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Yan C, Cai X, Zhou X, Luo Z, Deng J, Tian X, Shi J, Li W, Luo Y. Boosting peroxymonosulfate activation via Fe-Cu bimetallic hollow nanoreactor derived from copper smelting slag for efficient degradation of organics: The dual role of Cu. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 678:858-871. [PMID: 39222606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.08.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Valorization of iron-rich metallurgical slags in the construction of Fenton-like catalysts has an appealing potential from the perspective of sustainable development. For the first time, copper smelting slag (CSS) was utilized as the precursor to synthesize hollow sea urchin-like Fe-Cu nanoreactors (Cu1.5Fe1Si) to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for chlortetracycline hydrochloride (CTC) degradation. The hyper-channels and nano-sized cavities were formed in the catalysts owing to the induction and modification of Cu, not only promoting the in-situ growth of silicates and the formation of cavities due to the etching of SiO2 microspheres, but also resulting the generation of nanotubes through the distortion and rotation of the nanosheets. It was found that 100 % CTC degradation rate can be achieved within 10 min for Cu1.5Fe1Si, 75 times higher than that of Cu0Fe1Si (0.0024 up to 0.18 M-1‧min-1). The unique nanoconfined microenvironment structure could enrich reactants in the catalyst cavities, prolong the residence time of molecules, and increase the utilization efficiency of active species. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that Cu1.5Fe1Si has strong adsorption energy and excellent electron transport capacity for PMS, and Fe-Fe sites are mainly responsible for the activation of PMS, while Cu assists in accelerating the Fe(II)/Fe(Ⅲ) cycle and promotes the catalytic efficiency. The excellent mineralization rate (83.32 % within 10 min) and efficient treatment of CTC in consecutive trials corroborated the high activity and stability of the Cu1.5Fe1Si. This work provides a new idea for the rational design of solid waste-based eco-friendly functional materials, aiming at consolidating their practical application in advanced wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuirong Yan
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Kunming Metallurgy College, Kunming, Yunnan 650033, China
| | - Xiunan Cai
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Xintao Zhou
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Zhongqiu Luo
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Jiguang Deng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xincong Tian
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Jinyu Shi
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yongming Luo
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
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Bhatti SA, Qiao XC. A novel approach for recovery of iron from copper slag using calcium salts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:48264-48278. [PMID: 39020146 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34128-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Copper slag is not only a waste but it has many valuable and recoverable metals present in it such as iron. Therefore, this study focuses on the utilization of waste materials i.e., copper slag and tire char for iron recovery. Four calcium salts, i.e., CaCO3, Ca(OH)2, CaCl2, and CaSO4, with different dosages, reduction temperature, reduction time, and atmospheric conditions were investigated in order to find best reaction mechanism for iron recovery. Among these salts, the optimum conditions were determined: using CaCO3 under 0.384 of CaO/SiO2 molar ratio in a 60-min reduction period at 1473.15K temperature, that gives 91.14% iron recovery. Both FESEM-EDS data and chemical titration showed more than 70% of the highest iron grade in the recovered product. The analysis results indicate that main impurity in the whole procedure was carbon from coal char that reduces the iron grade. This research not only provides a novel way to recover iron from copper slag, but also provides a future direction to handle copper slag and tire char waste materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Abid Bhatti
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiu-Chen Qiao
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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3
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You M, Hu Y, Zhou C, Liu G. Speciation Characterization and Environmental Stability of Arsenic in Arsenic-Containing Copper Slag Tailing. Molecules 2024; 29:1502. [PMID: 38611783 PMCID: PMC11012958 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing presence of arsenic-containing impurities within Cu ores can adversely affect the smelting process and aggravate the environmental impact of slag tailing. This study investigates the geochemical, mineralogical, and chemical speciation characteristics to better understand the association and environmental stability of metal(loid)s in copper slag tailing. The results indicate that the predominant chemical compositions of the selected slag tailing are Fe2O3 (54.8%) and SiO2 (28.1%). These tailings exhibit potential for multi-elemental contamination due to elevated concentrations of environmentally sensitive elements. Mineral phases identified within the slag tailings include silicate (fayalite), oxides (magnetite and hematite), and sulfides (galena, sphalerite, arsenopyrite, and chalcopyrite). The consistent presence of silicate, iron, arsenic, and oxygen in the elemental distribution suggests the existence of arsenic within silicate minerals in the form of Si-Fe-As-O phases. Additionally, arsenic shows association with sulfide minerals and oxides. The percentages of arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)) within the selected slag tailings are 59.4% and 40.6%, respectively. While the slag tailings are deemed non-hazardous due to the minimal amounts of toxic elements in leachates, proper disposal measures should be taken due to the elevated carbonate-bound levels of As and Cu present in these tailings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu You
