per reaction center (RC): probability that an electron moves further than QA - (ETO/TRO), maximum quantum yield for primary photochemistry (TRO/ABS), the density of PSII RC per excited cross-section (RC/CSO), the absorption of antenna chlorophylls per PSII RC (ABS/RC), and the turnover number of QA reduction events (N). Pb-Zn mine tailings also affected the oxidation and reduction of PSI, which resulted in a great increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents and then stimulated the rate of lipid peroxidation. Both trees exhibited certain antioxidative defense mechanisms as elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) activities, then declined under high level of Pb-Zn tailing treatment. Comparatively, L. lucidum showed less extent effect on photosynthesis and higher antioxidative enzyme activities than M. azedarach; thus L. lucidum was more tolerant than M. azedarach at least under the described Pb-Zn tailing treatment. These results indicate that the effect of Pb-Zn mine tailings on photosynthesis performance mainly related to imbalance of the PSII activity and PSI redox state in both trees. We propose that M. azedarach and L. lucidum could relieve the oxidative stress for phytoremediation under the appropriate Pb-Zn mine tailing content.
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Affiliation(s)
- XinHao Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Fan Zhu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - ZhiXiang He
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - XiaoYong Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- College of Arts and Sciences, Governors State University, University Park, IL, United States
| | - GuangJun Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - MengShan Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - HongYang Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
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23
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Luo J, Cao M, Zhang C, Wu J, Gu XWS. The influence of light combination on the physicochemical characteristics and enzymatic activity of soil with multi-metal pollution in phytoremediation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 393:122406. [PMID: 32172059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Light irradiation with suitable quality and intensity could influence the success of phytoremediation by improving the biomass yield of plants. However, mechanisms involved in this influence on the contaminant accumulation and translocation ability of plants have rarely been studied. Five light combinations with different red (R) and blue (B) ratios (0, 10, 50, 75 and 100 % blue) at the same intensity (220 μmol m-2 s-1) were used to assist phytoremediation using Noccaea caerulescens, and the change in physicochemical characteristics and enzymatic activities of soils after phytoremediation were evaluated. Compared with the control, the light combinations and monochromic blue light significantly increased the activities of soil ureases, invertases, and phosphatases, whereas monochromic red light strongly inhibited the activities of these enzymes, because different light irradiations altered the formation and excretion of carbohydrates from plants for soil microorganism consumption. Plants under B50R50 treatment accumulated the highest concentrations of metals, but their chlorophyll concentrations and lipid peroxidation were similar to those other species with lower metal concentrations. Hence, light with a proper blue/red ratio can simultaneously improve the physicochemical characteristics and enzymatic activities of soils, increase the metal uptake capacity and oxidation resistance of plants, and reduce the leaching risk during phytoremediation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- KLETOR Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Min Cao
- University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Chunming Zhang
- KLETOR Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Wu
- China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - X W Sophie Gu
- The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Victoria, Australia
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24
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Velikova V, Arena C, Izzo LG, Tsonev T, Koleva D, Tattini M, Roeva O, De Maio A, Loreto F. Functional and Structural Leaf Plasticity Determine Photosynthetic Performances during Drought Stress and Recovery in Two Platanus orientalis Populations from Contrasting Habitats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3912. [PMID: 32486179 PMCID: PMC7312932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of climatic change, more severe and long-lasting droughts will modify the fitness of plants, with potentially worse consequences on the relict trees. We have investigated the leaf phenotypic (anatomical, physiological and biochemical) plasticity in well-watered, drought-stressed and re-watered plants of two populations of Platanus orientalis, an endangered species in the west of the Mediterranean area. The two populations originated in contrasting climate (drier and warmer, Italy (IT) population; more humid and colder, Bulgaria (BG) population). The IT control plants had thicker leaves, enabling them to maintain higher leaf water content in the dry environment, and more spongy parenchyma, which could improve water conductivity of these plants and may result in easier CO2 diffusion than in BG plants. Control BG plants were also characterized by higher photorespiration and leaf antioxidants compared to IT plants. BG plants responded to drought with greater leaf thickness shrinkage. Drought also caused substantial reduction in photosynthetic parameters of both IT and BG plants. After re-watering, photosynthesis did not fully recover in either of the two populations. However, IT leaves became thicker, while photorespiration in BG plants further increased, perhaps indicating sustained activation of defensive mechanisms. Overall, our hypothesis, that plants with a fragmented habitat (i.e., the IT population) lose phenotypic plasticity but acquire traits allowing better resistance to the climate where they became adapted, remains confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Velikova
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. bl. 21, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Carmen Arena
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Luigi Gennaro Izzo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Tsonko Tsonev
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; (T.T.); (O.R.)
