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Ou SP, Liao XL, Huang ZT, Hu YC, Cai Z, Chen ZF. Bioaccessibility and health risk assessment of hydrophobic organic pollutants in soils from four typical industrial contaminated sites in China. J Environ Sci (China) 2025; 147:282-293. [PMID: 39003047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
There have been reports of potential health risks for people from hydrophobic organic pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated hydrocarbons (PCHs), and organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs). When a contaminated site is used for residential housing or public utility and recreation areas, the soil-bound organic pollutants might pose a threat to human health. In this study, we investigated the contamination profiles and potential risks to human health of 15 PAHs, 6 PCHs, and 12 OPFRs in soils from four contaminated sites in China. We used an in vitro method to determine the oral bioaccessibility of soil pollutants. Total PAHs were found at concentrations ranging from 26.4 ng/g to 987 ng/g. PCHs (0.27‒14.3 ng/g) and OPFRs (6.30‒310 ng/g) were detected, but at low levels compared to earlier reports. The levels of PAHs, PCHs, and OPFRs released from contaminated soils into simulated gastrointestinal fluids ranged from 1.74% to 91.0%, 2.51% to 39.6%, and 1.37% to 96.9%, respectively. Based on both spiked and unspiked samples, we found that the oral bioaccessibility of pollutants was correlated with their logKow and molecular weight, and the total organic carbon content and pH of soils. PAHs in 13 out of 38 contaminated soil samples posed potential high risks to children. When considering oral bioaccessibility, nine soils still posed potential risks, while the risks in the remaining soils became negligible. The contribution of this paper is that it corrects the health risk of soil-bound organic pollutants by detecting bioaccessibility in actual soils from different contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ping Ou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Liao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zi-Tao Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yan-Cong Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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2
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Li K, Hao W, Chen Z, Ye Z, Zhao T. Responses of colonization and development of periphytic biofilms to three typical tire wear particles with or without incubation-aging in migrating aqueous phases. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 942:173716. [PMID: 38851346 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the behavior of tire wear particles (TWPs) and their impact on aquatic environments after aging is essential. This study explored the characteristics of TWPs generated using different methods (rolling friction, sliding friction, and cryogenic milling) and their transformation after exposure to environmental conditions mimicking runoff and sewage, focusing on their effects on river water and periphytic biofilms. Laboratory experiments indicate that at low exposure levels (0.1 mg/L), TWPs promoted biofilm growth, likely due to zinc release acting as a nutrient and the aggregation of particles serving as biofilm scaffolds. However, at higher concentrations (100 mg/L), TWPs inhibited biofilm development. This inhibition is linked to toxic byproducts like N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone and environmentally persistent free radicals, which reduce biofilm biomass, alter algal diversity, and decrease the production of essential biofilm components such as proteins and polysaccharides, consistent with the inhibitory behavior of TWPs on bis-(3'-5')-cyclic diguanosine monophosphate and quorum sensing signals, including acyl-homoserine lactone and autoinducer-2. Aging processes, particularly after simulated sewage treatment, further affect ecological impacts of TWPs, reducing the benefits observed at low concentrations and intensifying the negative effects at high concentrations. Contribution of here lies in systematically revealing the impact of TWPs on the development of aquatic biofilms, emphasizing the logical relationship between their aging characteristics, environmental behavior, and ecological risks. It assesses not only the release effects of typical additives and conventional size effects but also highlights the emerging photochemical toxicity (persistent free radicals), thus providing valuable insights into the aquatic ecological risk assessment of TWPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, China.