- School of Biology Engineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232001, China;
| | - Yunhu Hu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232001, China;
| | - Chuncai Zhou
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193, Road Tunxi, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Guijian Liu
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
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Mullaimalar A, Thanigaiselvan R, Karuppaiyan J, Kiruthika S, Jeyalakshmi R, Albeshr MF. An efficient eco-friendly adsorbent material based on waste copper slag-biomass ash geopolymer: dye sorption capacity and sustainable properties. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:110. [PMID: 38460044 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01920-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The primary intent of the research is to comprehensively assess the environmental benefits and cost dynamics associated with the adsorption process of CS-RHA (Copper Slag and Rice Husk Ash) to produce a novel geopolymer adsorbent material for application in wastewater treatment. The geopolymer forms a polyiron sialate network under alkali activation by dissolving fayalite, and aluminium silicate to ferro-ferri silicate hydrate gel. The mechanical strength, leaching characteristics, and microstructure of the geopolymer were determined using XRD and FTIR, and magnetic properties by VSM as well surface properties were derived from BET surface area and zeta potential. Recognizing the critical role of sodium iron silicate hydrate (NFS) in the sorption of methylene blue (MB) dyestuff, batch experiments were carried out using different adsorbents. The results indicated that the dye removal efficiency increased from 60% in control samples (FS) to 98% for the blend (FS1) under different pH values. The data was found to fit with the nonlinear form of Freundlich isotherm and follow pseudo-second-order kinetics. The active adsorption sites were deduced as -O-Fe-O-Si-O-Na and Si-OH groups. The addition of RHA increases the adsorption capacity of the geopolymer in a short time through chemical adsorption. The significant negative surface charge promotes MB adsorption via improved electrostatic attraction. The spent adsorbents were recovered through magnetic separation with a retrieval rate of 80-85% and active sites were rejuvenated by calcination. Consequently, waste copper slag emerges as a promising adsorbent with minimum potential ecological risk and high effective recycling capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mullaimalar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Rithikaa Thanigaiselvan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Janani Karuppaiyan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - S Kiruthika
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - R Jeyalakshmi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
| | - Mohammed F Albeshr
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Wang L, Chen Y, Xu Y, Ma Y, Du Y. Co-recovery of Mn and Fe from pyrolusite and copper slag with hydrometallurgy process: Kinetics and leaching mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:125877-125888. [PMID: 38008844 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
With the shortage of high-quality raw materials and increasingly strict environmental regulations, the recovery of metals from copper slag and pyrolusite has become a research hotspot. A novel method for simultaneously extracting Mn and Fe from pyrolusite and copper slag has been proposed. Under the optimal conditions (Copper slag / Pyrolusite = 2, H2SO4 = 2 M, liquid-solid ratio = 10, T = 90 ℃, holding time = 60 min), the leaching efficiencies of Mn and Fe can reach 98.28% and 99.04%, respectively. In addition, the treated residue containing 60.04 wt% SiO2 can be used as a raw building material. Through chemical kinetics and mineralogical transformation analyses, Fe2SiO4 in copper slag decomposes to release Fe2+, which can reduce and leach Mn from pyrolusite. The unreacted shrinkage nuclear reaction model under the control of the surface chemical reaction is the most suitable model to describe the process, and when the apparent activation energy is 35.50 kJ/mol, the apparent rate equation is: [Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanbin Wang
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangming Xu
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Ma
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaguang Du
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