| | | | - Massimiliano Tattini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy;
| | - Olympia Roeva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; (T.T.); (O.R.)
| | - Anna De Maio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 00185 Rome, Italy
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Docimo T, De Stefano R, Cappetta E, Piccinelli AL, Celano R, De Palma M, Tucci M. Physiological, Biochemical, and Metabolic Responses to Short and Prolonged Saline Stress in Two Cultivated Cardoon Genotypes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E554. [PMID: 32349234 PMCID: PMC7284779 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cultivated cardoon is a multipurpose crop with adaptability to limiting environments. Two genotypes ("Bianco Avorio" and "Spagnolo") were comparatively characterized in response to short and prolonged 100 mM NaCl stress in hydroponics. Salt induced no growth variations between genotypes or symptoms of NaCl toxicity, but boosted ABA accumulation in roots and leaves. Both genotypes had high constitutive phenol content, whose major components were depleted upon 2 days of stress only in "Bianco Avorio". Prolonged stress stimulated accumulation of proline, phenylpropanoids, and related transcripts, and non-enzymatic antioxidant activity. Decreased antioxidant enzymes activities upon short stress did not occur for APX in "Spagnolo", indicating a stronger impairment of enzymatic defenses in "Bianco Avorio". Nonetheless, H2O2 and lipid peroxidation did not increase under short and prolonged stress in both genotypes. Overall, the two genotypes appear to share similar defense mechanisms but, in the short term, "Bianco Avorio" depends mainly on non-enzymatic antioxidant phenylpropanoids for ROS scavenging, while "Spagnolo" maintains a larger arsenal of defenses. Upon prolonged stress, proline could have contributed to protection of metabolic functions in both genotypes. Our results provide cues that can be exploited for cardoon genetic improvement and highlight genotypic differences for breeding salinity tolerant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Docimo
- Institute of Bioscience and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Rosalba De Stefano
- Institute of Bioscience and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Elisa Cappetta
- Institute of Bioscience and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Piccinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Rita Celano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Monica De Palma
- Institute of Bioscience and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Marina Tucci
- Institute of Bioscience and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
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26
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Arena C, Conti S, Francesca S, Melchionna G, Hájek J, Barták M, Barone A, Rigano MM. Eco-Physiological Screening of Different Tomato Genotypes in Response to High Temperatures: A Combined Field-to-Laboratory Approach. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9040508. [PMID: 32326566 PMCID: PMC7238220 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High temperatures represent a limitation for growth and development of many crop species. Several studies have demonstrated that the yield reduction of tomato under high temperatures and drought is mainly due to a photosynthetic decline. In this paper, a set of 15 tomato genotypes were screened for tolerance to elevated temperatures by cultivating plants under plastic walk-in tunnels. To assess the potential tolerance of tomato genotypes to high temperatures, measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence, pigments content and leaf functional traits have been carried out together with the evaluation of the final yields. Based on the greenhouse trials, a group of eight putative heat-sensitive and heat-tolerant tomato genotypes was selected for laboratory experiments aimed at investigating the effects of short-term high temperatures treatments in controlled conditions. The chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics were recorded on detached leaves treated for 60 min at 35 °C or at 45 °C. The last treatment significantly affected the photosystem II (PSII) photochemical efficiency (namely maximum PSII quantum efficiency, Fv/Fm, and quantum yield of PSII electron transport, ΦPSII) and the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) in the majority of genotypes. The short-term heat shock treatments also led to significant differences in the shape of the slow Kautsky kinetics and its significant time points (chlorophyll fluorescence levels minimum O, peak P, semi-steady state S, maximum M, terminal steady state T) compared to the control, demonstrating heat shock-induced changes in PSII functionality. Genotypes potentially tolerant to high temperatures have been identified. Our findings support the idea that chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (i.e., ΦPSII or NPQ) and some leaf functional traits may be used as a tool to detect high temperatures-tolerant tomato cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Arena
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Stefano Conti
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy; (S.C.); (S.F.); (G.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Silvana Francesca
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy; (S.C.); (S.F.); (G.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Melchionna
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy; (S.C.); (S.F.); (G.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Josef Hájek
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, University Campus Bohunice, Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Miloš Barták
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, University Campus Bohunice, Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Amalia Barone
