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Miyaaki H, Miuma S, Fukusima M, Sasaki R, Haraguchi M, Nakao Y, Akazawa Y, Nakao K. Liver fibrosis analysis using digital pathology. Med Mol Morphol 2024; 57:161-166. [PMID: 38980407 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-024-00395-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Digital pathology has enabled the noninvasive quantification of pathological parameters. In addition, the combination of digital pathology and artificial intelligence has enabled the analysis of a vast amount of information, leading to the sharing of much information and the elimination of knowledge gaps. Fibrosis, which reflects chronic inflammation, is the most important pathological parameter in chronic liver diseases, such as viral hepatitis and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. It has been reported that the quantitative evaluation of various fibrotic parameters by digital pathology can predict the prognosis of liver disease and hepatocarcinogenesis. Liver fibrosis evaluation methods include 1 fiber quantification, 2 elastin and collagen quantification, 3 s harmonic generation/two photon excitation fluorescence (SHG/TPE) microscopy, and 4 Fibronest™.. In this review, we provide an overview of role of digital pathology on the evaluation of fibrosis in liver disease and the characteristics of recent methods to assess liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisamitsu Miyaaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Miuma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Masanori Fukusima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Ryu Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Masafumi Haraguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Nakao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yuko Akazawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
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Karnawat K, Parthasarathy R, Sakhrie M, Karthik H, Krishna KV, Balachander GM. Building in vitro models for mechanistic understanding of liver regeneration in chronic liver diseases. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:7669-7691. [PMID: 38973693 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00738g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The liver has excellent regeneration potential and attains complete functional recovery from partial hepatectomy. The regenerative mechanisms malfunction in chronic liver diseases (CLDs), which fuels disease progression. CLDs account for 2 million deaths per year worldwide. Pathophysiological studies with clinical correlation have shown evidence of deviation of normal regenerative mechanisms and its contribution to fueling fibrosis and disease progression. However, we lack realistic in vitro models that can allow experimental manipulation for mechanistic understanding of liver regeneration in CLDs and testing of candidate drugs. In this review, we aim to provide the framework for building appropriate organotypic models for dissecting regenerative responses in CLDs, with the focus on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). By drawing parallels with development and hepatectomy, we explain the selection of critical components such as cells, signaling, and, substrate-driven biophysical cues to build an appropriate CLD model. We highlight the organoid-based organotypic models available for NASH disease modeling, including organ-on-a-chip and 3D bioprinted models. With the focus on bioprinting as a fabrication method, we prescribe building in vitro CLD models and testing schemes for exploring the regenerative responses in the bioprinted model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushi Karnawat
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Rithika Parthasarathy
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Mesevilhou Sakhrie
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Harikeshav Karthik
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Konatala Vibhuvan Krishna
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Gowri Manohari Balachander
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi-221005, India.
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Takimoto A, Wolfe N, Jiahui L, Kato D, Yasui A, Uchida H, Asai A. Portal vein hypoplasia is present in patients with biliary atresia at the time of diagnosis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2024. [PMID: 39129391 DOI: 10.1002/jpn3.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with biliary atresia (BA), severe portal hypertension (HTN) develops even with successful bile flow restoration, suggesting an intrinsic factor driving portal HTN independent from bile obstruction. We hypothesize that patients with BA have abnormal portal vein (PV) development, leading to PV hypoplasia. METHODS In this observational cohort study, we enrolled patients who were referred to a tertiary center from 2017 to 2021 to rule out BA. Newborns who underwent computed tomography (CT) angiogram as a clinical routine before intraoperative cholangiogram, and laparoscopic Kasai hepatoportoenterostomy. The diameter of the PV and hepatic artery (HA) were compared to the degree of liver fibrosis in the wedge biopsies. The jaundice clearance, native liver survival, and clinical portal hypertensive events, including ascites development and intestinal bleeding, were assessed. RESULTS 47 newborns with cholestasis were included in the cohort; 35 were diagnosed with BA. The patients with BA had a smaller median PV diameter (4.3 vs. 5.1 mm; p < 0.001) and larger median HA diameter (1.4 vs. 1.2 mm; p < 0.05) compared to the patients with other forms of cholestasis. The median PV and HA diameter did not correlate with the degree of liver fibrosis. Among 35 patients with BA, 29 patients (82.9%) achieved jaundice clearance, and 23 patients (65.7%) were alive with their native liver at two years of age. Seven patients (20%) developed intestinal bleeding, and seven patients (20%) developed ascites, with one overlapping patient. CONCLUSION PV hypoplasia is present in patients with BA independent of liver fibrosis at the time of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitaro Takimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nicholas Wolfe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Liu Jiahui
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daiki Kato
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yasui
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroo Uchida
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akihiro Asai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Collage of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Cicchi R, Baria E, Mari M, Filippidis G, Chorvat D. Extraction of collagen morphological features from second-harmonic generation microscopy images via GLCM and CT analyses: A cross-laboratory study. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202400090. [PMID: 38937995 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202400090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy provides a high-resolution label-free approach for noninvasively detecting collagen organization and its pathological alterations. Up to date, several imaging analysis algorithms for extracting collagen morphological features from SHG images-such as fiber size and length, order and anisotropy-have been developed. However, the dependence of extracted features on experimental setting represents a significant obstacle for translating the methodology in the clinical practice. We tackled this problem by acquiring SHG images of the same kind of collagenous sample in various laboratories using different experimental setups and imaging conditions. The acquired images were analyzed by commonly used algorithms, such as gray-level co-occurrence matrix or curvelet transform; the extracted morphological features were compared, finding that they strongly depend on some experimental parameters, whereas they are almost independent from others. We conclude with useful suggestions for comparing results obtained in different labs using different experimental setups and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cicchi
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Florence, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - E Baria
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - M Mari
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Crete, Greece
| | - G Filippidis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Crete, Greece
| | - D Chorvat
- Department of Biophotonics, International Laser Centre (ILC), Slovak Centre of Scientific and Technical Information (SCSTI), Bratislava, Slovakia
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5
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Zhi Y, Fan K, Liu S, Hu K, Zan X, Lin L, Yang Y, Gong X, Chen K, Tang L, Li L, Huang J, Zhang S, Zhang L. Deletion of GPR81 activates CREB/Smad7 pathway and alleviates liver fibrosis in mice. Mol Med 2024; 30:99. [PMID: 38982366 PMCID: PMC11234765 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00867-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhanced glycolysis is a crucial metabolic event that drives the development of liver fibrosis, but the molecular mechanisms have not been fully understood. Lactate is the endproduct of glycolysis, which has recently been identified as a bioactive metabolite binding to G-protein-coupled receptor 81 (GPR81). We then questioned whether GPR81 is implicated in the development of liver fibrosis. METHODS The level of GPR81 was determined in mice with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis and in transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)-activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) LX-2. To investigate the significance of GPR81 in liver fibrosis, wild-type (WT) and GPR81 knockout (KO) mice were exposed to CCl4, and then the degree of liver fibrosis was determined. In addition, the GPR81 agonist 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) was supplemented in CCl4-challenged mice and TGF-β1-activated LX-2 cells to further investigate the pathological roles of GPR81 on HSCs activation. RESULTS CCl4 exposure or TGF-β1 stimulation significantly upregulated the expression of GPR81, while deletion of GPR81 alleviated CCl4-induced elevation of aminotransferase, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and deposition of collagen. Consistently, the production of TGF-β1, the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen I (COL1A1), as well as the elevation of hydroxyproline were suppressed in GPR81 deficient mice. Supplementation with DHBA enhanced CCl4-induced liver fibrogenesis in WT mice but not in GPR81 KO mice. DHBA also promoted TGF-β1-induced LX-2 activation. Mechanistically, GPR81 suppressed cAMP/CREB and then inhibited the expression of Smad7, a negative regulator of Smad3, which resulted in increased phosphorylation of Smad3 and enhanced activation of HSCs. CONCLUSION GPR81 might be a detrimental factor that promotes the development of liver fibrosis by regulating CREB/Smad7 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kerui Fan
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xinyan Zan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yongqiang Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xianqiong Gong
- Hepatology Center, Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Longjiang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jiayi Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- Laboratory of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400011, China.
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Bouguéon M, Legagneux V, Hazard O, Bomo J, Siegel A, Feret J, Théret N. A rule-based multiscale model of hepatic stellate cell plasticity: Critical role of the inactivation loop in fibrosis progression. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011858. [PMID: 39074160 PMCID: PMC11309422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are the source of extracellular matrix (ECM) whose overproduction leads to fibrosis, a condition that impairs liver functions in chronic liver diseases. Understanding the dynamics of HSCs will provide insights needed to develop new therapeutic approaches. Few models of hepatic fibrosis have been proposed, and none of them include the heterogeneity of HSC phenotypes recently highlighted by single-cell RNA sequencing analyses. Here, we developed rule-based models to study HSC dynamics during fibrosis progression and reversion. We used the Kappa graph rewriting language, for which we used tokens and counters to overcome temporal explosion. HSCs are modeled as agents that present seven physiological cellular states and that interact with (TGFβ1) molecules which regulate HSC activation and the secretion of type I collagen, the main component of the ECM. Simulation studies revealed the critical role of the HSC inactivation process during fibrosis progression and reversion. While inactivation allows elimination of activated HSCs during reversion steps, reactivation loops of inactivated HSCs (iHSCs) are required to sustain fibrosis. Furthermore, we demonstrated the model's sensitivity to (TGFβ1) parameters, suggesting its adaptability to a variety of pathophysiological conditions for which levels of (TGFβ1) production associated with the inflammatory response differ. Using new experimental data from a mouse model of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis, we validated the predicted ECM dynamics. Our model also predicts the accumulation of iHSCs during chronic liver disease. By analyzing RNA sequencing data from patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) associated with liver fibrosis, we confirmed this accumulation, identifying iHSCs as novel markers of fibrosis progression. Overall, our study provides the first model of HSC dynamics in chronic liver disease that can be used to explore the regulatory role of iHSCs in liver homeostasis. Moreover, our model can also be generalized to fibroblasts during repair and fibrosis in other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Bouguéon
- Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS, IRISA, UMR 6074, Rennes, France
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset, UMR S1085, Rennes, France
| | | | - Octave Hazard
- École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
- DI-ENS (Inria, ÉNS, CNRS, PSL University), École normale supérieure, Paris, France
| | - Jérémy Bomo
- Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS, IRISA, UMR 6074, Rennes, France
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset, UMR S1085, Rennes, France
| | - Anne Siegel
- Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS, IRISA, UMR 6074, Rennes, France
| | - Jérôme Feret
- DI-ENS (Inria, ÉNS, CNRS, PSL University), École normale supérieure, Paris, France
- Team Antique, Inria, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Théret
- Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS, IRISA, UMR 6074, Rennes, France
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset, UMR S1085, Rennes, France
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Brunner A, Unterberger SH, Auer H, Hautz T, Schneeberger S, Stalder R, Badzoka J, Kappacher C, Huck CW, Zelger B, Pallua JD. Suitability of Fourier transform infrared microscopy for the diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis in human tissue sections. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300513. [PMID: 38531615 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a global health concern caused by cestodes, posing diagnostic challenges due to nonspecific symptoms and inconclusive radiographic results. Diagnosis relies on histopathological evaluation of affected tissue, demanding comprehensive tools. In this retrospective case study, Fourier transform infrared microscopy was explored for detecting and identifying CE through biochemical changes in human tissue sections. Tissue samples from 11 confirmed CE patients were analyzed. Archived FFPE blocks were cut and stained, and then CE-positive unstained sections were examined using Fourier transform infrared microscopy post-deparaffinization. Results revealed the method's ability to distinguish echinococcus elements from human tissue, irrespective of organ type. This research showcases the potential of mid-infrared microscopy as a valuable diagnostic tool for CE, offering promise in enhancing diagnostic precision in the face of the disease's complexities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Brunner
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S H Unterberger
- Department of Material-Technology, Leopold-Franzens University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - H Auer
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Clinical Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - T Hautz
- OrganLifeTM, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S Schneeberger
- OrganLifeTM, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R Stalder
- Institute of Mineralogy and Petrography, Leopold-Franzens University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Badzoka
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - C Kappacher
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - C W Huck
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - B Zelger
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J D Pallua
- Department of Hospital for Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Ratziu V, Hompesch M, Petitjean M, Serdjebi C, Iyer JS, Parwani AV, Tai D, Bugianesi E, Cusi K, Friedman SL, Lawitz E, Romero-Gómez M, Schuppan D, Loomba R, Paradis V, Behling C, Sanyal AJ. Artificial intelligence-assisted digital pathology for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: current status and future directions. J Hepatol 2024; 80:335-351. [PMID: 37879461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is increasing, causing a significant medical burden, but no approved therapeutics are currently available. NASH drug development requires histological analysis of liver biopsies by expert pathologists for trial enrolment and efficacy assessment, which can be hindered by multiple issues including sample heterogeneity, inter-reader and intra-reader variability, and ordinal scoring systems. Consequently, there is a high unmet need for accurate, reproducible, quantitative, and automated methods to assist pathologists with histological analysis to improve the precision around treatment and efficacy assessment. Digital pathology (DP) workflows in combination with artificial intelligence (AI) have been established in other areas of medicine and are being actively investigated in NASH to assist pathologists in the evaluation and scoring of NASH histology. DP/AI models can be used to automatically detect, localise, quantify, and score histological parameters and have the potential to reduce the impact of scoring variability in NASH clinical trials. This narrative review provides an overview of DP/AI tools in development for NASH, highlights key regulatory considerations, and discusses how these advances may impact the future of NASH clinical management and drug development. This should be a high priority in the NASH field, particularly to improve the development of safe and effective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Ratziu
- Sorbonne Université, ICAN Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM UMRS 1138 CRC, Paris, France.
