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Wang Z, Meng L, Luo T. Electrochemical-enhanced nanoscale oxygen-vacancy CuFe 2O 4 to activate persulfate (E/oxygen-vacancy CuFe 2O 4/PS) for separation of Ebselen from wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:2144-2155. [PMID: 36599035 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2165456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To enhance the catalytic activity of CuFe2O4 on PS, a nanoscale oxygen-vacancy CuFe2O4 was prepared by hydrogenation reduction technique to construct an advanced oxidation system of electrochemical-enhanced nanoscale oxygen-vacancy CuFe2O4-activated persulfate. Using Ebselen (EBS) as a model pollutant, the degradation efficiency, activation mechanism and degradation pathway were studied. The oxygen-vacancy CuFe2O4 was characterized and analysed by FESEM, EDS and XPS. The results show that under the optimal reaction conditions (PS = 0.8 g/L, oxygen-vacancy CuFe2O4 = 0.3 g/L, initial pH = 6.5), the removal rate of 20 mg/L EBS can reach 92% after reaction for 60 min, which proves that the formation of oxygen-vacancy changed the catalytic inertness of CuFe2O4 on PS. It is speculated that in the E/oxygen-vacancy CuFe2O4/PS system, the existence of oxygen holes enhances the electron transfer ability and reducibility of the catalyst, so the oxygen-vacancy CuFe2O4 can efficiently activate PS to degrade EBS. The quenching experiments show that both SO 4 ⋅ - and ⋅ OH are involved in the oxidation reaction as reactive radicals in the system, with SO 4 ⋅ - being the main reactive radical. In addition, both dissolved oxygen (DO) and anions in the solution inhibit the oxidative degradation of EBS by oxygen-vacancy CuFe2O4/PS system. Through GC-MS detection, a possible degradation pathway is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjun Wang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Meng
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Yangtze River Delta Urban Wetland Ecosystem National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianlie Luo
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Wu Z, Liu Y, Huang R, Huang W. Mechanistic investigation of the electricity and gallic acid synergistically accelerated Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycle for the degradation of carbamazepine. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140915. [PMID: 38070611 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the application of a natural plant polyphenol, gallic acid (GA) to form complex with iron to promote the redox cycle of Fe(III)/Fe(II) under neutral initial pH conditions in the electrochemical (EC) system for activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to efficiently degrade carbamazepine (CBZ). Results demonstrated that the synergistic effects of GA and EC significantly improved the removal efficiency, and the EC/GA/Fe(III)/PMS system effectively removed 100% of CBZ within a wide initial pH range of 3.0-7.0. The optimum stoichiometric ratio of GA to Fe(III) was found as 2:1. Investigations including quenching experiment, chemical probe analysis, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis were conducted to identify the primary reaction radicals as •OH, SO4•-, along with the 1O2 and Fe(IV). In the EC/GA/Fe(III)/PMS system, the synergistic effect of GA and electrochemistry led to a remarkable enhancement in the generation of •OH. Furthermore, the complexation reduction mechanism of GA and Fe(III) was proposed based on experimental and instrumental analyses, which demonstrated that the semi-quinone products of GA were the main substances promoting the Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycle. Mass spectrometry results showed that CBZ generated 27 byproducts during degradation, with formic acid as the main product of GA. The degradation efficiency of the EC/GA/Fe(III)/PMS system remained stable and excellent, exhibiting remarkable performance in the presence of various inorganic anions, including Cl- and NO3-, as well as naturally occurring organic compounds such as fulvic acid (FA). Overall results indicated that the EC/GA/Fe(III)/PMS system can be applied to effectively treat practical wastewater treatment without requirement of pH adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, Hubei, China
| | - Rongfu Huang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Universities on Environmental Science and Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Weixiong Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, Hubei, China.
