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Meza-Figueroa D, Berrellez-Reyes F, Schiavo B, Morton-Bermea O, Gonzalez-Grijalva B, Inguaggiato C, Silva-Campa E. Tracking fine particles in urban and rural environments using honey bees as biosamplers in Mexico. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 363:142881. [PMID: 39032733 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
This work explores the efficiency of honey bees (Apis mellifera) as biosamplers of metal pollution. To understand this, we selected two cities with different urbanization (a medium-sized city and a megacity), and we collected urban dust and honey bees captured during flight. We sampled two villages and a university campus as control areas. The metal content in dust was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the shape and size distribution of the particles, and to characterize the semiquantitative chemical composition of particles adhered to honey bee's wings. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) shows a distinctive urban dust geochemical signature for each city, with component 1 defining V-Cr-Ni-Tl-Pt-Pb-Sb as characteristic of Mexico City and Ce-As-Zr for dust from Hermosillo. Particle count using SEM indicates that 69% and 63.4% of the resuspended dust from Hermosillo and Mexico City, respectively, corresponds to PM2.5. Instead, the particle count measured on the honey bee wings from Hermosillo and Mexico City is mainly PM2.5, 91.4% and 88.9%, respectively. The wings from honey bees collected in the villages and the university campus show much lower particle amounts. AFM-histograms confirmed that the particles identified in Mexico City have even smaller sizes (between 60 and 480 nm) than those in Hermosillo (between 400 and 1400 nm). Particles enriched in As, Zr, and Ce mixed with geogenic elements such as Si, Ca, Mg, K, and Na dominate honey bee' wings collected in Hermosillo. In contrast, those particles collected from Mexico City contain V, Cr, Ni, Tl, Pt, Pb, and Sb. Such results agree with the urban dust data. This work shows that honey bees are suitable biosamplers for the characterization of fine dust fractions by microscopy techniques and reflect the urban pollution of the sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Meza-Figueroa
- Departamento de Geología, División de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Encinas, Centro, Hermosillo, 83000, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Francisco Berrellez-Reyes
- Departamento de Geología, División de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Encinas, Centro, Hermosillo, 83000, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Benedetto Schiavo
- Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Ofelia Morton-Bermea
- Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Belem Gonzalez-Grijalva
- Departamento de Geología, División de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Encinas, Centro, Hermosillo, 83000, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Claudio Inguaggiato
- Departamento de Geología, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana, 3918, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Erika Silva-Campa
- Departamento de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Encinas, Centro, Hermosillo, 83000, Sonora, Mexico
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Sánchez LF, Villacura L, Catalán F, Araya RT, Guzman MAL. The Oxidative Potential of Airborne Particulate Matter Research Trends, Challenges, and Future Perspectives-Insights from a Bibliometric Analysis and Scoping Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:640. [PMID: 38929079 PMCID: PMC11200927 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study is a comprehensive analysis of the oxidative potential (OP) of particulate matter (PM) and its environmental and health impacts. The researchers conducted a bibliometric analysis and scoping review, screening 569 articles and selecting 368 for further analysis. The study found that OP is an emerging field of study, with a notable increase in the number of publications in the 2010s compared to the early 2000s. The research is primarily published in eight journals and is concentrated in a few academic and university-based institutions. The study identified key research hotspots for OP-PM, emphasizing the importance of capacity building, interdisciplinary collaboration, understanding emission sources and atmospheric processes, and the impacts of PM and its OP. The study highlighted the need to consider the effects of climate change on OP-PM and the regulatory framework for PM research. The findings of this study will contribute to a better understanding of PM and its consequences, including human exposure and its effects. It will also inform strategies for managing air quality and protecting public health. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the field of OP-PM research and highlights the need for continued research and collaboration to address the environmental and health impacts of PM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Manuel A. Leiva Guzman
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003, Chile; (L.F.S.); (L.V.); (F.C.); (R.T.A.)
