1
|
Kumar V, Ameen F, Verma P. Unraveling the shift in bacterial communities profile grown in sediments co-contaminated with chlorolignin waste of pulp-paper mill by metagenomics approach. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1350164. [PMID: 38529176 PMCID: PMC10961449 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1350164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulp-paper mills (PPMs) are known for consistently generating a wide variety of pollutants, that are often unidentified and highly resistant to environmental degradation. The current study aims to investigate the changes in the indigenous bacterial communities profile grown in the sediment co-contaminated with organic and inorganic pollutants discharged from the PPMs. The two sediment samples, designated PPS-1 and PPS-2, were collected from two different sites. Physico-chemical characterization of PPS-1 and PPS-2 revealed the presence of heavy metals (mg kg-1) like Cu (0.009-0.01), Ni (0.005-0.002), Mn (0.078-0.056), Cr (0.015-0.009), Pb (0.008-0.006), Zn (0.225-0.086), Fe (2.124-0.764), Al (3.477-22.277), and Ti (99.792-45.012) along with high content of chlorophenol, and lignin. The comparative analysis of organic pollutants in sediment samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed the presence of major highly refractory compounds, such as stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid; 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol; heptacosane; dimethyl phthalate; hexachlorobenzene; 1-decanol,2-hexyl; furane 2,5-dimethyl, etc in sediment samples which are reported as a potential toxic compounds. Simultaneously, high-throughput sequencing targeting the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA genes, resulted in the identification of 1,249 and 1,345 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) derived from a total of 115,665 and 119,386 sequences read, in PPS-1 and PPS-2, respectively. Analysis of rarefaction curves indicated a diversity in OTU abundance between PPS-1 (1,249 OTUs) and PPS-2 (1,345 OTUs). Furthermore, taxonomic assignment of metagenomics sequence data showed that Proteobacteria (55.40%; 56.30%), Bacteoidetes (11.30%; 12.20%), and Planctomycetes (5.40%; 4.70%) were the most abundant phyla; Alphproteobacteria (20.50%; 23.50%), Betaproteobacteria (16.00%; 12.30%), and Gammaproteobacteria were the most recorded classes in PPS-1 and PPS-2, respectively. At the genus level, Thiobacillus (7.60%; 4.50%) was the most abundant genera grown in sediment samples. The results indicate significant differences in both the diversity and relative abundance of taxa in the bacterial communities associated with PPS-2 when compared to PPS-1. This study unveils key insights into contaminant characteristics and shifts in bacterial communities within contaminated environments. It highlights the potential for developing efficient bioremediation techniques to restore ecological balance in pulp-paper mill waste-polluted areas, stressing the importance of identifying a significant percentage of unclassified genera and species to explore novel genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Kumar
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pradeep Verma
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Akansha J, Thakur S, Chaithanya MS, Gupta BS, Das S, Das B, Rajasekar N, Priya K. Technological and economic analysis of electrokinetic remediation of contaminated soil: A global perspective and its application in Indian scenario. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24293. [PMID: 38304840 PMCID: PMC10831613 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally million hectares of land annually is getting contaminated by heavy metalloids like As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Co, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Se, with current concentrations in soil above geo-baseline or regulatory standards. The heavy metals are highly toxic, mobile, and persistent and hence require immediate and effective mitigation. There are many available remediation techniques like surface capping, encapsulation, landfilling, soil flushing, soil washing, electrokinetic extraction, stabilization, solidification, vitrification, phytoremediation, and bioremediation which have been evolved to clean up heavy metal-contaminated sites. Nevertheless, all of the technologies have some applicability and limitations making the soil remediation initiative unsustainable. Among the available technologies, electrokinetic remediation (EKR) has been comparatively recognized to mitigate contaminated sites via both in-situ and ex-situ approaches due to its