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Li F, Yin H, Zhu T, Zhuang W. Understanding the role of manganese oxides in retaining harmful metals: Insights into oxidation and adsorption mechanisms at microstructure level. ECO-ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH (ONLINE) 2024; 3:89-106. [PMID: 38445215 PMCID: PMC10912526 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The increasing intensity of human activities has led to a critical environmental challenge: widespread metal pollution. Manganese (Mn) oxides have emerged as potentially natural scavengers that perform crucial functions in the biogeochemical cycling of metal elements. Prior reviews have focused on the synthesis, characterization, and adsorption kinetics of Mn oxides, along with the transformation pathways of specific layered Mn oxides. This review conducts a meticulous investigation of the molecular-level adsorption and oxidation mechanisms of Mn oxides on hazardous metals, including adsorption patterns, coordination, adsorption sites, and redox processes. We also provide a comprehensive discussion of both internal factors (surface area, crystallinity, octahedral vacancy content in Mn oxides, and reactant concentration) and external factors (pH, presence of doped or pre-adsorbed metal ions) affecting the adsorption/oxidation of metals by Mn oxides. Additionally, we identify existing gaps in understanding these mechanisms and suggest avenues for future research. Our goal is to enhance knowledge of Mn oxides' regulatory roles in metal element translocation and transformation at the microstructure level, offering a framework for developing effective metal adsorbents and pollution control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Institute of Eco-environmental Forensics, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Hui Yin
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tianqiang Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Institute of Eco-environmental Forensics, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wen Zhuang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Institute of Eco-environmental Forensics, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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2
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Xue Y, Jia Y, Liu S, Yuan S, Ma R, Ma Q, Fan J, Zhang WX. Electrochemical reduction of wastewater by non-noble metal cathodes: From terminal purification to upcycling recovery. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132106. [PMID: 37506648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
A shift beyond conventional environmental remediation to a sustainable pollutant upgrading conversion is extremely desirable due to the rising demand for resources and widespread chemical contamination. Electrochemical reduction processes (ERPs) have drawn considerable attention in recent years in the fields of oxyanion reduction, metal recovery, detoxification and high-value conversion of halogenated organics and benzenes. ERPs also have the potential to address the inherent limitations of conventional chemical reduction technologies in terms of hydrogen and noble metal requirements. Fundamentally, mechanisms of ERPs can be categorized into three main pathways: direct electron transfer, atomic hydrogen mediation, and electrode redox pairs. Furthermore, this review consolidates state-of-the-art non-noble metal cathodes and their performance comparable to noble metals (e.g., Pd, Pt) in electrochemical reduction of inorganic/organic pollutants. To overview the research trends of ERPs, we innovatively sort out the relationship between the electrochemical reduction rate, the charge of the pollutant, and the number of electron transfers based on the statistical analysis. And we propose potential countermeasures of pulsed electrocatalysis and flow mode enhancement for the bottlenecks in electron injection and mass transfer for electronegative pollutant reduction. We conclude by discussing the gaps in the scientific and engineering level of ERPs, and envisage that ERPs can be a low-carbon pathway for industrial wastewater detoxification and valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Shuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Shiyin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Raner Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Qian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jianwei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Wei-Xian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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Wang S, Wen J, Mu L, Hu X, Feng R, Jia Y. Highly active complexes of pyrite and organic matter regulate arsenic fate. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131967. [PMID: 37421861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) presents high toxicity and strong carcinogenicity, and its health risks are regulated by its oxidation state and speciation. As can form complexes with the surface of minerals or organic matter through adsorption, affecting its toxicity and bioavailability. However, the regulation effect of the interaction of coexisting minerals and organic matter on As fate remains largely unknown. Here, we discovered that minerals (e.g., pyrite) and organic matter (e.g., alanyl glutamine, AG) can form pyrite-AG complexes, promoting As(III) oxidation under simulated solar irradiation. The formation of pyrite-AG was explored in terms of the interaction of surface oxygen atoms, electron transfer and crystal surface changes. From the perspective of atoms and molecules, pyrite-AG showed more oxygen vacancies, stronger reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a higher electron transport capacity than pyrite alone. Compared with pyrite, pyrite-AG effectively promoted the conversion of highly toxic As(III) to less toxic As(V) due to the enhanced photochemical properties. Moreover, quantification and capture of ROS confirmed that hydroxyl radicals (•OH) played an important role in As(III) oxidation in the pyrite-AG and As(III) system. Our results provide previously unidentified perspectives on the effects and chemical mechanisms of highly active complexes of mineral and organic matter on As fate and provide new insights into the risk assessment and control of As pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Product Safety, Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Controlling Agro-Product Quality Safety (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 300191 Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300350 Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyu Wen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Product Safety, Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Controlling Agro-Product Quality Safety (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 300191 Tianjin, China
| | - Li Mu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Product Safety, Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Controlling Agro-Product Quality Safety (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 300191 Tianjin, China.
| | - Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300350 Tianjin, China
| | - Ruihong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300350 Tianjin, China
| | - Yuying Jia
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300350 Tianjin, China
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Xu Z, Sun M, Xu X, Cao X, Ippolito JA, Mohanty SK, Ni BJ, Xu S, Tsang DCW. Electron donation of Fe-Mn biochar for chromium(VI) immobilization: Key roles of embedded zero-valent iron clusters within iron-manganese oxide. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 456:131632. [PMID: 37210785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The dense surface passivation layer on zero-valent iron (ZVI) restricts its efficiency for water decontamination, causing a poor economy and waste of resources. Herein, we found that the ZVI on Fe-Mn biochar could afford a high electron-donating efficiency for the Cr(VI) reduction and immobilization. Over 78.0% of Fe in the Fe-Mn biochar was used for the Cr(VI) reduction and immobilization, i.e., 56.2 - 161.7 times higher than the commercial ZVI (0.5%) and modified ZVI (0.9 -1.3%), indicating that the unique ZVI species in Fe-Mn biochar offered an outstanding Fe utilization efficiency. We proposed that oxygen atoms in the FeO in the FeMnO2 precursor were removed during pyrolysis with biochar while the MnO skeleton was preserved, forming the embedded ZVI clusters within Fe-Mn oxide. The unique structure inhibited the formation of the Fe-Cr complex on Fe(0), which would facilitate the electron transfer between core Fe(0) and Cr(VI). Moreover, the surface FeMnO2 inhibited the diffusion of Fe and facilitated its affinity with pollutants, thus supporting higher efficiency for pollutant immobilization. The preserved performance of Fe-Mn biochar was proved in industrial wastewater and after long-term oxidation process, and the economic benefit was evaluated. This work provides a new approach for developing active ZVI-based materials with high Fe utilization efficiency and economics for water pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibo Xu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mingzhe Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinde Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - James A Ippolito
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, United States
| | - Sanjay K Mohanty
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, United States
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shuguang Xu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Dewi AK, Sharma RK, Das K, Sukul U, Lin PY, Huang YH, Lu CM, Lu CK, Chen TH, Chen CY. Biologically-induced synthetic manganese carbonate precipitate (BISMCP) for potential applications in heavy metal removal. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15919. [PMID: 37223715 PMCID: PMC10200859 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution of water is a burning issue of today's world. Among several strategies involved for heavy metal remediation purpose, biomineralization has shown great potential. Of late, research has been focused on developing effective mineral adsorbents with reduced time and cost consumption. In this present paper, the Biologically-Induced Synthetic Manganese Carbonate Precipitate (BISMCP) was produced based on the biologically-induced mineralization method, employing Sporosarcina pasteurii in aqueous solutions containing urea and MnCl2. The prepared adsorbent was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), SEM-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and BET surface area analyzer. EDX analysis showed the elements in the crystal BISMCP were Mn, C, and O. XRD result of BISMCP determined the crystal structure, which is close to rhodochrosite (MnCO3). Spectral peaks of FTIR at 1641.79 cm-1 confirmed the appearance of C[bond, double bond]O binding, with strong stretching of CO32- in Amide I. From the six kinds of BISMCP produced, sample MCP-6 has the higher specific surface area by BET analysis at 109.01 m2/g, with pore size at 8.76 nm and higher pore volume at 0.178 cm3/g. These specifications will be suitable as an adsorbent for heavy metal removal by adsorption process. This study presents a preliminary analysis of the possibility of BISMCP for heavy metals adsorption using ICP multi-element standard solution XIII (As, Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn). BISMCP formed from 0.1 MnCl2 and 30 ml of bacteria volume (MCP-6) produced a better adsorbent material than others concentrations, with the adsorption efficiency of total As at 98.9%, Cr at 97.0%, Cu at 94.7%, Cd at 88.3%, Zn at 48.6%, and Ni at 29.5%. Future work could be examined its efficiency adsorbing individual heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anggraeni Kumala Dewi