| | - Wanqi Hao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, China
| | - Zhangle Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, China
| | - Zidong Ye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, China
| | - Tianyi Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, China
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3
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Magni S, Sbarberi R, Dolfini D, Nigro L, Binelli A. Behind conventional (micro)plastics: An ecotoxicological characterization of aqueous suspensions from End-of-Life Tire particles. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 273:107032. [PMID: 39068809 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Million tons of tires become waste every year, and the so-called End-of-Life Tires (ELTs) are ground into powder (ELT-dp; size < 0.8 mm) and granules (ELT-dg; 0.8 < size < 2.5 mm) for recycling. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sub-lethal effects of three different concentrations (0.1, 1, and 10 mg/L) of aqueous suspensions from ELT-dp and ELT-dg on Danio rerio (zebrafish) larvae exposed from 0 to 120 h post-fertilization (hpf). Chronic effects were assessed through biomarkers, real-time PCR, and proteomics. We observed a significant increase in swimming behavior and heart rate only in specimens exposed to ELT-dp suspensions at 1 and 10 mg/L, respectively. Conversely, the activities of detoxifying enzymes ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) showed significant modulation only in specimens exposed to ELT-dg groups. Although no effects were observed through real-time PCR, proteomics highlighted alterations induced by the three ELT-dp concentrations in over 100 proteins involved in metabolic pathways of aromatic and nitrogen compounds. The results obtained suggest that the toxic mechanism of action (MoA) of ELT suspensions is mainly associated with the induction of effects by released chemicals in water, with a higher toxicity of ELT-dp compared to ELT-dg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Magni
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Sbarberi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Diletta Dolfini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lara Nigro
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Binelli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Liao XL, Chen ZF, Liu QY, Zhou JM, Cai WX, Wang Y, Cai Z. Tissue Accumulation and Biotransformation of 6PPD-Quinone in Adult Zebrafish and Its Effects on the Intestinal Microbial Community. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:10275-10286. [PMID: 38825773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c01409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The pronounced lethality of N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (6PPD-quinone or 6PPDQ) toward specific salmonids, while sparing other fish species, has received considerable attention. However, the underlying cause of this species-specific toxicity remains unresolved. This study explored 6PPDQ toxicokinetics and intestinal microbiota composition in adult zebrafish during a 14-day exposure to environmentally realistic concentrations, followed by a 7-day recovery phase. Predominant accumulation occurred in the brain, intestine, and eyes, with the lowest levels in the liver. Six metabolites were found to undergo hydroxylation, with two additionally undergoing O-sulfonation. Semiquantitative analyses revealed that the predominant metabolite featured a hydroxy group situated on the phenyl ring adjacent to the quinone. This was further validated by assessing enzyme activity and determining in silico binding interactions. Notably, the binding affinity between 6PPDQ and zebrafish phase I and II enzymes exceeded that with the corresponding coho salmon enzymes by 1.04-1.53 times, suggesting a higher potential for 6PPDQ detoxification in tolerant species. Whole-genome sequencing revealed significant increases in the genera Nocardioides and Rhodococcus after exposure to 6PPDQ. Functional annotation and pathway enrichment analyses predicted that these two genera would be responsible for the biodegradation and metabolism of xenobiotics. These findings offer crucial data for comprehending 6PPDQ-induced species-specific toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Liang Liao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qian-Yi Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jia-Ming Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wen-Xi Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
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5
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Le Du-Carrée J, Palacios CK, Rotander A, Larsson M, Alijagic A, Kotlyar O, Engwall M, Sjöberg V, Keiter SH, Almeda R. Cocktail effects of tire wear particles leachates on diverse biological models: A multilevel analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134401. [PMID: 38678714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Tire wear particles (TWP) stand out as a major contributor to microplastic pollution, yet their environmental impact remains inadequately understood. This study delves into the cocktail effects of TWP leachates, employing molecular, cellular, and organismal assessments on diverse biological models. Extracted in artificial seawater and analyzed for metals and organic compounds, TWP leachates revealed the presence of polyaromatic hydrocarbons and 4-tert-octylphenol. Exposure to TWP leachates (1.5 to 1000 mg peq L-1) inhibited algae growth and induced zebrafish embryotoxicity, pigment alterations, and behavioral changes. Cell painting uncovered pro-apoptotic changes, while mechanism-specific gene-reporter assays highlighted endocrine-disrupting potential, particularly antiandrogenic effects. Although heavy metals like zinc have been suggested as major players in TWP leachate toxicity, this study emphasizes water-leachable organic compounds as the primary causative agents of observed acute toxicity. The findings underscore the need to reduce TWP pollution in aquatic systems and enhance regulations governing highly toxic tire additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Le Du-Carrée
- University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria: Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Clara Kempkens Palacios
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Anna Rotander
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Maria Larsson
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Andi Alijagic
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Oleksandr Kotlyar
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; Centre for Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems (AASS), Mobile Robotics and Olfaction Lab (MRO), Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Magnus Engwall