efficiency, suitability for use in low permeability soil, and requirement of low potential gradient. The work critically analyzes the EKR concerning techno, economic, and sustainability aspect for evaluating its application on various substrates and environmental conditions. The current soil contamination status in India is presented and the application of EKR for the heavy metal remediation from soil has been evaluated. The present work summaries a comprehensive and exhaustive review on EKR technology proving its effectiveness for a country like India where the huge amount of waste generated could not be treated due to lack of infrastructure, technology, and economic constraints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Akansha
- Department of Environment and Water Resources Engineering, School of Civil Engineering (SCE), Vellore Institute of Technology, Katpadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Somil Thakur
- Department of Environment and Water Resources Engineering, School of Civil Engineering (SCE), Vellore Institute of Technology, Katpadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - M Sai Chaithanya
- Department of Environment and Water Resources Engineering, School of Civil Engineering (SCE), Vellore Institute of Technology, Katpadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Bhaskar Sen Gupta
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh Campus, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK
| | - Sovik Das
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Bhaskar Das
- Department of Environment and Water Resources Engineering, School of Civil Engineering (SCE), Vellore Institute of Technology, Katpadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - N. Rajasekar
- Department of Energy and Power Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Katpadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - K. Priya
- Department of Energy and Power Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Katpadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aarimuthu G, Sathiasivan K, Varadharajan S, Balakrishnan M, Albeshr MF, Alrefaei AF, Kim W. Enhanced membraneless fuel cells by electrooxidation of ethylene glycol with a nanostructured cobalt metal catalyst. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 233:115601. [PMID: 36863657 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
The advancement of effective and long-lasting electrocatalysts for energy storage devices is crucial to reduce the impact of the energy crisis. In this study, a two-stage reduction process was used to synthesize carbon-supported cobalt alloy nanocatalysts with varying atomic ratios of cobalt, nickel and iron. The formed alloy nanocatalysts were investigated using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy to determine their physicochemical characterization. According to XRD results, Cobalt-based alloy nanocatalysts form a face-centered cubic solid solution pattern, illustrating thoroughly mixed ternary metal solid solutions. Transmission electron micrographs also demonstrated that samples of carbon-based cobalt alloys displayed homogeneous dispersion at particle sizes ranging from 18 to 37 nm. Measurements of cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry, and chronoamperometry revealed that iron alloy samples exhibited much greater electrochemical activity than non-iron alloy samples. The alloy nanocatalysts were evaluated as anodes for the electrooxidation of ethylene glycol in a single membraneless fuel cell to assess their robustness and efficiency at ambient temperature. Remarkably, in line with the results of cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry, the single-cell test showed that the ternary anode works better than its counterparts. The significantly higher electrochemical activity was observed for alloy nanocatalysts containing iron than for non-iron alloy catalysts. Iron stimulates nickel sites to oxidize cobalt to cobalt oxyhydroxides at lower over-potentials, which contributes to the improved performance of ternary alloy catalysts containing iron.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Aarimuthu
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency College (Autonomous), University of Madras, Chennai, 600 005, India
| | - Kiruthika Sathiasivan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 603 203, India
| | - Selvarani Varadharajan
- Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph's Institute of Technology, Old Mamallapuram Road, Chennai, 600 119, India
| | - Muthukumaran Balakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency College (Autonomous), University of Madras, Chennai, 600 005, India.