- Department of Physics, National Chung Cheng University, University Road, Minhsiung, Chiayi County, 62102, Taiwan
- Doctoral Program in Science, Technology, Environment, and Mathematics, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County, 62102, Taiwan
| | - Raju Kumar Sharma
- Doctoral Program in Science, Technology, Environment, and Mathematics, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County, 62102, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County, 62102, Taiwan
| | - Koyeli Das
- Doctoral Program in Science, Technology, Environment, and Mathematics, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County, 62102, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County, 62102, Taiwan
| | - Uttara Sukul
- Doctoral Program in Science, Technology, Environment, and Mathematics, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County, 62102, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County, 62102, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Yun Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County, 62102, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsun Huang
- Doctoral Program in Science, Technology, Environment, and Mathematics, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County, 62102, Taiwan
| | - Chung Ming Lu
- Doctoral Program in Science, Technology, Environment, and Mathematics, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County, 62102, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, University Road, Minhsiung, Chiayi County, 62102, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Kang Lu
- Department of Chest Division, Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital 600566, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital 600566, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yen Chen
- Doctoral Program in Science, Technology, Environment, and Mathematics, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County, 62102, Taiwan
- Center for Nano Bio-Detection, Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society, AIM-HI, National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County, 62102, Taiwan
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Cai Z, Yang F, Song Y, Liu Y, Liu W, Wang Q, Sun X. Semiconducting mineral induced photochemical conversion of PAHs in aquatic environment: Mechanism study and fate prediction. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 860:160382. [PMID: 36460111 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting minerals (such as iron sulfides) are highly abundant in surface water, but their influences on the natural photochemical process of contaminants are still unknown. By simulating the natural water environment under solar irradiation, this work comprehensively investigated the photochemical processes of anthracene (a typical Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) in both freshwater and seawater. The results show that the natural pyrite (NP) significantly promotes the degradation of anthracene under solar illumination via 1) NP induced photocatalytic degradation of anthracene, and 2) Fenton reaction due to the NP induced photocatalytic generation of H2O2. The material characterization and theoretical calculation reveal that the natural impurity in NP enlarges its band gap, which limits the utilization of solar spectra to shorter wavelength. The contribution of generated reactive intermediates on anthracene degradation follows the order of 1O2 >OH > O2- in freshwater and O2- >1O2 >OH in seawater. The photochemically generated H2O2 is a vital source for OH generation (from Fenton reaction). The steady-state concentration of OH, 1O2 and O2- in freshwater were monitored as 3.0 × 10-15 M, 1.1 × 10-13 M, and 4.5 × 10-14 M, respectively. However, the OH concentration in seawater can be negligible due to the quenching effects by halides, and the 1O2 and O2- concentrations are higher than that in freshwater. An anthracene degradation kinetic model was built based on the experimentally determined reactive intermediates concentration and its second order rate constant with anthracene. Moreover, the anthracene degradation pathway was proposed based on intermediates analysis and DFT calculation, and its toxicity evolution during the photochemical process was assessed by quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) based prediction. This finding suggests that the natural semiconducting minerals can affect the fate and environmental risks of contaminants in natural water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqing Cai
