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Wang L, Liao F, Yang L, Jiang L, Duan L, Wang B, Mu D, Chen J, Huang Y, Hu Q, Chen W. KLRG1-expressing CD8+ T cells are exhausted and polyfunctional in patients with chronic hepatitis B. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303945. [PMID: 38776335 PMCID: PMC11111010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 (KLRG1) has traditionally been regarded as an inhibitory receptor of T cell exhaustion in chronic infection and inflammation. However, its exact role in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains elusive. CD8+ T cells from 190 patients with chronic hepatitis B were analyzed ex vivo for checkpoint and apoptosis markers, transcription factors, cytokines and subtypes in 190 patients with chronic hepatitis B. KLRG1+ and KLRG1- CD8+ T cells were sorted for transcriptome analysis. The impact of the KLRG1-E-cadherin pathway on the suppression of HBV replication mediated by virus-specific T cells was validated in vitro. As expected, HBV-specific CD8+ T cells expressed higher levels of KLRG1 and showed an exhausted molecular phenotype and function. However, despite being enriched for the inhibitory molecules, thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box protein (TOX), eomesodermin (EOMES), and Helios, CD8+ T cells expressing KLRG1 produced significant levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, perforin, and granzyme B, demonstrating not exhausted but active function. Consistent with the in vitro phenotypic assay results, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data showed that signature effector T cell and exhausted T cell genes were enriched in KLRG1+ CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, in vitro testing confirmed that KLRG1-E-cadherin binding inhibits the antiviral efficacy of HBV-specific CD8+ T cells. Based on these findings, we concluded that KLRG1+ CD8+ T cells are not only a terminally exhausted subgroup but also exhibit functional diversity, despite inhibitory signs in HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangli Liao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linshan Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Duan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Di Mu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weixian Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Filardo S, Roberto M, Di Risola D, Mosca L, Di Pietro M, Sessa R. Olea europaea L-derived secoiridoids: Beneficial health effects and potential therapeutic approaches. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 254:108595. [PMID: 38301769 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Over the years, health challenges have become increasingly complex and global and, at the beginning of the 21st century, chronic diseases, including cardiovascular, neurological, and chronic respiratory diseases, as well as cancer and diabetes, have been identified by World Health Organization as one of the biggest threats to human health. Recently, antimicrobial resistance has also emerged as a growing problem of public health for the management of infectious diseases. In this scenario, the exploration of natural products as supplementation or alternative therapeutic options is acquiring great importance, and, among them, the olive tree, Olea europaea L, specifically leaves, fruits, and oil, has been increasingly investigated for its health promoting properties. Traditionally, these properties have been largely attributed to the high concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids, although, in recent years, beneficial effects have also been associated to other components, particularly polyphenols. Among them, the most interesting group is represented by Olea europaea L secoiridoids, comprising oleuropein, oleocanthal, oleacein, and ligstroside, which display anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cardioprotective, neuroprotective and anticancer activities. This review provides an overview of the multiple health beneficial effects, the molecular mechanisms, and the potential applications of secoiridoids from Olea europaea L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Filardo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mattioli Roberto
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniel Di Risola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luciana Mosca
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marisa Di Pietro
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Sessa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Khan S, Anwer A, Sevak JK, Trehanpati N, Kazim SN. Cytokines Expression Compared to the Determinants of Cellular Apoptosis Prominently Attributes to the Deleterious Effects of 'A' Determinant Surface Gene Mutations in HBV Transfected Hepatoma Cell Line. Immunol Invest 2024; 53:224-240. [PMID: 38095846 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2023.2288841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have explored the role of AKT protein in anti-apoptotic/proliferative activities. However, there has been a lack of information regarding the role of Akt in association with cytokines expression in HBV-related (wild type HBV and HBV with mutations of 'a' determinant region) studies either in the case of HBV infection or in transfected hepatoma cells. The present study tries to determine the role of Akt and cytokines expression in the presence of small surface gene mutants in the hepatoma cell line. METHODS Mutations of 'a' determinant region, viz. sA128V and sG145R, were created in wild-type pHBV1.3 by site-directed mutagenesis and transfected in hepatoma cell line. Secretory levels of HBsAg in the wild type as well as in both the mutants were analyzed by ELISA. Apoptotic analysis of transfected cells was studied by flow cytometry. Expression analysis of Akt and cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IFN-gamma) was done by qPCR. RESULTS The presence of significantly more alive cells in sG145R than sA128V transfected cells may be due to the up-regulation of the Akt gene expression. Cytokines expression was nearly similar between sA128V and wild-type pHBV1.3 transfected cells. Presence of sG145R showed dramatically high cytokines expression than sA128V and wild-type pHBV1.3. CONCLUSION Cytokines expression predominantly contributes to the detrimental effects associated with the 'a' determinant region mutations particularly sG145R mutant. It may also be inferred that mechanisms associated with cellular apoptosis apparently do not play any major role to assign the 'a' determinant small surface gene mutation(s) for their pathological outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saniya Khan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Ayesha Anwer
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Jayesh Kumar Sevak
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nirupama Trehanpati
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Naqui Kazim
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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4
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Lang-Meli J, Neumann-Haefelin C, Thimme R. Targeting virus-specific CD8+ T cells for treatment of chronic viral hepatitis: from bench to bedside. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2024; 24:77-89. [PMID: 38290716 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2024.2313112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION More than 350 million people worldwide live with chronic viral hepatitis and are thus at risk for severe complications like liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To meet the goals of the World Health Organization (WHO) global hepatitis strategy, there is an urgent need for new immunotherapeutic approaches. These are particularly required for chronic hepatitis B virus infection and - B/D coinfection. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes data on mechanisms of CD8+ T cells failure in chronic hepatitis B, D, C and E virus infection. The relative contribution of the different concepts (viral escape, CD8+ T cell exhaustion, defective priming) will be discussed. On this basis, examples for future therapeutic approaches targeting virus-specific CD8+ T cells for the individual hepatitis viruses will be discussed. EXPERT OPINION Immunotherapeutic approaches targeting virus-specific CD8+ T cells have the potential to change clinical practice, especially in chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Further clinical development, however, requires a more detailed understanding of T cell immunology in chronic viral hepatitis. Some important conceptual questions remain to be addressed, e.g. regarding heterogeneity of exhausted virus-specific CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Lang-Meli
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- IMM-PACT Programm, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Neumann-Haefelin
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Thimme