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Li J, Yang T, Zeng G, An L, Jiang J, Ao Z, Ma J. Ozone- and Hydroxyl Radical-Induced Degradation of Micropollutants in a Novel UVA-LED-Activated Periodate Advanced Oxidation Process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:18607-18616. [PMID: 36745772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, novel light emitting diode (LED)-activated periodate (PI) advanced oxidation process (AOP) at an irradiation wavelength in the ultraviolet A range (UVA, UVA-LED/PI AOP) was developed and investigated using naproxen (NPX) as a model micropollutant. The UVA-LED/PI AOP remarkably enhanced the degradation of NPX and seven other selected micropollutants with the observed pseudo-first-order rate constants ranging from 0.069 ± 0.001 to 4.50 ± 0.145 min-1 at pH 7.0, demonstrating a broad-spectrum micropollutant degradation ability. Lines of evidence from experimental analysis and kinetic modeling confirmed that hydroxyl radical (•OH) and ozone (O3) were the dominant species generated in UVA-LED/PI AOP, and they contributed evenly to NPX degradation. Increasing the pH and irradiation wavelength negatively affected NPX degradation, and this could be well explained by the decreased quantum yield (ΦPI) of PI. The degradation kinetics of NPX by the UVA-LED/PI AOP in the presence of water matrices (i.e., chloride, bicarbonate, and humic acid) and in real waters were examined, and the underlying mechanisms were illustrated. A total of nine transformation products were identified from NPX oxidation by the UVA-LED/PI AOP, mainly via hydroxylation, dealkylation, and oxidation pathways. The UVA-LED/PI AOP proposed might be a promising technology for the treatment of micropollutants in aqueous solutions. The pivotal role of ΦPI during light photolysis of PI may guide the future design of light-assisted PI AOPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhu Hai519087, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen529020, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Zeng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen529020, People's Republic of China
| | - Linqian An
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen529020, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Jiang
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Ao
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhu Hai519087, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150090, People's Republic of China
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Yan J, Brigante M, Mailhot G, Dong W, Wu Y. A comparative study on Fe(III)/H 2O 2 and Fe(III)/S 2O 82- systems modified by catechin for the degradation of atenolol. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 329:138639. [PMID: 37054842 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The processes of Fe(III) activated persulfate (PS) and H2O2 modified by catechin (CAT) had been shown to be effective in degrading contaminants. In this study, the performance, mechanism, degradation pathways and products toxicity of PS (Fe(III)/PS/CAT) and H2O2 (Fe(III)/H2O2/CAT) systems were compared using atenolol (ATL) as a model contaminant. 91.0% of ATL degradation was reached after 60 min in H2O2 system which was much higher than that in PS system (52.4%) under the same experimental condition. CAT could react directly with H2O2 to produce small amounts of HO• and the degradation efficiency of ATL was proportional to CAT concentration in H2O2 system. However, the optimal CAT concentration was 5 μM in PS system. The performance of H2O2 system was more susceptible to pH than that of PS system. Quenching experiments were conducted indicating that SO4•- and HO• were produced in PS system while HO• and O2•- accounted for ATL degradation in H2O2 system. Seven pathways with nine byproducts and eight pathways with twelve byproducts were put forward in PS and H2O2 systems respectively. Toxicity experiments showed that the inhibition rates of luminescent bacteria were both decreased about 25% after 60 min reaction in two systems. Although the software simulation result showed few intermediate products of both systems were More toxic than ATL, but the amounts of them were 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than ATL. Moreover, the mineralization rates were 16.4% and 19.0% in PS and H2O2 systems respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Marcello Brigante
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Gilles Mailhot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Wenbo Dong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yanlin Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Yang Q, Xia C, Chen S, Cao X, Hao J. Enhanced activation of H 2O 2 by bimetallic Cu 2SnS 3: A new insight for Cu (II)/Cu (I) redox cycle promotion. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 640:750-760. [PMID: 36898181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.02.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Despite that the development of Cu2SnS3 (CTS) catalyst has attracted increasing interests, few study has reported to investigate its heterogeneous catalytic degradation of organic pollutants in a Fenton-like process. Furthermore, the influence of Sn components towards Cu (II)/Cu (I) redox cycling in CTS catalytic systems remains a fascinating research. EXPERIMENTS In this work, a series of CTS catalysts with controlled crystalline phases were prepared via a microwave-assisted pathway and applied in the H2O2 activation for phenol degradation. The efficiency of phenol degradation in CTS-1/H2O2 system (CTS-1: the molar ratio of Sn (copper acetate) and Cu (tin dichloride) is determined to be Sn:Cu = 1:1) was systematically investigated by controlling various reaction parameters including H2O2 dosage, initial pH and reaction temperature. We discovered that Cu2SnS3 exhibited superior catalytic activity to the contrast monometallic Cu or Sn sulfides and Cu (I) acted as the dominant active sites. The higher Cu (I) proportions conduce to the higher catalytic activities of CTS catalysts. Quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) further proved that the activation of H2O2 by CTS catalyst produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequently leads to degradation of the contaminants. A reasonable mechanism of enhanced H2O2 activation in Fenton-like reaction of CTS/H2O2 system was proposed for phenol degradation by investigating the roles of copper, tin and sulfur species. FINDINGS The developed CTS acted as a promising catalyst in Fenton-like oxidation progress for phenol degradation. Importantly, the copper and tin species contribute to a synergetic effect for the promotion of Cu (II)/Cu (I) redox cycle, which thus enhanced the activation of H2O2. Our work may offer new insight on the facilitation of Cu (II)/Cu (I) redox cycle in Cu-based Fenton-like catalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Chuanhai Xia
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering & Institute for Advanced Study of Coastal Ecology, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Shuai Chen
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering & Institute for Advanced Study of Coastal Ecology, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Xuezhi Cao
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering & Institute for Advanced Study of Coastal Ecology, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, China.