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Fuquan Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yanyu Song
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yongdi Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wen Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education; College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qilin Wang
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Xianbo Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Liu L, Zhang M, Suib SL, Qiu G. Rapid photooxidation and removal of As(III) from drinking water using Fe-Mn composite oxide. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 226:119297. [PMID: 36323219 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fe-Mn composite oxide (FMO) is widely applied to the oxidation and removal of As(III) from water. However, As(III) can directly reduce manganese oxides, decreasing the oxidation capacity or reusability and thereby greatly limiting the applicability of FMO. Here, the oxidation capacity and reusability of FMO for As(III) were efficiently improved by light radiation, and the effect of typical coexisting ions (SO42- and Ca2+) on the removal of As(III) was also studied. O2•- produced from excited manganese oxide and ligand-to-metal charge transfer in iron oxide-As(III) complex enhanced As(III) oxidation and removal under light radiation. At an initial As(III) concentration of 1000 μg L-1, the total As concentration was respectively decreased to 11.5, 1.5 and 4.4 μg L-1 under darkness, UV light and sunlight at 180 min, and could be reduced to below the guideline limitation of drinking water (10 μg L-1) within 40 and 60 min under UV light and sunlight, respectively. SO42- exhibited negligible effect on As removal efficiency because FMO had obviously lower adsorption capacity and selectivity for SO42- than for As(V). The adsorption of coexisting Ca2+ on manganese oxide decreased the negative charge on the FMO surface, thereby improving As(III) adsorption and oxidation. FMO exhibited excellent reusability, and a total As removal efficiency of 99.1% was still maintained after five cycles of an adsorption-desorption process under UV light. This work elucidates the photochemical oxidation and removal mechanism of FMO for As(III), and proposes a low-cost and efficient method for the detoxification of As(III)-contaminated drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingzhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Steven L Suib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, USA
| | - Guohong Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
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8
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Xu R, Li Q, Liao L, Wu Z, Yin Z, Yang Y, Jiang T. Simultaneous and efficient removal of multiple heavy metal(loid)s from aqueous solutions using Fe/Mn (hydr)oxide and phosphate mineral composites synthesized by regulating the proportion of Fe(II), Fe(III), Mn(II) and PO 43. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 438:129481. [PMID: 35803195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel adsorbent FMPs consisting of Fe/Mn (hydr)oxides and phosphate minerals was synthesized by regulating the proportion of Fe(II), Fe(III), Mn(II) and PO43-, and its removal behaviors and possible mechanisms for Cd(II), Pb(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), As(III), Sb(III), As(V) and Sb(V) were systematically investigated. Batch adsorption experiments revealed that the adsorption process of FMPs to these metal(loid) ions conformed to pseudo-second-order (R2 > 0.99) and Redlich-Peterson (R2 > 0.94) models in the mono-component system, demonstrating a hybrid chemical reaction-adsorption process. In addition, the solution pH and ionic strength could affect the adsorption capacity of FMPs to heavy metal(loid)s with varying degrees. Besides, FMPs presented feasible stability and reusability even after four cycles. Combining the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, the adsorption mechanisms of FMPs mainly included surface complexation, electrostatic adsorption, inner-sphere complexation, hydrogen bonding, redox and pore-filling. In a multi-component system, FMPs exhibited an excellent affinity for capturing Pb(II) and Sb(III/V). This work provides an alternative method for designing and developing a series of novel adsorbent in removing multiple heavy metal(loid)s from wastewater, and demonstrated its application prospect in the remediation of multi-metal(loid) composite polluted water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China.
