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Esu CO, Pyo J, Cho K. Machine learning-derived dose-response relationships considering interactions in mixtures: Applications to the oxidative potential of particulate matter. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 475:134864. [PMID: 38876025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Conventional environmental health research is primarily focused on isolated chemical exposures, neglecting the complex interactions between multiple pollutants that may synergistically or antagonistically influence toxicity, thereby posing unexpected health risks. In this study, we address this knowledge gap by introducing an explainable machine learning (ML) approach with Feature Localized Intercept Transformed-Shapley Additive Explanations (FLIT-SHAP) designed to extract the dose-response relationships of specific pollutants in mixtures. In contrast to traditional SHAP, FLIT-SHAP can localize the global intercept to elucidate mixture effects, which is crucial for understanding the oxidative potential (OP) of ambient particulate matter (PM). Assessing multi-pollutant OP using FLIT-SHAP revealed both synergistic (55-63 %) and antagonistic (25-42 %) effects in laboratory-controlled OP data, but an antagonistic (33-66 %; lower OP) effect in ambient PM. Notably, the FLIT-SHAP approach demonstrated higher prediction accuracy (R2 = 0.99) compared to the additive model (R2 = 0.89) when evaluated against real-world PM samples. Quinones, such as phenanthrenequinone, play a more significant role in PM2.5 than previously recognized. Through this study, we highlighted the potential of FLIT-SHAP to enhance toxicity predictions and aid decision-making in the field of environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles O Esu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Republic of Korea
| | - JongCheol Pyo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk Cho
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Republic of Korea; Institute of Environmental Studies, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Cheung RKY, Qi L, Manousakas MI, Puthussery JV, Zheng Y, Koenig TK, Cui T, Wang T, Ge Y, Wei G, Kuang Y, Sheng M, Cheng Z, Li A, Li Z, Ran W, Xu W, Zhang R, Han Y, Wang Q, Wang Z, Sun Y, Cao J, Slowik JG, Dällenbach KR, Verma V, Gysel-Beer M, Qiu X, Chen Q, Shang J, El-Haddad I, Prévôt ASH, Modini RL. Major source categories of PM 2.5 oxidative potential in wintertime Beijing and surroundings based on online dithiothreitol-based field measurements. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172345. [PMID: 38621537 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) causes millions of premature deaths each year worldwide. Oxidative potential (OP) has been proposed as a better metric for aerosol health effects than PM2.5 mass concentration alone. In this study, we report for the first time online measurements of PM2.5 OP in wintertime Beijing and surroundings based on a dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. These measurements were combined with co-located PM chemical composition measurements to identify the main source categories of aerosol OP. In addition, we highlight the influence of two distinct pollution events on aerosol OP (spring festival celebrations including fireworks and a severe regional dust storm). Source apportionment coupled with multilinear regression revealed that primary PM and oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) were both important sources of OP, accounting for 41 ± 12 % and 39 ± 10 % of the OPvDTT (OP normalized by the sampled air volume), respectively. The small remainder was attributed to fireworks and dust, mainly resulting from the two distinct pollution events. During the 3.5-day spring festival period, OPvDTT spiked to 4.9 nmol min-1 m-3 with slightly more contribution from OOA (42 ± 11 %) and less from primary PM (31 ± 15 %). During the dust storm, hourly-averaged PM2.5 peaked at a very high value of 548 μg m-3 due to the dominant presence of dust-laden particles (88 % of total PM2.5). In contrast, only mildly elevated OPvDTT values (up to 1.5 nmol min-1 m-3) were observed during this dust event. This observation indicates that variations in OPvDTT cannot be fully explained using PM2.5 alone; one must also consider the chemical composition of PM2.5 when studying aerosol health effects. Our study highlights the need for continued pollution control strategies to reduce primary PM emissions, and more in-depth investigations into the source origins of OOA, to minimize the health risks associated with PM exposure in Beijing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rico K Y Cheung
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Lu Qi
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Manousos I Manousakas
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Joseph V Puthussery
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; now at: Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, United States
| | - Yan Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Theodore K Koenig
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianqu Cui
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Yanli Ge
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Gaoyuan Wei
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu Kuang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mengshuang Sheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ailin Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Weikang Ran
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Weiqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Renjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuemei Han
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qiyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zifa Wang
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yele Sun
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jay G Slowik