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Pozdnyakova N, Krisanova N, Pastukhov A, Dudarenko M, Tarasenko A, Borysov A, Kalynovska L, Paliienko K, Borisova T. Multipollutant reciprocal neurological hazard from smoke particulate matter and heavy metals cadmium and lead in brain nerve terminals. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 185:114449. [PMID: 38215962 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metals, Cd2+ and Pb2+, and carbonaceous air pollution particulate matter are hazardous neurotoxicants. Here, a capability of water-suspended smoke particulate matter preparations obtained from poplar wood (WPs) and polypropylene fibers (medical facemasks) (MPs) to influence Cd2+/Pb2+-induced neurotoxicity, and vice versa, was monitored using biological system, i.e. isolated presynaptic rat cortex nerve terminals. Combined application of Pb2+ and WPs/MPs to nerve terminals in an acute manner revealed that smoke preparations did not change a Pb2+-induced increase in the extracellular levels of excitatory neurotransmitter L-[14C]glutamate and inhibitory one [3H]GABA, thereby demonstrating additive result and no interference of neurotoxic effects of Pb2+ and particulate matter. Whereas, both smoke preparations decreased a Cd2+-induced increase in the extracellular level of L-[14C]glutamate and [3H]GABA in nerve terminals. In fluorimetric measurements, the metals and smoke preparations demonstrated additive effects on the membrane potential of nerve terminals causing membrane depolarisation. WPs/MPs-induced reduction of spontaneous ROS generation was mitigated by Cd2+ and Pb2+. Therefore, a potential variety of multipollutant heavy metal-/airborne particulate-induced effects on key presynaptic processes was revealed. Multipollutant reciprocal neurological hazard through disturbance of the excitation-inhibition balance, membrane potential and ROS generation was evidenced. This multipollutant approach and data contribute to up-to-date environmental quality/health risk estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Pozdnyakova
- The Department of Neurochemistry, The Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha st, Kyiv, 01054, Ukraine
| | - Nataliya Krisanova
- The Department of Neurochemistry, The Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha st, Kyiv, 01054, Ukraine
| | - Artem Pastukhov
- The Department of Neurochemistry, The Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha st, Kyiv, 01054, Ukraine.
| | - Marina Dudarenko
- The Department of Neurochemistry, The Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha st, Kyiv, 01054, Ukraine
| | - Alla Tarasenko
- The Department of Neurochemistry, The Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha st, Kyiv, 01054, Ukraine
| | - Arsenii Borysov
- The Department of Neurochemistry, The Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha st, Kyiv, 01054, Ukraine
| | - Liliia Kalynovska
- The Department of Neurochemistry, The Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha st, Kyiv, 01054, Ukraine
| | - Konstantin Paliienko
- The Department of Neurochemistry, The Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha st, Kyiv, 01054, Ukraine
| | - Tatiana Borisova
- The Department of Neurochemistry, The Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha st, Kyiv, 01054, Ukraine
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Islam N, Roy K, Barman P, Rabha S, Bora HK, Khare P, Konwar R, Saikia BK. Chemical and toxicological studies on black crust formed over historical monuments as a probable health hazard. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 464:132939. [PMID: 37988938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Studies to date have mostly investigated environmental factors responsible for deterioration of historical monuments. Black crusts formed on historical monuments are considered as factor for deterioration of structures or as an indicator of environmental status of the surrounding area. Black crust formed on historical monuments has never been investigated as a health hazard. Herein, for the first time, we performed in vitro and in vivo toxicology studies of black crust formed on three culturally-rich historical monuments (Rang Ghar, Kareng Ghar, and Talatal Ghar) of the Indian subcontinent to test their toxicological effect. Black crust suspension in ultrapure water was found not to be considerably toxic to the cells upon direct short-term exposure. However, the sub-acute nasal exposure of the black crust suspension in Swiss albino mice produced lung-specific pathologies and mortality. Additionally, structural formation of the black crust along with the speciation of potentially hazardous elements (PHEs), polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs), and other metals were investigated. Overall, these results indicate the potential of black crust deposited on historical monuments as health hazard owing to the atmospheric pollution of the surroundings. However, it may be noted that black crust and its components have very low possibility of health implication unless they are disturbed without proper care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazrul Islam
- Coal & Energy Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat 785006, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Kallol Roy
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Biotechnology Group, Biological Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
| | - Pankaj Barman
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Biotechnology Group, Biological Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
| | - Shahadev Rabha
- Coal & Energy Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat 785006, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Himangsu Kousik Bora