| | - Lang Liao
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China
| | - Zhenguo Wu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China
| | - Zhe Yin
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China
| | - Yongbin Yang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China
| | - Tao Jiang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China
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9
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Wang Y, Guo C, Zhang L, Lu X, Liu Y, Li X, Wang Y, Wang S. Arsenic Oxidation and Removal from Water via Core-Shell MnO 2@La(OH) 3 Nanocomposite Adsorption. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10649. [PMID: 36078364 PMCID: PMC9518204 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As(III)), more toxic and with less affinity than arsenate (As(V)), is hard to remove from the aqueous phase due to the lack of efficient adsorbents. In this study, a core-shell structured MnO2@La(OH)3 nanocomposite was synthesized via a facile two-step precipitation method. Its removal performance and mechanisms for As(V) and As(III) were investigated through batch adsorption experiments and a series of analysis methods including the transformation kinetics of arsenic species in As(III) removal, FTIR, XRD and XPS. Solution pH could significantly influence the removal efficiencies of arsenic. The adsorption process of As(V) occurred rapidly in the first 5 h and then gradually decreased, whereas the As(III) removal rate was relatively slower. The maximum adsorption capacities of As(V) and As(III) were up to 138.9 and 139.9 mg/g at pH 4.0, respectively. For As(V) removal, the inner-sphere complexes of lanthanum arsenate were formed through the ligand exchange reactions and coprecipitation. The oxidation of As(III) to the less toxic As(V) by δ-MnO2 and subsequently the synergistic adsorption process by the lanthanum hydroxide on the MnO2@La(OH)3 nanocomposite to form lanthanum arsenate were the dominant mechanisms of As(III) removal. XPS analysis indicated that approximately 20.6% of Mn in the nanocomposite after As(III) removal were Mn(II). Furthermore, a small amount of Mn(II) and La(III) were released into solution during the process of As(III) removal. These results confirm its efficient performance in the arsenic-containing water treatment, such as As(III)-contaminated groundwater used for irrigation and As(V)-contaminated industrial wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Chen Guo
- National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xihao Lu
- National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- College of Software, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xuhui Li
- National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Shaofeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Yang Y, Rao X, Fu Q, Zhang X, Gao J, Wan X, Zhu J, Huang G, Hu H. The inhibiting effects of organic acids on arsenic immobilization by ferrihydrite: Gallic acid as an example. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 299:134286. [PMID: 35304216 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organic acids usually compete the immobilization of As by iron (hydro)oxides, but their oxidizing effects are ignored. Therefore, the gallic acid (GA) with strong redox activity was chosen to investigate the influence of arsenite [As(III)] oxidation on As immobilization by ferrihydrite. Our results found that the As amount adsorbed on ferrihydrite decreased with the pH rising from 5 to 9 in the presence of GA, and the adsorption amount (28.8 g kg-1) at pH 9 was 45.1% lower than that in the absence of GA. Meanwhile, the As adsorption amounts in treatments of GA addition before As (Fh-GA-As(III)) were significantly lower than that in their corresponding simultaneous addition (Fh-As(III)/GA). The proportions of As(V)/Astotal on ferrihydrite and in equilibrium suspension were increased as the pH increased in the presence of GA, and the highest oxidation efficiency of As(III) by GA at pH 9 was 90.3%, which was mainly due to the contribution of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 52.6%) and semiquinone radicals (SQ-, 27.1%). In general, the oxidation and competition adsorption of As by GA inhibited the As immobilization by ferrihydrite, and the oxidation of As(III) by GA was strongly dependent on pH, while H2O2 and SQ- were demonstrated as the main oxidant at pH 9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiongfei Rao
- Tobacco Research Institute of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qingling Fu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jieyu Gao
- Hubei Geological Survey, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Xiang Wan
- Hubei Geological Survey, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guoyong Huang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hongqing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
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11
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Hu P, Wang S, Zhuo Y. Strengthened CO2 adsorption over Ce/Al-promoted MgO for fast capture. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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12
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Xie X, Lu C, Xu R, Yang X, Yan L, Su C. Arsenic removal by manganese-doped mesoporous iron oxides from groundwater: Performance and mechanism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150615. [PMID: 34592280 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
FeMn bimetallic oxides have been widely used in catalytic adsorption due to their large pore size, large specific surface area and mesoporous structure, which have great potential for high As groundwater remediation. In this study, FeMn composite oxide was synthesized by template-free route and forming mesopores through high temperature calcination, and its efficiency and mechanism for As removal were subsequently investigated. The results showed that the different Fe/Mn molar ratios and calcination temperatures have important effect on FeMn composite oxides performance. For all synthesized materials, the largest specific surface area is 388.6 m2/g of Fe1Mn1-300. The maximum As absorption capacity was also reached by Fe1Mn1-300, which is 59.44 mg/g for As(III) and 31.68 mg/g for As(V), respectively. As removal efficiency was further evaluated through batch adsorption experiments conducted with five variables, initial As concentration, adsorption equilibrium time, pH, solid-to-liquid ratio, and competitive ions. The adsorption capacity of the material reaches to the maximum when the initial As concentration is 40 mg/L, and that for As(III) and As(V) is 74.05 and 38.09 mg/g, respectively. When the pH rises, the adsorption capacity generally shows a decreasing trend, thus acidic conditions are more conducive to the adsorption reaction. The optimum solid-to-liquid ratios for removal 10 mg/L of As(III) and As(V) are 0.3 mg/L and 1 mg/L, respectively. The order of competitive ions effects on As removal is: PO43- > HCO3- > SO42- ≈ NO3- ≈ Cl-. The adsorption mechanisms for As by FeMn composite oxides included adsorption, co-precipitation and oxidative chelation, which was a combination of physical and chemical process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 430074 Wuhan, China.