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy; (S.C.); (S.F.); (G.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Maria Manuela Rigano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy; (S.C.); (S.F.); (G.M.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +0039-0812-532125
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27
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Zhang J, Qian Y, Chen Z, Amee M, Niu H, Du D, Yao J, Chen K, Chen L, Sun J. Lead-induced oxidative stress triggers root cell wall remodeling and increases lead absorption through esterification of cell wall polysaccharide. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 385:121524. [PMID: 31699479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb) shows remarkable tolerance to lead (Pb), but the mechanisms involved in metal tolerance are not yet well understood. Here, tall fescue were firstly cultivated hydroponically with Pb2+ (0, 50, 200 and 1000 mg/L) for 14 days. The results showed that remodeling of root architecture plays important roles in tolerance of tall fescue to Pb2+ stress. Increased cell wall (CW) components contribute to restrict high amount of Pb2+ in roots. Additionally, the uronic acid contents of pectin, hemicellulose 1 (HC1) and hemicellulose 2 (HC2) increased under Pb2+ stress. We further observed that tall fescue cultivated with H2O2 showed similar remodeling of root architecture as Pb2+ treatment. Furthermore, pectin, HC1 and HC2 fractions were sequentially extracted from 0 and 10 mM H2O2 treated roots, and Pb2+ adsorption capacity and contents of carboxyl groups of pectin and HC2 fractions were steadily increased under H2O2 treatment in vitro. Our results suggest that degrees of esterification of pectin and HC2 are regulated by H2O2. High amount of low-esterified pectin and HC2 offer more carboxyl groups, provide more Pb2+ binding sites, and restrict more Pb2+ in the CW, which may enhance tolerance of tall fescue to Pb2+ stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yiguang Qian
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecological Remediation, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Zhongbing Chen
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maurice Amee
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hong Niu
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Dongyun Du
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jun Yao
- School of Water Resources & Environment, China University of Geosciences Beijing, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ke Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Jie Sun
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China.
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28
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Capozzi F, Sorrentino MC, Caporale AG, Fiorentino N, Giordano S, Spagnuolo V. Exploring the phytoremediation potential of Cynara cardunculus: a trial on an industrial soil highly contaminated by heavy metals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:9075-9084. [PMID: 31912390 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07575-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metal uptake capacity and growth patterns of three cardoon cultivars (Sardo, Siciliano, and Spagnolo) were investigated for phytoremediation in a metal-contaminated soil. Metal concentrations after one and two growth rounds were measured in soil and plants by ICP-MS. Potentially and promptly available metal fractions were estimated by EDTA and ammonium nitrate. Plant weight, water and nitrogen content, and life span were considered as growth parameters. After the first growth cycle, a significant accumulation of all elements was observed in roots, whereas only Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Sb were significantly translocated to the shoots. After the second growth cycle, a further significant increase, especially in roots, was observed in all cultivars and for all elements considered. High percentages of the potentially available fraction were found for As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Sb. Metal concentrations in plants were far higher than the promptly available fraction, indicating an increase of metal bioavailability during culture rounds. A severe decrease of weight and life span was observed in Sardo and Siciliano grown on polluted soil, along with an increase in N content. The cultivar Spagnolo, harmonizing a high ability of metal uptake and tolerance, proved the most efficient cultivar in metal phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiore Capozzi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Cinthia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Sorrentino
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Cinthia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Giandonato Caporale
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Nunzio Fiorentino
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Simonetta Giordano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Cinthia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Valeria Spagnuolo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Cinthia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy
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29
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Luo J, He W, Qi S, Wu J, Gu XS. A novel phytoremediation method assisted by magnetized water to decontaminate soil Cd based on harvesting senescent and dead leaves of Festuca arundinacea. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 383:121115. [PMID: 31525682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It is more economical and feasible to harvest above-ground plant tissues, especially leaves, than to uproot the entire plant during phytoremediation. The major goal of this study is to estimate the promoting effect of an external magnetic field on soil Cadmium (Cd) remediation efficiency by harvesting the leaves of Festuca arundinacea, irrigated by normal and magnetized water. Changes in the amount of emerging, mature, senescent, and dead leaves, as well as Cd concentrations in the corresponding tissues were compared. It was found that F. arundinacea irrigated by either kind of water accumulated significantly more Cd in senescent and dead leaves than in other tissues. After irrigation with magnetized water, the biomass of senescent and dead leaves increased from 15.7 and 6.4% to 17.2 and 11.6%, respectively, and a significantly higher amount of Cd (˜23.6%) was redistributed into dead leaves compared with the control. Thus, significantly more Cd was removed by harvesting the senescent and dead leaves of F. arundinacea. These results indicate that magnetic fields can increase the phytoremediation efficiency of F. arundinacea for Cd, and simultaneously reduce the cost of harvested residue disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China.