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Biotechnology Group, Biological Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
| | - Puja Khare
- Crop Production and Protection Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rituraj Konwar
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Biotechnology Group, Biological Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
| | - Binoy K Saikia
- Coal & Energy Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat 785006, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Krisanova N, Pastukhov A, Dekaliuk M, Dudarenko M, Pozdnyakova N, Driuk M, Borisova T. Mercury-induced excitotoxicity in presynaptic brain nerve terminals: modulatory effects of carbonaceous airborne particulate simulants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:3512-3525. [PMID: 38085481 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31359-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Multipollutant approach is a breakthrough in up-to-date environmental quality and health risk estimation. Both mercury and carbonaceous air particulate are hazardous neurotoxicants. Here, the ability of carbonaceous air particulate simulants, i.e. carbon dots obtained by heating of organics, and nanodiamonds, to influence Hg2+-induced neurotoxicity was monitored using biological system, i.e. presynaptic rat cortex nerve terminals. Using HgCl2 and classical reducing/chelating agents, an adequate synaptic parameter, i.e. the extracellular level of key excitatory neurotransmitter L-[14C]glutamate, was selected for further analysis. HgCl2 starting from 5 µM caused an acute and concentration-dependent increase in the extracellular L-[14C]glutamate level in nerve terminals. Combined application of Hg2+ and carbon dots from heating of citric acid/urea showed that this simulant was able to mitigate in an acute manner excitotoxic Hg2+-induced increase in the extracellular L-[14C]glutamate level in nerve terminals by 37%. These carbon dots and Hg2+ acted as a complex in nerve terminals that was confirmed with fluorimetric data on Hg2+-induced changes in their spectroscopic features. Nanodiamonds and carbon dots from β-alanine were not able to mitigate a Hg2+-induced increase in the extracellular L-[14C]glutamate level in nerve terminals. Developed approach can be applicable for monitoring capability of different particles/compounds to have Hg2+-chelating signs in the biological systems. Therefore, among testing simulants, the only carbon dots from citric acid/urea were able to mitigate acute Hg2+-induced neurotoxicity in nerve terminals, thereby showing a variety of effects of carbonaceous airborne particulate in situ and its potential to interfere and modulate Hg2+-associated health hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Krisanova
- The Department of Neurochemistry, The Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha Street, Kiev, 01054, Ukraine
| | - Artem Pastukhov
- The Department of Neurochemistry, The Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha Street, Kiev, 01054, Ukraine
| | - Mariia Dekaliuk
- The Department of Neurochemistry, The Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha Street, Kiev, 01054, Ukraine
| | - Marina Dudarenko
- The Department of Neurochemistry, The Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha Street, Kiev, 01054, Ukraine
| | - Natalia Pozdnyakova
- The Department of Neurochemistry, The Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha Street, Kiev, 01054, Ukraine
| | - Mikola Driuk
- The Department of Neurochemistry, The Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha Street, Kiev, 01054, Ukraine
| | - Tatiana Borisova
- The Department of Neurochemistry, The Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha Street, Kiev, 01054, Ukraine.
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Kaleta D, Kozielska B. Spatial and Temporal Volatility of PM2.5, PM10 and PM10-Bound B[a]P Concentrations and Assessment of the Exposure of the Population of Silesia in 2018-2021. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:138. [PMID: 36612461 PMCID: PMC9819630 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution both indoors and outdoors is a major cause of various diseases and premature deaths. Negative health effects are more frequently observed in a number of European countries characterized by significant pollution. In Poland, especially in Upper Silesia, the most serious problem is the high concentration of particulate matter (PM) and PM10-bound benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). The main source of these two pollutants is so-called "low emissions" associated with the burning of solid fuels mainly in domestic boilers and liquid fuels in road traffic. This study examined the variability in the PM and PM10-bound B[a]P concentrations and their relationships with meteorological parameters, i.e., atmospheric pressure, air temperature and wind speed, in 2018-2021 at 11 monitoring stations. In many Silesian cities, the average annual concentrations of PM10, PM2.5 and B[a]P were much higher than those recorded in other European countries. At each station, the average daily PM10 concentrations were exceeded on 12 to 126 days a year. Taking into account the WHO recommendation for PM2.5, the highest recorded average daily concentration exceeded the permissible level by almost 40 times. The same relationships were observed in all measurement years: PM10 concentrations were negatively correlated with air temperature (R = -0.386) and wind speed (R = -0.614). The highest concentrations were observed in the temperature range from -15 °C to -5 °C, when the wind speed did not exceed 0.5 m·s-1. The calculated lifetime cancer risk (LCR) associated with the exposure to B[a]P in the Silesian Voivodeship suggested 30-429 cases per 1 million people in the heating season depending on the scenario used for the calculations (IRIS, EPA or WHO).