| | - Chun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Xueqian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Chunli Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 430074 Wuhan, China
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Liu L, Guo D, Ning Z, Liu C, Qiu G. Solar irradiation induced oxidation and adsorption of arsenite on natural pyrite. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 203:117545. [PMID: 34416646 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The migration and bioavailability of toxic elemental arsenic (As) are influenced by the adsorption and redox processes of sulfide minerals in waters around mining areas. Pyrite is the most abundant sulfide mineral in the Earth's crust and exhibits certain photochemical activity. However, the adsorption and redox behaviors of arsenite (As(III)) on pyrite surface under solar irradiation remain unclear. Here, the interaction between As(III) and natural pyrite was investigated under light irradiation. The results indicated that solar irradiation promotes As(III) oxidation and adsorption on pyrite surface due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) intermediates. The reactions between H2O/O2 and hole-electron pairs (hvb+-ecb-) on excited pyrite and the oxidation of Fe2+ released from pyrite by dissolved O2 contributed much to the generation of OH•, O2•- and H2O2 under light irradiation. ROS production and As(III) oxidation were accelerated by dissolved O2. An increase in pH within 5.0 to 9.0 decreased the concentration of OH• but increased that of H2O2 and the amount of oxidized As(III). In weakly acidic and neutral environments, OH• was mainly responsible for As(III) oxidation, while H2O2 contributed much to As(III) oxidation in weakly alkaline environments. Partial arsenate (As(V)) was adsorbed on pyrite and newly formed ferrihydrite. The present work enriches the understanding of As migration and transformation in the waters around mining areas, and provides a potential method for As(III) removal by using pyrite under solar irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Diman Guo
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zengping Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Chengshuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Guohong Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China.
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14
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Zheng Q, Tu S, Hou J, Ni C, Wang M, Ren L, Wang M, Cao M, Xiong S, Tan W. Insights into the underlying mechanisms of stability working for As(III) removal by Fe-Mn binary oxide as a highly efficient adsorbent. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 203:117558. [PMID: 34425436 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fe-Mn binary oxide has received increasing interest in treating As(III)-containing polluted groundwater due to its low cost and environmental friendliness. Although the stability of Fe-Mn binary oxide is as important as its adsorption ability, little is known about whether and why Fe-Mn binary oxide is stable during As(III) removal. In this study, five successive cycles were conducted to evaluate the stability of Fe-Mn binary oxide for As(III) removal. As(III) oxidation/adsorption kinetics and the speciation distribution of the released Fe and Mn elements within single Fe oxide, Mn oxide, and Fe-Mn binary oxide were investigated by using characterization techniques of TEM-EDS mapping, selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and XPS combined with a binary component reactor, where Fe and Mn oxides were separated by a semipermeable membrane. The results revealed that Fe-Mn binary oxide could maintain excellent stability, although As(III) oxidation/adsorption behavior was coupled with the release of Fe and Mn ions from its surface. The great stability of Fe-Mn binary oxide for As(III) removal was attributed to the rapid return of aqueous Fe(II) and Mn(II) to the solid surface, which subsequently formed new mineral phases mediated by Fe and Mn oxides, thus considerably decreasing the loss of released Mn(II) and Fe(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shuxin Tu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jingtao Hou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Chunlan Ni
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mengqing Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lu Ren
- School of Civil Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Mingxia Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Menghua Cao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shuanglian Xiong
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenfeng Tan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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