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Kaspar R Dällenbach
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Vishal Verma
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Martin Gysel-Beer
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Xinghua Qiu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing Shang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Imad El-Haddad
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - André S H Prévôt
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
| | - Robin L Modini
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
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Yao K, Xu Y, Zheng H, Zhang X, Song Y, Guo H. Oxidative potential associated with reactive oxygen species of size-resolved particles: The important role of the specific sources. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 360:121122. [PMID: 38733850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative potential (OP) is a predictor of particulate matter (PM) toxicity. Size-resolved PM and its components that influence OP values can be generated from several sources. However, There is little research have attempted to determine the PM toxicity generated from specific sources. This paper studied the OP characterization and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation of particles from specific sources and their effects on human health. OP associated with ROS of size-resolved particles was analyzed by using dithiothreitol (DTT) method and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy technology. And OP and ROS deposition of specific source PM were calculated for health through the Multi-path particle deposition (MPPD) model. The results evidenced that the highest water-soluble OP (OPws) from traffic sources (OPm: 104.50 nmol min-1·ug-1; OPv: 160.15 nmol min-1·m-3) and the lowest from ocean sources (OPm: 22.25 nmol⋅min-1⋅ug-1; OPv: 54.16 nmol min-1·m-3). The OPws allocation in PM from different sources all have a unimodal pattern range from 0.4 to 3.2 μm. ROS (·OH) displayed the uniform trend as PM OPws, indicating that PM< 3.2 is the major contributor to adverse health impacts for size-resolved PM because of its enhanced oxidative activity compared with PM> 3.2. Furthermore, this study predicted the DTT consumption of PM were assigned to different components. Most DTT losses are attributed to the transition metals. For specific sources, transition metals dominates DTT losses, accounting for 38%-80% of DTT losses from different sources, followed by Hulis-C, accounting for 1%-10%. MPPD model calculates that over 66% of pulmonary DTT loss comes by PM< 3.2, and over 71% of pulmonary ROS generation from PM< 3.2. Among these sources of pollution, traffic emissions are the primary contributors to reactive oxygen species (ROS) in environmental particulate matter (PM). Therefore, emphasis should be placed on controlling traffic emissions, especially in coastal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixing Yao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, China
| | - Yihao Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, China
| | - Han Zheng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, China
| | - Xinji Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, China
| | - Yixuan Song
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, China
| | - Huibin Guo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, China.
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Kim PR, Park SW, Han YJ, Lee MH, Holsen TM, Jeong CH, Evans G. Variations of oxidative potential of PM 2.5 in a medium-sized residential city in South Korea measured using three different chemical assays. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 920:171053. [PMID: 38378060 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Although it is evident that PM2.5 has serious adverse health effects, there is no consensus on what the biologically effective dose is. In this study, the intrinsic oxidative potential (OPm) and the extrinsic oxidative potential (OPv) of PM2.5 were measured using three chemical assays including dithiothreitol (DTT), ascorbic acid (AA), and reduced glutathione (GSH), along with chemical compositions of PM2.5 in South Korea. Among the three chemical assays, only OPmAA showed a statistically significant correlation with PM2.5 while OPmGSH and OPmDTT were not correlated with PM2.5 mass concentration. When the samples were categorized by PM2.5 mass concentrations, the variations in the proportion of Ni, As, Mn, Cd, Pb, and Se to PM2.5 mass closely coincided with changes in OPm across all three assays, suggesting a potential association between these elements and PM2.5 OP. Multiple linear regression analysis identified the significant PM components affecting the variability in extrinsic OPv. OPvAA was determined to be significantly influenced by EC, K+, and Ba while OC and Al were common significant factors for OPvGSH and OPvDTT. It was also found that primary OC was an important variable for OPvDTT while secondary OC significantly affected the variability of OPvGSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyung-Rae Kim
- Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Won Park
- Dept. of Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Environmental and Biomedical Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Ji Han
- Dept. of Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea; Gangwon particle pollution research and management center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myong-Hwa Lee
- Gangwon particle pollution research and management center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea; Dept. of Environmental Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Thomas M Holsen
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA.
| | - Cheol-Heon Jeong
- Dept. Of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada.
| | - Greg Evans
- Dept. Of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada.