| | - Mohammed F Albeshr
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O.Box.2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O.Box.2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Woong Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lin WH, Chien CC, Ou JH, Yu YL, Chen SC, Kao CM. Cleanup of Cr(VI)-polluted groundwater using immobilized bacterial consortia via bioreduction mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 339:117947. [PMID: 37075632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cr(VI) bioreduction has become a remedial alternative for Cr(VI)-polluted site cleanup. However, lack of appropriate Cr(VI)-bioreducing bacteria limit the field application of the in situ bioremediation process. In this study, two different immobilized Cr(VI)-bioreducing bacterial consortia using novel immobilization agents have been developed for Cr(VI)-polluted groundwater remediation: (1) granular activated carbon (GAC) + silica gel + Cr(VI)-bioreducing bacterial consortia (GSIB), and (2) GAC + sodium alginate (SA) + polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) + Cr(VI)-bioreducing bacterial consortia (GSPB). Moreover, two unique substrates [carbon-based agent (CBA) and emulsified polycolloid substrate (EPS)] were developed and used as the carbon sources for Cr(VI) bioreduction enhancement. The microbial diversity, dominant Cr-bioreducing bacteria, and changes of Cr(VI)-reducing genes (nsfA, yieF, and chrR) were analyzed to assess the effectiveness of Cr(VI) bioreduction. Approximately 99% of Cr(VI) could be bioreduced in microcosms with GSIB and CBA addition after 70 days of operation, which caused increased populations of total bacteria, nsfA, yieF, and chrR from 2.9 × 108 to 2.1 × 1012, 4.2 × 104 to 6.3 × 1011, 4.8 × 104 to 2 × 1011, and 6.9 × 104 to 3.7 × 107 gene copies/L. In microcosms with CBA and suspended bacteria addition (without bacterial immobilization), the Cr(VI) reduction efficiency dropped to 60.3%, indicating that immobilized Cr-bioreducing bacteria supplement could enhance Cr(VI) bioreduction. Supplement of GSPB led to a declined bacterial growth due to the cracking of the materials. The addition of GSIB and CBA could establish a reduced condition, which favored the growth of Cr(VI)-reducing bacteria. The Cr(VI) bioreduction efficiency could be significantly improved through adsorption and bioreduction mechanisms, and production of Cr(OH)3 precipitates confirmed the occurrence of Cr(VI) reduction. The main Cr-bioreducing bacteria included Trichococcus, Escherichia-Shigella, and Lactobacillus. Results suggest that the developed GSIB bioremedial system could be applied to cleanup Cr(VI)-polluted groundwater effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Han Lin
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China; Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Chien
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li City, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Hau Ou
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Liang Yu
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ssu-Ching Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Ming Kao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang H, Wang W, Zhou S, Gao X. Adsorption mechanism of Cr(VI) on woody-activated carbons. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13267. [PMID: 36798761 PMCID: PMC9925964 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
To provide guidance for the selection of woody-activated carbon in the treatment of wastewater containing hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), the adsorption tests on two varieties of commercial woody-activated carbon powder from different manufacturers were carried out. The physicochemical properties and structural characteristics of activated carbon were studied by using elemental, chemical, and instrumental analyses. The adsorption mechanism of Cr(VI) was discussed by investigating the factors affecting the removal of hexavalent chromium. The two kinds of woody-activated carbon have microporous and mesoporous structures. Commercial woody-activated carbon No.1 (ACI) has a more extensive specific surface area and a better-developed pore structure. While ACI exhibits a higher adsorption capability when the content of Cr(VI) is high, commercial woody-activated carbon No.2 (AC) can remove hexavalent chromium fast when the concentration is low. A rise in pH value is not helpful for the materials to remove Cr(VI) from solutions. For Cr(VI) removal, the optimum pH value is 2. The adsorption of Cr(VI) by AC and ACI followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isothermal adsorption equation. The maximum adsorption value of Cr(VI) is 154.56 mg/g for AC and 241.55 mg/g for ACI. There is chemical adsorption during the Cr(VI) removal. A lot of Cr (Ⅲ) was formed by Cr(VI). The abundance of pores and the reducing ability of the materials are essential for the removal of Cr(VI).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin City, 719000, China,Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization of Low-Modified Coal, Yulin City, 719000, China,Corresponding author. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Chongwen Road No.51, Yulin City, 719000, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Wencheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin City, 719000, China
| | - Song Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin City, 719000, China
