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Qiu T, Shi W, Chen J, Li J. Haloketones: A class of unregulated priority DBPs with high contribution to drinking water cytotoxicity. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 259:121866. [PMID: 38852393 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Although unregulated aliphatic disinfection byproducts (DBPs) had a much higher concentration and cytotoxicity than known aromatic DBPs, a recent study indicated that seven classes of regulated and unregulated priority DBPs (one and two-carbon-atom DBPs) just accounted for 16.2% of disinfected water cytotoxicity in the U.S., meaning some of the highly toxic aliphatic DBPs may be overlooked. Haloketones (HKs) are an essential class of priority DBPs with a 1-100 µg/L concentration in drinking water but lack cytotoxicity data. This study investigated the cytotoxicity of seven HKs using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The order for cytotoxicity of HKs from most to least toxic was: 1,3-dichloroacetone (LC50: 1.0 ± 0.20 μM) ≈ 1,3-dibromoacetone (1.5 ± 0.19 μM) ≈ bromoacetone (1.9 ± 0.49 μM) > chloroacetone (4.3 ± 0.22 μM) > 1,1,3-trichloropropanone (6.6 ± 0.46 μM) > 1,1,1-trichloroacetone (222 ± 7.7 μM) > hexachloroacetone (3269 ± 344 μM). The cytotoxicity of HKs was higher than most regulated and priority aliphatic DBPs in mono-halogenated, di-halogenated, and tri-halogenated categories. A prediction model of HK cytotoxicity was developed based on the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR), optimizing structures and computing descriptors with Gaussian 09 W. The average concentrations of HKs in representative drinking water samples from South Carolina (U.S.) and Suzhou (China) were 12.4 and 0.9 μg/L, respectively, accounting for 18.8% and 1.7% of their specific total DBPs measured (i.e. not TOX). For South Carolina drinking water, their contributions to total calculated additive cytotoxicity of aliphatic DBPs and overall drinking water cytotoxicity were 86.7% and 14.0%, respectively, demonstrating that HKs are an essential class of overlooked DBPs with a high contribution to drinking water cytotoxicity. Our study can help to explain the conflict that why regulated and priority DBPs (except HKs) just accounted for 16% of chlorinated drinking water cytotoxicity even enough they had much higher concentration and cytotoxicity than known aromatic DBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Qiu
- School of Public Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wenshan Shi
- School of Public Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jingsi Chen
- School of Public Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jiafu Li
- School of Public Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Koley S, Dash S, Khwairakpam M, Kalamdhad AS. Perspectives and understanding on the occurrence, toxicity and abatement technologies of disinfection by-products in drinking water. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119770. [PMID: 38096765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are one of the significant emerging contaminants that have caught the attention of researchers worldwide due to their pervasiveness. Their presence in drinking water, even in shallow concentrations (in levels of parts per billion), poses considerable health risks. Therefore, it is crucial to understand their kinetics to understand better their formation and persistence in the water supply systems. This manuscript demonstrates different aspects of research carried out on DBPs in the past. A systematic approach was adopted for the bibliographical research that started with choosing appropriate keywords and identifying the most relevant manuscripts through the screening process. This follows a quantitative assessment of the extracted literature sample, which included the most productive and influential journal sources, the most widely used keywords, the most influential authors active in the research domain, the most cited articles, and the countries most actively engaged in the research field. Critical observations on the literature sample led to the qualitative assessment, wherein the past and current research trends were observed and reported. Finally, we identified the essential gaps in the available literature, which further led to recommending the course ahead in the research domain. This study will prove fruitful for young and established researchers who are or wish to work in this emerging field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumona Koley
- Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Siddhant Dash
- Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering and Sciences, SRM University-AP, Andhra Pradesh, 522502, India; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterey, Monterrey, 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
| | - Meena Khwairakpam
- School of Agro and Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Ajay S Kalamdhad
- Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India; School of Agro and Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India; Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