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Li L, Zheng D, Gu X, Sun C, Liu Y, Dong W, Wu Y. Mechanism of the improved Fe(III)/persulfate reaction by gallic acid for ibuprofen degradation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120318. [PMID: 36183876 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA), a natural plant polyphenol, was applied as amendment of Fe(III)/persulfate (PS) system for ibuprofen (IBP) degradation in this study. The impacts of all agentia (GA, Fe(III), PS) concentration and initial pH values on IBP removal efficiency were investigated, and their corresponding observed pseudo-first-order rate constants (kobs) were calculated. The addition of GA has significantly improved elimination efficiency of IBP due to the enhanced Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycle. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) results confirmed that SO4•-, HO• and O2•- were involved in GA/Fe(III)/PS system. However, quenching experiments further affirmed the impact of SO4•- and HO• towards IBP decomposition instead of O2•-, with contribution ratio to IBP removal was 69.12% and 30.88%, respectively. SO4•- was the main radicals formed by directly activation of PS with Fe(II), while HO• was the transformation product of SO4•-. Based on instrumental analysis (stopped-flow UV-vis spectrum and MS) and theoretical calculation, the potential reaction mechanism between GA and Fe(III) in the presence of PS was further proposed. GA complexed with Fe(III) firstly and the Fe(III)-GA complex was then converted into quinone substance, accompanied by the generation of Fe(II). Furthermore, the application of GA extended the optimal pH range to neutral as well, which made it a promising treatment in practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyi Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Danqing Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xinyi Gu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chengju Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yankun Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wenbo Dong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yanlin Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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7
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Tian T, Zhu X, Song Z, Li X, Zhang W, Mao Y, Chen S, Wu J, Ouyang G. The potential of a natural iron ore residue application in the efficient removal of tetracycline hydrochloride from an aqueous solution: insight into the degradation mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:76782-76792. [PMID: 35670944 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21077-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the existing research, most of the heterogeneous catalysts applied in the activation of persulfate to degrade organic pollutants were synthesized from chemical reagents in the laboratory. In this paper, we have obtained a spent iron ore (IO) residue directly collecting from the iron ore plants, and efficiently activating peroxydisulfate (PS) to produce reactive free radicals. The experimental results demonstrated that the IO could effectively activate PS to degrade tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH), with TCH removal rate reaching up to 85.6% within 2 h at room temperature. The TCH removal rate was increased with increasing iron ore dosage, while the more acidic pH condition would be favorable to TCH removal process. The material characterization results demonstrated that the dominant components of IO were Fe3O4 and FeOOH. The transformation from Fe(II) to Fe(III) at the surface IO was observed after TCH degradation. What's more, the quenching experiment and EPR detection results confirmed that the sulfate radical (SO4•-) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) would be acting as the main free radicals for TCH degradation. This study could not only explore a novel way to recycle the discarded iron ore, but also further expand its application in an effective activation of PS in an aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Tian
- Faculty of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, People's Republic of China
- School of Civil and Surveying Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinfeng Zhu
- Faculty of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongxian Song
- Faculty of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xindong Li
- School of Civil and Surveying Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environmental, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Mao
- Faculty of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, People's Republic of China
| | - Songtao Chen
- Faculty of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Wu
- Faculty of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, People's Republic of China
| | - Guozi Ouyang
- School of Civil and Surveying Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