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Li Y, Ou JHJ. Regulation of Mitochondrial Metabolism by Hepatitis B Virus. Viruses 2023; 15:2359. [PMID: 38140600 PMCID: PMC10747323 DOI: 10.3390/v15122359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play important roles in the synthesis of ATP, the production of reactive oxygen species, and the regulation of innate immune response and apoptosis. Many viruses perturb mitochondrial activities to promote their replication and cause cell damage. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a hepatotropic virus that can cause severe liver diseases, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This virus can also alter mitochondrial functions and metabolism to promote its replication and persistence. In this report, we summarize recent research progress on the interaction between HBV and mitochondrial metabolism, as well as the effect this interaction has on HBV replication and persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing-hsiung James Ou
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
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6
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Che Z, Zhou Z, Li SQ, Gao L, Xiao J, Wong NK. ROS/RNS as molecular signatures of chronic liver diseases. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:951-967. [PMID: 37704494 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The liver can succumb to oxidant damage during the development of chronic liver diseases. Despite their physiological relevance to hepatic homeostasis, excessive reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) production under pathological conditions is detrimental to all liver constituents. Chronic oxidative stress coupled to unresolved inflammation sets in motion the activation of profibrogenic hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and later pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. The liver antioxidant and repair systems, along with autophagic and ferroptotic machineries, are implicated in the onset and trajectory of disease development. In this review, we discuss the ROS/RNS-related mechanisms underlying liver fibrosis of distinct etiologies and highlight preclinical and clinical trials of antifibrotic therapies premised on remediating oxidative/nitrosative stress in hepatocytes or targeting HSC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaodi Che
- Clinical Research Institute, Institute of Obesity and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Ziyuan Zhou
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China; Clinical Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Si-Qi Li
- Clinical Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Lei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Jia Xiao
- Clinical Research Institute, Institute of Obesity and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Clinical Research of Liver Diseases, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266001, China.
| | - Nai-Kei Wong
- Clinical Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
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7
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Rossi M, Vecchi A, Tiezzi C, Barili V, Fisicaro P, Penna A, Montali I, Daffis S, Fletcher SP, Gaggar A, Medley J, Graupe M, Lad L, Loglio A, Soffredini R, Borghi M, Pollicino T, Musolino C, Alfieri A, Brillo F, Laccabue D, Massari M, Boarini C, Abbati G, Pedrazzi G, Missale G, Lampertico P, Ferrari C, Boni C. Phenotypic CD8 T cell profiling in chronic hepatitis B to predict HBV-specific CD8 T cell susceptibility to functional restoration in vitro. Gut 2023; 72:2123-2137. [PMID: 36717219 PMCID: PMC10579518 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exhausted hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific CD8 T cells in chronic HBV infection are broadly heterogeneous. Characterisation of their functional impairment may allow to distinguish patients with different capacity to control infection and reconstitute antiviral function. DESIGN HBV dextramer+CD8 T cells were analysed ex vivo for coexpression of checkpoint/differentiation markers, transcription factors and cytokines in 35 patients with HLA-A2+chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and in 29 control HBsAg negative CHB patients who seroconverted after NUC treatment or spontaneously. Cytokine production was also evaluated in HBV peptide-stimulated T cell cultures, in the presence or absence of antioxidant, polyphenolic, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor and TLR-8 agonist compounds and the effect on HBV-specific responses was further validated on additional 24 HLA-A2 negative CHB patients. RESULTS Severely exhausted HBV-specific CD8 T cell subsets with high expression of inhibitory receptors, such as PD-1, TOX and CD39, were detected only in a subgroup of chronic viraemic patients. Conversely, a large predominance of functionally more efficient HBV-specific CD8 T cell subsets with lower expression of coinhibitory molecules and better response to in vitro immune modulation, typically detected after resolution of infection, was also observed in a proportion of chronic viraemic HBV patients. Importantly, the same subset of patients who responded more efficiently to in vitro immune modulation identified by HBV-specific CD8 T cell analysis were also identified by staining total CD8 T cells with PD-1, TOX, CD127 and Bcl-2. CONCLUSIONS The possibility to distinguish patient cohorts with different capacity to respond to immune modulatory compounds in vitro by a simple analysis of the phenotypic CD8 T cell exhaustion profile deserves evaluation of its clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Rossi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Vecchi
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Camilla Tiezzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Valeria Barili
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Fisicaro
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Amalia Penna
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ilaria Montali
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Anuj Gaggar
- Gilead Sciences Inc, Foster City, California, USA
| | | | | | - Latesh Lad
- Gilead Sciences Inc, Foster City, California, USA
| | - Alessandro Loglio
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberta Soffredini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Marta Borghi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Teresa Pollicino
- Department of Human Pathology, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Cristina Musolino
- Department of Human Pathology, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Arianna Alfieri
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Federica Brillo
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Diletta Laccabue
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Massari
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Chiara Boarini
- Division of Internal Medicine 2 and Center for Hemochromatosis, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Gianluca Abbati
- Division of Internal Medicine 2 and Center for Hemochromatosis, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pedrazzi
- Department of Neuroscience - Biophysics and Medical Physics Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Missale
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Pietro Lampertico
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, CRC "A. M. and A. Migliavacca" Center for Liver Disease, Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Ferrari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carolina Boni
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
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Boni C, Rossi M, Montali I, Tiezzi C, Vecchi A, Penna A, Doselli S, Reverberi V, Ceccatelli Berti C, Montali A, Schivazappa S, Laccabue D, Missale G, Fisicaro P. What Is the Current Status of Hepatitis B Virus Viro-Immunology? Clin Liver Dis 2023; 27:819-836. [PMID: 37778772 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The natural history of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is closely dependent on the dynamic interplay between the host immune response and viral replication. Spontaneous HBV clearance in acute self-limited infection is the result of an adequate and efficient antiviral immune response. Instead, it is widely recognized that in chronic HBV infection, immunologic dysfunction contributes to viral persistence. Long-lasting exposure to high viral antigens, upregulation of multiple co-inhibitory receptors, dysfunctional intracellular signaling pathways and metabolic alterations, and intrahepatic regulatory mechanisms have been described as features ultimately leading to a hierarchical loss of effector functions up to full T-cell exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Boni
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Marzia Rossi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ilaria Montali
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Camilla Tiezzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Vecchi
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Amalia Penna
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Sara Doselli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Valentina Reverberi
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Anna Montali
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Simona Schivazappa
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Diletta Laccabue
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Missale
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Fisicaro
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy.