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Viktor Sjöberg
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Steffen H Keiter
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Rodrigo Almeda
- University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria: Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Jiang JR, Cai WX, Chen ZF, Liao XL, Cai Z. Prediction of acute toxicity for Chlorella vulgaris caused by tire wear particle-derived compounds using quantitative structure-activity relationship models. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 256:121643. [PMID: 38663211 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Tire wear particles (TWPs) enter aquatic ecosystems through various pathways, such as rainwater and urban runoff. Additives in TWPs can harm aquatic organisms in these ecosystems. Therefore, it is essential to investigate their toxicity to aquatic organisms. In our study, we initially recorded the median effective concentrations of 21 TWP-derived compounds on Chlorella vulgaris growth, ranging from 0.04 to 8.60 mg/L. Subsequently, through an extensive review of the literature, we incorporated 112 compounds with specific toxicity endpoints to construct the QSAR model using genetic algorithm and multiple linear regression techniques, followed by the construction of the consensus model and the quantitative read-across structure-activity relationship (q-RASAR) model. Meanwhile, we employed rigorous internal and external validation measures to assess the performance of the model. The results indicated that the developed q-RASAR model exhibited strong adaptation, robustness, and reliable prediction, with q-RASAR indicators of Q2LOO = 0.7673, R2tr = 0.8079, R2test = 0.8610, Q2Fn = 0.8285-0.8614, and CCCtest = 0.9222. Based on an external dataset containing 128 emerging TWP-derived compounds, the model's applicability domain coverage was 90.6 %. The q-RASAR model predicted that the structure of diphenylamine was associated with higher toxicity, possibly liked to the SpMax2_Bhm and LogBCF descriptors. The established model reliably provides prediction and fills a critical data gap. These findings highlight the potential risks posed by emerging TWP-derived compounds to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Ru Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wen-Xi Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xiao-Liang Liao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
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7
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Wei LN, Wu NN, Xu R, Liu S, Li HX, Lin L, Hou R, Xu XR, Zhao JL, Ying GG. First Evidence of the Bioaccumulation and Trophic Transfer of Tire Additives and Their Transformation Products in an Estuarine Food Web. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:6370-6380. [PMID: 38497719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The discovery of the significant lethal impacts of the tire additive transformation product N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (6PPD-Q) on coho salmon has garnered global attention. However, the bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of tire additives and their transformation products (TATPs) within food webs remain obscure. This study first characterized the levels and compositions of 15 TATPs in the Pearl River Estuary, estimated their bioaccumulation and trophic transfer potential in 21 estuarine species, and identified priority contaminants. Our observations indicated that TATPs were prevalent in the estuarine environment. Eight, six, seven, and 10 TATPs were first quantified in the shrimp, sea cucumber, snail, and fish samples, with total mean levels of 45, 56, 64, and 67 ng/g (wet weight), respectively. N,N'-Diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPPD) and N,N'-bis(2-methylphenyl)-1,4-benzenediamine (DTPD) exhibited high bioaccumulation. Significant biodilution was only identified for benzothiazole, while DPPD and DTPD displayed biomagnification trends based on Monte Carlo simulations. The mechanisms of bioaccumulation and trophodynamics of TATPs could be explained by their chemical hydrophobicity, molecular mass, and metabolic rates. Based on a multicriteria scoring technique, DPPD, DTPD, and 6PPD-Q were characterized as priority contaminants. This work emphasizes the importance of biomonitoring, particularly for specific hydrophobic tire additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ni Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Nian-Nian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ru Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Heng-Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Lang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Rui Hou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Jian-Liang Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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8
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De Oliveira T, Muresan B, Ricordel S, Lumière L, Truong XT, Poirier L, Gasperi J. Realistic assessment of tire and road wear particle emissions and their influencing factors on different types of roads. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133301. [PMID: 38141300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to examine tire and road wear particle (TRWP) emissions under realistic conditions in order to provide some valuable insights into understanding their sources and fate in the environment. TRWP emissions were evaluated with a fully instrumented vehicle driving on five representative road types: urban, ring road, suburban, highway, and rural. Multiple vehicle dynamic variables were recorded to assess the factors influencing these emissions. For the first time, emitted particles were collected on filters and analyzed by means of pyrolysis coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine the polymeric content of tires, in specifically quantifying styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and butadiene rubber (BR) pyrolytic markers. The measurements obtained from the five road types revealed similar size distributions for SBR + BR emissions, with maxima found in the (ultra)fine fraction (< 0.39 µm). Upon applying an SBR + BR-to-TRWP conversion factor, (ultra)fine fraction TRWP emissions proved to be the highest for suburban (64 ± 5 µg/km), followed by highway, urban, ring road and rural routes. The output represents up to 480 tons of TRWP per year emitted in the EU27, thus suggesting a widely impregnated atmospheric compartment capable of threatening human health. Furthermore, an analysis of variables revealed that acceleration, tire constraints, and constant sustained driving factors had specific impacts on TRWP emissions.