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Zeng H, Shen S, Cai A, Sun Q, Wang L, Zhu S, Li X, Deng J. Degradation of tetracycline by UV/Fe 3+/persulfate process: Kinetics, mechanism, DBPs yield, toxicity evaluation and bacterial community analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136072. [PMID: 35988766 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a widely produced and used antibiotic, tetracycline (TC) has been frequently found in rivers, soil and drinking water. In this study, the degradation of TC was investigated by UV/Fe3+/persulfate (PS) coupled process. The degradation behavior was well fitted with pseudo-first-order model. Hydroxyl radicals (·OH), sulfate radicals (SO4-·) and superoxide radical (O2-·) were identified as the primary reactive oxygen species (ROS) in UV/Fe3+/PS process, the contribution to TC degradation were found to be 41.94%, 33.94% and 17.44% at pH 3.0, respectively. Fe(IV) generated from the system also played a crucial role in TC removal. The effects of process parameters (PS/Fe3+ dosages, pH, humic acid, Cl-, HCO3-, NO3- and CO32-) on degradation were investigated. It was found that the degradation of TC was highly pH-dependent, and the optimal performance was obtained at pH 3.0. Except for Cl-, the presence of HA, HCO3-, NO3- and CO32- inhibited TC degradation. The possible transformation pathway involving the hydroxylation, N-demethylation, hydrogenation and dehydroxylation was proposed. Furthermore, the toxicity and mutagenicity of TC and transformation products (TPs) were estimated using ECOSAR and TEST softwares, demonstrating that the toxicity level of most TPs was lower/equal to their precursors. The evaluation of DBPs showed that UV/Fe3+/PS process could reduce the potential of DBPs formation, especially for TCAA and TCM. Microbial community composition was analyzed by 16 S rDNA sequencing, and the relative abundance of ARG-carrying opportunistic pathogens was significantly declined after UV/Fe3+/PS treatment. In general, this study provides an economical, efficient and safe strategy for TC removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxuan Zeng
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Shuwen Shen
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Anhong Cai
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Afflicated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Shijun Zhu
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Xueyan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Jing Deng
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China.
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9
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Zhao QM, Jiang H, Wang Z. Electrochemical-enhanced MoS 2/Fe 3O 4 peroxymonosulfate (E/ MoS 2/Fe 3O 4/PMS) for degradation of sulfamerazine. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136198. [PMID: 36030935 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seeking effective methods to degrade organic pollutants has always been a hot research field. In this work, MoS2/Fe3O4 catalyst was synthesized by hydrothermal method with MoS2 as carrier to construct an advanced oxidation system of electrochemical enhanced MoS2/Fe3O4-activated peroxymonosulfate (E/MoS2/Fe3O4/PMS). The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The degradation efficiency of sulfamerazine (SM1) by E/MoS2/Fe3O4/PMS system was investigated and reaction mechanism was explored. The results showed that the removal rates of SM1 within 30 min were 31%, 20% and 89% with Fe3O4, MoS2 and MoS2/Fe3O4 as catalysts, respectively. The characterization results revealed that Fe(III) on the surface of Fe3O4 was reduced to Fe(II) and Mo(IV) was oxidized to Mo(VI) in the presence of MoS2. The synergistic effect between Fe3O4 and MoS2 enhanced the PMS decomposition and improved the SM1 removal efficiency. Free radical quenching experiments showed that SO4-⋅, ·OH, O2· and 1O2 were all involved in the degradation of SM1, and the effect of 1O2 was more significant than other active substances. Low concentrations of Cl- and humic acid (HA) had no significant inhibitory effect on the degradation of SM1, while HCO3- had a significant inhibitory effect on the E/MoS2/Fe3O4/PMS system. In addition, catalyst cycling experiments showed that MoS2/Fe3O4 maintained good stability before and after the catalytic reaction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Ming Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Haotian Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhenjun Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
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10
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Pan Y, Qin R, Hou M, Xue J, Zhou M, Xu L, Zhang Y. The interactions of polyphenols with Fe and their application in Fenton/Fenton-like reactions. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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11
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Liu H, Fu P, Liu F, Hou Q, Tong Z, Bi W. Degradation of ciprofloxacin by persulfate activated with pyrite: mechanism, acidification and tailwater reuse. RSC Adv 2022; 12:29991-30000. [PMID: 36321107 PMCID: PMC9582745 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05412d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Residues of ciprofloxacin (CIP) in the environment pose a threat to human health and ecosystems. This study investigated the degradation of CIP by persulfate (PS) activated with pyrite (FeS2). Results showed that when [CIP] = 30 μM, [FeS2] = 2.0 g L-1, and [PS] = 1 mM, the CIP removal rate could reach 94.4% after 60 min, and CIP mineralization rate reached 34.9%. The main free radicals that degrade CIP were SO4˙- and HO˙, with contributions of 34.4% and 35.7%, respectively. Additionally, compared to the