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9
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Fu YL, Zhou SN, Hu W, Li J, Zhou MJ, Li XY, Wang YY, Zhang P, Chen SY, Fan X, Song JW, Jiao YM, Xu R, Zhang JY, Zhen C, Zhou CB, Yuan JH, Shi M, Wang FS, Zhang C. Metabolic interventions improve HBV envelope-specific T-cell responses in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatol Int 2023; 17:1125-1138. [PMID: 36976426 PMCID: PMC10522531 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-023-10490-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restoration of HBV-specific T cell immunity is a promising approach for the functional cure of chronic Hepatitis B (CHB), necessitating the development of valid assays to boost and monitor HBV-specific T cell responses in patients with CHB. METHODS We analyzed hepatitis B virus (HBV) core- and envelope (env)-specific T cell responses using in vitro expanded peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with CHB exhibiting different immunological phases, including immune tolerance (IT), immune activation (IA), inactive carrier (IC), and HBeAg-negative hepatitis (ENEG). Additionally, we evaluated the effects of metabolic interventions, including mitochondria-targeted antioxidants (MTA), polyphenolic compounds, and ACAT inhibitors (iACAT), on HBV-specific T-cell functionality. RESULTS We found that HBV core- and env-specific T cell responses were finely coordinated and more profound in IC and ENEG than in the IT and IA stages. HBV env-specific T cells were more dysfunctional but prone to respond to metabolic interventions using MTA, iACAT, and polyphenolic compounds than HBV core-specific T-cells. The responsiveness of HBV env-specific T cells to metabolic interventions can be predicted by the eosinophil (EO) count and the coefficient of variation of red blood cell distribution width (RDW-CV). CONCLUSION These findings may provide valuable information for metabolically invigorating HBV-specific T-cells to treat CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Fu
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang-Nan Zhou
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Ju Zhou
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Li
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - You-Yuan Wang
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Yuan Chen
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Wen Song
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Mei Jiao
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruonan Xu
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Yuan Zhang
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Zhen
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Bao Zhou
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Hong Yuan
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Chao Zhang
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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10
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Winkler F, Hipp AV, Ramirez C, Martin B, Villa M, Neuwirt E, Gorka O, Aerssens J, Johansson SE, Rana N, Llewellyn-Lacey S, Price DA, Panning M, Groß O, Pearce EL, Hermann CM, Schumann K, Hannibal L, Neumann-Haefelin C, Boettler T, Knolle P, Hofmann M, Wohlleber D, Thimme R, Bengsch B. Enolase represents a metabolic checkpoint controlling the differential exhaustion programmes of hepatitis virus-specific CD8 + T cells. Gut 2023; 72:1971-1984. [PMID: 37541771 PMCID: PMC10511960 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-328734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exhausted T cells with limited effector function are enriched in chronic hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) infection. Metabolic regulation contributes to exhaustion, but it remains unclear how metabolism relates to different exhaustion states, is impacted by antiviral therapy, and if metabolic checkpoints regulate dysfunction. DESIGN Metabolic state, exhaustion and transcriptome of virus-specific CD8+ T cells from chronic HBV-infected (n=31) and HCV-infected patients (n=52) were determined ex vivo and during direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy. Metabolic flux and metabolic checkpoints were tested in vitro. Intrahepatic virus-specific CD8+ T cells were analysed by scRNA-Seq in a HBV-replicating murine in vivo model of acute and chronic infection. RESULTS HBV-specific (core18-27, polymerase455-463) and HCV-specific (NS31073-1081, NS31406-1415, NS5B2594-2602) CD8+ T cell responses exhibit heterogeneous metabolic profiles connected to their exhaustion states. The metabolic state was connected to the exhaustion profile rather than the aetiology of infection. Mitochondrial impairment despite intact glucose uptake was prominent in severely exhausted T cells linked to elevated liver inflammation in chronic HCV infection and in HBV polymerase455-463 -specific CD8+ T cell responses. In contrast, relative metabolic fitness was observed in HBeAg-negative HBV infection in HBV core18-27-specific responses. DAA therapy partially improved mitochondrial programmes in severely exhausted HCV-specific T cells and enriched metabolically fit precursors. We identified enolase as a metabolic checkpoint in exhausted T cells. Metabolic bypassing improved glycolysis and T cell effector function. Similarly, enolase deficiency was observed in intrahepatic HBV-specific CD8+ T cells in a murine model of chronic infection. CONCLUSION Metabolism of HBV-specific and HCV-specific T cells is strongly connected to their exhaustion severity. Our results highlight enolase as metabolic regulator of severely exhausted T cells. They connect differential bioenergetic fitness with distinct exhaustion subtypes and varying liver disease, with implications for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Winkler
- Clinic for Internal Medicine II, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Anna V Hipp
- Clinic for Internal Medicine II, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Carlos Ramirez
- Health Data Science Unit, Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bianca Martin
- Clinic for Internal Medicine II, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Matteo Villa
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Emilia Neuwirt
- Institute of Neuropathology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Oliver Gorka
- Institute of Neuropathology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Jeroen Aerssens
- Translational Biomarkers, Infectious Diseases Therapeuic Area, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Susanne E Johansson
- Translational Biomarkers, Infectious Diseases Therapeuic Area, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Nisha Rana
- Clinic for Internal Medicine II, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Sian Llewellyn-Lacey
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Marcus Panning
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Olaf Groß
- Institute of Neuropathology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Erika L Pearce
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins Medicine Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Carl M Hermann
- Health Data Science Unit, Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schumann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Luciana Hannibal
- Department of General Pediatrics, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Neumann-Haefelin
- Clinic for Internal Medicine II, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Tobias Boettler
- Clinic for Internal Medicine II, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Percy Knolle
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Partner Site, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maike Hofmann
- Clinic for Internal Medicine II, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Dirk Wohlleber
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Thimme
- Clinic for Internal Medicine II, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Bertram Bengsch
- Clinic for Internal Medicine II, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Faure-Dupuy S, Baumert TF. Targeting immuno-metabolism and anti-viral immune responses in chronic hepatitis B. Hepatol Int 2023; 17:1075-1078. [PMID: 37369910 PMCID: PMC7615596 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-023-10546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Faure-Dupuy
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Inserm, U1016, CNRS, UMR 8104, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Thomas F Baumert
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hepatiques UMR_S1110, 3 Rue Koeberlé, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroenterologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France.