| | - Xuchun Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin City, 719000, China,Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization of Low-Modified Coal, Yulin City, 719000, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Phulpoto IA, Yu Z, Qazi MA, Ndayisenga F, Yang J. A comprehensive study on microbial-surfactants from bioproduction scale-up toward electrokinetics remediation of environmental pollutants: Challenges and perspectives. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:136979. [PMID: 36309062 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Currently, researchers have focused on electrokinetic (EK) bioremediation due to its potential to remove a wide-range of pollutants. Further, to improve their performance, synthetic surfactants are employed as effective additives because of their excellent solubility and mobility. Synthetic surfactants have an excessive position in industries since they are well-established, cheap, and easily available. Nevertheless, these surfactants have adverse environmental effects and could be detrimental to aquatic and terrestrial life. Owing to social and environmental awareness, there is a rising demand for bio-based surfactants in the global market, from environmental sustainability to public health, because of their excellent surface and interfacial activity, higher and stable emulsifying property, biodegradability, non- or low toxicity, better selectivity and specificity at extreme environmental conditions. Unfortunately, challenges to biosurfactants, like expensive raw materials, low yields, and purification processes, hinder their applicability to large-scale. To date, extensive research has already been conducted for production scale-up using multidisciplinary approaches. However, it is still essential to research and develop high-yielding bacteria for bioproduction through traditional and biotechnological advances to reduce production costs. Herein, this review evaluates the recent progress made on microbial-surfactants for bioproduction scale-up and provides detailed information on traditional and advanced genetic engineering approaches for cost-effective bioproduction. Furthermore, this study emphasized the role of electrokinetic (EK) bioremediation and discussed the application of BioS-mediated EK for various pollutants remediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Ali Phulpoto
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China; Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Science, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur Mir's, 66020, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Zhisheng Yu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China; RCEES-IMCAS-UCAS Joint-Lab of Microbial Technology for Environmental Science, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Muneer Ahmed Qazi
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Science, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur Mir's, 66020, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Fabrice Ndayisenga
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Srivastava RK, Sarangi PK, Vivekanand V, Pareek N, Shaik KB, Subudhi S. Microbial fuel cells for waste nutrients minimization: Recent process technologies and inputs of electrochemical active microbial system. Microbiol Res 2022; 265:127216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
8
|
Singh A, Varma A, Prasad R, Porwal S. Bioprospecting uncultivable microbial diversity in tannery effluent contaminated soil using shotgun sequencing and bio-reduction of chromium by indigenous chromate reductase genes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114338. [PMID: 36116499 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The tannery industry generates a consequential threat to the environment by producing a large amount of potentially toxic metal-containing waste. Bioremediation has been a promising approach for treating potentially toxic metals, but the efficiency of remediation in microbes is one of the factors limiting their application in tanneries waste treatment. The motivation behind the present work was to explore the microbial diversity and chromate reductase genes present in the tannery effluent-contaminated soil using metagenomics approach. The use of shotgun sequencing enabled the identification of operational parameters that influence microbiome composition and their ability to reduce Chromium (Cr) concentration. The Cr concentration in Kanpur tannery effluent contaminated soil sample was 700 ppm which is many folds than the approved permissible limit by World Health Organisation (WHO) for Cr is 100 ppm. Metagenomic Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid (DNA) was extracted to explore taxonomic community structure, phylogenetic linkages, and functional profile. With a Guanine-Cytosine (GC) abundance of 54%, total of 45,163,604 high-quality filtered reads were obtained. Bacteria (83%), Archaebacteria (14%), and Viruses (3%) were discovered in the structural biodiversity. Bacteria were classified to phylum level, with Proteobacteria (52%) being the dominant population, followed by Bacteriodetes (15%), Chloroflexi (15%), Spirochaetes (7%), Thermotogae (5%), Actinobacteria (4%), and Firmicutes (1%). The OXR genes were cloned and checked for their efficiency to reduce Cr concentration. Insitu validation of OXR8 gene showed a reduction of Cr concentration from 700 ppm to 24 ppm in 72 h (96.51% reduction). The results of this study suggests that there is a huge reservoir of microbes and chromate reductase genes which are unexplored yet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Singh
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida-201301, India
| | - Ajit Varma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida-201301, India
| | - Ram Prasad
- Department of Botany, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari-845401, Bihar, India.