control (ultrapure water), CIP in both tap water and river water was not degraded. However, acidification could eliminate the inhibition of CIP degradation in tap water and river water. Furthermore, acidic tailwater from CIP degradation could be utilized to adjust the pH of untreated CIP, which could greatly promote the degradation of CIP and further reduce disposal costs. The reaction solution was not significantly biotoxic and three degradation pathways of CIP were investigated. Based on the above results and the characterization of FeS2, the mechanism of CIP degradation in the FeS2/PS system was that FeS2 activated PS to generate Fe(iii) and SO4˙-. The sulfide in FeS2 reduced Fe(iii) to Fe(ii), thus achieving an Fe(iii)/Fe(ii) cycle for CIP degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University Shanxi 030801 China
| | - Peng Fu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University Shanxi 030801 China
| | - Fenwu Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University Shanxi 030801 China
| | - Qingjie Hou
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University Shanxi 030801 China
| | - Zhenye Tong
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University Shanxi 030801 China
| | - Wenlong Bi
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University Shanxi 030801 China
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12
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Rao D, Dong H, Niu M, Wang X, Qiao J, Sun Y, Guan X. Mechanistic Insights into the Markedly Decreased Oxidation Capacity of the Fe(II)/S 2O 82- Process with Increasing pH. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:13131-13141. [PMID: 36067445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The poor oxidation capacity of the Fe(II)/S2O82- [Fe(II)/PDS] system at pH > 3.0 has limited its wide application in water treatment. To unravel the underlying mechanism, this study systematically evaluated the possible influencing factors over the pH range of 1.0-8.0 and developed a mathematical model to quantify these effects. Results showed that ∼82% of the generated Fe(IV) could be used for pollutant degradation at pH 1.0, whereas negligible Fe(IV) contribution was observed at pH 7.5. This dramatic decline of Fe(IV) contribution with increasing pH dominantly accounted for the pH-dependent performance of the Fe(II)/PDS process. Unexpectedly, Fe(II) could consume ∼80% of the generated SO4•- non-productively under both acidic and near-neutral conditions, while the larger formation of Fe(III) precipitates at high pH inhibited the SO4•- contribution mildly. Moreover, the strong Fe(II) scavenging effect was difficult to be compensated for by slowing down the Fe(II) dosing rate. The competition of dissolved oxygen with PDS for Fe(II) was insignificant at pH ≤ 7.5, where the second-order rate constants for reactions of Fe(II) with oxygen were much lower than or comparable to that between Fe(II) and PDS. These findings could advance our understanding of the chemistry and application of the Fe(II)/PDS process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, A235 Bourns Hall, 3401 Watkins Drive, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Hongyu Dong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mengfan Niu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Junlian Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Yuankui Sun
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaohong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
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13
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Yao J, Chen Z, Zhang H, Gao N, Zhang Z, Jiang W. New insight into the regulation mechanism of visible light in naproxen degradation via activation of peroxymonosulfate by MOF derived BiFeO 3. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 431:128513. [PMID: 35219060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BiFeO3 (BFO) nanocage prepared by metal-organic-framework derivatization (MOF-d) was adopted as activator to first investigate the effect mechanism of visible-light on naproxen-degradation via peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. MOF-d BFO expressed more excellent PMS activation ability than hydrothermal-synthetic BFO, due to highly ordered mesopores. A 3.0 times higher pseudo-first-order degradation rate constant was achieved after visible-light introduced. The quenching experiments indicated that the contribution of ROS in naproxen degradation followed the order of SO4•->1O2 ≈ •OH in MOF-d BFO/PMS/dark system, while changed into h+>1O2 > >O2•-≈SO4•-> •OH after visible-light introduced. EPR tests first revealed that visible-light promoted 1O2 yield (non-radical pathway) but suppressed •OH and SO4•- generation (free-radical pathways). N2-purging experiments further proved that 1O2 primarily originates from the reaction between h+ and PMS, equivalently to that between O2 and e--h+ in MOF-d BFO/PMS/vis system. Under visible-light, PMS activation via Fe (III) might be hindered by e- filling on Fe 3d orbital and anion PMS preferred to approach h+ rather than e-, resulting in the decrease of •OH and SO4•- yields. Moreover, PMS faces competition from adsorbed-O2 and oxygen-vacancies for e- capture. The degradation-pathways for naproxen in dark and under visible light were both proposed in MOF-d BFO/PMS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 40045, China.