| | | | | | | | | | - Anil V Parwani
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Kenneth Cusi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Scott L Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Lawitz
- Texas Liver Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Manuel Romero-Gómez
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CiberEHD, Insituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (HUVR/CSIC/US), Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Department of Medicine, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rohit Loomba
- NAFLD Research Center, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Valérie Paradis
- Université Paris Cité, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Beaujon, Paris, France
| | | | - Arun J Sanyal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Sanyal AJ, Jha P, Kleiner DE. Digital pathology for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis assessment. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:57-69. [PMID: 37789057 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00843-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Histological assessment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has anchored knowledge development about the phenotypes of the condition, their natural history and their clinical course. This fact has led to the use of histological assessment as a reference standard for the evaluation of efficacy of drug interventions for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) - the more histologically active form of NAFLD. However, certain limitations of conventional histological assessment systems pose challenges in drug development. These limitations have spurred intense scientific and commercial development of machine learning and digital approaches towards the assessment of liver histology in patients with NAFLD. This research field remains an area in rapid evolution. In this Perspective article, we summarize the current conventional assessment of NASH and its limitations, the use of specific digital approaches for histological assessment, and their application to the study of NASH and its response to therapy. Although this is not a comprehensive review, the leading tools currently used to assess therapeutic efficacy in drug development are specifically discussed. The potential translation of these approaches to support routine clinical assessment of NAFLD and an agenda for future research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun J Sanyal
- Stravitz-Sanyal Institute for Liver Disease and Metabolic Health, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Prakash Jha
- Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - David E Kleiner
- Post-Mortem Section Laboratory of Pathology Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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10
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Matsuzaki S, Hase E, Takanari H, Hayashi Y, Hayashi Y, Oshikata H, Minamikawa T, Kimura S, Ichimura-Shimizu M, Yasui T, Harada M, Tsuneyama K. Quantification of collagen fiber properties in alcoholic liver fibrosis using polarization-resolved second harmonic generation microscopy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22100. [PMID: 38092851 PMCID: PMC10719293 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48887-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is assessed mainly by conventional staining or second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy, which can only provide collagen content in fibrotic area. We propose to use polarization-resolved SHG (PR-SHG) microscopy to quantify liver fibrosis in terms of collagen fiber orientation and crystallization. Liver samples obtained from autopsy cases with fibrosis stage of F0-F4 were evaluated with an SHG microscope, and 12 consecutive PR-SHG images were acquired while changing the polarization azimuth angle of the irradiated laser from 0° to 165° in 15° increments using polarizer. The fiber orientation angle (φ) and degree (ρ) of collagen were estimated from the images. The SHG-positive area increased as the fibrosis stage progressed, which was well consistent with Sirius Red staining. The value of φ was random regardless of fibrosis stage. The mean value of ρ (ρ-mean), which represents collagen fiber crystallinity, varied more as fibrosis progressed to stage F3, and converged to a significantly higher value in F4 than in other stages. Spatial dispersion of ρ (ρ-entropy) also showed increased variation in the stage F3 and decreased variation in the stage F4. It was shown that PR-SHG could provide new information on the properties of collagen fibers in human liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saya Matsuzaki
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Eiji Hase
- Division of Interdisciplinary Research for Medicine and Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takanari
- Division of Interdisciplinary Research for Medicine and Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Legal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Hayashi
- Division of Interdisciplinary Research for Medicine and Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
- Tokushima University Faculty of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yusaku Hayashi
- Division of Interdisciplinary Research for Medicine and Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
- Tokushima University Faculty of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Haruto Oshikata
- Division of Interdisciplinary Research for Medicine and Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
- Tokushima University Faculty of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takeo Minamikawa
- Division of Interdisciplinary Research for Medicine and Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | | | - Mayuko Ichimura-Shimizu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yasui
- Division of Next-Generation Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masafumi Harada
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Division of Interdisciplinary Research for Medicine and Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
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11
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Chebotarev AS, Ledyaeva VS, Patsap OI, Ivanov AA, Fedotov AB, Belousov VV, Shokhina AG, Lanin AA. Multimodal label-free imaging of murine hepatocellular carcinoma with a subcellular resolution. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202300228. [PMID: 37679905 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate label-free imaging of genetically induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a murine model provided by two- and three-photon fluorescence microscopy of endogenous fluorophores excited at the central wavelengths of 790, 980 and 1250 nm and reinforced by second and third harmonic generation microscopy. We show, that autofluorescence imaging presents abundant information about cell arrangement and lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), harmonics generation microscopy provides a versatile tool for fibrogenesis and steatosis study. Multimodal images may be performed by a single ultrafast laser source at 1250 nm falling in tissue transparency window. Various grades of HCC are examined revealing fibrosis, steatosis, liver cell dysplasia, activation of HSCs and hepatocyte necrosis, that shows a great ability of multimodal label-free microscopy to intravital visualization of liver pathology development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem S Chebotarev
- Physics Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Russia
| | | | - Olga I Patsap
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoli A Ivanov
- Physics Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Russia
| | - Andrei B Fedotov
- Physics Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Russia
| | - Vsevolod V Belousov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Arina G Shokhina
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandr A Lanin
- Physics Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Russia
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12
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He Y, Heng Y, Qin Z, Wei X, Wu Z, Qu J. Intravital microscopy of satellite cell dynamics and their interaction with myeloid cells during skeletal muscle regeneration. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi1891. [PMID: 37851799 PMCID: PMC10584350 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi1891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration requires the highly coordinated cooperation of muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) with other cellular components. Upon injury, myeloid cells populate the wound site, concomitant with MuSC activation. However, detailed analysis of MuSC-myeloid cell interaction is hindered by the lack of suitable live animal imaging technology. Here, we developed a dual-laser multimodal nonlinear optical microscope platform to study the dynamics of MuSCs and their interaction with nonmyogenic cells during muscle regeneration. Using three-dimensional time-lapse imaging on live reporter mice and taking advantages of the autofluorescence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), we studied the spatiotemporal interaction between nonmyogenic cells and muscle stem/progenitor cells during MuSC activation and proliferation. We discovered that their cell-cell contact was transient in nature. Moreover, MuSCs could activate with notably reduced infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages, and their proliferation, although dependent on macrophages, did not require constant contact with them. These findings provide a fresh perspective on myeloid cells' role during muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhu He
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Youshan Heng
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Zhongya Qin
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Xiuqing Wei
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Zhenguo Wu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Jianan Qu
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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13
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Zhan H, Chen S, Gao F, Wang G, Chen SD, Xi G, Yuan HY, Li X, Liu WY, Byrne CD, Targher G, Chen MY, Yang YF, Chen J, Fan Z, Sun X, Cai G, Zheng MH, Zhuo S. AutoFibroNet: A deep learning and multi-photon microscopy-derived automated network for liver fibrosis quantification in MAFLD. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2023; 58:573-584. [PMID: 37403450 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis is the strongest histological risk factor for liver-related complications and mortality in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Second harmonic generation/two-photon excitation fluorescence (SHG/TPEF) is a powerful tool for label-free two-dimensional and three-dimensional tissue visualisation that shows promise in liver fibrosis assessment. AIM To investigate combining multi-photon microscopy (MPM) and deep learning techniques to develop and validate a new automated quantitative histological classification tool, named AutoFibroNet (Automated Liver Fibrosis Grading Network), for accurately staging liver fibrosis in MAFLD. METHODS AutoFibroNet was developed in a training cohort that consisted of 203 Chinese adults with biopsy-confirmed MAFLD. Three deep learning models (VGG16, ResNet34, and MobileNet V3) were used to train pre-processed images and test data sets. Multi-layer perceptrons were used to fuse data (deep learning features, clinical features, and manual features) to build a joint model. This model was then validated in two further independent cohorts. RESULTS AutoFibroNet showed good discrimination in the training set. For F0, F1, F2 and F3-4 fibrosis stages, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) of AutoFibroNet were 1.00, 0.99, 0.98 and 0.98. The AUROCs of F0, F1, F2 and F3-4 fibrosis stages for AutoFibroNet in the two validation cohorts were 0.99, 0.83, 0.80 and 0.90 and 1.00, 0.83, 0.80 and 0.94, respectively, showing a good discriminatory ability in different cohorts. CONCLUSION AutoFibroNet is an automated quantitative tool that accurately identifies histological stages of liver fibrosis in Chinese individuals with MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Zhan
- School of Science, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- College of Computer Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Sui-Dan Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Gangqin Xi
- School of Science, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hai-Yang Yuan
- MAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- School of Science, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wen-Yue Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Southampton National Institute for Health and Care Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton and University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Giovanni Targher
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Miao-Yang Chen
- Department of Liver Diseases, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong-Feng Yang
- Department of Liver Diseases, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwen Fan
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xitai Sun
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Guorong Cai
- College of Computer Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ming-Hua Zheng
- MAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Hepatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for the Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
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14
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Rodimova S, Mozherov A, Elagin V, Karabut M, Shchechkin I, Kozlov D, Krylov D, Gavrina A, Bobrov N, Zagainov V, Zagaynova E, Kuznetsova D. Label-Free Imaging Techniques to Evaluate Metabolic Changes Caused by Toxic Liver Injury in PCLS. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119195. [PMID: 37298155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Abuse with hepatotoxic agents is a major cause of acute liver failure. The search for new criteria indicating the acute or chronic pathological processes is still a challenging issue that requires the selection of effective tools and research models. Multiphoton microscopy with second harmonic generation (SHG) and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) are modern label-free methods of optical biomedical imaging for assessing the metabolic state of hepatocytes, therefore reflecting the functional state of the liver tissue. The aim of this work was to identify characteristic changes in the metabolic state of hepatocytes in precision-cut liver slices (PCLSs) under toxic damage by some of the most common toxins: ethanol, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and acetaminophen (APAP), commonly known as paracetamol. We have determined characteristic optical criteria for toxic liver damage, and these turn out to be specific for each toxic agent, reflecting the underlying pathological mechanisms of toxicity. The results obtained are consistent with standard methods of molecular and morphological analysis. Thus, our approach, based on optical biomedical imaging, is effective for intravital monitoring of the state of liver tissue in the case of toxic damage or even in cases of acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Rodimova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Artem Mozherov
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Research of the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Vadim Elagin
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Maria Karabut