| | - Wenxiang He
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
| | - Shihua Qi
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jian Wu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaowen Sophie Gu
- School of Botany, University of Melbourne, 3010, Victoria, Australia
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30
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Sozoniuk M, Nowak M, Dudziak K, Bulak P, Leśniowska-Nowak J, Kowalczyk K. Antioxidative system response of pedunculate oak ( Quercus robur L.) seedlings to Cd exposure. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 25:1377-1384. [PMID: 31736541 PMCID: PMC6825056 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-019-00712-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.), along with other tree species, for the afforestation of heavy metal contaminated lands is an attractive prospect. Little, however, is known of Q. robur tolerance and its antioxidative system response to heavy metal exposure. The main objective of the study was to determine the cadmium-induced changes in antioxidative system of pedunculate oak in an attempt to identify molecular mechanisms underlying Cd tolerance. This may be of great importance in respect of using Q. robur for phytoremediation purposes. As the response of the antioxidative system to heavy metal contamination can vary within species, the research was conducted on oak seedlings from two different regions of origin. Differences in antioxidative system response of seedlings derived from tested regions of origin were noticed both at the transcript and enzyme activity levels. The obtained results indicate that ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC 1.11.1.11) and superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1) play a first barrier role in oak seedlings response to the oxidative stress caused by Cd exposure. Catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6) is involved in reducing the negative effects of prolonged Cd treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Sozoniuk
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15 St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Nowak
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15 St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina Dudziak
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15 St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1 St., 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Bulak
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doswiadczalna 4 St., 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Leśniowska-Nowak
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15 St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kowalczyk
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15 St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
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31
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Motta CM, Simoniello P, Arena C, Capriello T, Panzuto R, Vitale E, Agnisola C, Tizzano M, Avallone B, Ferrandino I. Effects of four food dyes on development of three model species, Cucumis sativus, Artemia salina and Danio rerio: Assessment of potential risk for the environment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 253:1126-1135. [PMID: 31434190 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Food dyes, or color additives, are chemicals added to industrial food products and in domestic cooking to improve the perceived flavor and attractiveness. Of natural and synthetic origin, their safety has been long discussed, and concern for human safety is now clearly manifested by warnings added on products labels. Limited attention, however, has been dedicated to the effects of these compounds on aquatic flora and fauna. For this reason, the toxicity of four different commercially available food dyes (cochineal red E120, Ponceau red E124, tartrazine yellow E102 and blue Patent E131) was assessed on three different model organisms, namely Cucumis sativus, Artemia salina and Danio rerio that occupy diverse positions in the trophic pyramid. The evidence collected indicates that food dyes may target several organs and functions, depending on the species. C. sativus rate of germination was increased by E102, while root/shoot ratio was ∼20% reduced by E102, E120 and E124, seed total chlorophylls and carotenoids were 15-20% increased by E120 and 131, and total antioxidant activity was ∼25% reduced by all dyes. Mortality and low mobility of A. salina nauplii were increased by up to 50% in presence of E124, E102 and E131, while the nauplii phototactic response was significantly altered by E102, E120 and E124. Two to four-fold increases in the hatching percentages at 48 h were induced by E124, E102 and E131 on D. rerio, associated with the occurrence of 20% of embryos showing developmental defects. These results demonstrated that the food dyes examined are far from being safe for the aquatic organisms as well as land organisms exposed during watering with contaminated water. The overall information obtained gives a realistic snapshot of the potential pollution risk exerted by food dyes and of the different organism' ability to overcome the stress induced by contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Palma Simoniello
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy.