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Islam N, Saikia BK. An overview on atmospheric carbonaceous particulate matter into carbon nanomaterials: A new approach for air pollution mitigation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135027. [PMID: 35623423 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Air pollutants consisting of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) poses a major threat to the environment and human health. However, due to their carbonaceous nature, these atmospheric PM can also be used as a precursor for fabrication of high-valued carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) leading to waste to wealth as well as mitigation of air pollution. Over the few years, various results have been reported on different types of physical and chemical methods for the synthesis of CNMs from atmospheric particulate matter with the help of top down and bottom up methods; however, there is a lack of review on these innovative processes and outcome in order to assess their feasibility and suitability for further investigation. This review critically assesses the synthesis, identification, and characterization of different types of CNMs derived from the atmospheric PM. The fascinating fluorescence properties along with the novel multifarious applications of such PM-derived CNMs are also extensively discussed in this review work. This unique review will certainly help to make a new avenue for air pollution mitigation through conversion of PMs in to value added nanomaterials (VNMs) and will boost the research activity in the field of environmental nanotechnology for a cleaner environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazrul Islam
- Coal & Energy Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, 785006, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Binoy K Saikia
- Coal & Energy Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, 785006, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Shim I, Kim W, Kim H, Lim YM, Shin H, Park KS, Yu SM, Kim YH, Sung HK, Eom IC, Kim P, Yu SD. Comparative Cytotoxicity Study of PM2.5 and TSP Collected from Urban Areas. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9070167. [PMID: 34357910 PMCID: PMC8309706 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9070167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ambient particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and total suspended particles (TSPs) are common airborne pollutants that cause respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. We investigated the differences of cytotoxicity and mechanism between PM2.5 and TSP activity in human alveolar epithelial A549 cells. Atmospheric samples from the central district of Seoul were collected and their chemical compositions were analyzed by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry and ion chromatography. PM2.5 and TSP contained high concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Zn, and Pb). The most abundant ions in PM2.5 were SO42-, NH4+, and NO3-. A549 cells were exposed to PM2.5 and TSP (25-200 µg/mL) for 24 h. TSP was more cytotoxic than PM2.5 per unit mass. PM2.5 induced oxidative stress, as evidenced by increased levels of a glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier, whereas low-concentration TSP increased hemeoxygenase-1 levels. PM2.5 and TSP did not affect c-Jun N-terminal kinase expression. The levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in PM2.5- and TSP-treated cells decreased significantly in the cytosol and increased in the nucleus. Thus, Nrf2 may be a key transcription factor for detoxifying environmental airborne particles in A549 cells. TSP and PM2.5 could activate the protective Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/Nrf2 pathway in A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilseob Shim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 404-708, Korea; (W.K.); (H.K.); (Y.-M.L.); (K.S.P.); (S.M.Y.); (Y.H.K.); (H.K.S.); (I.-C.E.); (P.K.); (S.-D.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-032-560-8474
| | - Woong Kim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 404-708, Korea; (W.K.); (H.K.); (Y.-M.L.); (K.S.P.); (S.M.Y.); (Y.H.K.); (H.K.S.); (I.-C.E.); (P.K.); (S.-D.Y.)
| | - Haewon Kim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 404-708, Korea; (W.K.); (H.K.); (Y.-M.L.); (K.S.P.); (S.M.Y.); (Y.H.K.); (H.K.S.); (I.-C.E.); (P.K.); (S.-D.Y.)