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Ilya Shchechkin
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Research of the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Dmitry Kozlov
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Research of the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Dmitry Krylov
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Research of the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alena Gavrina
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Research of the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Nikolai Bobrov
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- The Volga District Medical Centre of Federal Medical and Biological Agency, 14 Ilinskaya St., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Vladimir Zagainov
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Oncologic Dispensary, Delovaya St., 11/1, 603126 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Elena Zagaynova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Daria Kuznetsova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Research of the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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15
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Frtús A, Smolková B, Uzhytchak M, Lunova M, Jirsa M, Petrenko Y, Dejneka A, Lunov O. Mechanical Regulation of Mitochondrial Dynamics and Function in a 3D-Engineered Liver Tumor Microenvironment. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:2408-2425. [PMID: 37001010 PMCID: PMC10170482 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
It has become evident that physical stimuli of the cellular microenvironment transmit mechanical cues regulating key cellular functions, such as proliferation, migration, and malignant transformation. Accumulating evidence suggests that tumor cells face variable mechanical stimuli that may induce metabolic rewiring of tumor cells. However, the knowledge of how tumor cells adapt metabolism to external mechanical cues is still limited. We therefore designed soft 3D collagen scaffolds mimicking a pathological mechanical environment to decipher how liver tumor cells would adapt their metabolic activity to physical stimuli of the cellular microenvironment. Here, we report that the soft 3D microenvironment upregulates the glycolysis of HepG2 and Alexander cells. Both cell lines adapt their mitochondrial activity and function under growth in the soft 3D microenvironment. Cells grown in the soft 3D microenvironment exhibit marked mitochondrial depolarization, downregulation of mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I, and slow proliferation rate in comparison with stiff monolayer cultures. Our data reveal the coupling of liver tumor glycolysis to mechanical cues. It is proposed here that soft 3D collagen scaffolds can serve as a useful model for future studies of mechanically regulated cellular functions of various liver (potentially other tissues as well) tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Frtús
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 18221, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Smolková
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 18221, Czech Republic
| | - Mariia Uzhytchak
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 18221, Czech Republic
| | - Mariia Lunova
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 18221, Czech Republic
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Prague 14021, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Jirsa
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Prague 14021, Czech Republic
| | - Yuriy Petrenko
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandr Dejneka
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 18221, Czech Republic
| | - Oleg Lunov
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 18221, Czech Republic
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16
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Galli R, Siciliano T, Aust D, Korn S, Kirsche K, Baretton GB, Weitz J, Koch E, Riediger C. Label-free multiphoton microscopy enables histopathological assessment of colorectal liver metastases and supports automated classification of neoplastic tissue. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4274. [PMID: 36922643 PMCID: PMC10017791 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31401-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As the state of resection margins is an important prognostic factor after extirpation of colorectal liver metastases, surgeons aim to obtain negative margins, sometimes elaborated by resections of the positive resection plane after intraoperative frozen sections. However, this is time consuming and results sometimes remain unclear during surgery. Label-free multimodal multiphoton microscopy (MPM) is an optical technique that retrieves morpho-chemical information avoiding all staining and that can potentially be performed in real-time. Here, we investigated colorectal liver metastases and hepatic tissue using a combination of three endogenous nonlinear signals, namely: coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) to visualize lipids, two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) to visualize cellular patterns, and second harmonic generation (SHG) to visualize collagen fibers. We acquired and analyzed over forty thousand MPM images of metastatic and normal liver tissue of 106 patients. The morphological information with biochemical specificity produced by MPM allowed discriminating normal liver from metastatic tissue and discerning the tumor borders on cryosections as well as formalin-fixed bulk tissue. Furthermore, automated tissue type classification with a correct rate close to 95% was possible using a simple approach based on discriminant analysis of texture parameters. Therefore, MPM has the potential to increase the precision of resection margins in hepatic surgery of metastases without prolonging surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Galli
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Tiziana Siciliano
- Center for Regenerative Therapies (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 105, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniela Aust
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Partner Site Dresden: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Korn
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katrin Kirsche
- Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gustavo B Baretton
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Partner Site Dresden: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Weitz
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Partner Site Dresden: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Edmund Koch
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carina Riediger
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Partner Site Dresden: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
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17
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Leow WQ, Chan AWH, Mendoza PGL, Lo R, Yap K, Kim H. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: the pathologist's perspective. Clin Mol Hepatol 2023; 29:S302-S318. [PMID: 36384146 PMCID: PMC10029955 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2022.0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of diseases characterized by fatty accumulation in hepatocytes, ranging from steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, to cirrhosis. While histopathological evaluation of liver biopsies plays a central role in the diagnosis of NAFLD, limitations such as the problem of interobserver variability still exist and active research is underway to improve the diagnostic utility of liver biopsies. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of the histopathological features of NAFLD, the current grading and staging systems, and discuss the present and future roles of liver biopsies in the diagnosis and prognostication of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Qiang Leow
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anthony Wing-Hung Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Regina Lo
- Department of Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Liver Research (HKU), The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kihan Yap
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haeryoung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Shi YW, Fan JG. Surveillance of the progression and assessment of treatment endpoints for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Clin Mol Hepatol 2023; 29:S228-S243. [PMID: 36521452 PMCID: PMC10029951 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2022.0401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an aggressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) characterized by steatosis-associated inflammation and liver injury. Without effective treatment or management, NASH can have life-threatening outcomes. Evaluation and identification of NASH patients at risk for adverse outcomes are therefore important. Key issues in screening NASH patients are the assessment of advanced fibrosis, differentiation of NASH from simple steatosis, and monitoring of dynamic changes during follow-up and treatment. Currently, NASH staging and evaluation of the effectiveness for drugs still rely on pathological diagnosis, despite sample error issues and the subjectivity associated with liver biopsy. Optimizing the pathological assessment of liver biopsy samples and developing noninvasive surrogate methods for accessible, accurate, and safe evaluation are therefore critical. Although noninvasive methods including elastography, serum soluble biomarkers, and combined models have been implemented in the last decade, noninvasive diagnostic measurements are not widely applied in clinical practice. More work remains to be done in establishing cost-effective strategies both for screening for at-risk NASH patients and identifying changes in disease severity. In this review, we summarize the current state of noninvasive methods for detecting steatosis, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis in patients with NASH, and discuss noninvasive assessments for screening at-risk patients with a focus on the characteristics that should be monitored at follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Shi
- Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Gao Fan
- Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
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19
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Naoumov NV, Brees D, Loeffler J, Chng E, Ren Y, Lopez P, Tai D, Lamle S, Sanyal AJ. Digital pathology with artificial intelligence analyses provides greater insights into treatment-induced fibrosis regression in NASH. J Hepatol 2022; 77:1399-1409. [PMID: 35779659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Liver fibrosis is a key prognostic determinant for clinical outcomes in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Current scoring systems have limitations, especially in assessing fibrosis regression. Second harmonic generation/two-photon excitation fluorescence (SHG/TPEF) microscopy with artificial intelligence analyses provides standardized evaluation of NASH features, especially liver fibrosis and collagen fiber quantitation on a continuous scale. This approach was applied to gain in-depth understanding of fibrosis dynamics after treatment with tropifexor (TXR), a non-bile acid farnesoid X receptor agonist in patients participating in the FLIGHT-FXR study (NCT02855164). METHOD Unstained sections from 198 liver biopsies (paired: baseline and end-of-treatment) from 99 patients with NASH (fibrosis stage F2 or F3) who received placebo (n = 34), TXR 140 μg (n = 37), or TXR 200 μg (n = 28) for 48 weeks were examined. Liver fibrosis (qFibrosis®), hepatic fat (qSteatosis®), and ballooned hepatocytes (qBallooning®) were quantitated using SHG/TPEF microscopy. Changes in septa morphology, collagen fiber parameters, and zonal distribution within liver lobules were also quantitatively assessed. RESULTS Digital analyses revealed treatment-associated reductions in overall liver fibrosis (qFibrosis®), unlike conventional microscopy, as well as marked regression in perisinusoidal fibrosis in patients who had either F2 or F3 fibrosis at baseline. Concomitant zonal quantitation of fibrosis and steatosis revealed that patients with greater qSteatosis reduction also have the greatest reduction in perisinusoidal fibrosis. Regressive changes in septa morphology and reduction in septa parameters were observed almost exclusively in F3 patients, who were adjudged as 'unchanged' with conventional scoring. CONCLUSION Fibrosis regression following hepatic fat reduction occurs initially in the perisinusoidal regions, around areas of steatosis reduction. Digital pathology provides new insights into treatment-induced fibrosis regression in NASH, which are not captured by current staging systems. LAY SUMMARY The degree of liver fibrosis (tissue scarring) in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the main predictor of negative clinical outcomes. Accurate assessment of the quantity and architecture of liver fibrosis is fundamental for patient enrolment in NASH clinical trials and for determining treatment efficacy. Using digital microscopy with artificial intelligence analyses, the present study demonstrates that this novel approach has greater sensitivity in demonstrating treatment-induced reversal of fibrosis in the liver than current systems. Furthermore, additional details are obtained regarding the pathogenesis of NASH disease and the effects of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Arun J Sanyal
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, United States
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20
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Potapov AL, Sirotkina MA, Matveev LA, Dudenkova VV, Elagin VV, Kuznetsov SS, Karabut MM, Komarova AD, Vagapova NN, Safonov IK, Kuznetsova IA, Radenska-Lopovok SG, Zagaynova EV, Gladkova ND. Multiphoton microscopy assessment of the structure and variability changes of dermal connective tissue in vulvar lichen sclerosus: A pilot study. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202200036. [PMID: 35652856 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we offer a novel classification of progressive changes in the connective tissue of dermis in vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) relying on quantitative assessment of the second harmonic generation (SHG) signal received from formalin fixed and deparaffinized tissue sections. We formulate criteria for distinguishing four degrees of VLS development: Initial-Mild-Moderate-Severe. Five quantitative characteristics (length and thickness type I Collagen fibers, Mean SHG signal intensity, Skewness and Coherence SHG signal) are used to describe the sequential degradation of connective tissue (changes in the structure, orientation, shape and density of collagen fibers) up to the formation of specific homogeneous masses. Each of the degrees has a characteristic set of quantitatively expressed features. We focus on the identification and description of early, initial changes of the dermis as the least specific. The results obtained by us and the proposed classification of the degrees of the disease can be used to objectify the dynamics of tissue changes during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lev A Matveev
- Institute of Applied Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | | | - Vadim V Elagin
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Sergey S Kuznetsov
- N.A. Semashko Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Hospital, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Maria M Karabut