| | - Carmen Arena
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Teresa Capriello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Panzuto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Claudio Agnisola
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Monica Tizzano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Bice Avallone
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Ida Ferrandino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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Rusinowski S, Krzyżak J, Sitko K, Kalaji HM, Jensen E, Pogrzeba M. Cultivation of C4 perennial energy grasses on heavy metal contaminated arable land: Impact on soil, biomass, and photosynthetic traits. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 250:300-311. [PMID: 31003142 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of three C4 perennial grasses (Miscanthus x giganteus, Panicum virgatum and Spartina pectinata) for biomass production on arable land unsuitable for food crop cultivation due to Pb, Cd and Zn contamination. We assessed soil properties, biomass yield, metal concentrations, and the photosynthetic performance of each species. Physico-chemical and elemental analyses were performed on soil samples before plantation establishment (2014) and after three years of cultivation (2016), when leaf area index, plant height, yield and heavy metal content of biomass were also determined. Physiological measurements (gas exchange, pigment content, chlorophyll a fluorescence) were recorded monthly between June and September on mature plants in 2016. Cultivation of investigated plants resulted in increased pH, nitrogen, and organic matter (OM) content in soil, although OM increase (13%) was significant only for S. pectinata plots. During the most productive months, maximal quantum yield values of primary photochemistry (Fv/Fm) and gas exchange parameter values reflected literature data of those plants grown on uncontaminated sites. Biomass yields of M. x giganteus (15.0 ± 0.4 t d.m. ha-1) and S. pectinata (12.6 ± 1.2 t d.m. ha-1) were also equivalent to data published from uncontaminated land. P. virgatum performed poorly (4.1 ± 0.4 t d.m. ha-1), probably due to unfavourable climatic conditions, although metal uptake in this species was the highest (3.6 times that of M. x giganteus for Pb). Yield and physiological measurements indicated that M. x giganteus and S. pectinata were unaffected by the levels of contamination and therefore offer alternatives for areas where food production is prohibited. The broad cultivatable latitudinal range of these species suggests these results are widely relevant for development of the bioeconomy. We recommend multi-location trials under diverse contaminant and environmental regimes to determine the full potential of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rusinowski
- Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, 6 Kossutha Street, 40-844, Katowice, Poland
| | - J Krzyżak
- Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, 6 Kossutha Street, 40-844, Katowice, Poland
| | - K Sitko
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 28 Jagiellońska Street, 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| | - H M Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Jensen
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales, SY23 3EB, UK
| | - M Pogrzeba
- Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, 6 Kossutha Street, 40-844, Katowice, Poland.