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Li F, Zhang S, Zhu N, Ke J, Zhao Y, Ma W, Wu P. Strong binding of heavy metals in fayalite of copper smelting slags: Lattice site substitution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 866:161351. [PMID: 36603619 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A deep understanding of the binding relationship between Fe2SiO4 and heavy metals from the perspective of lattice site substitution is essential to improve the theoretical knowledge regarding heavy metals binding in copper smelting slags (CSS). Here, we proposed the lattice site substitution behavior of heavy metals in Fe2SiO4 by preparing M-Fe2SiO4 (M = Cu, Pb, and As). X-ray diffraction refinement, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that heavy metals were involved in the formation of Fe2SiO4 during the smelting process. Compared with pure Fe2SiO4, the fine structure of M-Fe2SiO4 was significantly changed by the lattice substitution of heavy metals. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman and Mossbauer spectra combined with Density Functional Theory calculation confirmed that the divalent metal elements including Cu and Pb were bound to the Fe2SiO4 lattice by replacing M2 site. However, the trivalent As element could substitute both the positions of M2 site and part of the central Si atom through a charge compensation mechanism. Overall, the proposed lattice site substitution behavior of heavy metals in Fe2SiO4 could enrich the theory of the lattice substitution of heavy metals in CSS, also further provide guidance for the comprehensive disposal of CSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Sihai Zhang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Nengwu Zhu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Cluster Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Junyao Ke
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yun Zhao
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Weiwen Ma
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Pingxiao Wu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Cluster Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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Preparation of phosphogypsum-copper smelting slag-based consolidating body with high compressive strength. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:42075-42086. [PMID: 36645604 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25241-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Phosphogypsum (PG) is an industrial waste residue produced during the production of phosphoric acid through the wet process. With strong acidity and a large amount of toxic impurities, PG is difficult to reuse. In this study, the solidified body (PG-S) was made by mechanical compression of the mixture of PG, copper smelting slag (CSS), CaO, NaOH, and water. Results indicate that the composition of the material phases in the PG-S samples changed with hydrated calcium silicate and amorphous silicate derivatives were formed during the reaction; Fe and Ca in the material were transformed; and the prepared geopolymer material had a dense internal structure with the materials being cemented to each other. The highest compressive strength of PG-S cured for 28 days could reach 21.3 MPa with a fixation efficiency of PO43-and F-reaching 99.81 and 94.10%, respectively. The leaching concentration of heavy metals of the PG-S cured for 28 days met the requirements of the Comprehensive Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB 8978-1996). The simulation results of the geochemical model verified the feasibility of the whole immobilization process from the thermodynamic point of view. This work directly uses copper smelting slag and phosphogypsum for coupled immobilization/stabilization treatment not only to achieve the immobilization of pollutants in both solid wastes but also to obtain colloidal masses with certain compressive strength, which also provides a new option for resource utilization of phosphogypsum and copper smelting slag. This work also shows great potential in turning the actual mine backfill into cementitious material.
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Zhou H, Liu G, Zhou C, Arif M, Sun M, Chen Y, Liu Y. Water-assisted-mechanical activation of copper pyrometallurgical tailings for molybdenum leaching and selective removal of environmentally-hazardous elements. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.123088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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9
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Xu Y, Xia H, Zhang Q, Cai W, Jiang G, Zhang L. Optimization of Zinc and Germanium Recovery Process from Zinc Oxide Dust by Response Surface Methodology. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Xu
- Faculty of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology 253 Xuefu Road, Wuhua District Kunming 650093 Yunnan China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization Kunming University of Science and Technology 253 Xuefu Road, Wuhua District Kunming 650093 Yunnan China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intensification Metallurgy Kunming University of Science and Technology 253 Xuefu Road, Wuhua District Kunming 650093 Yunnan China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy Ministry of Education 253 Xuefu Road, Wuhua District Kunming 650093 Yunnan China
| | - Hongying Xia
- Faculty of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology 253 Xuefu Road, Wuhua District Kunming 650093 Yunnan China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization Kunming University of Science and Technology 253 Xuefu Road, Wuhua District Kunming 650093 Yunnan China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intensification Metallurgy Kunming University of Science and Technology 253 Xuefu Road, Wuhua District Kunming 650093 Yunnan China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy Ministry of Education 253 Xuefu Road, Wuhua District Kunming 650093 Yunnan China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Faculty of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology 253 Xuefu Road, Wuhua District Kunming 650093 Yunnan China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization Kunming University of Science and Technology 253 Xuefu Road, Wuhua District Kunming 650093 Yunnan China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intensification Metallurgy Kunming University of Science and Technology 253 Xuefu Road, Wuhua District Kunming 650093 Yunnan China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy Ministry of Education 253 Xuefu Road, Wuhua District Kunming 650093 Yunnan China