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Anastasia D Komarova
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Nailya N Vagapova
- N.A. Semashko Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Hospital, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Ivan K Safonov
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Irina A Kuznetsova
- N.A. Semashko Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Hospital, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | | | - Elena V Zagaynova
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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21
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Zhang B, Yao T, Chen Y, Wang C, Bao Y, Wang Z, Zhao K, Ji M. Label-Free Delineation of Human Uveal Melanoma Infiltration With Pump–Probe Microscopy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:891282. [PMID: 35936703 PMCID: PMC9354715 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.891282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most frequent primary intraocular malignancy in adults, characterized by melanin depositions in melanocytes located in the uveal tract in the eyes. Differentiation of melanin species (eumelanin and pheomelanin) is crucial in the diagnosis and management of UM, yet it remains inaccessible for conventional histology. Here, we report that femtosecond time-resolved pump-probe microscopy could provide label-free and chemical-specific detection of melanin species in human UM based on their distinct transient relaxation dynamics at the subpicosecond timescale. The method is capable of delineating the interface between melanoma and paracancerous regions on various tissue conditions, including frozen sections, paraffin sections, and fresh tissues. Moreover, transcriptome sequencing was conducted to confirm the active eumelanin synthesis in UM. Our results may hold potential for sensitive detection of tumor boundaries and biomedical research on melanin metabolism in UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Academy for Engineering and Technology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tengteng Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaxin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Academy for Engineering and Technology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuqiao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongyang Bao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Minbiao Ji, ; Keke Zhao, ; Zhaoyang Wang,
| | - Keke Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Minbiao Ji, ; Keke Zhao, ; Zhaoyang Wang,
| | - Minbiao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Academy for Engineering and Technology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Minbiao Ji, ; Keke Zhao, ; Zhaoyang Wang,
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22
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Montefusco D, Jamil M, Maczis MA, Schroeder W, Levi M, Ranjit S, Allegood J, Bandyopadhyay D, Retnam R, Spiegel S, Cowart LA. Sphingosine Kinase 1 Mediates Sexual Dimorphism in Fibrosis in a Mouse Model of NASH. Mol Metab 2022; 62:101523. [PMID: 35671973 PMCID: PMC9194589 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Men with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are more likely to progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and liver fibrosis than women. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this dimorphism is unclear. We have previously shown that mice with global deletion of SphK1, the enzyme that produces the bioactive sphingolipid metabolite sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), were protected from development of NASH. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of hepatocyte-specific SphK1 in development of NASH and to compare its contribution to hepatosteatosis in male and female mice. RESULTS We generated hepatocyte-specific SphK1 knockout mice (SphK1-hKO). Unlike the global knockout, SphK1-hKO male mice were not protected from diet-induced steatosis, inflammation, or fibrogenesis. In contrast, female SphK1-hKO mice were protected from inflammation. Surprisingly, however, in these female mice, there was a ∼10-fold increase in the fibrosis markers Col1α1 and 2-3 fold induction of alpha smooth muscle actin and the pro-fibrotic chemokine CCL5. Because increased fibrosis in female SphK1-hKO mice occurred despite an attenuated inflammatory response, we investigated the crosstalk between hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells, central players in fibrosis. We found that estrogen stimulated release of S1P from female hepatocytes preventing TGFβ-induced expression of Col1α1 in HSCs via S1PR3. CONCLUSIONS The results revealed a novel pathway of estrogen-mediated cross-talk between hepatocytes and HSCs that may contribute to sex differences in NAFLD through an anti-fibrogenic function of the S1P/S1PR3 axis. This pathway is susceptible to pharmacologic manipulation, which may lead to novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Montefusco
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VA, USA.
| | - Maryam Jamil
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VA, USA
| | - Melissa A Maczis
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VA, USA
| | - William Schroeder
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VA, USA
| | - Moshe Levi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, USA
| | - Suman Ranjit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, USA
| | - Jeremy Allegood
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VA, USA
| | | | - Reuben Retnam
- Virginia Commonwealth University Department of Biostatistics, VA, USA
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VA, USA
| | - L Ashley Cowart
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VA, USA; Hunter Holmes McGuire VAMC, Richmond, VA, USA
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23
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Empagliflozin Treatment Attenuates Hepatic Steatosis by Promoting White Adipose Expansion in Obese TallyHo Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105675. [PMID: 35628485 PMCID: PMC9147974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose co-transporters (SGLTs) serve to reabsorb glucose in the kidney. Recently, these transporters, mainly SGLT2, have emerged as new therapeutic targets for patients with diabetes and kidney disease; by inhibiting glucose reabsorption, they promote glycosuria, weight loss, and improve glucose tolerance. They have also been linked to cardiac protection and mitigation of liver injury. However, to date, the mechanism(s) by which SGLT2 inhibition promotes systemic improvements is not fully appreciated. Using an obese TallyHo mouse model which recapitulates the human condition of diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), we sought to determine how modulation of renal glucose handling impacts liver structure and function. Apart from an attenuation of hyperglycemia, Empagliflozin was found to decrease circulating triglycerides and lipid accumulation in the liver in male TallyHo mice. This correlated with lowered hepatic cholesterol esters. Using in vivo MRI analysis, we further determined that the reduction in hepatic steatosis in male TallyHo mice was associated with an increase in nuchal white fat indicative of "healthy adipose expansion". Notably, this whitening of the adipose came at the expense of brown adipose tissue. Collectively, these data indicate that the modulation of renal glucose handling has systemic effects and may be useful as a treatment option for NAFLD and steatohepatitis.
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24
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Tong XF, Wang QY, Zhao XY, Sun YM, Wu XN, Yang LL, Lu ZZ, Ou XJ, Jia JD, You H. Histological assessment based on liver biopsy: the value and challenges in NASH drug development. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1200-1209. [PMID: 35165400 PMCID: PMC9061806 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00874-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is increasingly recognized as a serious disease that can lead to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and death. However, there is no effective drug to thwart the progression of the disease. Development of new drugs for NASH is an urgent clinical need. Liver biopsy plays a key role in the development of new NASH drugs. Histological findings based on liver biopsy are currently used as the main inclusion criteria and the primary therapeutic endpoint in NASH clinical trials. However, there are inherent challenges in the use of liver biopsy in clinical trials, such as evaluation reliability, sampling error, and invasive nature of the procedure. In this article, we review the advantages and value of liver histopathology based on liver biopsy in clinical trials of new NASH drugs. We also discuss the challenges and limitations of liver biopsy and identify future drug development directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Tong
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qian-Yi Wang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xin-Yan Zhao
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ya-Meng Sun
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Wu
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Li-Ling Yang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zheng-Zhao Lu
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Ou
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ji-Dong Jia
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hong You
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China.
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25
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Assessment of Ultra-Early-Stage Liver Fibrosis in Human Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Second-Harmonic Generation Microscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063357. [PMID: 35328778 PMCID: PMC8949080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with the chronic progression of fibrosis. In general, the progression of liver fibrosis is determined by a histopathological assessment with a collagen-stained section; however, the ultra-early stage of liver fibrosis is challenging to identify because of the low sensitivity in the collagen-selective staining method. In the present study, we demonstrate the feasibility of second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy in the histopathological diagnosis of the liver of NAFLD patients for the quantitative assessment of the ultra-early stage of fibrosis. We investigated four representative NAFLD patients with early stages of fibrosis. SHG microscopy visualised well-matured fibrotic structures and early fibrosis diffusely involving liver tissues, whereas early fibrosis is challenging to be identified by conventional histopathological methods. Furthermore, the SHG emission directionality analysis revealed the maturation of each collagen fibre of each patient. As a result, SHG microscopy is feasible for assessing liver fibrosis on NAFLD patients, including the ultra-early stage of liver fibrosis that is difficult to diagnose by the conventional histopathological method. The assessment method of the ultra-early fibrosis by using SHG microscopy may serve as a crucial means for pathological, clinical, and prognostic diagnosis of NAFLD patients.
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26
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Orvain C, Cauvet A, Prudent A, Guignabert C, Thuillet R, Ottaviani M, Tu L, Duhalde F, Nicco C, Batteux F, Avouac J, Wang N, Seaberg MA, Dillon SR, Allanore Y. Acazicolcept (ALPN-101), a dual ICOS/CD28 antagonist, demonstrates efficacy in systemic sclerosis preclinical mouse models. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:13. [PMID: 34986869 PMCID: PMC8728910 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02709-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Uncontrolled immune response with T cell activation has a key role in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc), a disorder that is characterized by generalized fibrosis affecting particularly the lungs and skin. Costimulatory molecules are key players during immune activation, and recent evidence supports a role of CD28 and ICOS in the development of fibrosis. We herein investigated the efficacy of acazicolcept (ALPN-101), a dual ICOS/CD28 antagonist, in two complementary SSc-related mouse models recapitulating skin fibrosis, interstitial lung disease, and pulmonary hypertension. Methods Expression of circulating soluble ICOS and skin-expressed ICOS was investigated in SSc patients. Thereafter, acazicolcept was evaluated in the hypochlorous acid (HOCL)-induced dermal fibrosis mouse model and in the Fra-2 transgenic (Tg) mouse model. In each model, mice received 400 μg of acazicolcept or a molar-matched dose of an Fc control protein twice a week for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, skin and lung were evaluated. Results ICOS was significantly increased in the sera from SSc patients and in SSc skin biopsies as compared to samples from healthy controls. Similar body weight changes were observed between Fc control and acazicolcept groups in both HOCL and Fra-2 Tg mice suggesting a good tolerance of acazicolcept treatment. In mice challenged with HOCL, acazicolcept induced a significant decrease in dermal thickness, collagen content, myofibroblast number, and inflammatory infiltrates characterized by B cells, T cells, neutrophils, and macrophages. In the Fra-2 Tg mouse model, acazicolcept treatment reduced lung collagen content, fibrillar collagen, histological fibrosis score, and right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP). A reduction in frequency of CD4+ and T effector memory cells and an increase in the percentage of CD4+ T naïve cells in spleen and lung of acazicolcept-treated Fra-2 Tg mice was observed as compared to Fc control-treated Fra-2 Tg mice. Moreover, acazicolcept reduced CD69 and PD-1 expression on CD4+ T cells from the spleen and the lung. Target engagement by acazicolcept was demonstrated by blockade of CD28 and ICOS detection by flow cytometry in treated mice. Conclusions Our results confirm the importance of costimulatory molecules in inflammatory-driven fibrosis. Our data highlight a key role of ICOS and CD28 in SSc. Using complementary models, we demonstrated that dual ICOS/CD28 blockade by acazicolcept decreased dermal and pulmonary fibrosis and alleviated pulmonary hypertension. These results pave the way for subsequent research on ICOS/CD28-targeted therapies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-021-02709-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Orvain
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Anne Cauvet
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Prudent
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Raphaël Thuillet
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Mina Ottaviani
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Ly Tu
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Fanny Duhalde
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Carole Nicco
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Batteux
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Universitaire Paris Centre (HUPC), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Cochin, Service d'immunologie biologique (Professeur Batteux), Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Avouac
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Service de Rhumatologie A, Hôpital 27 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Yannick Allanore
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France. .,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Service de Rhumatologie A, Hôpital 27 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, Cochin, 75014, Paris, France.