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5
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Li R, Yan C, Meng Q, Yue Y, Jiang W, Yang L, Zhu Y, Xue L, Gao S, Liu W, Chen T, Meng J. Key toxic components and sources affecting oxidative potential of atmospheric particulate matter using interpretable machine learning: Insights from fog episodes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133175. [PMID: 38086305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Fog significantly affects the air quality and human health. To investigate the health effects and mechanisms of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during fog episodes, PM2.5 samples were collected from the coastal suburb of Qingdao during different seasons from 2021 to 2022, with the major chemical composition in PM2.5 analyzed. The oxidative potential (OP) of PM2.5 was determined using the dithiothreitol (DTT) method. A positive matrix factorization model was adopted for PM2.5. Interpretable machine learning (IML) was used to reveal and quantify the key components and sources affecting OP. PM2.5 exhibited higher oxidative toxicity during fog episodes. Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), NH4+, K+, and water-soluble Fe positively affected the enhancement of DTTV (volume-based DTT activity) during fog episodes. The IML analysis demonstrated that WSOC and K+ contributed significantly to DTTV, with values of 0.31 ± 0.34 and 0.27 ± 0.22 nmol min-1 m-3, respectively. Regarding the sources, coal combustion and biomass burning contributed significantly to DTTV (0.40 ± 0.38 and 0.39 ± 0.36 nmol min-1 m-3, respectively), indicating the significant influence of combustion-related sources on OP. This study provides new insights into the effects of PM2.5 compositions and sources on OP by applying IML models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyu Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Caiqing Yan
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Qingpeng Meng
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yang Yue
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lingxiao Yang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yujiao Zhu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Likun Xue
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shaopeng Gao
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Weijian Liu
- College of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Tianxing Chen
- College of Engineering, University of Washington, 1410 NE Campus Pkwy, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jingjing Meng
- College of Environment and Planning, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
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Ghosh A, Dutta M, Das SK, Sharma M, Chatterjee A. Acidity and oxidative potential of atmospheric aerosols over a remote mangrove ecosystem during the advection of anthropogenic plumes. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141316. [PMID: 38296213 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the acidity and the water-soluble oxidative potential of PM10, during the continental biomass-burning plume transport, a three-year (2018-2020) winter-time campaign was conducted over a pristine island (21.35°N, 88.32°E) of Sundarban mangrove ecosystem situated at the shore of Bay of Bengal. The average PM10 concentration over Sundarban was found to be 98.3 ± 22.2 μg m-3 for the entire study period with a high fraction of non-sea-salt- SO42- and water-soluble organic carbons (WSOC) that originated from the regional solid fuel burning. The thermodynamic E-AIM(IV) model had estimated that the winter-time aerosols over Sundarban were acidic (pH:2.4 ± 0.6) and mainly governed by non-sea-salt-SO42-. The volume and mass normalized oxidative potential of PM10 was found to be 1.81 ± 0.40 nmol DTT min-1 m-3 and 18.4 ± 6.1 pmol DTT min-1 μg-1 respectively which are surprisingly higher than several urban atmospheres across the world including IGP. The acid-digested water-soluble transition metals (Cu, Mn) show higher influences in the oxidative potential (under high aerosol acidity) compared to the WSOC. The study revealed that the advection of regional solid fuel burning plume and associated non-sea-salt-SO42- is enhancing aerosol acidity and oxidative stress that in turn alters the intrinsic properties of aerosols over such marine ecosystems rich in ecology and bio-geochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinandan Ghosh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Monami Dutta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bose Institute, EN Block, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091, India
| | - Sanat K Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bose Institute, EN Block, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091, India
| | - Mukesh Sharma
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Abhijit Chatterjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bose Institute, EN Block, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091, India.