| | - Yeon-Mi Lim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 404-708, Korea; (W.K.); (H.K.); (Y.-M.L.); (K.S.P.); (S.M.Y.); (Y.H.K.); (H.K.S.); (I.-C.E.); (P.K.); (S.-D.Y.)
| | - Hyejung Shin
- Climate and Air Quality Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 404-708, Korea;
| | - Kwang Su Park
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 404-708, Korea; (W.K.); (H.K.); (Y.-M.L.); (K.S.P.); (S.M.Y.); (Y.H.K.); (H.K.S.); (I.-C.E.); (P.K.); (S.-D.Y.)
| | - Seok Min Yu
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 404-708, Korea; (W.K.); (H.K.); (Y.-M.L.); (K.S.P.); (S.M.Y.); (Y.H.K.); (H.K.S.); (I.-C.E.); (P.K.); (S.-D.Y.)
| | - Young Hee Kim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 404-708, Korea; (W.K.); (H.K.); (Y.-M.L.); (K.S.P.); (S.M.Y.); (Y.H.K.); (H.K.S.); (I.-C.E.); (P.K.); (S.-D.Y.)
| | - Hwa Kyung Sung
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 404-708, Korea; (W.K.); (H.K.); (Y.-M.L.); (K.S.P.); (S.M.Y.); (Y.H.K.); (H.K.S.); (I.-C.E.); (P.K.); (S.-D.Y.)
| | - Ig-Chun Eom
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 404-708, Korea; (W.K.); (H.K.); (Y.-M.L.); (K.S.P.); (S.M.Y.); (Y.H.K.); (H.K.S.); (I.-C.E.); (P.K.); (S.-D.Y.)
| | - Pilje Kim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 404-708, Korea; (W.K.); (H.K.); (Y.-M.L.); (K.S.P.); (S.M.Y.); (Y.H.K.); (H.K.S.); (I.-C.E.); (P.K.); (S.-D.Y.)
| | - Seung-Do Yu
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 404-708, Korea; (W.K.); (H.K.); (Y.-M.L.); (K.S.P.); (S.M.Y.); (Y.H.K.); (H.K.S.); (I.-C.E.); (P.K.); (S.-D.Y.)
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Islam N, Rabha S, Subramanyam KSV, Saikia BK. Geochemistry and mineralogy of coal mine overburden (waste): A study towards their environmental implications. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 274:129736. [PMID: 33540311 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Open-cast mining of coal generates waste material, including rock and soil with different minerals, and traditionally dumped as waste over the valuable lands worldwide. Overburden (OB) is devoid of actual soil characteristics, low micro and macronutrient content, and a sufficient amount of rare earth elements, silicate, sulphate, and clay minerals. This study aimed to determine the geochemistry and mineralogy of OB samples collected from Makum coalfield, Margherita of Northeast (NE) India. The geochemical and mineralogical analyses of overburden (OB) were carried out by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), High resolution-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (HR-ICP-MS), Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) techniques. This study shows potentially hazardous elements (PHEs), including Pb, Co Cu, Cr, Ni, and Zn, and their association with minerals observed in OB samples. The major oxides (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO, CaO, K2O, and Na2O) are present in all the overburden samples analyzed by the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique. Various minerals such as quartz, kaolinite, gypsum, melanterite, rozenite, hematite, and pyrite were identified. The overburden samples contain considerable amounts of rare earth elements and yttrium (REY; as received basis) with an average of 26.3 (ppm). The presence of abundant minerals and REY opens up a new avenue for the gainful and sustainable utilization of such waste materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazrul Islam
- Coal & Energy Group, Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shahadev Rabha
- Coal & Energy Group, Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - K S V Subramanyam
- CSIR- National Geophysical Research Institute, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Binoy K Saikia
- Coal & Energy Group, Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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10
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Kumar P, Kalaiarasan G, Porter AE, Pinna A, Kłosowski MM, Demokritou P, Chung KF, Pain C, Arvind DK, Arcucci R, Adcock IM, Dilliway C. An overview of methods of fine and ultrafine particle collection for physicochemical characterisation and toxicity assessments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 756:143553. [PMID: 33239200 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is a crucial health risk factor for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The smaller size fractions, ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5; fine particles) and ≤0.1 μm (PM0.1; ultrafine particles), show the highest bioactivity but acquiring sufficient mass for in vitro and in vivo toxicological studies is challenging. We review the suitability of available instrumentation to collect the PM mass required for these assessments. Five different microenvironments representing the diverse exposure conditions in urban environments are considered in order to establish the typical PM concentrations present. The highest concentrations of PM2.5 and PM0.1 were found near traffic (i.e. roadsides and traffic intersections), followed by indoor environments, parks and behind roadside vegetation. We identify key factors to consider when selecting sampling instrumentation. These include PM concentration on-site (low concentrations increase sampling time), nature of sampling sites (e.g. indoors; noise and space will be an issue), equipment handling and power supply. Physicochemical characterisation requires micro- to milli-gram quantities of PM and it may increase according to the processing methods (e.g. digestion or sonication). Toxicological assessments of PM involve numerous mechanisms (e.g. inflammatory processes and oxidative stress) requiring significant amounts of PM to obtain accurate results. Optimising air sampling techniques are therefore important for the appropriate collection medium/filter which have innate physical properties and the potential to interact with samples. An evaluation of methods and instrumentation used for airborne virus collection concludes that samplers operating cyclone sampling techniques (using centrifugal forces) are effective in collecting airborne viruses. We highlight that predictive modelling can help to identify pollution hotspots in an urban environment for the efficient collection of PM mass. This review provides guidance to prepare and plan efficient sampling campaigns to collect sufficient PM mass for various purposes in a reasonable timeframe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; Department of Civil, Structural & Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Gopinath Kalaiarasan