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27
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Xu Y, Chen J, Jiang W, Zhao Y, Yang C, Wu Y, Li Q, Zhu C. Multiplexing Nanodrug Ameliorates Liver Fibrosis via ROS Elimination and Inflammation Suppression. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2102848. [PMID: 34758098 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the leading risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma. Both oxidative stress and inflammation promote the progression of liver fibrosis, but existing therapeutic strategies tend to focus solely on one issue. Additionally, targeting of pathological microstructures is often neglected. Herein, an esterase-responsive carbon quantum dot-dexamethasone (CD-Dex) is developed for liver fibrosis therapy to simultaneously target pathological microstructures, scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), and suppress inflammation. Hepatocyte-targeting CD-Dex can efficiently eliminate the intrahepatic ROS, thereby inhibiting the activation of Kupffer cells, preventing further inflammation progression. Moreover, released dexamethasone (Dex) also suppresses inflammatory response by inhibiting the infiltration of inflammatory cells. Antifibrotic experiments demonstrate that CD-Dex significantly alleviates liver injury and collagen deposition, consequently preventing the progression of liver fibrosis. Taken together, these findings suggest that via ROS elimination and inflammation suppression, the newly developed multiplexing nanodrug exhibits great potential in liver fibrosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youcui Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Intelligent Nanomedicine Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, P. R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Yangyang Zhao
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Chen Yang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Intelligent Nanomedicine Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, P. R. China
| | - Qianming Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Intelligent Nanomedicine Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, P. R. China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Intelligent Nanomedicine Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, P. R. China
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28
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Pichon J, Ledevin M, Larcher T, Jamme F, Rouger K, Dubreil L. Label-free 3D characterization of cardiac fibrosis in muscular dystrophy using SHG imaging of cleared tissue. Biol Cell 2021; 114:91-103. [PMID: 34964145 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a neuromuscular disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding dystrophin. It leads to repeated cycles of muscle fiber necrosis and regeneration and progressive replacement of fibers by fibrotic and adipose tissue, with consequent muscle weakness and premature death. Fibrosis and, in particular, collagen accumulation are important pathological features of dystrophic muscle. A better understanding of the development of fibrosis is crucial to enable better management of DMD. Three-dimensional (3D) characterization of collagen organization by second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy has already proven a highly informative means of studying the fibrotic network in tissue. RESULTS Here, we combine for the first-time tissue clearing with SHG microscopy to characterize in depth the 3D cardiac fibrosis network from DMDmdx rat model. Heart sections (1-mm-thick) from 1-year-old wild-type (WT) and DMDmdx rats were cleared using the CUBIC protocol. SHG microscopy revealed significantly greater collagen deposition in DMDmdx versus WT sections. Analyses revealed a specific pattern of SHG+ segmented objects in DMDmdx cardiac muscle, characterized by a less elongated shape and increased density. Compared with the observed alignment of SHG+ collagen fibers in WT rats, profound fiber disorganization was observed in DMDmdx rats, in which we observed two distinct SHG+ collagen fiber profiles, which may reflect two distinct stages of the fibrotic process in DMD. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE The current work highlights the interest to combine multiphoton SHG microscopy and tissue clearing for 3D fibrosis network characterization in label free organ. It could be a relevant tool to characterize the fibrotic tissue remodeling in relation to the disease progression and/or to evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic strategies in preclinical studies in DMD model or others fibrosis-related cardiomyopathies diseases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Frédéric Jamme
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette, F-91192, France
| | - Karl Rouger
- INRAE, Oniris, PAnTher, Nantes, F-44307, France
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29
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Honda M, Kadohisa M, Yoshii D, Komohara Y, Hibi T. Directly recruited GATA6 + peritoneal cavity macrophages contribute to the repair of intestinal serosal injury. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7294. [PMID: 34911964 PMCID: PMC8674319 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27614-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recruitment of bone marrow derived monocytes via bloodstream and their subsequent conversion to CX3CR1+ macrophages in response to intestinal injury is dependent on CCR2, Nr4a1, and the microbiome. This process is critical for proper tissue repair; however, GATA6+ peritoneal cavity macrophages might represent an alternative, more readily available source of mature and functional myeloid cells at the damaged intestinal locations. Here we show, using spinning-disk confocal microscopy, that large F4/80hiGATA6+ peritoneal cavity macrophages promptly accumulate at damaged intestinal sites upon intestinal thermal injury and upon dextran sodium sulfate induced colitis in mice via a direct route from the peritoneal cavity. In contrast to bloodstream derived monocytes/macrophages, cavity macrophages do not depend on CCR2, Nr4a1 or the microbiome for recruitment, but rather on the ATP-release and exposed hyaluronan at the site of injury. They participate in the removal of necrotic cells, revascularization and collagen deposition and thus resolution of tissue damage. In summary, peritoneal cavity macrophages represent a rapid alternative route of intestinal tissue repair to traditional monocyte-derived macrophages. Upon intestinal injury, bone marrow derived monocytes are recruited to the damaged site through the bloodstream. Authors here show that peritoneal cavity macrophages directly migrate to the damaged intestine in an ATP and hyaluronan dependent manner, and participate in the restoration of tissue integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Honda
- Department of Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Masashi Kadohisa
- Department of Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Daiki Yoshii
- Department of Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,Department of Cell Pathology, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Taizo Hibi
- Department of Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
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30
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Zhang L, Zou X, Huang J, Fan J, Sun X, Zhang B, Zheng B, Guo C, Fu D, Yao L, Ji M. Label-Free Histology and Evaluation of Human Pancreatic Cancer with Coherent Nonlinear Optical Microscopy. Anal Chem 2021; 93:15550-15558. [PMID: 34751027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Surgeries achieving maximal tumor resection remain the major effective treatment of pancreatic cancer. Rapid and precise intraoperative diagnosis of pancreatic tissues is critical for optimum surgical outcomes but is challenging for the current staining-based histological methods. We demonstrated that label-free coherent nonlinear optical microscopy with combined stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and second harmonic generation (SHG) could reveal key diagnostic features of both normal and cancerous human pancreatic tissues. Adjacent pairs of tissue sections from resection margins of 37 patients were imaged by SRS and hematoxylin and eosin staining for direct comparison, demonstrating high diagnostic concordance (Cohen's kappa, κ > 0.97) between them. Fresh unprocessed tissues showed well-preserved histoarchitectures including pancreatic ducts, islets, acini, and nerves. Moreover, the area ratios of collagen fibers were analyzed and found to correlate with the drainage pancreatic amylase level (odds ratio = 28.0, p = 0.0017). Our results indicated that SRS/SHG histology provides potential for rapid intraoperative diagnosis of pancreatic cancer as well as a predictive value of postoperative pancreatic fistula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Human Phenome Institute, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiang Zou
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Human Phenome Institute, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiangjie Sun
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bohan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Human Phenome Institute, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chongyuan Guo
- Shanghai Starriver Bilingual School, Shanghai 201108, China
| | - Deliang Fu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Lie Yao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Minbiao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Human Phenome Institute, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Chengbei Road, Yiwu City, Zhejiang 322000, China
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31
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A human multi-lineage hepatic organoid model for liver fibrosis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6138. [PMID: 34686668 PMCID: PMC8536785 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26410-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the pathogenesis of a congenital form of hepatic fibrosis, human hepatic organoids were engineered to express the most common causative mutation for Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease (ARPKD). Here we show that these hepatic organoids develop the key features of ARPKD liver pathology (abnormal bile ducts and fibrosis) in only 21 days. The ARPKD mutation increases collagen abundance and thick collagen fiber production in hepatic organoids, which mirrors ARPKD liver tissue pathology. Transcriptomic and other analyses indicate that the ARPKD mutation generates cholangiocytes with increased TGFβ pathway activation, which are actively involved stimulating myofibroblasts to form collagen fibers. There is also an expansion of collagen-producing myofibroblasts with markedly increased PDGFRB protein expression and an activated STAT3 signaling pathway. Moreover, the transcriptome of ARPKD organoid myofibroblasts resemble those present in commonly occurring forms of liver fibrosis. PDGFRB pathway involvement was confirmed by the anti-fibrotic effect observed when ARPKD organoids were treated with PDGFRB inhibitors. Besides providing insight into the pathogenesis of congenital (and possibly acquired) forms of liver fibrosis, ARPKD organoids could also be used to test the anti-fibrotic efficacy of potential anti-fibrotic therapies.
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32
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Newberry EP, Hall Z, Xie Y, Molitor EA, Bayguinov PO, Strout GW, Fitzpatrick JA, Brunt EM, Griffin JL, Davidson NO. Liver-Specific Deletion of Mouse Tm6sf2 Promotes Steatosis, Fibrosis, and Hepatocellular Cancer. Hepatology 2021; 74:1203-1219. [PMID: 33638902 PMCID: PMC8390580 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Human transmembrane 6 superfamily 2 (TM6SF2) variant rs58542926 is associated with NAFLD and HCC. However, conflicting reports in germline Tm6sf2 knockout mice suggest no change or decreased very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion and either unchanged or increased hepatic steatosis, with no increased fibrosis. We generated liver-specific Tm6Sf2 knockout mice (Tm6 LKO) to study VLDL secretion and the impact on development and progression of NAFLD. APPROACH AND RESULTS Two independent lines of Tm6 LKO mice exhibited spontaneous hepatic steatosis. Targeted lipidomic analyses showed increased triglyceride species whose distribution and abundance phenocopied findings in mice with liver-specific deletion of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. The VLDL triglyceride secretion was reduced with small, underlipidated particles and unchanged or increased apolipoprotein B. Liver-specific adeno-associated viral, serotype 8 (AAV8) rescue using either wild-type or mutant E167K-Tm6 reduced hepatic steatosis and improved VLDL secretion. The Tm6 LKO mice fed a high milk-fat diet for 3 weeks exhibited increased steatosis and fibrosis, and those phenotypes were further exacerbated when mice were fed fibrogenic, high fat/fructose diets for 20 weeks. In two models of HCC, either neonatal mice injected with streptozotocin (NASH/STAM) and high-fat fed or with diethylnitrosamine injection plus fibrogenic diet feeding, Tm6 LKO mice exhibited increased steatosis, greater tumor burden, and increased tumor area versus Tm6 flox controls. Additionally, diethylnitrosamine-injected and fibrogenic diet-fed Tm6 LKO mice administered wild-type Tm6 or E167K-mutant Tm6 AAV8 revealed significant tumor attenuation, with tumor burden inversely correlated with Tm6 protein levels. CONCLUSIONS Liver-specific Tm6sf2 deletion impairs VLDL secretion, promoting hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and accelerated development of HCC, which was mitigated with AAV8- mediated rescue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth P. Newberry
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Zoe Hall
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yan Xie
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Elizabeth A. Molitor
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Peter O. Bayguinov
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Gregory W. Strout
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - James A.J. Fitzpatrick
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130;,Departments of Cell Biology & Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130;,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Elizabeth M. Brunt
- Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Julian L. Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas O. Davidson
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110;,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Nicholas O. Davidson, MD, DSc, Gastroenterology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110.