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12
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Montali I, Ceccatelli Berti C, Morselli M, Acerbi G, Barili V, Pedrazzi G, Montanini B, Boni C, Alfieri A, Pesci M, Loglio A, Degasperi E, Borghi M, Perbellini R, Penna A, Laccabue D, Rossi M, Vecchi A, Tiezzi C, Reverberi V, Boarini C, Abbati G, Massari M, Lampertico P, Missale G, Ferrari C, Fisicaro P. Deregulated intracellular pathways define novel molecular targets for HBV-specific CD8 T cell reconstitution in chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol 2023; 79:50-60. [PMID: 36893853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In chronic HBV infection, elevated reactive oxygen species levels derived from dysfunctional mitochondria can cause increased protein oxidation and DNA damage in exhausted virus-specific CD8 T cells. The aim of this study was to understand how these defects are mechanistically interconnected to further elucidate T cell exhaustion pathogenesis and, doing so, to devise novel T cell-based therapies. METHODS DNA damage and repair mechanisms, including parylation, CD38 expression, and telomere length were studied in HBV-specific CD8 T cells from chronic HBV patients. Correction of intracellular signalling alterations and improvement of antiviral T cell functions by the NAD precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide and by CD38 inhibition was assessed. RESULTS Elevated DNA damage was associated with defective DNA repair processes, including NAD-dependent parylation, in HBV-specific CD8 cells of chronic HBV patients. NAD depletion was indicated by the overexpression of CD38, the major NAD consumer, and by the significant improvement of DNA repair mechanisms, and mitochondrial and proteostasis functions by NAD supplementation, which could also improve the HBV-specific antiviral CD8 T cell function. CONCLUSIONS Our study delineates a model of CD8 T cell exhaustion whereby multiple interconnected intracellular defects, including telomere shortening, are causally related to NAD depletion suggesting similarities between T cell exhaustion and cell senescence. Correction of these deregulated intracellular functions by NAD supplementation can also restore antiviral CD8 T cell activity and thus represents a promising potential therapeutic strategy for chronic HBV infection. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Correction of HBV-specific CD8 T cell dysfunction is believed to represent a rational strategy to cure chronic HBV infection, which however requires a deep understanding of HBV immune pathogenesis to identify the most important targets for functional T cell reconstitution strategies. This study identifies a central role played by NAD depletion in the intracellular vicious circle that maintains CD8 T cell exhaustion, showing that its replenishment can correct impaired intracellular mechanisms and reconstitute efficient antiviral CD8 T cell function, with implications for the design of novel immune anti-HBV therapies. As these intracellular defects are likely shared with other chronic virus infections where CD8 exhaustion can affect virus clearance, these results can likely also be of pathogenetic relevance for other infection models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Montali
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Marco Morselli
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Greta Acerbi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Valeria Barili
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pedrazzi
- Department of Neuroscience - Biophysics and Medical Physics Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Barbara Montanini
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carolina Boni
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Arianna Alfieri
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Pesci
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Loglio
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Degasperi
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Borghi
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Perbellini
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Milan, Italy
| | - Amalia Penna
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Diletta Laccabue
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marzia Rossi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Vecchi
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Camilla Tiezzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Valentina Reverberi
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Boarini
- Division of Internal Medicine 2 and Center for Hemochromatosis, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Gianluca Abbati
- Division of Internal Medicine 2 and Center for Hemochromatosis, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Massari
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Pietro Lampertico
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Milan, Italy; CRC "A. M. and A. Migliavacca" Center for Liver Disease, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Missale
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Ferrari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Paola Fisicaro
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy.