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Zhang J, Wang D, Li Y, Liu L, Liang Y, He B, Hu L, Jiang G. Application of three-dimensional printing technology in environmental analysis: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1281:341742. [PMID: 38783729 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The development of environmental analysis devices with high performance is essential to assess the potential risks of environmental pollutants. However, it is still challenging to develop environmental analysis equipment with miniaturization, portability, and high sensitivity based on traditional processing techniques. In recent years, the popularity of 3D printing technology (3DP) with high precision, low cost, and unlimited design freedom has provided opportunities to solve the existing challenges of environmental analysis. 3D printing has brought solutions to promote the high performance and versatility of environmental analysis equipment by optimizing printing materials, enhancing equipment structure, and integrating multidisciplinary technology. In this paper, we comprehensively review the latest progress in 3D printing in various aspects of environmental analysis procedures, including but not limited to sample collection, pretreatment, separation, and detection. We highlight their advantages and challenges in determining various environmental contaminants through passive sampling, solid-phase extraction, chromatographic separation, and mass spectrometry detection. The manufacturing of 3D-printed environmental analysis devices is also discussed. Finally, we look forward to their development prospects and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dingyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yingying Li
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Ligang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China
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Jin M, Wen ZF, Liu YJ, Qian M, Zhou Y, Bian Y, Zhang Y, Feng XS. Trihalomethanes in water samples: Recent update on pretreatment and detection methods. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140005. [PMID: 37652249 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Trihalomethanes (THMs) are classified as volatile organic compounds, considered to be a disinfection by-product during water disinfection process. THMs have been shown to be cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic, with a risk of cancer when they contact with people directly. To protect public health and monitor water quality, it is important to monitor and measure THMs in drinking water. Therefore, it is crucial to develop fast, accurate, highly sensitivity and green analysis methods of THMs in various complicated matrices. Here, this review presents an overall summary of the current state of the pretreatment and detection methods for THMs in various sample matrices since 2005. In addition to the traditionally used pretreatment methods for THMs (such as headspace extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, liquid-liquid extraction), the new-developed methods, including solid-phase extraction, QuEChERS and different microextraction methods, have been summarized. The detection methods include gas chromatography-based methods, sensors and several other approaches. Additionally, benefits and limitations of different techniques were also discussed and compared. This study is anticipated to offer fruitful insights into the further advancement and widespread applications of pretreatment and detection technologies for THMs as well as for related substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jin
- (School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Wen
- (Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China, Beijing, 110001, China
| | - Ya-Jie Liu
- (School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Min Qian
- (School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- (Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yu Bian
- (School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| | - Yuan Zhang
- (School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- (School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
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Kumar M, Shekhar S, Kumar R, Kumar P, Govarthanan M, Chaminda T. Drinking water treatment and associated toxic byproducts: Concurrence and urgence. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 320:121009. [PMID: 36634860 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Reclaimed water is highly required for environmental sustainability and to meet sustainable development goals (SDGs). Chemical processes are frequently associated with highly hazardous and toxic by-products, like nitrosamines, trihalomethanes, haloaldehydes, haloketones, and haloacetic acids. In this context, we aim to summarize the formation of various commonly produced disinfection by-products (DBPs) during wastewater treatment and their treatment approaches. Owing to DBPs formation, we discussed permissible limits, concentrations in various water systems reported globally, and their consequences on humans. While most reviews focus on DBPs detection methods, this review discusses factors affecting DBPs formation and critically reviews various remediation approaches, such as adsorption, reverse osmosis, nano/micro-filtration, UV treatment, ozonation, and advanced oxidation process. However, research in the detection of hazardous DBPs and their removal is quite at an early and initial stage, and therefore, numerous advancements are required prior to scale-up at commercial level. DBPs abatement in wastewater treatment approach should be considered. This review provides the baseline for optimizing DBPs formation and advancements in the remediation process, efficiently reducing their production and providing safe, clean drinking water. Future studies should focus on a more efficient and rigorous understanding of DBPs properties and degradation of hazardous pollutants using low-cost techniques in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Sustainability Cluster, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterey, Monterrey, 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
| | - Shashank Shekhar
- Sustainability Cluster, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- School of Ecology and Environment Studies, Nalanda University, Rajgir, 803116, Bihar, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Sustainability Cluster, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Muthusamy Govarthanan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, South Korea; Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600 077, India