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33
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Astbury S, Grove JI, Dorward DA, Guha IN, Fallowfield JA, Kendall TJ. Reliable computational quantification of liver fibrosis is compromised by inherent staining variation. J Pathol Clin Res 2021; 7:471-481. [PMID: 34076968 PMCID: PMC8363922 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Biopsy remains the gold-standard measure for staging liver disease, both to inform prognosis and to assess the response to a given treatment. Semiquantitative scores such as the Ishak fibrosis score are used for evaluation. These scores are utilised in clinical trials, with the US Food and Drug Administration mandating particular scores as inclusion criteria for participants and using the change in score as evidence of treatment efficacy. There is an urgent need for improved, quantitative assessment of liver biopsies to detect small incremental changes in liver architecture over the course of a clinical trial. Artificial intelligence (AI) methods have been proposed as a way to increase the amount of information extracted from a biopsy and to potentially remove bias introduced by manual scoring. We have trained and evaluated an AI tool for measuring the amount of scarring in sections of picrosirius red-stained liver. The AI methodology was compared with both manual scoring and widely available colour space thresholding. Four sequential sections from each case were stained on two separate occasions by two independent clinical laboratories using routine protocols to study the effect of inter- and intra-laboratory staining variation on these tools. Finally, we compared these methods to second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging, a stain-free quantitative measure of collagen. Although AI methods provided a modest improvement over simpler computer-assisted measures, staining variation both within and between laboratories had a dramatic effect on quantitation, with manual assignment of scar proportion being the most consistent. Manual assessment also most strongly correlated with collagen measured by SHG. In conclusion, results suggest that computational measures of liver scarring from stained sections are compromised by inter- and intra-laboratory staining. Stain-free quantitative measurement using SHG avoids staining-related variation and may prove more accurate in detecting small changes in scarring that may occur in therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Astbury
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research CentreNottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of NottinghamNottinghamUK
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Jane I Grove
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research CentreNottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of NottinghamNottinghamUK
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - David A Dorward
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation ResearchUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Edinburgh PathologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Indra N Guha
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research CentreNottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of NottinghamNottinghamUK
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Jonathan A Fallowfield
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation ResearchUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Timothy J Kendall
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation ResearchUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Edinburgh PathologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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34
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Chevalier NR, Ammouche Y, Gomis A, Langlois L, Guilbert T, Bourdoncle P, Dufour S. A neural crest cell isotropic-to-nematic phase transition in the developing mammalian gut. Commun Biol 2021; 4:770. [PMID: 34162999 PMCID: PMC8222382 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
While the colonization of the embryonic gut by neural crest cells has been the subject of intense scrutiny over the past decades, we are only starting to grasp the morphogenetic transformations of the enteric nervous system happening in the fetal stage. Here, we show that enteric neural crest cell transit during fetal development from an isotropic cell network to a square grid comprised of circumferentially-oriented cell bodies and longitudinally-extending interganglionic fibers. We present ex-vivo dynamic time-lapse imaging of this isotropic-to-nematic phase transition and show that it occurs concomitantly with circular smooth muscle differentiation in all regions of the gastrointestinal tract. Using conditional mutant embryos with enteric neural crest cells depleted of β1-integrins, we show that cell-extracellular matrix anchorage is necessary for ganglia to properly reorient. We demonstrate by whole mount second harmonic generation imaging that fibrous, circularly-spun collagen I fibers are in direct contact with neural crest cells during the orientation transition, providing an ideal orientation template. We conclude that smooth-muscle associated extracellular matrix drives a critical reorientation transition of the enteric nervous system in the mammalian fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas R Chevalier
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université de Paris/CNRS UMR 7057, Paris, France.
| | - Yanis Ammouche
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université de Paris/CNRS UMR 7057, Paris, France
| | - Anthony Gomis
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université de Paris/CNRS UMR 7057, Paris, France
| | - Lucas Langlois
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université de Paris/CNRS UMR 7057, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Guilbert
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris (UMR-S1016), Paris, France
| | - Pierre Bourdoncle
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris (UMR-S1016), Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Dufour
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France
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35
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Jiang W, Li M, Tan J, Feng M, Zheng J, Chen D, Liu Z, Yan B, Wang G, Xu S, Xiao W, Gao Y, Zhuo S, Yan J. A Nomogram Based on a Collagen Feature Support Vector Machine for Predicting the Treatment Response to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Rectal Cancer Patients. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28:6408-6421. [PMID: 34148136 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-10218-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between collagen features (CFs) in the tumor microenvironment and the treatment response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) is still unknown. This study aimed to develop and validate a perdition model based on the CFs and clinicopathological characteristics to predict the treatment response to nCRT among locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients. METHODS In this multicenter, retrospective analysis, 428 patients were included and randomly divided into a training cohort (299 patients) and validation cohort (129 patients) [7:3 ratio]. A total of 11 CFs were extracted from a multiphoton image of pretreatment biopsy, and a support vector machine (SVM) was then used to construct a CFs-SVM classifier. A prediction model was developed and presented with a nomogram using multivariable analysis. Further validation of the nomogram was performed in the validation cohort. RESULTS The CFs-SVM classifier, which integrated collagen area, straightness, and crosslink density, was significantly associated with treatment response. Predictors contained in the nomogram included the CFs-SVM classifier and clinicopathological characteristics by multivariable analysis. The CFs nomogram demonstrated good discrimination, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) of 0.834 in the training cohort and 0.854 in the validation cohort. Decision curve analysis indicated that the CFs nomogram was clinically useful. Moreover, compared with the traditional clinicopathological model, the CFs nomogram showed more powerful discrimination in determining the response to nCRT. CONCLUSIONS The CFs-SVM classifier based on CFs in the tumor microenvironment is associated with treatment response, and the CFs nomogram integrating the CFs-SVM classifier and clinicopathological characteristics is useful for individualized prediction of the treatment response to nCRT among LARC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,School of Science, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyuan Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jixiang Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dexin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangyuanzhu Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Botao Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangxing Wang
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuoyu Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Xiao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhong Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuangmu Zhuo
- School of Science, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Jain D, Torres R, Celli R, Koelmel J, Charkoftaki G, Vasiliou V. Evolution of the liver biopsy and its future. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 6:20. [PMID: 33824924 PMCID: PMC7829074 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2020.04.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver biopsies are commonly used to evaluate a wide variety of medical disorders, including neoplasms and post-transplant complications. However, its use is being impacted by improved clinical diagnosis of disorders, and non-invasive methods for evaluating liver tissue and as a result the indications of a liver biopsy have undergone major changes in the last decade. The evolution of highly effective treatments for some of the common indications for liver biopsy in the last decade (e.g., viral hepatitis B and C) has led to a decline in the number of liver biopsies in recent years. At the same time, the emergence of better technologies for histologic evaluation, tissue content analysis and genomics are among the many new and exciting developments in the field that hold great promise for the future and are going to shape the indications for a liver biopsy in the future. Recent advances in slide scanners now allow creation of "digital/virtual" slides that have image of the entire tissue section present in a slide [whole slide imaging (WSI)]. WSI can now be done very rapidly and at very high resolution, allowing its use in routine clinical practice. In addition, a variety of technologies have been developed in recent years that use different light sources and/or microscopes allowing visualization of tissues in a completely different way. One such technique that is applicable to liver specimens combines multiphoton microscopy (MPM) with advanced clearing and fluorescent stains known as Clearing Histology with MultiPhoton Microscopy (CHiMP). Although it has not yet been extensively validated, the technique has the potential to decrease inefficiency, reduce artifacts, and increase data while being readily integrable into clinical workflows. Another technology that can provide rapid and in-depth characterization of thousands of molecules in a tissue sample, including liver tissues, is matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. MALDI has already been applied in a clinical research setting with promising diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, as well as being able to elucidate mechanisms of liver diseases that may be targeted for the development of new therapies. The logical next step in huge data sets obtained from such advanced analysis of liver tissues is the application of machine learning (ML) algorithms and application of artificial intelligence (AI), for automated generation of diagnoses and prognoses. This review discusses the evolving role of liver biopsies in clinical practice over the decades, and describes newer technologies that are likely to have a significant impact on how they will be used in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanpat Jain
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard Torres
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Romulo Celli
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jeremy Koelmel
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Georgia Charkoftaki
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
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37
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Rastogi A, Patil N, Maiwall R, Bihari C, Soshee A, Sarin SK. Second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy and hepatic venous pressure gradient-based validation of a novel histological staging system for alcoholic hepatitis. Virchows Arch 2021; 479:493-506. [PMID: 33797570 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-021-03089-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) lacks specific histological staging. A novel fibrosis staging that encompasses perisinusoidal fibrosis and cirrhosis sub-stages, substantiated by Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) and automated fibrosis quantification, is imperative. To correlate novel histological staging system of AH with second-harmonic generation microscopy (SHG)-based q-fibrosis, HVPG, and activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Liver biopsies of AH (n = 175) were staged semi-quantitatively as F0, F1, F2, F3A and F3B and Laennec substages of cirrhosis 4A, 4B and 4C. Stages were correlated with SHG q-fibrosis parameters, HVPG and HSCs. Mean age 41.2 ± 9.4 years, 96.6% males, bilirubin 20.58 ± 8.0 mg/dl and Maddrey's discriminant function 78.9 ± 36.7 displayed advanced fibrosis in 98.6%. With increasing histological stages, an increase in q-fibrosis indices and mean HVPG (p < 0.0001) were recorded; stage 4C showed the most significant difference from other stages (p < 0.000). Stages 3A and 3B were comparable with the stages 4A and 4B, respectively, for q-fibrosis (p = 1) and HVPG (p = 1). HSCs (> 30%) were significantly higher in stage 3 (75%) compared with 4 (49%) and 2 (59%), p = 0.018. Overall agreement for histological staging was excellent for all stages (0.82). SHG quantified fibrosis and HVPG corroborates the novel histological staging of AH. Expansive PCF matches with collagen content and clinical severity to early sub-stages of cirrhosis. This highlights the need for an accurate quantification and inclusion of PCF as a separate stage. SHG-based quantification can be a useful adjunct to histological fibrosis staging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Rastogi
- Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, D-1 Vasant Kunj, Delhi, 110070, India.