| | - Wuchen Cai
- Faculty of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology 253 Xuefu Road, Wuhua District Kunming 650093 Yunnan China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization Kunming University of Science and Technology 253 Xuefu Road, Wuhua District Kunming 650093 Yunnan China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intensification Metallurgy Kunming University of Science and Technology 253 Xuefu Road, Wuhua District Kunming 650093 Yunnan China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy Ministry of Education 253 Xuefu Road, Wuhua District Kunming 650093 Yunnan China
| | - Guiyu Jiang
- Faculty of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology 253 Xuefu Road, Wuhua District Kunming 650093 Yunnan China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization Kunming University of Science and Technology 253 Xuefu Road, Wuhua District Kunming 650093 Yunnan China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intensification Metallurgy Kunming University of Science and Technology 253 Xuefu Road, Wuhua District Kunming 650093 Yunnan China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy Ministry of Education 253 Xuefu Road, Wuhua District Kunming 650093 Yunnan China
| | - Libo Zhang
- Faculty of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology 253 Xuefu Road, Wuhua District Kunming 650093 Yunnan China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization Kunming University of Science and Technology 253 Xuefu Road, Wuhua District Kunming 650093 Yunnan China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intensification Metallurgy Kunming University of Science and Technology 253 Xuefu Road, Wuhua District Kunming 650093 Yunnan China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy Ministry of Education 253 Xuefu Road, Wuhua District Kunming 650093 Yunnan China
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Study of the Effect of Fluxing Ability of Flux Ores on Minimizing of Copper Losses with Slags during Copper Concentrate Smelting. METALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/met12081240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The article describes the effect of the fluxing ability (FA) of ores used as a flux on slag formation and copper losses. In Kazakhstan, at the Balkhash copper smelting plant (BCSP), currently used fluxes have a very low SiO2 content—about 62%—whereas the Al2O3 content is 12%. Its fluxing ability (FA) was estimated, and it was shown that currently used silica fluxes have an exceedingly low FA. Only half of the fluxes participate in the slag formation. To obtain slags with a low magnetite concentration, a considerable surplus of flux must be added, which will result in a sharp reduction in its melt temperature, increased slag output, and therefore copper losses. The slag structure was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). To determine one of the primary causes of flux ores’ low FA, it is necessary to use the microstructural pattern of experimental samples.
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Zhao Q, Pang L, Wang D. Adverse Effects of Using Metallurgical Slags as Supplementary Cementitious Materials and Aggregate: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:3803. [PMID: 35683104 PMCID: PMC9181056 DOI: 10.3390/ma15113803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper discusses a sustainable way to prepare construction materials from metallurgical slags. Steel slag, copper slag, lead-zinc slag, and electric furnace ferronickel slag are the most common metallurgical slags that could be used as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) and aggregates. However, they have some adverse effects that could significantly limit their applications when used in cement-based materials. The setting time is significantly delayed when steel slag is utilized as an SCM. With the addition of 30% steel slag, the initial setting time and final setting time are delayed by approximately 60% and 40%, respectively. Because the specific gravity of metallurgical slags is 10-40% higher than that of natural aggregates, metallurgical slags tend to promote segregation when utilized as aggregates. Furthermore, some metallurgical slags deteriorate the microstructure of hardened pastes, resulting in higher porosity, lower mechanical properties, and decreased durability. In terms of safety, there are issues with the soundness of steel slag, the alkali-silica reaction involving cement and electric furnace ferronickel slag, and the environmental safety concerns, due to the leaching of heavy metals from copper slag and lead-zinc slag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhao
- Beijing Urban Construction Group, Beijing 101499, China;
| | - Lang Pang
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100091, China;
| | - Dengquan Wang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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12