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Ahmad M, Chen J, Panyametheekul S, Yu Q, Nawab A, Khan MT, Zhang Y, Ali SW, Phairuang W. Fine particulate matter from brick kilns site and roadside in Lahore, Pakistan: Insight into chemical composition, oxidative potential, and health risk assessment. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25884. [PMID: 38390149 PMCID: PMC10881335 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Human health is seriously threatened by particulate matter (PM) pollution, which is a major environmental problem. A better indicator of biological responses to PM exposure than its mass alone is the PM "oxidative potential (OP)," or ability to oxidize target molecules. When reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated in the OP in excess of the antioxidant capacity of body due to PM components such metals and organic species, it causes inflammation, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), proteins, and lipids damage. Method The samples of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are collected from the brick kiln site and the roadside in Lahore, Pakistan. The organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were estimated by carbon analyzer (DRI 2001A) using the thermal/optical transmittance (TOT) protocol. The water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) concentration was determined using a total organic carbon analyzer (Shimadzu TOC-L CPN). Ion chromatography (Dionex ICS-900) with a conductivity detector was used to analyze the water-soluble anions (Cl-, NO3-, and SO42-) and cations (NH4+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+). Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (iCAP TQ ICP-MS, Thermo Scientific) was used to determine the concentrations of metals in the solution. The dithiothreitol (DTT) consumption rate was calculated using a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 412 nm. Results The mean concentrations of PM2.5 at the brick kiln site and roadside reported are 509.3 ± 32.3 μg/m3 and 467.5 ± 24.9 μg/m3, and the average OC/EC ratio is 1.9 ± 0.4 and 2.1 ± 0.1. primary organic carbon (POC) contributed more to OC than secondary organic carbon (SOC), which indicated the dominance of primary combustion sources. The anion equivalent (AE) to cation equivalent (CE) ratio indicated that PM2.5 is acidic at both sites due to the dominance of NO3- and SO42-. The DTT consumption rate normalized by PM2.5 mass (DTTm) and DTT consumption rate normalized by air volume (DTTv) of PM2.5 at the roadside samples are higher than at the brick kiln site due to the higher contribution of ionic species to the mass of PM2.5. Carbonaceous species of PM2.5 at both sampling sites are significantly correlated with DTTv of PM2.5, while metallic species behaved differently. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) values (lung cancer) of As and Cr at both sampling sites, while the ILCR value of Cd at the roadside samples is exceeding the permissible limits for adults and children. The lifetime average daily dose (LADD) value for adults is higher than that for children, indicating that children are less vulnerable to metals. Conclusion The concentration of PM2.5 at both sampling sites were exceeding the permissible limits of Pakistan' National Environmental Quality Standard (NEQS) and posing risk to the health of the local population. The POC and SOC contribution to OC at the brick kiln site and roadside in Lahore were 84.6%, 15.4% and 84.4%, 15.6%. POC at both sampling sites were the dominant carbon species indicating the dominance of primary combustion sources. The residence of Lahore poses the lung cancer risk due to Cr, As, and Cd at both sampling sites. The results of this study provide important data and evidence for further evaluation of the potential health risks of PM2.5 from brick kiln site and road side in Pakistan and formulation of efficient air-pollution control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Sirima Panyametheekul
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Thailand network centre on Air Quality Management: TAQM and Research Unit: HAUS IAQ, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Qing Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Asim Nawab
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Khan
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Taipo, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuepeng Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Syed Weqas Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Worradorn Phairuang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Civil Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Ishikawa, Japan
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Wang Y, Xing C, Cai B, Qiu W, Zhai J, Zeng Y, Zhang A, Shi S, Zhang Y, Yang X, Fu TM, Shen H, Wang C, Zhu L, Ye J. Impact of antioxidants on PM 2.5 oxidative potential, radical level, and cytotoxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169555. [PMID: 38157913 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Antioxidants are typically seen as agents that mitigate environmental health risks due to their ability to scavenge free radicals. However, our research presents a paradox where these molecules, particularly those within lung fluid, act as prooxidants in the presence of airborne particulate matter (PM2.5), thus enhancing PM2.5 oxidative potential (OP). In our study, we examined a range of antioxidants found in the respiratory system (e.g., vitamin C, glutathione (GSH), and N-acetylcysteine (NAC)), in plasma (vitamin A, vitamin E, and β-carotene), and in food (tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ)). We aimed to explore antioxidants' prooxidant and antioxidant interactions with PM2.5 and the resulting OP and cytotoxicity. We employed OH generation assays and electron paramagnetic resonance assays to assess the pro-oxidative and anti-oxidative effects of antioxidants. Additionally, we assessed cytotoxicity interaction using a Chinese hamster ovary cell cytotoxicity assay. Our findings revealed that, in the presence of PM2.5, all antioxidants except vitamin E significantly increased the PM2.5 OP by generating more OH radicals (OH generation rate: 0.16-24.67 pmol·min-1·m-3). However, it's noteworthy that these generated OH radicals were at least partially neutralized by the antioxidants themselves. Among the pro-oxidative antioxidants, vitamin A, β-carotene, and TBHQ showed the least ability to quench these radicals, consistent with their observed impact in enhancing PM2.5 cytotoxicity (PM2.5 LC50 reduced to 91.2 %, 88.8 %, and 75.1 % of PM2.5's original level, respectively). Notably, vitamin A and TBHQ-enhanced PM2.5 OP were strongly associated with the presence of metals and organic compounds, particularly with copper (Cu) contributing significantly (35 %) to TBHQ's pro-oxidative effect. Our study underscores the potential health risks associated with the interaction between antioxidants and ambient pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chunbo Xing