| | - Zihan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 40045, China
| | - Huiying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 40045, China
| | - Naiyun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 40045, China
| | - Wenchao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 40045, China
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14
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Liu H, Liu F, Zhang J, Zhou J, Bi W, Qin J, Hou Q, Ni Y, Xu S, Yang C. Degradation of methyl orange by pyrite activated persulfate oxidation: mechanism, pathway and influences of water substrates. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:2912-2927. [PMID: 35638796 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Degradation mechanism of methyl orange (MO), a typical azo dye, with pyrite (FeS2) activated persulfate (PS) was explored. The results showed that when the initial concentration of MO was 0.1 mM, FeS2 was 1.6 g/L and PS was 1.0 mM, the removal rate of MO could reach 92.9% in 150 min, and the removal rate of total organic carbon could reach 14.1%. In addition, both pH ≤ 2 and pH ≥ 10 could have an inhibitory effect in the FeS2/PS system. Furthermore, Cl- and low concentrations of HCO-3 had little effect on the degradation of MO with FeS2/PS. However, H2PO-4 and high concentrations of HCO-3 could inhibit the degradation of MO in the system. Besides, MO in river water and tap water were not degraded in FeS2/PS system, but acidification (pH = 4) would greatly promote the degradation. In addition, the removal rate of MO with FeS2/PS could still reach about 90% after five cycles of FeS2. Furthermore, the intermediates and possible degradation pathways were speculated by LC-MS, and the degradation mechanism of MO by FeS2/PS was that the cycle of Fe(III)/Fe(II) could continuously activate persulfate to produce SO4•-. The results could provide technical support for azo dye degradation in the FeS2/PS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China E-mail:
| | - Fenwu Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China E-mail:
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China E-mail:
| | - Jiaxing Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China E-mail:
| | - Wenlong Bi
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China E-mail:
| | - Junmei Qin
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China E-mail:
| | - Qingjie Hou
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China E-mail:
| | - Yue Ni
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China E-mail:
| | - Shaozu Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China E-mail:
| | - Chen Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China E-mail:
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15
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Hu X, Ye Y, Chen Y, Liu M, Zhang W, Zhu M. The synergistic interactions of reaction parameters in heterogeneous peroxymonosulfate oxidation: Reaction kinetic and catalytic mechanism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126841. [PMID: 34388915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The reaction parameters including catalyst dosage, oxidant amount, initial contaminant concentration and pH etc. play the crucial roles in the heterogeneous persulfate oxidation processes, while the synergistic interactions among these reaction parameters are still obscure. We herein took an efficient heterogeneous persulfate oxidation system "bimetallic MnxCo3-xO4 solid solution (MnCo) activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS)" for carbamazepine (CBZ) removal from water. MnCo/PMS system exhibited outstanding performance that CBZ was completely removed within 10 min. The CBZ degradation performance was ascribed to the radical oxidation of SO4·- and O2·-, the nonradical oxidation of 1O2, the redox cycles between Mn and Co species and synergistic interactions among MnCo, PMS and CBZ. By monotonously or synchronously adjusting the MnCo dosage, PMS amount and initial CBZ concentration, the inherent connections of different reaction parameters were established. Strong and different synergistic interactions between MnCo and PMS, and among MnCo, PMS and CBZ, were existed due to the formation of three different reaction modes when reaction parameters met certain conditions. The features of the modes were "two-stage, the following auto-deceleration", "one-stage, constant velocity" and "two-stage, the following auto-acceleration". This discovery may provide new insights into the synergistic interactions of reaction parameters in advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, PR China
| | - Yang Ye
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, PR China
| | - Yanxi Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, PR China
| | - Min Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Mingshan Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, PR China.