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Xu DM, Fu RB. The mechanistic understanding of potential bioaccessibility of toxic heavy metals in the indigenous zinc smelting slags with multidisciplinary characterization. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 425:127864. [PMID: 34915297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Smelting slags is a well-known industrial solid waste, while there were limited studies on the key factors controlling the potential health risks caused by these smelting slags. In this work, the metal bioaccessibility in the size fractionated-zinc smelting slags was examined using various In vitro assays, in combination with multidisciplinary methods. The results indicated that the bioaccessible fractions of heavy metals showed a significant difference, but no statistical difference among different particle sizes of the zinc smelting slags. The bioaccessible metal fractions in the gastric (GP) and gastrointestinal (GIP) phases were 0 (Cr) - 91.39% (Cd)) and 0 (Cr) - 47.80% (Ni). Among the studied metals, Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn were the most bioaccessible to human. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that the carbonate bound phases of heavy metals were responsible for their bioaccessibility in GP and GIP. Moreover, the combined results of multidisciplinary characterization also further implied that the solubility behaviors of toxic elements in the smelting slags were dominated by soluble metal bearing- mineral phases and absorbable Fe, Mn and Al-rich minerals and metal bearing-precipitates during SBRC extractions. Therefore, these study results provide a insight into the potential controls of metal bioaccessibility in the zinc smelting slags, which was of great significance from the aspects of their resource recycling and risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Mao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Centre for Environmental Risk Management and Remediation of Soil and Groundwater, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Rong-Bing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Centre for Environmental Risk Management and Remediation of Soil and Groundwater, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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Sun R, Huang R, Yang J, Wang C. Magnetic copper smelter slag as heterogeneous catalyst for tetracycline degradation: Process variables, kinetics, and characterizations. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 285:131560. [PMID: 34710966 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of solid wastes and wastewater for sustainable development has been a hot topic. This work proposes a novel process of "waste treating waste" using magnetic copper smelter slag (CSS) as heterogeneous catalyst. The effect of process variables and water matrix was studied on catalytic performance. Under conditions of CSS 10 g/L, H2O2 100 mM, pH 4.4, and temperature 25 °C, tetracycline can be effectively degraded within 30 min. The apparent rate constant is comparable to or higher than previous reports, and the activation energy is 37 kJ/mol. The broad operation pH, slight effect of water matrix, and magnetic property of CSS are favorable for potential application. CSS was characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm, SEM-EDS, XRD, XPS, ICP and zeta potential. The dominant components of CSS are fayalite and magnetite, and the major metals of Fe and Cu provide active sites for H2O2 activation. Hydroxyl radical generated by H2O2 activation is dominant oxidative specie for tetracycline degradation. The plausible mechanism of tetracycline degradation in the solution and on catalyst surface is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Rong Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jiapeng Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chongqing Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Turan MD, Karamyrzayev G, Nadirov R. Recovery of zinc from copper smelter slag by sulfuric acid leaching in an aqueous and alcoholic environment. CHEMICAL BULLETIN OF KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.15328/cb1244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The content of zinc in copper smelter slags obtained from pyrometallurgical copper production is comparable to the content of this metal in zinc ores. Therefore, these slags are considered a valuable secondary resource for zinc recovery. At the same time, the features of the mineralogical composition of the slag make the extraction of zinc from it very problematic. Most of the zinc is concentrated in the refractory zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4). To avoid the formation of a viscous pulp when leaching copper smelter slag with an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid, in this work, the slag was leached with sulfuric acid also in isopropanol and n-pentanol, under the following conditions: 0.5 M H2SO4, pulp density 50 g/L, magnetic stirrer rotation speed 600 rpm. The influence of the duration and temperature of leaching milled (≤100 μm) copper smelter slag of the Balkhash copper smelter on the extraction of zinc into solution was investigated. It was found that the maximum zinc recovery into an aqueous solution was 75 ± 2% at 363 K and 210 min. Replacing water with isopropanol or n-pentanol led to an increase in zinc recovery to 82 ± 2% at 210 min and a lower temperature (353 K) than in an aqueous environment. An increase in temperature to 383 K during leaching in n-pentanol made it possible to extract 92 ± 2% of zinc. A shrinking core model was used to describe the kinetics of the zinc leaching process. It was found that the limiting stage of the process under all investigated conditions is the chemical leaching reaction. Some kinetic characteristics of the leaching process were calculated, in particular, the apparent reaction rate constants, as well as the activation energy.
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