| | - Shalini Porwal
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida-201301, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ramalingam S, Bahuguna A, Al-Ansari MM, Shanmugam G, Al-Humaid L, Lee JS, Kim M. Whole-genome analysis guided molecular mechanism of cyanogenic glucoside degradation by yeast isolated from Prunus mume fruit syrup. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136061. [PMID: 35977575 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of fermented Prunus mume fruit (maesil) sugar syrup raise a health concern due to the presence of the cyanogenic glucoside amygdalin. The goal of the present study was to investigate the amygdalin degradation potential and genome profile of the native microbes found in maesil syrup. The microbial profile analysis revealed that yeast is the predominant microorganism native to maesil syrup and that the isolated yeast cells showed a remarkable potential for amygdalin reduction (99.7%). Moreover, the reduction in amygdalin was inversely proportional to the growth of the isolated yeast. The whole-genome analysis revealed that the isolated yeast is Zygosaccharomyces rouxii (genome size 10 Mb, 39.25% of GC content). Of the 5250 genes (64.88%) predicted in the Z. rouxii genome, 5245 (99.90%) were annotated using NCBI Non-Redundant, UniProt, and InterProScan databases. The genome of the isolated Z. ruoxii harbored 2.03% of repeats and 0.68% of non-coding RNAs. Protein prediction indicated that β-glycosidases and hydroxynitrile lyase may play a key role in amygdalin degradation. The predicted degradation initiated by β-glycosidases that hydrolyze α-glucosidic bonds of amygdalin results in α-hydroxy nitriles (cyanohydrins) that are subsequently converted into carbonyl compounds (benzaldehyde) and hydrogen cyanide catalyzed by hydroxynitrile lyases. Present findings provide valuable data for constructing engineered microorganisms that can degrade amygdalin. Further analysis of Z. rouxii may elucidate the exact mechanism of amygdalin reduction in the production of maesil syrup.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasan Ramalingam
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ashutosh Bahuguna
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mysoon M Al-Ansari
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Gnanendra Shanmugam
- Department of Biotechnology, Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for Women (Autonomous), Elayampalayam, Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Latifah Al-Humaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jong Suk Lee
- Department of Food & Nutrition & Cook, Taegu Science University, Daegu 41453, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myunghee Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Annamalai S, Muthukumar V, Alkhulaifi MM. A converged approach of electro-biological process for decolorization and degradation of toxic synthetic dyes. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 195:14. [PMID: 36271209 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10583-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Being one of the leading industries worldwide, the textile industry has been consuming large quantities of groundwater and discharging huge volumes of dye-contaminated effluents into our aquatic environment. Augmentation of water sources via reuse of treated effluents is therefore highly necessary. In the present study, the decolorization and degradation of synthetic toxic dye from an aqueous solution were investigated through an electro-biological route. Initially, decolorization of synthetic dye solutions (100, 500, and 1000 mg L-1) was carried out by electrooxidation process using mixed metal oxide and titanium as anode and cathode, respectively. The electrooxidation solutions were further treated using bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) that were isolated from petroleum-transporting pipelines. UV-Vis, TOC, chemical oxygen demand, and NMR analyses revealed that the biodegradation process with electrooxidation enhanced the mineralization of the synthetic dye solutions. An optimum NaCl electrolyte concentration of 3 g L-1 was sufficient to produce reactive species viz., free chlorine and hypochlorite, which are responsible for the Reactive Blue 19 (RB-19) decolorization. Among the three RB-19 concentrations, the highest removal percentage was noticed at 100 mg L-1 (100%) with energy consumption and energy costs equal to 5.44 kWh m-3 and 0.65 USD m-3, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sivasankar Annamalai
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, 630 003, India.
- School of Architecture, Civil, Environmental and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Venkatesan Muthukumar
- Department of Chemistry, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manal M Alkhulaifi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang M, Zhang T, Zhou L, Lou W, Zeng W, Liu T, Yin H, Liu H, Liu X, Mathivanan K, Praburaman L, Meng D. Soil microbial community assembly model in response to heavy metal pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 213:113576. [PMID: 35710022 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution affected the stability and function of soil ecosystem. The impact of heavy metals on soil microbial community and the interaction of microbial community has been widely studied, but little was known about the response of community assembly to the heavy metal pollution. In this study, we collected 30 soil samples from non (CON), moderately (CL) and severely (CH) contaminated fields. The prokaryotic community was studied using high-throughput Illumina sequencing of 16s rRNA gene amplicons, and community assembly were quantified using phylogenetic-bin-based null approach (iCAMP). Results