| | - Nayana Patil
- Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, D-1 Vasant Kunj, Delhi, 110070, India
| | - Rakhi Maiwall
- Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, D-1 Vasant Kunj, Delhi, 110070, India
| | - Chhagan Bihari
- Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, D-1 Vasant Kunj, Delhi, 110070, India
| | - Ananda Soshee
- Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, D-1 Vasant Kunj, Delhi, 110070, India
| | - Shiv K Sarin
- Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, D-1 Vasant Kunj, Delhi, 110070, India
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Sheng G, Yuan H, Jin L, Ranjit S, Panov J, Lu X, Levi M, Glazer RI. Reduction of fibrosis and immune suppressive cells in ErbB2-dependent tumorigenesis by an LXR agonist. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248996. [PMID: 33780491 PMCID: PMC8007044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the central challenges for cancer therapy is the identification of factors in the tumor microenvironment that increase tumor progression and prevent immune surveillance. One such element associated with breast cancer is stromal fibrosis, a histopathologic criterion for invasive cancer and poor survival. Fibrosis is caused by inflammatory factors and remodeling of the extracellular matrix that elicit an immune tolerant microenvironment. To address the role of fibrosis in tumorigenesis, we developed NeuT/ATTAC transgenic mice expressing a constitutively active NeuT/erbB2 transgene, and an inducible, fat-directed caspase-8 fusion protein, which upon activation results in selective and partial ablation of mammary fat and its replacement with fibrotic tissue. Induction of fibrosis in NeuT/ATTAC mice led to more rapid tumor development and an inflammatory and fibrotic stromal environment. In an effort to explore therapeutic options that could reduce fibrosis and immune tolerance, mice were treated with the oxysterol liver X receptor (LXR) pan agonist, N,N-dimethyl-3-β-hydroxy-cholenamide (DMHCA), an agent known to reduce fibrosis in non-malignant diseases. DMHCA reduced tumor progression, tumor multiplicity and fibrosis, and improved immune surveillance by reducing infiltrating myeloid-derived suppressor cells and increasing CD4 and CD8 effector T cells. These effects were associated with downregulation of an LXR-dependent gene network related to reduced breast cancer survival that included Spp1, S100a9, Anxa1, Mfge8 and Cd14. These findings suggest that the use of DMHCA may be a potentially effective approach to reduce desmoplasia and immune tolerance and increase the efficacy of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Sheng
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Breast, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyan Yuan
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Lu Jin
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Suman Ranjit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Julia Panov
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Xun Lu
- George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Moshe Levi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Robert I. Glazer
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Borile G, Sandrin D, Filippi A, Anderson KI, Romanato F. Label-Free Multiphoton Microscopy: Much More Than Fancy Images. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2657. [PMID: 33800802 PMCID: PMC7961783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy has recently passed the milestone of its first 30 years of activity in biomedical research. The growing interest around this approach has led to a variety of applications from basic research to clinical practice. Moreover, this technique offers the advantage of label-free multiphoton imaging to analyze samples without staining processes and the need for a dedicated system. Here, we review the state of the art of label-free techniques; then, we focus on two-photon autofluorescence as well as second and third harmonic generation, describing physical and technical characteristics. We summarize some successful applications to a plethora of biomedical research fields and samples, underlying the versatility of this technique. A paragraph is dedicated to an overview of sample preparation, which is a crucial step in every microscopy experiment. Afterwards, we provide a detailed review analysis of the main quantitative methods to extract important information and parameters from acquired images using second harmonic generation. Lastly, we discuss advantages, limitations, and future perspectives in label-free multiphoton microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Borile
- Laboratory of Optics and Bioimaging, Institute of Pediatric Research Città della Speranza, 35127 Padua, Italy;
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “G. Galilei”, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (D.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Deborah Sandrin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “G. Galilei”, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (D.S.); (A.F.)
- L.I.F.E.L.A.B. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Filippi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “G. Galilei”, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (D.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Kurt I. Anderson
- Crick Advanced Light Microscopy Facility (CALM), The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK;
| | - Filippo Romanato
- Laboratory of Optics and Bioimaging, Institute of Pediatric Research Città della Speranza, 35127 Padua, Italy;
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “G. Galilei”, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (D.S.); (A.F.)
- L.I.F.E.L.A.B. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, 35128 Padua, Italy
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Wang H, Li L, Li Y, Li Y, Sha Y, Wen S, You Q, Liu L, Shi M, Zhou H. Intravital imaging of interactions between iNKT and kupffer cells to clear free lipids during steatohepatitis. Theranostics 2021; 11:2149-2169. [PMID: 33500717 PMCID: PMC7797696 DOI: 10.7150/thno.51369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and Kupffer cells represent major hepatic populations of innate immune cells. However, their roles in steatohepatitis remain poorly understood. To elucidate their functions in steatohepatitis development, real-time, in vivo analysis is necessary to understand the pathophysiological events in the dynamic interactions between them during diet-induced steatohepatitis. Methods: We used a steatohepatitis animal model induced by a methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet. Multi-photon confocal live imaging and conventional experimental techniques were employed to investigate the hepatic pathological microenvironment of iNKT and Kupffer cells, interactions between them, and the biological effects of these interactions in steatohepatitis. Results: We found that iNKT cells were recruited and aggregated into small clusters and interacted dynamically with Kupffer cells in the early stage of steatohepatitis. Most significantly, the iNKT cells in the cluster cleared free lipids released by necrotic hepatocytes and presented a non-classical activation state with high IFN-γ expression. Furthermore, the Kupffer cells in the cell cluster were polarized to type M1. The transcriptome sequencing of iNKT cells showed upregulation of genes related to phagocytosis and lipid processing. Adoptive transfer of iNKT cells to Jα18-/- mice showed that iNKT and Kupffer cell clusters were essential for balancing the liver and peripheral lipid levels and inhibiting liver fibrosis development. Conclusions: Our study identified an essential role for dynamic interactions between iNKT cells and Kupffer cells in promoting lipid phagocytosis and clearance by iNKT cells during early liver steatohepatitis. Therefore, modulating iNKT cells is a potential therapeutic strategy for early steatohepatitis.
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Sahu SP, Liu Q, Prasad A, Hasan SMA, Liu Q, Rodriguez MXB, Mukhopadhyay O, Burk D, Francis J, Mukhopadhyay S, Fu X, Gartia MR. Characterization of fibrillar collagen isoforms in infarcted mouse hearts using second harmonic generation imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:604-618. [PMID: 33520391 PMCID: PMC7818962 DOI: 10.1364/boe.410347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We utilized collagen specific second harmonic generation (SHG) signatures coupled with correlative immunofluorescence imaging techniques to characterize collagen structural isoforms (type I and type III) in a murine model of myocardial infarction (MI). Tissue samples were imaged over a four week period using SHG, transmitted light microscopy and immunofluorescence imaging using fluorescently-labeled collagen antibodies. The post-mortem cardiac tissue imaging using SHG demonstrated a progressive increase in collagen deposition in the left ventricle (LV) post-MI. We were able to monitor structural morphology and LV remodeling parameters in terms of extent of LV dilation, stiffness and fiber dimensions in the infarcted myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushant P Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
| | - Qianglin Liu
- LSU AgCenter, School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Alisha Prasad
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Syed Mohammad Abid Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Qun Liu
- Department of Computer Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | | | | | - David Burk
- Shared Instrumentation Facility and Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Joseph Francis
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Supratik Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Computer Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Xing Fu
- LSU AgCenter, School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Manas Ranjan Gartia
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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42
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Ting Soon GS, Wee A. Liver biopsy in the quantitative assessment of liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2021; 64:S104-S111. [PMID: 34135151 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_947_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NAFLD/NASH) is a major cause of liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and liver-related mortality. Despite emergence of noninvasive tests, liver biopsy remains the mainstay for the diagnosis and assessment of disease severity and chronicity. Accurate detection and quantification of liver fibrosis with architectural localization are essential for assessing the severity of NAFLD and its response to antifibrotic therapy in clinical trials. Conventional histological scoring systems for liver fibrosis are semiquantitative. Collagen proportionate area is morphometric by measuring the percentage of fibrosis on a continuous scale but is limited by the absence of architectural input. Ultra-fast laser microscopy, e.g., second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging, has enabled in-depth analysis of fibrillary collagen based on intrinsic optical signals. Quantification and calculation of different detailed variables of collagen fibers can be used to establish algorithm-based quantitative fibrosis scores (e.g. qFibrosis, q-FPs) in NAFLD. Artificial intelligence is being explored to further develop quantitative fibrosis scoring methods. SHG microscopy should be considered the new gold standard for the quantitative assessment of liver fibrosis, reaffirming the pivotal role of the liver biopsy in NAFLD, at least for the near-future. The ability of SHG-derived algorithms to intuitively detect subtle nuances in liver fibrosis changes over a continuous scale should be employed to redress the efficacy endpoint for fibrosis in NASH clinical trials. The current decrease by 1-point or more in fibrosis stage may not be realistic for the evaluation of therapeutic response to antifibrotic drugs in relatively short-term trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aileen Wee
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore
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43
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Cuvellier M, Ezan F, Oliveira H, Rose S, Fricain JC, Langouët S, Legagneux V, Baffet G. 3D culture of HepaRG cells in GelMa and its application to bioprinting of a multicellular hepatic model. Biomaterials 2020; 269:120611. [PMID: 33385685 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bioprinting is an emergent technology that has already demonstrated the capacity to create complex and/or vascularized multicellular structures with defined and organized architectures, in a reproducible and high throughput way. Here, we present the implementation of a complex liver model by the development of a three-dimensional extrusion bioprinting process, including parameters for matrix polymerization of methacrylated gelatin, using two hepatic cell lines, Huh7 and HepaRG. The printed structures exhibited long-term viability (28 days), proliferative ability, a relevant hepatocyte phenotype and functions equivalent to or better than those of their 2D counterparts using standard DMSO treatment. This work served as a basis for the bioprinting of complex multicellular models associating the hepatic parenchymal cells, HepaRG, with stellate cells (LX-2) and endothelial cells (HUVECs), able of colonizing the surface of the structure and thus recreating a pseudo endothelial barrier. When bioprinted in 3D monocultures, LX-2 expression was modulated by TGFβ-1 toward the induction of myofibroblastic genes such as ACTA2 and COL1A1. In 3D multicellular bioprinted structures comprising HepaRG, LX-2 and endothelial cells, we evidenced fibrillar collagen deposition, which is never observed in monocultures of either HepaRG or LX-2 alone. These observations indicate that a precise control of cellular communication is required to recapitulate key steps of fibrogenesis. Bioprinted 3D co-cultures therefore open up new perspectives in studying the molecular and cellular basis of fibrosis development and provide better access to potential inducers and inhibitors of collagen expression and deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Cuvellier
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé́, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S, 1085, Rennes, France.
| | - Frédéric Ezan
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé́, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S, 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Hugo Oliveira
- Université de Bordeaux, Bioingénierie Tissulaire, 146, Rue Léo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux, France; Inserm U1026, Bioingénierie Tissulaire, 146, Rue Léo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sophie Rose
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé́, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S, 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Fricain
- Université de Bordeaux, Bioingénierie Tissulaire, 146, Rue Léo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux, France; Inserm U1026, Bioingénierie Tissulaire, 146, Rue Léo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux, France; CHU Bordeaux, Services D'Odontologie et de Santé Buccale, F-33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sophie Langouët
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé́, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S, 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Legagneux
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé́, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S, 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Georges Baffet
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé́, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S, 1085, Rennes, France.