| | - Tushara Chaminda
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka
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Overview of Different Modes and Applications of Liquid Phase-Based Microextraction Techniques. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10071347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid phase-based microextraction techniques (LPµETs) have attracted great attention from the scientific community since their invention and implementation mainly due to their high efficiency, low solvent and sample amount, enhanced selectivity and precision, and good reproducibility for a wide range of analytes. This review explores the different possibilities and applications of LPμETs including dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) and single-drop microextraction (SDME), highlighting its two main approaches, direct immersion-SDME and headspace-SDME, hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) in its two- and three-phase device modes using the donor–acceptor interactions, and electro membrane extraction (EME). Currently, these LPμETs are used in very different areas of interest, from the environment to food and beverages, pharmaceutical, clinical, and forensic analysis. Several important potential applications of each technique will be reported, highlighting its advantages and drawbacks. Moreover, the use of alternative and efficient “green” extraction solvents including nanostructured supramolecular solvents (SUPRASs, deep eutectic solvents (DES), and ionic liquids (ILs)) will be discussed.
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Green Extraction Techniques as Advanced Sample Preparation Approaches in Biological, Food, and Environmental Matrices: A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092953. [PMID: 35566315 PMCID: PMC9101692 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Green extraction techniques (GreETs) emerged in the last decade as greener and sustainable alternatives to classical sample preparation procedures aiming to improve the selectivity and sensitivity of analytical methods, simultaneously reducing the deleterious side effects of classical extraction techniques (CETs) for both the operator and the environment. The implementation of improved processes that overcome the main constraints of classical methods in terms of efficiency and ability to minimize or eliminate the use and generation of harmful substances will promote more efficient use of energy and resources in close association with the principles supporting the concept of green chemistry. The current review aims to update the state of the art of some cutting-edge GreETs developed and implemented in recent years focusing on the improvement of the main analytical features, practical aspects, and relevant applications in the biological, food, and environmental fields. Approaches to improve and accelerate the extraction efficiency and to lower solvent consumption, including sorbent-based techniques, such as solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and fabric-phase sorbent extraction (FPSE), and solvent-based techniques (μQuEChERS; micro quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), in addition to supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and pressurized solvent extraction (PSE), are highlighted.
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Craven CB, Tang Y, Carroll K, An L, Chen B, Li XF. Closing the Gap of Known and Unknown Halogenated Nitrogenous Disinfection Byproducts in Water: Advanced Mass Spectrometry Techniques. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rajendran S, Loh SH, Ariffin MM, Khalik WMAWM. CO2-Effervescence in Liquid Phase Microextraction for the Determination of Micropollutants in Environmental Water: a Review. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934821120091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Dummy template based molecularly imprinted solid-phase microextraction coating for analysis of trace disinfection by-product of 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone using high-performance liquid chromatography. Talanta 2021; 239:123065. [PMID: 34875523 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Trace disinfection by-products (DBPs) produced during the disinfection of drinking water are potentially carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic, which has aroused much attention recently. In this study, a molecularly imprinted (MIP) solid -phase microextraction (SPME) fiber coating was prepared by an in-situ polymerization method using a dummy template molecule for the analysis of trace 2,6-dichloroindole-1,4-benzoquinone (2,6-DCBQ), a typical DBP. The characterization results suggested that this monolithic SPME fiber under the optimized conditions had the porous structure, large surface area and good thermal stability. Due to the strong structural recognition and molecular interaction between MIP SPME coating and target molecule, it showed good extraction selectivity and capacity to trace 2,6-DCBQ with an imprinting factor of 4.7. Then, coupling with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-ultraviolet (UV) detection, a sensitive analytical method for trace 2,6-DCBQ in water samples was successfully established with a detection limit down to 2.3 ng/mL. The recoveries of the proposed method were in range of 84.4-122% with the relative standard deviations of 1.0-13% (n = 3). The results showed that this MIP SPME-HPLC-UV method possessed high analytical selectivity and sensitivity for trace 2,6-DCBQ in water, which would benefit the improvement of the practicability of DBPs monitoring and detection methodology.