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Baohua Cai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenhui Qiu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jinghao Zhai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yaling Zeng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Antai Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shao Shi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Tzung-May Fu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huizhong Shen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianhuai Ye
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen 518055, China
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9
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Li JM, Zhao SM, Wu SP, Jiang BQ, Liu YJ, Zhang J, Schwab JJ. Size-segregated characteristics of water-soluble oxidative potential in urban Xiamen: Potential driving factors and implications for human health. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168902. [PMID: 38029991 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative potential (OP), defined as the ability of particulate matter (PM) to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), has been considered as a potential health-related metric for PM. Particles with different sizes have different OP and deposition efficiencies in the respiratory tract and pose different health risks. In this study, size-segregated PM samples were collected at a coastal urban site in Xiamen, a port city in southeastern China, between August 2020 and September 2021. The water-soluble constituents, including inorganic ions, elements and organic carbon, were determined. Total volume-normalized OP based on the dithiothreitol assay was highest in spring (0.241 ± 0.033 nmol min-1 m-3) and lowest in summer (0.073 ± 0.006 nmol min-1 m-3). OP had a biomodal distribution with peaks at 0.25-0.44 μm and 1.0-1.4 μm in spring, summer, and winter and a unimodal pattern with peak at 0.25-0.44 μm in fall, which were different from the patterns of redox-active species. Variations in the seasonality of fine and coarse mode OP and their correlations with water-soluble constituents showed that the size distribution patterns of OP could be attributed to the combined effects of the size distributions of transition metals and redox-active organics and the interactions between them which varied with emissions, meteorological conditions and atmospheric processes. Respiratory tract deposition model indicated that the deposited OP and the toxic elements accounted for 47.9 % and 36.8 % of their measured concentrations, respectively. The highest OP doses and the excess lifetime carcinogenic risk (ELCR) were found in the head airway (>70 %). However, the size distributions of OP deposition and ELCR in the respiratory tract were different, with 63.9 % and 49.4 % of deposited ELCR and OP, respectively, coming from PM2.5. Therefore, attention must be paid to coarse particles from non-exhaust emissions and road dust resuspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Min Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Center for Marine Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Si-Min Zhao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Center for Marine Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Shui-Ping Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Center for Marine Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Bing-Qi Jiang
- Fujian Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Yi-Jing Liu
- Fujian Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany 12203, USA
| | - James J Schwab
- Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany 12203, USA
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10
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Sharma B, Mao J, Jia S, Sharma SK, Mandal TK, Bau S, Sarkar S. Size-distribution and driving factors of aerosol oxidative potential in rural kitchen microenvironments of northeastern India. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 343:123246. [PMID: 38158012 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
This study reports size-resolved dithiothreitol (DTT)-based oxidative potential (OP: total and water-soluble) in rural kitchens using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), firewood (FW), and mixed biomass (MB) fuels in northeastern (NE) India. In comparison to LPG, volume-normalized total OP (OPtotal(v)DTT) was enhanced by a factor of ∼5 in biomass-using kitchens (74 ± 35 to 78 ± 42 nmol min-1 m-3); however, mass-normalized total OP (OPtotal(m)DTT) was similar between LPG and FW users and higher by a factor of 2 in MB-using kitchens. The water-insoluble OP (OPwi(v, m)DTT) fraction in OPtotal(v, m)DTT was greater than 50% across kitchens. Size distributions across kitchens and OPDTT categories ranged from unimodal to trimodal. OPws(v)DTT was driven by metals as well as organics across size fractions while OPwi(v)DTT was majorly constrained by metals with an increasing importance of organics in fine particles of biomass-using kitchens. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that Cu and Ba explained 71% of the OPtotal(v)DTT variability in LPG-using kitchens, while water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and Ba were responsible for 44% variability in FW-using kitchens. Finally, the high internal dose of OPtotal(v)DTT (28-31 nmol min-1 m-3) in biomass-using kitchens established the severity of oxidative stress on the exposed population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijay Sharma
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India.
| | - Jingying Mao
- Scientific Research Academy of Guangxi Environmental Protection, Nanning 530022, China.
| | - Shiguo Jia
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Field Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Sudhir K Sharma
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory (CSIR-NPL), Dr. K.S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Tuhin K Mandal
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory (CSIR-NPL), Dr. K.S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Sebastien Bau
- Laboratory of Aerosol Metrology, Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, Rue du Morvan, CS 60027, Vandoeuvre Cedex 54519, France.
| | - Sayantan Sarkar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India.