showed that diversity and composition of both bacterial and archaeal community changed significantly in response to heavy metal pollution. The microbial community assembly tended to be more deterministic with the increase of heavy metal concentration. Among the assembly processes, the relative importance of homogeneous selection (deterministic process) increased significantly (increased by 16.2%), and the relative importance of drift and dispersal limitation (stochastic process) decreased significantly (decreased by 11.4% and 5.4%, respectively). The determinacy of bacterial and archaeal community assembly also increased with heavy metal stress, but the assembly models were different. The deterministic proportion of microorganisms tolerant to heavy metals, such as Thiobacillus, Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota (clustered in bin 32, bin59 and bin60, respectively) increased, while the stochastic proportion of microorganisms sensitive to heavy metals, such as Koribacteraceae (clustered in bin23) increased. Therefore, the heavy metal stress made the prokaryotic community be deterministic, however, the effects on the assembly process of different microbial groups differed obviously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Hunan Urban and Rural Environmental Construction Co., Ltd, Changsha, 410118, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, 101148, China
| | - Wei Lou
- Hunan Heqing Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, 410221, China
| | - Weiai Zeng
- Changsha Tobacco Company of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Tianbo Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Huaqun Yin
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xueduan Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Krishnamurthy Mathivanan
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Loganathan Praburaman
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Delong Meng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Balu S, Bhunia S, Gachhui R, Mukherjee J. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon sequestration by intertidal phototrophic biofilms cultivated in hydrophobic and hydrophilic biofilm-promoting culture vessels. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 437:129318. [PMID: 35749894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phototrophic biofilms collected from intertidal sediments of the world's largest tidal mangrove forest were cultured in two sets of a biofilm-promoting culture vessel having hydrophilic glass surface and hydrophobic polymethyl methacrylate surface wherein 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were spiked. Biofilms from three locations of the forest were most active in sequestering 98-100% of the spiked pollutants. PAH challenge did not alter the biofilm phototrophic community composition; rather biofilm biomass production and synthesis of photosynthetic pigments and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were enhanced. Photosynthetic pigment and EPS synthesis were sensitive to vessel-surface property. The lowest mean residual amounts of PAHs in the liquid medium as well as inside the biofilm were recorded in the very biofilm cultivated in the hydrophobic flask where highest values of biofilm biomass, total chlorophyll, released polysaccharidic (RPS) carbohydrates, RPS uronic acids, capsular polysaccharidic (CPS) carbohydrates, CPS proteins, CPS uronic acids and EPS hydrophobicity were obtained. Ratios of released RPS proteins: polysaccharides increased during PAH sequestration whereas the ratios of CPS proteins: polysaccharides remained constant. Efficacious PAH removal by the overlying phototrophic biofilm will reduce the entry of these contaminants in the sediments underneath and this strategy could be a model for "monitored natural recovery".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Balu
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Shantanu Bhunia
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Ratan Gachhui
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Joydeep Mukherjee
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang Y, Boparai HK, Wang J, Sleep BE. Effect of low permeability zone location on remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated media by electrokinetics combined with a modified-zeolite barrier. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 426:127785. [PMID: 34801309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Research on electrokinetics-permeable reactive barrier (EK-PRB) remediation to date has mainly focused on homogeneous soils or soils with micro-scale heterogeneities. The potential impact of macro-scale physical heterogeneities, such as stratified layers or lenses, on EK-PRB remediation has not received much attention. This study investigates the effect of a low permeability stratum on EK-PRB remediation of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). Sandbox experiments were conducted to treat Cr(VI)-contaminated kaolinite/sand media, consisting of vertically-layered high permeability (HPZ) and low permeability zones (LPZ), where distance between LPZ and anode (DLA) was 3, 9, or 15 cm. Parameters including current, moisture content (MC), pH, and removal of Cr(VI) were evaluated. With 72 h of EK-PRB treatment, tests with larger DLA (15 cm) had greater Cr(VI) migration from contaminated area to modified-zeolite PRB. Cr(VI), Cr(III), and Cr(Total) removal and energy utilization efficiency followed the trend as: DLA-15 > DLA-9 > DLA-3. MC generally decreased from anode towards cathode and pH was alkaline in all the zones for DLA-3 and DLA-15. In DLA-9 (LPZ in the middle), MC increased and pH was alkaline in HPZs near cathode whereas HPZs near anode were very dry (MC < 1%) and acidic (pH < 5.5). Our results show that the location of LPZ relative to electrode locations has a significant influence on Cr(VI) removal efficiency and macro-scale physical heterogeneity is an important factor to be considered during EK-PRB remediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhang
- School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing 211100, China; Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Hardijleet K Boparai
- Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Jinguo Wang
- School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Brent E Sleep
- Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
An H, Tian T, Wang Z, Jin R, Zhou J. Role of extracellular polymeric substances in the immobilization of hexavalent chromium by Shewanella putrefaciens CN32 unsaturated biofilms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 810:151184. [PMID: 34699809 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microbial remediation provides a promising avenue for the management and restoration of heavy metal-contaminated soils. Microorganisms in soils usually exist within unsaturated biofilms, however, their response to heavy metals is still limited compared to saturated biofilms. This work investigated the Cr(VI) immobilization by Shewanella putrefaciens CN32 unsaturated biofilms, and explored the underlying mechanisms of Cr(VI) complexation. Results reveal a dose-dependent toxicity of Cr(VI) to the growth of the unsaturated biofilms. During the early growth stage, the Cr(VI) addition stimulated more extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production. In the meantime, the EPS were demonstrated to be the primary components for Cr(VI) immobilization, which accounted for more than 60% of the total adsorbed Cr(VI). The Fourier transform infrared spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectra corroborated that the binding sites for immobilizing Cr(VI) were hydroxyl, carboxyl, phosphoryl and amino functional groups of the proteins and polysaccharides in EPS. However, for the starved unsaturated biofilms, EPS were depleted and the EPS-bound Cr(VI) were released, which caused approximately 60% of the adsorbed Cr(VI) onto cell components and further aggravated the Cr(VI) stress to cells. This work extends our understanding about the Cr(VI) immobilization by unsaturated biofilms, and provides useful information for remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui An
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environment Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environment Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ziting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environment Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ruofei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environment Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Jiti Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environment Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Egbosiuba TC, Egwunyenga MC, Tijani JO, Mustapha S, Abdulkareem AS, Kovo AS, Krikstolaityte V, Veksha A, Wagner M, Lisak G. Activated multi-walled carbon nanotubes decorated with zero valent nickel nanoparticles for arsenic, cadmium and lead adsorption from wastewater in a batch and continuous flow modes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:126993. [PMID: 34530269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs) supported on activated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were used as an adsorbent applied towards Pb(II), As(V) and Cd(II) remediation from industrial wastewater. The result revealed the hydrophilic surface of MWCNTs-KOH was enhanced with the incorporation of NiNPs enabling higher surface area, functional groups and pore distribution. Comparatively, the removal of Pb(II), As(V) and Cd(II) on the various adsorbents was reported as NiNPs (58.6 ± 4.1, 46.8 ± 3.7 and 40.5 ± 2.5%), MWCNTs-KOH (68.4 ± 5.0, 65.5 ± 4.2 and 50.7 ± 3.4%) and MWCNTs-KOH@NiNPs (91.2 ± 8.7, 88.5 ± 6.5 and 80.6 ± 5.8%). Using MWCNTs-KOH@NiNPs, the maximum adsorption capacities of 481.0, 440.9 and 415.8 mg/g were obtained for Pb(II), As(V) and Cd(II), respectively. The experimental data were best suited to the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetic model. The fitness of experimental data to the kinetic models in a fixed-bed showed better fitness to Thomas model. The mechanism of metal ion adsorption onto MWCNTs-KOH@NiNPs show a proposed electrostatic attraction, surface adsorption, ion exchange, and pore diffusion due to the incorporated NiNPs. The nanocomposite was highly efficient for 8 adsorption cycles. The results of this study indicate that the synthesized nanocomposite is highly active with capacity for extended use in wastewater treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Titus Chinedu Egbosiuba
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, PMB 02, Uli, Anambra State, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Nanotechnology Research Group, Africa Centre of Excellence for Mycotoxin and Food Safety, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - Michael Chika Egwunyenga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, PMB 02, Uli, Anambra State, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Engineering, Delta State Polytechnic, PMB 1030, Ogwashi-Uku, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Jimoh Oladejo Tijani
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Nanotechnology Research Group, Africa Centre of Excellence for Mycotoxin and Food Safety, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - Saheed Mustapha
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Nanotechnology Research Group, Africa Centre of Excellence for Mycotoxin and Food Safety, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - Ambali Saka Abdulkareem