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13
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Loureiro D, Tout I, Narguet S, Bed CM, Roinard M, Sleiman A, Boyer N, Pons‐Kerjean N, Castelnau C, Giuly N, Tonui D, Soumelis V, El Benna J, Soussan P, Moreau R, Paradis V, Mansouri A, Asselah T. Mitochondrial stress in advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis associated with chronic hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis C, or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology 2023; 77:1348-1365. [PMID: 35971873 PMCID: PMC10026976 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes oxidative stress (OS) and alters mitochondria in experimental models. Our goal was to investigate whether HBV might alter liver mitochondria also in humans, and the resulting mitochondrial stress might account for the progression of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B (CHB). APPROACH AND RESULTS The study included 146 treatment-naïve CHB mono-infected patients. Patients with CHB and advanced fibrosis (AF) or cirrhosis (F3-F4) were compared to patients with no/mild-moderate fibrosis (F0-F2). Patients with CHB were further compared to patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC; n = 33), nonalcoholic steatohepatatis (NASH; n = 12), and healthy controls ( n = 24). We detected oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), including mtDNA strand beaks, and identified multiple mtDNA deletions in patients with F3-F4 as compared to patients with F0-F2. Alterations in mitochondrial function, mitochondrial unfolded protein response, biogenesis, mitophagy, and liver inflammation were observed in patients with AF or cirrhosis associated with CHB, CHC, and NASH. In vitro , significant increases of the mitochondrial formation of superoxide and peroxynitrite as well as mtDNA damage, nitration of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, and impairment of complex I occurred in HepG2 cells replicating HBV or transiently expressing hepatitits B virus X protein. mtDNA damage and complex I impairment were prevented with the superoxide-scavenging Mito-Tempo or with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-specific inhibitor 1400 W. CONCLUSIONS Our results emphasized the importance of mitochondrial OS, mtDNA damage, and associated alterations in mitochondrial function and dynamics in AF or cirrhosis in CHB and NASH. Mitochondria might be a target in drug development to stop fibrosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Loureiro
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Department of Hepatology, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Issam Tout
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Department of Hepatology, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Stéphanie Narguet
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Department of Hepatology, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Cheikh Mohamed Bed
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Department of Hepatology, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Morgane Roinard
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Department of Hepatology, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Ahmad Sleiman
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Department of Hepatology, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Nathalie Boyer
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Department of Hepatology, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Nathalie Pons‐Kerjean
- Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Department of Pharmacy, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Corinne Castelnau
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Department of Hepatology, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Nathalie Giuly
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Department of Hepatology, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Dorothy Tonui
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Department of Hepatology, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Vassili Soumelis
- Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U976 HIPI Unit, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Histocompatibilité, Hôpital Saint‐Louis, Paris, France
| | - Jamel El Benna
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France
| | | | - Richard Moreau
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Department of Hepatology, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Valérie Paradis
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Department of Hepatology, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Abdellah Mansouri
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Department of Hepatology, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Tarik Asselah
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Department of Hepatology, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
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14
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The scientific basis of combination therapy for chronic hepatitis B functional cure. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 20:238-253. [PMID: 36631717 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00724-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Functional cure of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) - or hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss after 24 weeks off therapy - is now the goal of treatment, but is rarely achieved with current therapy. Understanding the hepatitis B virus (HBV) life cycle and immunological defects that lead to persistence can identify targets for novel therapy. Broadly, treatments fall into three categories: those that reduce viral replication, those that reduce antigen load and immunotherapies. Profound viral suppression alone does not achieve quantitative (q)HBsAg reduction or HBsAg loss. Combining nucleos(t)ide analogues and immunotherapy reduces qHBsAg levels and induces HBsAg loss in some patients, particularly those with low baseline qHBsAg levels. Even agents that are specifically designed to reduce viral antigen load might not be able to achieve sustained HBsAg loss when used alone. Thus, rationale exists for the use of combinations of all three therapy types. Monitoring during therapy is important not just to predict HBsAg loss but also to understand mechanisms of HBsAg loss using viral and immunological biomarkers, and in selected cases intrahepatic sampling. We consider various paths to functional cure of CHB and the need to individualize treatment of this heterogeneous infection until a therapeutic avenue for all patients with CHB is available.
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15
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Zong L, Yang F, Liu S, Gao Y, Xia F, Zheng M, Xu Y. CD8 + T cells mediate antiviral response in severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22722. [PMID: 36571509 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201343rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), which is caused by a novel Bunyavirus, has gradually become a threatening infectious disease in rural areas of Asia. Studies have identified a severe cytokine storm and impaired humoral immune response in SFTS. However, the cellular immune response to SFTS virus (SFTSV) infection remains largely unknown. Here we report that SFTS patients had a cytokine storm accompanied by high levels of chemokines. CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of SFTS patients exhibited a more activated phenotype and enhanced the antiviral responses. They increased the expression of CD69 and CD25, secreted a higher level of IFN-γ and granzyme, and had a stronger proliferative ability than in healthy controls. In convalescent SFTS patients, the expression of CD69 and CD25 on CD8+ T cells was reduced. In addition, we found the ratio and cellularity of CD14+ CD16+ intermediate monocytes were increased in peripheral blood of SFTS patients. Both the expression of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) on CD14+ CD16+ intermediate monocytes and the expression of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) on CD8+ T cells increased dramatically in SFTS patients. Our studies reveal a potential pathway that CD8+ T cells rapidly activate and are mostly recruited by intermediate monocytes through CXCL10 in SFTSV infection. Our results may be of clinical relevance for further treatment and discharge instructions in SFTSV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yufeng Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fang Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People's Hospital of Hanshan County, Maanshan, China
| | - Meijuan Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanhong Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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16
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Chen X, Liu X, Jiang Y, Xia N, Liu C, Luo W. Abnormally primed CD8 T cells: The Achilles' heel of CHB. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1106700. [PMID: 36936922 PMCID: PMC10014547 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1106700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection continues to be a significant public health challenge, and more than 250 million people around world are infected with HBV. The clearance of HBV with virus-specific CD8 T cells is critical for a functional cure. However, naïve HBV-specific CD8 T cells are heavily hindered during the priming process, and this phenomenon is closely related to abnormal cell and signal interactions in the complex immune microenvironment. Here, we briefly summarize the recent progress in understanding the abnormal priming of HBV-specific CD8 T cells and some corresponding immunotherapies to facilitate their functional recovery, which provides a novel perspective for the design and development of immunotherapy for chronic HBV infection (CHB). Finally, we also highlight the balance between viral clearance and pathological liver injury induced by CD8 T-cell activation that should be carefully considered during drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yichao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- The Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- *Correspondence: Wenxin Luo, ; Chao Liu,