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16
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Li Y, Feng Y, Yang B, Yang Z, Shih K. Activation of peroxymonosulfate by molybdenum disulfide-mediated traces of Fe(III) for sulfadiazine degradation. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:131212. [PMID: 34146879 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The activation of persulfate by ferrous iron (Fe(II)) is of great interest to the environmental remediation community, but the reduction of ferric iron (Fe(III)) to Fe(II) is slow and the accumulation of iron sludge resulted from the precipitation of Fe(III) is a great concern. Here, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) was studied as a co-catalyst to improve the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) by Fe(III) for sulfadiazine (SDZ) degradation and different characterization technologies were used to reveal the reactive species. The results showed that a strong synergy existed between MoS2 and Fe(III); approximately 94.3% of the SDZ was removed by MoS2-Fe(III)-PMS after reaction for 30 min, while only 8.5% and 56.4% of the SDZ was removed by Fe(III)-PMS and MoS2-PMS, respectively. Both hydroxyl radicals and sulfate radicals were generated and the latter was the primary species. In addition to the radicals, singlet oxygen was found to be generated and contributed to the degradation of SDZ. The chemical probe reaction with methyl phenyl sulfoxide showed that the generation of high-valent iron-oxo species was not obvious by MoS2-Fe(III)-PMS under both acidic and neutral conditions. MoS2 had good stability. No noticeable deactivation was observed during the 1st to 5th run and no obvious oxidation of surface Mo(IV) occurred. Based on the characterization of catalyst and oxidizing species, a mechanism for the activation of PMS by MoS2-Fe(III) was proposed. The results from this study are expected to clarify the reactive species and deepen the understanding of MoS2-promoted persulfate activation by Fe(II)/Fe(III).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yong Feng
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Bin Yang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Zequn Yang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kaimin Shih
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China.
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17
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Wu L, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Wang P, Ding M, Nie M, Yan C, Chen S. Ca(OH) 2-mediated activation of peroxymonosulfate for the degradation of bisphenol S. RSC Adv 2021; 11:33626-33636. [PMID: 35497526 PMCID: PMC9042291 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05286a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaline substances could activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the removal of organic pollutants, but relatively high alkali consumption is generally required, which can cause too high pH of the solution after the reaction and lead to secondary pollution. Within this study, PMS activated by a relatively low dosage of Ca(OH)2 (1 mM) exhibited excellent efficiency in the removal of bisphenol S (BPS). The pH of the solution declined to almost neutral (pH = 8.2) during the reaction period and conformed to the direct emission standards (pH = 6–9). In a typical case, BPS was completely degraded within 240 min and followed the kinetics of pseudo-first-order. The degradation efficiency of BPS depended on the operating parameters, such as the Ca(OH)2, PMS and BPS dosages, initial solution pH, reaction temperature, co-existing anions, humic acid (HA), and water matrices. Quenching experiments were performed to verify that singlet oxygen (1O2) and superoxide radicals (O2˙−) were the predominant ROS. Degradation of BPS has been significantly accelerated as the temperature increased. Furthermore, degradation of BPS could be maintained at a high level across a broad range of pH values (5.3–11.15). The SO4−, NO3− did not significantly impact the degradation of BPS, however, both HCO3− and HA inhibited oxidation of BPS by the Ca(OH)2/PMS system, and Cl− had a dual-edged sword effect on BPS degradation. In addition, based on the 4 identified intermediates, 3 pathways of BPS degradation were proposed. The degradation of BPS was lower in domestic wastewater compared to other naturals waters and ultrapure; nevertheless, up to 75.86%, 77.94% and 81.48% of BPS was degraded in domestic wastewater, Yaohu Lake water and Poyang Lake water, respectively. Finally, phenolic chemicals and antibiotics, including bisphenol A, norfloxacin, lomefloxacin hydrochloride, and sulfadiazine could also be efficiently removed via the Ca(OH)2/PMS system. Ca(OH)2 can activate PMS to effectively remove BPS, and it can meet the requirements of direct discharge after reaction.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Leliang Wu
- School of Geography and Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 China
| | - Yiting Lin
- School of Geography and Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- School of Geography and Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Geography and Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 China
| | - Mingjun Ding
- School of Geography and Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 China
| | - Minghua Nie
- School of Geography and Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 China .,Key Laboratory of Eco-geochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resource Beijing 100037 China
| | - Caixia Yan
- School of Geography and Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 China
| | - Shiyao Chen
- School of Geography and Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 China
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