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11
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Park M, Lee S, Lee H, Denna MCFJ, Jang J, Oh D, Bae MS, Jang KS, Park K. New health index derived from oxidative potential and cell toxicity of fine particulate matter to assess its potential health effect. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25310. [PMID: 38356560 PMCID: PMC10864913 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Toxicological data and exposure levels of fine particulate matters (PM2.5) are necessary to better understand their health effects. Simultaneous measurements of PM2.5 oxidative potential (OP) and cell toxicity in urban areas (Beijing, China and Gwangju, Korea) reveal their dependence on chemical composition. Notably, acids (Polar), benzocarboxylic acids, and Pb were the chemical components that affected both OP and cell toxicity. OP varied more significantly among different locations and seasons (winter and summer) than cell toxicity. Using the measured OP, cell toxicity, and PM2.5 concentration, a health index was developed to better assess the potential health effects of PM2.5. The health index was related to the sources of PM2.5 derived from the measured chemical components. The contributions of secondary organic aerosols and dust to the proposed health index were more significant than their contributions to PM2.5 mass. The developed regression equation was used to predict the health effect of PM2.5 without further toxicity measurements. This new index could be a valuable health metric that provides information beyond just the PM2.5 concentration level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhan Park
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghye Lee
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Haebum Lee
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ma. Cristine Faye J. Denna
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiho Jang
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Oh
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Suk Bae
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mokpo National University, Muan, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Soon Jang
- Biomedical Omics Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihong Park
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
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12
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Wang L, Gao K, Li W, Lu L. Research progress on the characteristics, sources, and environmental and potential health effects of water-soluble organic compounds in atmospheric particulate matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:11472-11489. [PMID: 38198085 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31723-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Water-soluble organic compounds (WSOCs) have received extensive attention due to their indistinct chemical components, complex sources, negative environmental impact, and potential health effects. To the best of our knowledge, until now, there has been no comprehensive review focused on the research progress of WSOCs. This paper reviewed the studies on chemical constituent and characterization, distribution condition, sources, environmental impact, as well as the potential health effects of WSOCs in the past 13 years. Moreover, the main existing challenges and directions for the future research on WSOCs were discussed from several aspects. Because of the complex composition of WSOCs and many unknown individual components that have not been detected, there is still a need for the identification and quantification of WSOCs. As modern people spend more time in indoor environments, it is meaningful to fill the gaps in the component characteristics and sources of indoor WSOCs. In addition, although in vitro cell experiments have shown that WSOCs could induce cellular oxidative stress and trigger the inflammatory response, the corresponding mechanisms of action need to be further explored. The current population epidemiology research of WSOCs is missing. Prospectively, we propose to conduct a comprehensive and simultaneous analysis strategy for concentration screening, source apportionment, potential health effects, and action mechanisms of WSOCs based on high throughput omics coupled with machine learning simulation and prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing On Regional Air Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Gao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing On Regional Air Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing On Regional Air Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing On Regional Air Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China
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13
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Raparthi N, Yadav S, Khare A, Dubey S, Phuleria HC. Chemical and oxidative properties of fine particulate matter from near-road traffic sources. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 337:122514. [PMID: 37678733 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity associated with the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has not been well studied, particularly in relation to the emissions from on-road vehicles and other sources in low- and middle-income countries such as India. Thus, a study was conducted to examine the oxidative potential (OP) of PM2.5 at a roadside (RS) site with heavy vehicular traffic and an urban background (BG) site in Mumbai using the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. Simultaneous gravimetric PM2.5 was measured at both sites and characterized for carbonaceous constituents and water-soluble trace elements and metals. Results depicted higher PM2.5, elemental carbon (EC), and organic carbon (OC) concentrations on the RS than BG (by a factor of 1.7, 4.6, and 1.2, respectively), while BG had higher water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) levels (by a factor of 1.4) and a higher WSOC to OC ratio (86%), likely due to the dominance of secondary aerosol formation. In contrast, the measured OPDTTv at RS (8.9 ± 5.5 nmol/min/m3) and BG (8.1 ± 6.4 nmol/min/m3) sites were similar. However, OPDTTv at BG was higher during the afternoon, suggesting the influence of photochemical transformation on measured OPDTTv at BG. At RS, OC and redox-active metals (Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe) were significantly associated with measured OP (p < 0.05), while at BG, WSOC was most strongly associated (p < 0.05). The coefficient of divergence (COD) for PM2.5, its chemical species, and OPDTTv was >0.2, indicating spatial heterogeneity between the sites, and differences in emission sources and toxicity. The estimated hazard index (HI) was not associated with OPDTTv, indicating that current PM2.5 mass regulations may not adequately capture the health effects of PM2.5. The study highlights the need for further studies examining PM2.5 toxicity and developing toxicity-based air quality regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra Raparthi
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India; Air Quality Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Suman Yadav
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Ashi Khare
- Centre for Technology Alternatives for Rural Areas, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Shreya Dubey
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Harish C Phuleria
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India; IDP in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India; Koita Centre for Digital Health, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.