| | - Wenxin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- *Correspondence: Wenxin Luo, ; Chao Liu,
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17
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Li S, Yin S, Ding H, Shao Y, Zhou S, Pu W, Han L, Wang T, Yu H. Polyphenols as potential metabolism mechanisms regulators in liver protection and liver cancer prevention. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13346. [PMID: 36229407 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver cancer is one of the common malignancies. The dysregulation of metabolism is a driver of accelerated tumourigenesis. Metabolic changes are well documented to maintain tumour growth, proliferation and survival. Recently, a variety of polyphenols have been shown to have a crucial role both in liver disease prevention and metabolism regulation. METHODS We conducted a literature search and combined recent data with systematic analysis to comprehensively describe the molecular mechanisms that link polyphenols to metabolic regulation and their contribution in liver protection and liver cancer prevention. RESULTS Targeting metabolic dysregulation in organisms prevents and resists the development of liver cancer, which has important implications for identifying new therapeutic strategies for the management and treatment of cancer. Polyphenols are a class of complex compounds composed of multiple phenolic hydroxyl groups and are the main active ingredients of many natural plants. They mediate a broad spectrum of biological and pharmacological functions containing complex lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, iron metabolism, intestinal flora imbalance, as well as the direct interaction of their metabolites with key cell-signalling proteins. A large number of studies have found that polyphenols affect the metabolism of organisms by interfering with a variety of intracellular signals, thereby protecting the liver and reducing the risk of liver cancer. CONCLUSION This review systematically illustrates that various polyphenols, including resveratrol, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, dihydromyricetin, quercetin, catechins, curcumin, etc., improve metabolic disorders through direct or indirect pathways to protect the liver and fight liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingying Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiyue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiling Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lifeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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18
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Fan G, Li F, Wang P, Jin X, Liu R. Natural-Product-Mediated Autophagy in the Treatment of Various Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315109. [PMID: 36499429 PMCID: PMC9739742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is essential for the maintenance of hepatic homeostasis, and autophagic malfunction has been linked to the pathogenesis of substantial liver diseases. As a popular source of drug discovery, natural products have been used for centuries to effectively prevent the progression of various liver diseases. Emerging evidence has suggested that autophagy regulation is a critical mechanism underlying the therapeutic effects of these natural products. In this review, relevant studies are retrieved from scientific databases published between 2011 and 2022, and a novel scoring system was established to critically evaluate the completeness and scientific significance of the reviewed literature. We observed that numerous natural products were suggested to regulate autophagic flux. Depending on the therapeutic or pathogenic role autophagy plays in different liver diseases, autophagy-regulative natural products exhibit different therapeutic effects. According to our novel scoring system, in a considerable amount of the involved studies, convincing and reasonable evidence to elucidate the regulatory effects and underlying mechanisms of natural-product-mediated autophagy regulation was missing and needed further illustration. We highlight that autophagy-regulative natural products are valuable drug candidates with promising prospects for the treatment of liver diseases and deserve more attention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifang Fan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fanghong Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Center for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xuejing Jin
- Center for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China
- Correspondence: (X.J.); (R.L.); Tel.: +86-15632374331 (X.J.); +86-10-53912122 (R.L.)
| | - Runping Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China
- Correspondence: (X.J.); (R.L.); Tel.: +86-15632374331 (X.J.); +86-10-53912122 (R.L.)
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19
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Huang B, Lyu Z, Qian Q, Chen Y, Zhang J, Li B, Li Y, Liang J, Liu Q, Li Y, Chen R, Lian M, Xiao X, Miao Q, Wang Q, Fang J, Lian Z, Li Y, Tang R, Helleday T, Gershwin ME, You Z, Ma X. NUDT1 promotes the accumulation and longevity of CD103 + T RM cells in primary biliary cholangitis. J Hepatol 2022; 77:1311-1324. [PMID: 35753523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDC)-E2 specific CD8+ T cells play a leading role in biliary destruction in PBC. However, there are limited data on the characterization of these autoantigen-specific CD8+ T cells, particularly in the liver. Herein, we aimed to identify pathogenic intrahepatic CD8+ T-cell subpopulations and investigate their immunobiology in PBC. METHODS Phenotypic and functional analysis of intrahepatic T-cell subsets were performed by flow cytometry. CD103+ TRM cell frequency was evaluated by histological staining. The transcriptome and metabolome were analyzed by RNA-seq and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. Cytotoxicity of TRM cells against cholangiocytes was assayed in a 3D organoid co-culture system. Moreover, the longevity (long-term survival) of TRM cells in vivo was studied by 2-octynoic acid-BSA (2OA-BSA) immunization, Nudt1 conditional knock-out and adoptive co-transfer in a murine model. RESULTS Intrahepatic CD103+ TRM (CD69+CD103+CD8+) cells were significantly expanded, hyperactivated, and potentially specifically reactive to PDC-E2 in patients with PBC. CD103+ TRM cell frequencies correlated with clinical and histological indices of PBC and predicted poor ursodeoxycholic acid response. NUDT1 blockade suppressed the cytotoxic effector functions of CD103+ TRM cells upon PDC-E2 re-stimulation. NUDT1 overexpression in CD8+ T cells promoted tissue-residence programming in vitro; inhibition or knockdown of NUDT1 had the opposite effect. Pharmacological blockade or genetic deletion of NUDT1 eliminated CD103+ TRM cells and alleviated cholangitis in mice immunized with 2OA-BSA. Significantly, NUDT1-dependent DNA damage resistance potentiates CD8+ T-cell tissue-residency via the PARP1-TGFβR axis in vitro. Consistently, PARP1 inhibition restored NUDT1-deficient CD103+ TRM cell durable survival and TGFβ-Smad signaling. CONCLUSIONS CD103+ TRM cells are the dominant population of PDC-E2-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes in the livers of patients with PBC. The role of NUDT1 in promoting pathogenic CD103+ TRM cell accumulation and longevity represents a novel therapeutic target in PBC. LAY SUMMARY Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a rare inflammatory condition of the bile ducts. It can be treated with ursodeoxycholic acid, but a large percentage of patients respond poorly to this treatment. Liver-infiltrating memory CD8+ T cells recognizing the PDC-E2 immunodominant epitope are critical in the pathogenesis of PBC. We identifed the key pathogenic CD8+ T cell subset, and worked out the mechanisms of its hyperactivation and longevity, which could be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyuan Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Zhuwan Lyu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Qiwei Qian
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Bo Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Yikang Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jubo Liang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Qiaoyan Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - You Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Ruiling Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Min Lian
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Qi Miao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Qixia Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jingyuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Zhexiong Lian
- Chronic Disease Laboratory, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruqi Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; Weston Park Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Zhengrui You
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China.
| | - Xiong Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China.