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9
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Ren Y, Li W, Jia Q, Zhao Y, Qu C, Liu L, Liu J, Wu C. Separation and quantification of tire and road wear particles in road dust samples: Bonded-sulfur as a novel marker. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133089. [PMID: 38016316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Tire road wear particles (TRWPs) are a large source of microplastics in the environment, while the quantification of TRWPs is still challenging due to the complex interferences and the uncertainties and inconsistencies among different methods. This study developed a TRWPs quantification method using optimized pretreatments and bonded-sulfur as marker. Road dust samples (n = 48) were collected, pretreatments including density separation, digestion and extraction were optimized to remove interferences of the bonded-sulfur (minerals, sulfur-containing proteins, hydrosoluble/hydrophobic sulfur-containing substances). Presence of TRWPs in the samples was confirmed by microscopy and scanning electron microscopyenergy dispersive spectrometry. Bonded-sulfur in the samples were quantified by inductively coupled plasmamass spectrometry (ICPMS). Additionally, bonded-sulfur in tire wear particles (TWPs) abraded from tires of top 10 best-selling brands were measured to calculate conversion factor (1.1 ×104 μg/g) for the quantification of TRWPs in real samples. TRWPs contents were 5.40 × 104 μg/g11.02 × 104 μg/g and 2.36 × 104 μg/g5.30 × 104 μg/g in samples from heavy and light traffic roads, respectively. The method provided better recoveries (88-107%, n = 18) and repeatability (RSD=2.0-7.9%, n = 3) compared to methods using rubber, benzothiazole and organic zinc as markers. Furthermore, stability of the bonded-sulfur was validated by Raman and ICPMS. Thus, this accurate and stable quantification method could promote research on TRWPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Ren
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qi Jia
- China Testing & Certification International Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100024, China
| | - Yanjun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chen Qu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Li Liu
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiemin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Chuandong Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
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10
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Moreira W, Alonso O, Paule A, Martínez I, Le Du-Carreé J, Almeda R. Life stage-specific effects of tire particle leachates on the cosmopolitan planktonic copepod Acartia tonsa. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 343:123256. [PMID: 38171424 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Tire wear particles (TWP) are a major source of microplastics in the aquatic environment and the ecological impacts of their leachates are of major environmental concern. Among marine biota, copepods are the most abundant animals in the ocean and a main link between primary producers and higher trophic levels in the marine food webs. In this study, we determined the acute lethal and sublethal effects of tire particle leachates on different life stages of the cosmopolitan planktonic copepod Acartia tonsa. Median lethal concentration (LC50, 48 h) ranged from 0.4 to 0.6 g L-1 depending on the life stages, being nauplii and copepodites more sensitive to tire particle leachates than adults. The median effective concentration (EC50, 48 h) for hatching was higher than 1 g L-1, indicating a relatively low sensitivity of hatching to tire particle leachates. However, metamorphosis (from nauplius VI to copepodite I) was notably reduced by tire particle leachates with an EC50 (48 h) of 0.23 g L-1 and the absence of metamorphosis at 1 g L-1, suggesting a strong developmental delay or endocrine disruption. Leachates also caused a significant decrease (10-22%) in the body length of nauplii and copepodites after exposure to TWP leachates (0.25 and 0.5 g L-1). We tested a battery of enzymatic biomarkers in A. tonsa adult stages, but a sublethal concentration of 50 mg L-1 of tire particle leachates did not cause a statistically significant effect on the measured enzymatic activities. Our results show that tire particle leachates can negatively impact the development, metamorphosis, and survival of planktonic copepods. More field data on concentrations of TWPs and the fate and persistence of their leached additives is needed for a better assessment of the risk of tire particle pollution on marine food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilma Moreira
- EOMAR, ECOAQUA, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Olalla Alonso
- EOMAR, ECOAQUA, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Antonio Paule
- EOMAR, ECOAQUA, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Ico Martínez
- EOMAR, ECOAQUA, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | | | - Rodrigo Almeda
- EOMAR, ECOAQUA, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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