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Luo J, He W, Yang D, Wu J, Sophie Gu XW. Magnetic field enhance decontamination efficiency of Noccaea caerulescens and reduce leaching of non-hyperaccumulated metals. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 368:141-148. [PMID: 30669038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hyperaccumulators can accumulate high amounts of specific metals and have been widely used to remediate metal polluted soil. However, organic acid secretion and soil acidification (two important mechanisms for hyperaccumulators to mobilize and extract metals) can also activate non-hyperaccumulated metals and then increase the leaching risk. The decontamination efficiency and leaching risk of using Noccaea caerulescens (formerly Thlaspi caerulescens) and Thlaspi arvense were compared in the present study. Although N. caerulescens accumulated significantly more Cd and Zn than T. arvense, it increased the leaching risk of Pb and Cu as well. Under magnetic fields of 30, 60, 120 and 150 mT, the biomass production of N. caerulescens was increased by 18.5, 48.9, 80.4, and 29.3% respectively, but decreased by 21.7% under 400 mT. Comparing with the control, plants raised from seeds pre-treated by magnetic fields accumulated 37.8-250.1% more metals and reduced the leachate volume and leached metals by 1.1-32.9% and 4.6-48.1% respectively. Considering remediation efficiency, environmental risk alleviation and energy consumption, N. caerulescens treated by 120 mT magnetic field is suited to remediate multi-metal polluted soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- KLETOR Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Wenxiang He
- KLETOR Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Yang
- China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jian Wu
- China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - X W Sophie Gu
- The University of Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Victoria, Australia
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Carillo P, Arena C, Modarelli GC, De Pascale S, Paradiso R. Photosynthesis in Ranunculus asiaticus L.: The Influence of the Hybrid and the Preparation Procedure of Tuberous Roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:241. [PMID: 30915088 PMCID: PMC6423076 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Ranunculus asiaticus L. is a quantitative long-day geophyte, grown in a cold greenhouse for cut flowers and potted plants. Flowering in ranunculus is a complex process, strongly steered by temperature and photoperiodism. Vernalization of rehydrated tuberous roots anticipate sprouting and leaf rosette formation and flowering. It is known that the time for flowering and the sensitivity to cold treatment, in terms of flowering anticipation, varies in numerous hybrids, while no information seems to be available on the influence of hybrids and on the vernalization on the photosynthetic process and primary metabolite profiling. We investigated the influence of two ranunculus hybrids, MDR and MBO, and two preparation procedures of tuberous roots, only rehydration (Control, C) and rehydration followed by vernalization (V), on the photosynthesis and photochemistry of plants grown in a climatic chamber, under a controlled environment. In addition, in MBO plants, in which the vernalization showed the main effects, carbohydrate, amino acid and protein levels were also investigated. In control plants, the response of leaf photosynthesis, to increasing white light, revealed higher photosynthetic activity in MDR than in MBO. The quantum yield of PSII (ϕPSII), electron transport rate (ETR) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) did not differ between the two hybrids. The maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) was higher in MBO than in MDR and showed a decrease in both hybrids after vernalization. The preparation treatment of propagation material affected the light response of photosynthesis in the two hybrids differently, which increased in plants from vernalized tuberous roots, compared to those from only rehydrated in MBO and decreased in MDR, in accordance to the effects of vernalization observed in leaf photosynthetic pigments. In MBO vernalized tuberous roots, starch was rapidly degraded, and the carbon skeletons used to synthesize amino acids. Control plants of MBO, developed more leaves than those of MDR and a consequent larger plant leaf area. Compared to only rehydration, vernalization of rehydrated tuberous roots increased the plant leaf area in both the hybrids. Compared to the control, vernalized tuberous roots of MBO showed higher concentrations of sucrose and free amino acids, which could act as a long-distance signal promoting floral transition in young leaf primordia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petronia Carillo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Carmen Arena
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Stefania De Pascale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Paradiso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Morpho-Physiological and Proteomic Analyses of Eucalyptus camaldulensis as a Bioremediator in Copper-Polluted Soil in Saudi Arabia. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8020043. [PMID: 30781434 PMCID: PMC6409862 DOI: 10.3390/plants8020043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation aimed to assess the impact of copper (Cu) stress on the physiological and proteomic behavior of Eucalyptus camaldulensis.E. camaldulensis is likely a potential phytoremediator in areas vulnerable to Cu contamination, such as the industrial areas of Riyadh. To realize this objective, young seedlings of E. camaldulensis were potted in an open area with soil comprised of clay and sand. Different doses of Cu (30, 50, and 100 µM) were applied to the plants as CuSO4·5H2O for 6 weeks. Plant growth was monitored during the Cu exposure period, and morphological and physiological indicators were measured once a week to determine the growth rates. A proteomics study was also conducted to find out the influence of Cu stress on proteins. Our results showed that growth was negatively affected by Cu treatment, particularly at the highest concentrations. Moreover, using a proteomic analysis showed 26 targets involved in protein expression. Elevated levels of Cu increased the expression of 11 proteins and decreased the expression of 15 proteins. Changes were detected in proteins involved in photosynthesis, translation, transcription, metabolism, and antioxidant enzymes. Our findings provided insights into the molecular mechanisms related to Cu stress, in addition to its influence on the morphological and physiological attributes of E. camaldulensis seedlings. This investigation aimed to characterize the mechanism behind the impact of Cu stress on the plant.