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20
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Liu K, Sun Q, Liu Q, Li H, Zhang W, Sun C. Focus on immune checkpoint PD-1/PD-L1 pathway: New advances of polyphenol phytochemicals in tumor immunotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113618. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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21
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Cheng Z, Wang Y, Li B. Dietary Polyphenols Alleviate Autoimmune Liver Disease by Mediating the Intestinal Microenvironment: Challenges and Hopes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:10708-10737. [PMID: 36005815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune liver disease is a chronic liver disease caused by an overactive immune response in the liver that imposes a significant health and economic cost on society. Due to the side effects of existing medicinal medications, there is a trend toward seeking natural bioactive compounds as dietary supplements. Currently, dietary polyphenols have been proven to have the ability to mediate gut-liver immunity and control autoimmune liver disease through modulating the intestinal microenvironment. Based on the preceding, this Review covers the many forms of autoimmune liver illnesses, their pathophysiology, and the modulatory effects of polyphenols on immune disorders. Finally, we focus on how polyphenols interact with the intestinal milieu to improve autoimmune liver disease. In conclusion, we suggest that dietary polyphenols have the potential as gut-targeted modulators for the prevention and treatment of autoimmune liver disease and highlight new perspectives and critical issues for future pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cheng
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
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22
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Zecca A, Barili V, Olivani A, Biasini E, Boni C, Fisicaro P, Montali I, Tiezzi C, Dalla Valle R, Ferrari C, Cariani E, Missale G. Targeting Stress Sensor Kinases in Hepatocellular Carcinoma-Infiltrating Human NK Cells as a Novel Immunotherapeutic Strategy for Liver Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:875072. [PMID: 35677052 PMCID: PMC9168800 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.875072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells may become functionally exhausted entering hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and this has been associated with tumor progression and poor clinical outcome. Hypoxia, low nutrients, immunosuppressive cells, and soluble mediators characterize the intratumor microenvironment responsible for the metabolic deregulation of infiltrating immune cells such as NK cells. HCC-infiltrating NK cells from patients undergoing liver resection for HCC were sorted, and genome-wide transcriptome profiling was performed. We have identified a marked general upregulation of gene expression profile along with metabolic impairment of glycolysis, OXPHOS, and autophagy as well as functional defects of NK cells. Targeting p38 kinase, a stress-responsive mitogen-activated protein kinase, we could positively modify the metabolic profile of NK cells with functional restoration in terms of TNF-α production and cytotoxicity. We found a metabolic and functional derangement of HCC-infiltrating NK cells that is part of the immune defects associated with tumor progression and recurrence. NK cell exhaustion due to the hostile tumor microenvironment may be restored with p38 inhibitors with a selective mechanism that is specific for tumor-infiltrating-not affecting liver-infiltrating-NK cells. These results may represent the basis for the development of a new immunotherapeutic strategy to integrate and improve the available treatments for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Zecca
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Valeria Barili
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Olivani
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Biasini
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carolina Boni
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Fisicaro
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ilaria Montali
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Camilla Tiezzi
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Ferrari
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Missale
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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23
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Ellatif SA, Abdel Razik ES, Abu-Serie MM, Mahfouz A, Shater AF, Saleh FM, Hassan MM, Alsanie WF, Altalhi A, Daigham GE, Mahfouz AY. Immunomodulatory Efficacy-Mediated Anti-HCV and Anti-HBV Potential of Kefir Grains; Unveiling the In Vitro Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Wound Healing Activities. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27062016. [PMID: 35335377 PMCID: PMC8951848 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27062016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of fermented foods with health-promoting properties is becoming more popular around the world. Consequently, kefir, a fermented milk beverage made from kefir grains, was shown in numerous studies to be a probiotic product providing significant health benefits. Herein, we assessed the antibacterial and antifungal potential of kefir against a variety of pathogenic bacteria and fungi. This study also showed the effectiveness of kefir in healing wounds in human gastric epithelial cells (GES-1) by (80.78%) compared with control (55.75%) within 48 h. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results of kefir-treated HCV- or HBV- infected cells found that 200 µg/mL of kefir can eliminate 92.36% of HCV and 75.71% of HBV relative to the untreated infected cells, whereas 800 µg/mL (the highest concentration) completely eradicated HCV and HBV. Moreover, the estimated IC50 values of kefir, at which HCV and HBV were eradicated by 50%, were 63.84 ± 5.81 µg/mL and 224.02 ± 14.36 µg/mL, correspondingly. Kefir can significantly suppress the elevation of TNF-α and upregulate IL-10 and INF-γ in both treated HCV- and HBV-infected cells. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of kefir revealed the presence of numerous active metabolites which mainly contribute to the antimicrobial, antiviral, and immunomodulatory activities. This study demonstrated, for the first time, the anti-HBV efficacy of kefir while also illustrating the immunomodulatory impact in the treated HBV-infected cells. Accordingly, kefir represents a potent antiviral agent against both viral hepatitis C and B, as well as having antimicrobial and wound healing potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan Abd Ellatif
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
| | - Elsayed S. Abdel Razik
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
| | - Marwa M. Abu-Serie
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed Mahfouz
- National Health Service Foundation Trust (NHS), Manchester University, Manchester M14 5RH, UK;
| | - Abdullah F. Shater
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fayez M. Saleh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed M. Hassan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Walaa F. Alsanie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
- Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Altalhi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Ghadir E. Daigham