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra E Porter
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Pinna
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Michał M Kłosowski
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Room 1310, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Pain
- Department of Earth Science & Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - D K Arvind
- Centre for Speckled Computing, School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9AB, United Kingdom
| | - Rossella Arcucci
- Data Science Institute, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BU, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Adcock
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Dilliway
- Department of Earth Science & Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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11
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Ma Y, Deng L, Ma P, Wu Y, Yang X, Xiao F, Deng Q. In vivo respiratory toxicology of cooking oil fumes: Evidence, mechanisms and prevention. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123455. [PMID: 32683156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As cooking is an essential part of people's daily life, cooking oil fumes (COF) has been recognized as one of the major indoor air pollutant. Mounting epidemiological evidence has indicated that COF exposure is significantly associated with an increased risk of various health effects including lung cancer, but toxicological studies are very limited. OBJECTIVES We conduct a systematic study to provide toxicological evidence of COF exposure on the lungs, to examine the underlying toxicological mechanism, and to suggest intervention measures to mitigate this toxicity. METHODS A total 96 female rats were randomly divided into control groups, COF exposure groups (0.2, 2, 20 mg/kg) and vitamin E protection groups, receiving appropriate treatment for 30 days. First we measured airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) followed by a lung histological analysis to investigate the toxicological effects of COF. We next analyzed the biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis to examine the underlying toxicological mechanism, and finally we investigated the protective effects of vitamin E against the toxicity of COF. RESULTS AHR measurement indicated that the airway resistance increased with the COF dose and the lung histological assay showed narrowing of the airway lumen, which provided evidence of the toxicological effects of COF. The biomarkers of oxidative stress (ROS and MDA), pro-inflammation (TNF-α and IL-1β), and apoptosis (NF-κB and Caspase-3) were all significantly increased with COF dose. We observed that above toxicological effects and biomarker levels induced by COF were significantly ameliorated after administration of VE. CONCLUSION The toxicity of cooking oil fumes on the lungs is clear from the evidence and mechanism, and can be ameliorated by vitamin E. We suggested that oxidative stress may be primarily responsible for the observed cooking oil fumes-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Ma
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Linjing Deng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Ping Ma
- School of Public Health, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Yang Wu
- School of Public Health, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fang Xiao
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Qihong Deng
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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12
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Lin H, Taniyasu S, Yamazaki E, Wei S, Wang X, Gai N, Kim JH, Eun H, Lam PKS, Yamashita N. Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in the Air Particles of Asia: Levels, Seasonality, and Size-Dependent Distribution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:14182-14191. [PMID: 33156616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Information regarding the size-dependent distribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in atmospheric particulate matter (PM) is very limited. In this study, 248 size-specific PM samples were collected from 9 Asian cities using a portable 4-stage cascade impactor for the analysis of PFAS. Of the 34 investigated PFAS, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) were the major compounds. In particular, the emerging PFAS, hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid, was quantified in the PM for the first time, with concentrations ranging from <0.086 to 21.5 pg/m3. Spatially, PFOA and PFOS were the predominant compounds in China, while precursors, emerging PFAS, and short-chain PFAS dominated in India, Japan, and South Korea, respectively. Seasonal variations of PFAS may be controlled by regional climate, local or seasonal emission sources, and long-range transport of air masses. Size-dependent distribution was investigated, showing that the majority of PFAS predominantly affiliated in fine particles, while PFOS and its alternatives tended to attach on coarser particles. Moreover, PFOS distributed on specific sizes exhibited seasonal and regional dependency, while no such patterns were observed for PFOA. These findings will provide useful information on the geographical and size-dependent distribution of PFAS in the atmospheric PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiju Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - Sachi Taniyasu