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[Recent advances in sample pretreatment techniques for chromatographic analysis]. Se Pu 2021; 39:1-3. [PMID: 34435477 PMCID: PMC9442498 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2020.05011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Kali S, Khan M, Ghaffar MS, Rasheed S, Waseem A, Iqbal MM, Bilal Khan Niazi M, Zafar MI. Occurrence, influencing factors, toxicity, regulations, and abatement approaches for disinfection by-products in chlorinated drinking water: A comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 281:116950. [PMID: 33819670 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Disinfection is considered as a vital step to ensure the supply of clean and safe drinking water. Various approaches are adopted for this purpose; however, chlorination is highly preferred all over the world. This method is opted owing to its several advantages. However, it leads to the formation of certain by-products. These chlorination disinfection by-products (DBPs) are genotoxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic. Still chlorination is being practiced worldwide. Present review gives insights into the occurrence, toxicity and factors affecting the formation of regulated (THMs, HAAs) and emerging DBPs (N-DBPs, HKs, HAs and aromatic DBPs) found in drinking water. Furthermore, remediation techniques used to control DBPs have also been summarized here. Key findings are: (i) concentration of regulated DBPs surpassed the permissible limit in most of the regions, (ii) high chlorine dose, high NOM, more reaction time (up to 3 h) and high temperature (up to 30 °C) enhance the formation of THMs and HAAs, (iii) high pH favors the formation of THMs while low pH is suitable of the formation of HAAs, (iv) high NOM, low temperature, low chlorine dose and moderate pH favors the formation of unstable DBPs (N-DBPs, HKs and HAs), (v) DBPs are toxic not only for humans but for aquatic fauna as well, (vi) membrane technologies, enhanced coagulation and AOPs remove NOM, (vii) adsorption, air stripping and other physical and chemical methods are post-formation approaches (viii) step-wise chlorination is assumed to be an efficient method to reduce DBPs formation without any treatment. Toxicity data revealed that N-DBPs are found to be more toxic than C-DBPs and aromatic DBPs than aliphatic DBPs. In majority of the studies, merely THMs and HAAs have been studied and USEPA has regulated just these two groups. Future studies should focus on emerging DBPs and provide information regarding their regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundas Kali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Marina Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Sheraz Ghaffar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Sajida Rasheed
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kotli, Azad Jamu Kashmir, Pakistan.
| | - Amir Waseem
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Eco-chemistry, Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Soil and Water Testing Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Chiniot, Government of Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Bilal Khan Niazi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Mazhar Iqbal Zafar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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Grajewski M, Hermann M, Oleschuk R, Verpoorte E, Salentijn G. Leveraging 3D printing to enhance mass spectrometry: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1166:338332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Lasarte-Aragonés G, Lucena R, Cárdenas S. Effervescence-Assisted Microextraction-One Decade of Developments. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25246053. [PMID: 33371453 PMCID: PMC7767422 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25246053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersive microextraction techniques are key in the analytical sample treatment context as they combine a favored thermodynamics and kinetics isolation of the target analytes from the sample matrix. The dispersion of the extractant in the form of tiny particles or drops, depending on the technique, into the sample enlarges the contact surface area between phases, thus enhancing the mass transference. This dispersion can be achieved by applying external energy sources, the use of chemicals, or the combination of both strategies. Effervescence-assisted microextraction emerged in 2011 as a new alternative in this context. The technique uses in situ-generated carbon dioxide as the disperser, and it has been successfully applied in the solid-phase and liquid-phase microextraction fields. This minireview explains the main fundamentals of the technique, its potential and the main developments reported.
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