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44
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Soon G, Wee A. Updates in the quantitative assessment of liver fibrosis for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Histological perspective. Clin Mol Hepatol 2020; 27:44-57. [PMID: 33207115 PMCID: PMC7820194 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2020.0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NAFLD/NASH) is a major cause of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Accurate assessment of liver fibrosis is important for predicting disease outcomes and assessing therapeutic response in clinical practice and clinical trials. Although noninvasive tests such as transient elastography and magnetic resonance elastography are preferred where possible, histological assessment of liver fibrosis via semiquantitative scoring systems remains the current gold standard. Collagen proportionate area provides more granularity by measuring the percentage of fibrosis on a continuous scale, but is limited by the absence of architectural input. Although not yet used in routine clinical practice, advances in second harmonic generation/two-photon excitation fluorescence (SHG/TPEF) microscopy imaging show great promise in characterising architectural features of fibrosis at the individual collagen fiber level. Quantification and calculation of different detailed variables of collagen fibers can be used to establish algorithm-based quantitative fibrosis scores (e.g., qFibrosis, q-FPs), which have been validated against fibrosis stage in NAFLD. Artificial intelligence is being explored to further refine and develop quantitative fibrosis scoring methods. SHG-microscopy shows promise as the new gold standard for the quantitative measurement of liver fibrosis. This has reaffirmed the pivotal role of the liver biopsy in fibrosis assessment in NAFLD, at least for the near-future. The ability of SHG-derived algorithms to intuitively detect subtle nuances in liver fibrosis changes over a continuous scale should be employed to redress the efficacy endpoint for fibrosis in NASH clinical trials; this approach may improve the outcomes of the trials evaluating therapeutic response to antifibrotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwyneth Soon
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aileen Wee
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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45
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Frescaline N, Duchesne C, Favier M, Onifarasoaniaina R, Guilbert T, Uzan G, Banzet S, Rousseau A, Lataillade JJ. Physical plasma therapy accelerates wound re-epithelialisation and enhances extracellular matrix formation in cutaneous skin grafts. J Pathol 2020; 252:451-464. [PMID: 32918753 DOI: 10.1002/path.5546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Skin grafting is a surgical method of cutaneous reconstruction, which provides volumetric replacement in wounds unable to heal by primary intention. Clinically, full-thickness skin grafts (FTSGs) are placed in aesthetically sensitive and mechanically demanding areas such as the hands, face, and neck. Complete or partial graft failure is the primary complication associated with this surgical procedure. Strategies aimed at improving the rate of skin graft integration will reduce the incidence of graft failure. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is an emerging technology offering innovative clinical applications. The aim of this study was to test the therapeutic potential of CAP to improve wound healing and skin graft integration into the recipient site. In vitro models that mimic wound healing were used to investigate the ability of CAP to enhance cellular migration, a key factor in cutaneous tissue repair. We demonstrated that CAP enhanced the migration of epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. This increased cellular migration was possibly induced by the low dose of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species produced by CAP. Using a mouse model of burn wound reconstructed with a full-thickness skin graft, we showed that wounds treated with CAP healed faster than did control wounds. Immunohistochemical wound analysis showed that CAP treatment enhanced the expression of the dermal-epidermal junction components, which are vital for successful skin graft integration. CAP treatment was characterised by increased levels of Tgfbr1 mRNA and collagen I protein in vivo, suggesting enhanced wound maturity and extracellular matrix deposition. Mechanistically, we show that CAP induced the activation of the canonical SMAD-dependent TGF-β1 pathway in primary human dermal fibroblasts, which may explain the increased collagen I synthesis in vitro. These studies revealed that CAP improved wound repair and skin graft integration via mechanisms involving extracellular matrix formation. CAP offers a novel approach for treating cutaneous wounds and skin grafts. © 2020 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadira Frescaline
- INSERM UMRS-MD 1197, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées, Clamart, France.,Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas, École Polytechnique, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Saclay, CNRS, Palaiseau, France
| | - Constance Duchesne
- INSERM UMRS-MD 1197, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées, Clamart, France.,Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas, École Polytechnique, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Saclay, CNRS, Palaiseau, France
| | - Maryline Favier
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Thomas Guilbert
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Georges Uzan
- INSERM UMRS-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Sébastien Banzet
- INSERM UMRS-MD 1197, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées, Clamart, France
| | - Antoine Rousseau
- Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas, École Polytechnique, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Saclay, CNRS, Palaiseau, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Lataillade
- INSERM UMRS-MD 1197, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées, Clamart, France
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46
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Tokarz D, Cisek R, Joseph A, Asa SL, Wilson BC, Barzda V. Characterization of pathological thyroid tissue using polarization-sensitive second harmonic generation microscopy. J Transl Med 2020; 100:1280-1287. [PMID: 32737408 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-0475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Polarization-sensitive second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy is an established imaging technique able to provide information related to specific molecular structures including collagen. In this investigation, polarization-sensitive SHG microscopy was used to investigate changes in the collagen ultrastructure between histopathology slides of normal and diseased human thyroid tissues including follicular nodular disease, Grave's disease, follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma, classical papillary thyroid carcinoma, insular or poorly differentiated carcinoma, and anaplastic or undifferentiated carcinoma ex vivo. The second-order nonlinear optical susceptibility tensor component ratios, χ(2)zzz'/χ(2)zxx' and χ(2)xyz'/χ(2)zxx', were obtained, where χ(2)zzz'/χ(2)zxx' is a structural parameter and χ(2)xyz'/χ(2)zxx' is a measure of the chirality of the collagen fibers. Furthermore, the degree of linear polarization (DOLP) of the SHG signal was measured. A statistically significant increase in χ(2)zzz'/χ(2)zxx' values for all the diseased tissues except insular carcinoma and a statistically significant decrease in DOLP for all the diseased tissues were observed compared to normal thyroid. This finding indicates a higher ultrastructural disorder in diseased collagen and provides an innovative approach to discriminate between normal and diseased thyroid tissues that is complementary to standard histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Tokarz
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - Richard Cisek
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Ariana Joseph
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Sylvia L Asa
- University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Brian C Wilson
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Virginijus Barzda
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada.
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47
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Bourgot I, Primac I, Louis T, Noël A, Maquoi E. Reciprocal Interplay Between Fibrillar Collagens and Collagen-Binding Integrins: Implications in Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1488. [PMID: 33014790 PMCID: PMC7461916 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers are complex ecosystems composed of malignant cells embedded in an intricate microenvironment made of different non-transformed cell types and extracellular matrix (ECM) components. The tumor microenvironment is governed by constantly evolving cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions, which are now recognized as key actors in the genesis, progression and treatment of cancer lesions. The ECM is composed of a multitude of fibrous proteins, matricellular-associated proteins, and proteoglycans. This complex structure plays critical roles in cancer progression: it functions as the scaffold for tissues organization and provides biochemical and biomechanical signals that regulate key cancer hallmarks including cell growth, survival, migration, differentiation, angiogenesis, and immune response. Cells sense the biochemical and mechanical properties of the ECM through specialized transmembrane receptors that include integrins, discoidin domain receptors, and syndecans. Advanced stages of several carcinomas are characterized by a desmoplastic reaction characterized by an extensive deposition of fibrillar collagens in the microenvironment. This compact network of fibrillar collagens promotes cancer progression and metastasis, and is associated with low survival rates for cancer patients. In this review, we highlight how fibrillar collagens and their corresponding integrin receptors are modulated during cancer progression. We describe how the deposition and alignment of collagen fibers influence the tumor microenvironment and how fibrillar collagen-binding integrins expressed by cancer and stromal cells critically contribute in cancer hallmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Erik Maquoi
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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48
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Golaraei A, Mostaço-Guidolin LB, Raja V, Navab R, Wang T, Sakashita S, Yasufuku K, Tsao MS, Wilson BC, Barzda V. Polarimetric second-harmonic generation microscopy of the hierarchical structure of collagen in stage I-III non-small cell lung carcinoma. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:1851-1863. [PMID: 32341852 PMCID: PMC7173881 DOI: 10.1364/boe.387744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Polarimetric second-harmonic generation (P-SHG) microscopy is used to quantify the structural alteration of collagen in stage-I,-II and -III non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) ex vivo tissue. The achiral and chiral molecular second-order susceptibility tensor components ratios (R and C, respectively), the degree of linear polarization (DLP) and the in-plane collagen fiber orientation (δ) were extracted. Further, texture analysis was performed on the SHG intensity, R, C, DLP and δ. The distributions of R, C, DLP and δ as well as the textural features of entropy, correlation and contrast show significant differences between normal and tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Golaraei
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George St, Toronto, M5S 1A7, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd North, Mississauga, L5L 1C6, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College St, Toronto, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Leila B. Mostaço-Guidolin
- Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Design, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Vaishnavi Raja
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Roya Navab
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College St, Toronto, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, 88 Stuart St, Kingston, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Shingo Sakashita
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College St, Toronto, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Kazuhiro Yasufuku
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College St, Toronto, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College St, Toronto, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Brian C. Wilson
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College St, Toronto, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, 101 College St, Toronto, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Virginijus Barzda
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George St, Toronto, M5S 1A7, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd North, Mississauga, L5L 1C6, Canada
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, 10223, Lithuania
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49
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Yang Q, Xu Z, Liao C, Cai J, Huang Y, Chen H, Tao X, Huang Z, Chen J, Dong J, Zhu X. Epithelium segmentation and automated Gleason grading of prostate cancer via deep learning in label-free multiphoton microscopic images. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201900203. [PMID: 31710780 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the current clinical care practice, Gleason grading system is one of the most powerful prognostic predictors for prostate cancer (PCa). The grading system is based on the architectural pattern of cancerous epithelium in histological images. However, the standard procedure of histological examination often involves complicated tissue fixation and staining, which are time-consuming and may delay the diagnosis and surgery. In this study, label-free multiphoton microscopy (MPM) was used to acquire subcellular-resolution images of unstained prostate tissues. Then, a deep learning architecture (U-net) was introduced for epithelium segmentation of prostate tissues in MPM images. The obtained segmentation results were then merged with the original MPM images to train a classification network (AlexNet) for automated Gleason grading. The developed method achieved an overall pixel accuracy of 92.3% with a mean F1 score of 0.839 for epithelium segmentation. By merging the segmentation results with the MPM images, the accuracy of Gleason grading was improved from 72.42% to 81.13% in hold-out test set. Our results suggest that MPM in combination with deep learning holds the potential to be used as a fast and powerful clinical tool for PCa diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Yang
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhexin Xu
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chenxi Liao
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianyong Cai
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuan Tao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zheng Huang
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiyang Dong
- Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhu
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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50
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Quantitative SHG-microscopy: Unraveling the nano-architecture of the cirrhotic liver. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2020; 44:1-3. [PMID: 31416788 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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