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - Eriko Yamazaki
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Si Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Xinhong Wang
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Nan Gai
- National Research Center for Geoanalysis (NRCGA), Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jin Hyo Kim
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesoo Eun
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nobuyoshi Yamashita
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
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13
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Morillas H, Gredilla A, Gallego-Cartagena E, Upasen S, Maguregui M, Madariaga JM. PM 10 spatial distribution and metals speciation study in the Bilbao metropolitan area during the 2017-2018 period. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 259:127482. [PMID: 32640380 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Speciation of respirable particles is becoming increasingly important from an epidemiological and analytical point of view to determine the potential effects of air pollution on human health. For this reason, current laws and analytical sampling methods focus on particle size, as it turns out to be the main factor for the greater or lesser penetration into the airways. In this sense, particles of less than 10 μm in diameter (<10 μm), referred to as PM10, are the particles that have a higher capacity for access to the respiratory tract and, therefore, more significant effect on them. In this sense, one of the most important factors that have a key role in the PM10 atmospheric pollution effect is the dispersion effect with the direct influence of natural effects such as wind, rain, topography apart from others. In this work, PM10 data extracted from the Basque Government environmental stations (19 sampling points) in the Biscay province (Basque Country, north of Spain) were combined with the results obtained from the use of self-made passive samplers (SMPS) in the same sampling points areas and subsequently, the sample analysis with a non-invasive elemental technique (Scanning Electron Microscope coupled to Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry) was carried out. Thanks to this methodology, it was possible to determine a wide variety of metals in PM10 such as Al, Fe, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, Ti, etc. Most of them present as oxides and others as part of natural aggregations such as quartz, aluminosilicates, phosphates etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Morillas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain; Department of Mathematics and Experimental Sciences Didactics, Faculty of Education, Philosophy and Anthropology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, II Building, Oñati Plaza 3, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Ainara Gredilla
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-2018, San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Euler Gallego-Cartagena
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain; Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de La Costa, Calle 58 #55-66, 080002, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Settakorn Upasen
- Research Unit of Developing Technology and Innovation of Alternative Energy for Industries, Burapha University, 169 Long-Hard Bangsean Road, Seansuk Sub-District, Muang District, Chonburi Province, 20131, Thailand
| | - Maite Maguregui
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 450, 01080, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Madariaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
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14
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Islam N, Saikia BK. Atmospheric particulate matter and potentially hazardous compounds around residential/road side soil in an urban area. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 259:127453. [PMID: 32610175 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient coarse and fine particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) causes premature death worldwide due to the nature of their particle size. It contains potentially hazardous elements (PHEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This study aims to quantify the particulate matter (PM) loads on the surface of soil in twenty-five different locations including residential and roadside areas of an urban area in Northeast India. This study shows that the 24h mean concentration of PM (121 ± 49 μg/m3 for PM2.5 and 153 ± 45 μg/m3 for PM10) exceeded more than three times the WHO's air quality standard limit for both PM2.5 (25 μg/m3) and PM10 (50 μg/m3) indicating poor air quality in the urban area during monsoon season. The health risk assessment of PAHs and PHEs including mutagenic or carcinogenic potency was observed to be higher as compared to other studies carried out on road traffic emissions in a similar type of urban area. This study also provides a brief database on the deposition of PM on the soil surfaces due to wet-deposition that would help to increase public awareness in such type of urban area for the control of PM pollution and further remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazrul Islam
- Polymer Petroleum and Coal Chemistry Group, Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-NEIST Campus, Jorhat, 785006, India
| | - Binoy K Saikia
- Polymer Petroleum and Coal Chemistry Group, Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-NEIST Campus, Jorhat, 785006, India.