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36
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Figlioli F, Sorrentino MC, Memoli V, Arena C, Maisto G, Giordano S, Capozzi F, Spagnuolo V. Overall plant responses to Cd and Pb metal stress in maize: Growth pattern, ultrastructure, and photosynthetic activity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:1781-1790. [PMID: 30456613 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3743-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This study provides a full description of the responses of the crop energy plant Zea mays to stress induced by Cd and Pb, in view of a possible extensive use in phytoattenuation of metal-polluted soils. In this perspective, (i) the uptake capability in root and shoot, (ii) the changes in growth pattern and cytological traits, and (iii) the photosynthetic efficiency based on photochemistry and the level of key proteins were investigated in hydroponic cultures. Both metals were uptaken by maize, with a translocation factor higher for Cd than Pb, but only Cd-treated plants showed a reduced growth compared to control (i.e., a lower leaf number and a reduced plant height), with a biomass loss up to 40%, at the highest concentration of metal (10-3 M). The observation of cytological traits highlighted ultrastructural damages in the chloroplasts of Cd-treated plants. A decline of Rubisco and D1 was observed in plants under Cd stress, while a relevant increase of the same proteins was found in Pb-treated plants, along with an increase of chlorophyll content. Fluorescent emission measurements indicated that both metals induced an increase of NPQ, but only Cd at the highest concentration determined a significant decline of Fv/Fm. These results indicate a different response of Z. mays to individual metals, with Pb triggering a compensative response and Cd inducing severe morpho-physiological alterations at all investigated levels. Therefore, Z. mays could be successfully exploited in phytoattenuation of Pb-polluted soil, but only at very low concentrations of Cd to avoid severe plant damages and biomass loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Figlioli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Sorrentino
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Memoli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Arena
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Maisto
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Simonetta Giordano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Fiore Capozzi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Valeria Spagnuolo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
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Suman J, Uhlik O, Viktorova J, Macek T. Phytoextraction of Heavy Metals: A Promising Tool for Clean-Up of Polluted Environment? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1476. [PMID: 30459775 PMCID: PMC6232834 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Pollution by heavy metals (HM) represents a serious threat for both the environment and human health. Due to their elemental character, HM cannot be chemically degraded, and their detoxification in the environment mostly resides either in stabilization in situ or in their removal from the matrix, e.g., soil. For this purpose, phytoremediation, i.e., the application of plants for the restoration of a polluted environment, has been proposed as a promising green alternative to traditional physical and chemical methods. Among the phytoremediation techniques, phytoextraction refers to the removal of HM from the matrix through their uptake by a plant. It possesses considerable advantages over traditional techniques, especially due to its cost effectiveness, potential treatment of multiple HM simultaneously, no need for the excavation of contaminated soil, good acceptance by the public, the possibility of follow-up processing of the biomass produced, etc. In this review, we focused on three basic HM phytoextraction strategies that differ in the type of plant species being employed: natural hyperaccumulators, fast-growing plant species with high-biomass production and, potentially, plants genetically engineered toward a phenotype that favors efficient HM uptake and boosted HM tolerance. Considerable knowledge on the applicability of plants for HM phytoextraction has been gathered to date from both lab-scale studies performed under controlled model conditions and field trials using real environmental conditions. Based on this knowledge, many specific applications of plants for the remediation of HM-polluted soils have been proposed. Such studies often also include suggestions for the further processing of HM-contaminated biomass, therefore providing an added economical value. Based on the examples presented here, we recommend that intensive research be performed on the selection of appropriate plant taxa for various sets of conditions, environmental risk assessment, the fate of HM-enriched biomass, economical aspects of the process, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jachym Suman
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
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