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14
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Barbier E, Carpentier J, Simonin O, Gosset P, Platel A, Happillon M, Alleman LY, Perdrix E, Riffault V, Chassat T, Lo Guidice JM, Anthérieu S, Garçon G. Oxidative stress and inflammation induced by air pollution-derived PM 2.5 persist in the lungs of mice after cessation of their sub-chronic exposure. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 181:108248. [PMID: 37857188 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
More than 7 million early deaths/year are attributable to air pollution. Current health concerns are especially focused on air pollution-derived particulate matter (PM). Although oxidative stress-induced airway inflammation is one of the main adverse outcome pathways triggered by air pollution-derived PM, the persistence of both these underlying mechanisms, even after exposure cessation, remained poorly studied. In this study, A/JOlaHsd mice were also exposed acutely (24 h) or sub-chronically (4 weeks), with or without a recovery period (12 weeks), to two urban PM2.5 samples collected during contrasting seasons (i.e., autumn/winter, AW or spring/summer, SS). The distinct intrinsic oxidative potentials (OPs) of AW and SS PM2.5, as evaluated in acellular conditions, were closely related to their respective physicochemical characteristics and their respective ability to really generate ROS over-production in the mouse lungs. Despite the early activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) cell signaling pathway by AW and, in a lesser degree, SS PM2.5, in the murine lungs after acute and sub-chronic exposures, the critical redox homeostasis was not restored, even after the exposure cessation. Accordingly, an inflammatory response was reported through the activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) cell signaling pathway activation, the secretion of cytokines, and the recruitment of inflammatory cells, in the murine lungs after the acute and sub-chronic exposures to AW and, in a lesser extent, to SS PM2.5, which persisted after the recovery period. Taken together, these original results provided, for the first time, new relevant insights that air pollution-derived PM2.5, with relatively high intrinsic OPs, induced oxidative stress and inflammation, which persisted admittedly at a lower level in the lungs after the exposure cessation, thereby contributing to the occurrence of molecular and cellular adverse events leading to the development and/or exacerbation of future chronic inflammatory lung diseases and even cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Barbier
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR4483-IMPECS, France
| | - Jessica Carpentier
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR4483-IMPECS, France
| | - Ophélie Simonin
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR4483-IMPECS, France
| | - Pierre Gosset
- Service d'Anatomo-pathologie, Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Lille, France
| | - Anne Platel
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR4483-IMPECS, France
| | - Mélanie Happillon
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR4483-IMPECS, France
| | - Laurent Y Alleman
- IMT Nord Europe, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Lille, Centre for Energy and Environment, Lille, France
| | - Esperanza Perdrix
- IMT Nord Europe, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Lille, Centre for Energy and Environment, Lille, France
| | - Véronique Riffault
- IMT Nord Europe, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Lille, Centre for Energy and Environment, Lille, France
| | - Thierry Chassat
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Plateforme d'Expérimentation et de Haute Technologie Animale, Lille, France
| | | | | | - Guillaume Garçon
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR4483-IMPECS, France.