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15
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Trusz A, Ghazal H, Piekarska K. Seasonal variability of chemical composition and mutagenic effect of organic PM2.5 pollutants collected in the urban area of Wrocław (Poland). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 733:138911. [PMID: 32450377 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was the assessment of the mutagenicity of chemical pollutants adsorbed on suspended particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) in the four seasons. Samples were collected from the urban agglomeration of Wroclaw, Poland and evaluated for mutagenicity using two Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 with and without metabolic activation with microsomal fraction S9. The work covered sampling of suspended dusts in four seasons: summer, spring, autumn and winter. The dust samples were collected on glass filters using air aspirator and the organic matter of PM2.5 was extracted using Soxhlet extractor. The levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (PAH), nitro-PAH and dinitro-PAH were determined in the extract. Variable degree of air pollution with mutagenic substances was determined at the selected study site. A greater, negative effect of chemical compounds on DNA was determined in dust samples collected in the autumn-winter season in comparison to samples collected in the spring-summer season. In the majority of tests, higher mutagenicity was obtained in analyses conducted on total extracts in comparison to tests conducted in the presence of PAH pollutant fractions. The obtained mutagenic ratio values pointed to the presence of chemical compounds with a character of both promutagens and direct mutagens. Samples collected in the autumn-winter season were observed to have a higher diversity of organic substances absorbed on PM2.5 dusts. Particular samples differed in the total content and percent contribution of particular PAHs, nitro-PAHs, and other organic compounds. In addition, the identified substances included compounds belonging to different chemical classes: aliphatic compounds, cycloalkanes, mono- and bicycling arenes, polycyclic arenes, compounds containing oxygen, nitrogen, and sulphur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Trusz
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże S. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Heba Ghazal
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston Upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Katarzyna Piekarska
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże S. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
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Multi-elemental analysis of particulate matter PM 2.5 and PM 10 by ICP OES. Talanta 2020; 221:121457. [PMID: 33076079 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of aerodynamic particulate matter's (PM) matrices poses a challenge for the extraction and quantification of metals, especially for analytes with low concentration. Aiming to solve this issue, a precise and accurate protocol with the ultrasound extraction combined with microwave radiation digestion (USMW), was applied to PM samples with excellent compensations in sample throughput, digestion efficiency, and energy consumption. After the digestion and extraction procedures, the inorganic analytes, including rare earth elements, were determined by ICP OES. Two types of particulate matter sampled from two stations, Gobernacion (GOB10 and GOB2.5) and Milan (MIL10), corresponding to PM2.5 and PM10, were digested with a combination between HF, HNO3, and H3BO3. The absolute limits of detection ranged from 0.42 pg m-³ for V, to 3459 pg m-³ for As. The accuracy of the experimental study was assessed using two certified reference materials (CRMs), Coal Fly Ash (NIST1633b) and Fly Ash (BCR176). The method presented good accuracy, with recoveries ranging from 90 to 115%, except for Al (120%) and Fe (123%). Considering the replicates for the determination of analyte elements, the repeatability was below 10% for the relative standard deviation (RSD). A cloud point extraction (CPE) procedure, with parameters optimized for the determination of Pd and Pt, was successfully applied in digested PM samples with detection limits of 1.43 and 2.05 pg m-³ for Pd and Pt in MIL10 sample, respectively, and 76.6 pg m-³ for Pd and 110 pg m-³ for Pt, in samples GOB10 and GOB2.5, respectively.
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