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Nanotechnology Research Group, Africa Centre of Excellence for Mycotoxin and Food Safety, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - Abdulsalami Sanni Kovo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Nanotechnology Research Group, Africa Centre of Excellence for Mycotoxin and Food Safety, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - Vida Krikstolaityte
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Clean Tech One, 637141, Singapore
| | - Andrei Veksha
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Clean Tech One, 637141, Singapore
| | - Michal Wagner
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Clean Tech One, 637141, Singapore
| | - Grzegorz Lisak
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Clean Tech One, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Muthukumar B, Parthipan P, AlSalhi MS, Prabhu NS, Rao TN, Devanesan S, Maruthamuthu MK, Rajasekar A. Characterization of bacterial community in oil-contaminated soil and its biodegradation efficiency of high molecular weight (>C40) hydrocarbon. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 289:133168. [PMID: 34890617 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two biosurfactant producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa sp. were isolated from motor oil contaminated soil for crude oil, alkane and PAH degradation studies. Metagenomics analysis identified as proteobacteria phyla was the dominant. Isolated two bacterial species were well grown in mineral salt medium with 1% of crude oil, alkanes (dotriacontane and tetratetracontane) and PAH (pyrene, benzopyrene and anthracene) as sole carbon sources. Total biodegradation efficiency (BE) of strains PP3 and PP4 in Crude oil degradation evaluated by the analysis of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry was 50% and 86% respectively. BE of PP3, PP4 and mixed consortium in alkane biodegradation were 46%, 47% and 36%, respectively. BE of PP3, PP4 and mixed consortium in PAH biodegradation were 22%, 48% and 35%, respectively. Based on the results revealed that strain pp4 was more efficient bacteria to degrade the crude oil, alkane and PAH than pp3. This was due to the higher production of biosurfactant by PP4 than PP3 and also confirmed in the test of emulsification index (E24). FTIR results showed that the produced biosurfactant could partially solubilize the crude oil hydrocarbons, alkanes and PAH and confirmed as glycolipid (rhamnolipid) in nature. Thus, the obtained results from the GCMS showed that all hydrocarbons were utilized by bacteria as carbon source for biosurfactant production and utilize the high molecular weight hydrocarbons. Based on the present study we can suggest that identified potential biosurfactant producing bacteria are used for biodegradation of high molecular weight hydrocarbon (>C40).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balakrishnan Muthukumar
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632115, India
| | - Punniyakotti Parthipan
- Electro-Materials Research Laboratory, Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Mohamad S AlSalhi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Natarajan Srinivasa Prabhu
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathidasan University, Palkalaiperur, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
| | - T Nageswara Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Krishna University, Machilipatnam, AP, 521001, India
| | - Sandhanasamy Devanesan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Murali Kannan Maruthamuthu
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Aruliah Rajasekar
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632115, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ameen F, Al-Homaidan AA, Alsamhary K, Al-Enazi NM, AlNadhari S. Bioremediation of ossein effluents using the filamentous marine cyanobacterium Cylindrospermum stagnale. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 284:117507. [PMID: 34261218 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater containg proteinaceous ossein effluents are problematic to be treated. We studied the possibility to treat ossein effluents with the marine cyanobacterium strain Cylindrospermum stagnale. After optimizing the culture conditions of the bacterium, three different types of ossein effluents were tested: dicalcium phosphate (DCP), high total dissolved solids (HTDS) and low total dissolved (LTDS). The effluents were diluted with sea water at the following ratios 1:1, 2:1 and 3:2. The optimum operating conditions were at 3000 lux light intensity and 37 °C temperature. The highest degradation of ossein effluens by C. stagnale was attained for a dilution ratio of 1:1. However, less diluted ossein effluents reduced the growth of C. stagnale drastically. The degradation was shown by measuring the chlorophyll a content and the dry weight of bacterial cells during a seven-day incubation period degradation. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis verified the degradation showing the presence of the degradation products of ossein (i.e. calcium carbonate and calcite) in the culture medium. Lipid composition in fatty acids appeared to be suitable for biofuel production. The results showed that the marine cyanobacterium C. stagnale can be used to treat ossein effluents, and at the same time, to produce biofuel in a sustainable way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ali A Al-Homaidan
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawla Alsamhary
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf M Al-Enazi
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh AlNadhari
- Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|