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15
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Ai J, Qin W, Chen J, Sun Y, Yu Q, Xin K, Huang H, Zhang L, Ahmad M, Liu X. Pollution characteristics and light-driven evolution of environmentally persistent free radicals in PM 2.5 in two typical northern cities of China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 454:131466. [PMID: 37099909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) in PM2.5 can pose significant health risks by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, Beijing and Yuncheng were chosen as two representative northern cities of China that mainly relied on natural gas and coal respectively as the energy source for domestic heating in winter. The pollution characteristics and exposure risks of EPFRs in PM2.5 around the heating season of 2020 were investigated and compared between the two cities. Through laboratory simulation experiments, the decay kinetics and secondary formation of EPFRs in PM2.5 collected in both cities were also studied. EPFRs in PM2.5 collected in Yuncheng in the heating period showed longer lifetime and lower reactivity, suggesting that EPFRs originated from coal combustion were more stable in the atmosphere. However, the generation rate of hydroxyl radical (·OH) by the newly formed EPFRs in PM2.5 in Beijing under ambient conditions was 4.4 times of that in Yuncheng, suggesting higher oxidative potential of EPFRs from the atmospheric secondary processes. Accordingly, the control strategies of EPFRs and their health risks were raised for the two cities, which would also have direct implication for the control of EPFRs in other areas of similar atmospheric emission and reaction patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ai
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center of Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Weihua Qin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center of Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center of Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yuewei Sun
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center of Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qing Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center of Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ke Xin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center of Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Huiying Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center of Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center of Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center of Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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16
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Zhang T, Shen Z, Huang S, Lei Y, Zeng Y, Sun J, Zhang Q, Ho SSH, Xu H, Cao J. Optical properties, molecular characterizations, and oxidative potentials of different polarity levels of water-soluble organic matters in winter PM 2.5 in six China's megacities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158600. [PMID: 36089047 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Humic-like substances (HULIS) accounted for a great fraction of water-soluble organic matter (WSOM) in PM2.5, which efficiently absorb ultraviolet (UV) radiation and pose climate and health impacts. In this study, the molecular structure, optical properties, and oxidative potential (OP) of acid- and neutral-HULIS (denoted as HULIS-a, and HULIS-n, respectively), and high-polarity WSOM (HP-WSOM) were investigated in winter PM2.5 collected at six China's megacities. For both carbon levels and optical absorption coefficients (babs_365), HULIS-a/HULIS-n/HP-WSOM showed significant spatial differences. For each city, the carbon levels and babs_365 follow a similar order of HULIS-n > HULIS-a > HP-WSOM. Besides, the babs_365 of HULIS-n and HULIS-a showed the same order of Harbin > Beijing ≈ Wuhan > Xi'an > Guangzhou > Chengdu, while HP-WSOM exhibited an order of Wuhan > Chengdu > Xi'an > Harbin > Beijing > Guangzhou. Both HULIS-a and HULIS-n were abundant in aromatic and aliphatic compounds, whereas HP-WSOM was dominated by a carboxylic acid group. The OP (in unit of nmol H2O2 μg-1C) followed the order of HP-WSOM > HULIS-a > HULIS-n in all the cities. The OPs of HULIS-a, HULIS-n, and HP-WSOM in Harbin and Beijing were much higher than those of other cities, attributing to the high contribution from biomass burning. Highly positive correlations between reactive oxygen species (ROS) of HULIS-a and MAE365 were obtained in Chengdu, Wuhan, and Harbin, but ROS of HULIS-n had stronger correlation with MAE365 in Harbin, Chengdu, and Xi'an.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China.
| | - Shasha Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yali Lei
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yaling Zeng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Steven Sai Hang Ho
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV 89512, United States
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
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Evaluation of ·OH Production Potential of Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Collected on TiO2-Supporting Quartz Filters. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12091016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress induced by fine particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) is a potential cause of adverse health effects owing to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Air filtration is a key technology for preventing exposure to particulate contaminations; however, particulate matter trapped by filters has the potential risk of human contact with condensed PM2.5. Thus, this study aims to reduce the hydroxyl radical (·OH) production potential of PM2.5 collected on such TiO2-supporting quartz filters. The ·OH production potential was evaluated for PM2.5, which was collected in Kanagawa, Japan, using a terephthalate assay coupled with flow injection analysis. Although the PM2.5 levels at the sampling site were not severe, the PM2.5 samples exhibited ·OH production potential, which was mostly attributed to organic aerosols. The effect was verified using a TiO2-supporting quartz filter for the collection and subsequent degradation of PM2.5. The ·OH production potential was significantly reduced from 0.58 ± 0.40 pmol/(min m3) to 0.22 ± 0.13 pmol/(min m3) through ultraviolet irradiation for 24 h. This suggests that the photocatalytic reaction of the TiO2 filter is effective in reducing the ·OH production potential of PM2.5.
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