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo 11651, Egypt;
| | - Amira Y. Mahfouz
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo 11651, Egypt;
- Correspondence:
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24
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Jin J, Liu Y, Xu X, Wang Z, Niu J. The association between Fc gamma RIIb expression levels and chronic hepatitis B virus infection progression. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:1235. [PMID: 34879827 PMCID: PMC8653572 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06918-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fc gamma receptor IIb (FcγRIIb) is an important inhibitory receptor that plays vital roles in regulating various immune response processes and the pathogenesis of many infectious diseases. The purpose of our research was to evaluate FcγRIIb expression in serum and liver biopsy specimens from hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients and to explore the association of FcγRIIb with chronic HBV infection. METHODS Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was adopted to measure the serum FcγRIIb levels in 119 HBV-infected patients and 24 healthy controls. An immunohistochemical method was then employed to identify FcγRIIb expression in biopsy specimens from patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). The integrated optical density (IOD) value was measured to represent FcγRIIb expression levels. RESULTS Serum FcγRIIb levels were decreased in CHB patients compared to controls (P < 0.001). The FcγRIIb levels in the CHB patient group were remarkably lower than those in the HBV carrier group (P < 0.001). In addition, FcγRIIb levels were negatively associated with AST and ALT (r = -0.3936, P = 0.0063; r = -0.3459, P = 0.0097, respectively). The IOD values of FcγRIIb expression in the moderate and severe CHB groups were significantly lower than those in the control group (P = 0.006 and P < 0.001, respectively). The FcγRIIb level tended to be lower with pathological changes related to hepatitis. Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed that FcγRIIb had negative correlations with AST and ALT (r = -0.688, P = 0.0016; r = -0.686, P = 0.0017, respectively) but a positive association with the platelet count (r = 0.6464, P = 0.0038). CONCLUSIONS FcγRIIb levels are significantly related to chronic HBV infection and the progression of CHB. Changes in FcγRIIb may affect the progression of liver inflammation and fibrosis in CHB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglan Jin
- Department of Hepatology, First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xin Min Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Department of Hepatology, First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xin Min Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotong Xu
- Department of Hepatology, First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xin Min Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongfeng Wang
- Department of Hepatology, First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xin Min Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqi Niu
- Department of Hepatology, First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xin Min Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China.
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Ding S, Jiang H, Fang J, Liu G. Regulatory Effect of Resveratrol on Inflammation Induced by Lipopolysaccharides via Reprograming Intestinal Microbes and Ameliorating Serum Metabolism Profiles. Front Immunol 2021; 12:777159. [PMID: 34868045 PMCID: PMC8634337 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.777159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the regulatory effect of resveratrol (RES) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and its influence on intestinal microorganisms and serum atlas in murine models during the development of inflammation to explore a novel method for the regulation of inflammation. Mice were randomly assigned to three groups: control (CON), LPS, and RES–LPS. The results showed that RES mitigated the inflammatory damage to the intes-tines and liver induced by LPS. Compared with the LPS group, RES treatment decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, myeloperoxidase, and alanine aminotransferase in the liver. Serum metabolic profile monitoring showed that, compared with the CON group, LPS decreased the levels of five metabolites, including cycloartomunin and glycerol triundecanoate, and increased the levels of eight metabolites, including N-linoleoyl taurine and PE(O-16:0/20:5(5Z), 8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17Z). Conversely, RES treatment increased the levels of eight metabolites, including pantothenic acid, homovanillic acid, and S-(formylmethyl)glutathione, and reduced seven metabolites, including lysoPE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/0:0) and 13-cis-retinoic acid, etc., in comparison with the LPS group. Moreover, RES treatment alleviated the negative effects of LPS on intestinal microbes by reducing, for instance, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Alistipes, and increasing the relative abundance of Lactobacillus. These results suggest that RES has great potential for preventing in-flammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Ding
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, China
| | - Hongmei Jiang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Fang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, China
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Gao F, Wang H, Li X, Guo F, Yuan Y, Wang X, Zhang Y, Bai G. Alteration of the Immune Microenvironment in HBsAg and HBeAg Dual-Positive Pregnant Women Presenting a High HBV Viral Load. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:5619-5632. [PMID: 34764667 PMCID: PMC8573211 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s337561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the differences in the immune microenvironment between HBV-infected pregnant women with a high HBV viral load and healthy pregnant women, with an emphasis on T cell subset alteration. Patients and Methods We compared the differences of cellular and molecular signatures between HBV-infected and healthy pregnant women by performing single-cell RNA and T cell receptor sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 51,836 women in the mid-trimester pregnancy stage. Specific trajectories of the different T clusters throughout the course of T cell differentiation were investigated. Flow cytometry was used to validate the proportion of different T cell subtypes. Results We identified nine cellular subtypes and found an increased proportion of effector/memory CD8+ T cells in HBV-infected pregnant women. Both CD4+ and CD8+ effector/memory T cells in HBV-related samples expressed higher levels of metallothionein (MT)-related genes (MT2A, MTIE, MTIF, MTIX), metal ion pathways, and multiple inflammatory responses. Among CD8+ T cell clusters, we identified a particular subset of effector/memory CD8+ T cells (CD8-cluster 2) with MTs as the top-ranking genes, which may be enriched in HBV-related samples. These cells showed an increased clonal expansion in HBV infection. Moreover, we found more active immune responses, according to cellular interaction patterns, between immune cell subsets in HBV-infected samples. Conclusion This study shows significant differences between HBV-infected and healthy samples, including cell clusters, dominant gene sets, T cell function, clonal expansion, and V/J gene usage of T cell clonotypes, and identifies a distinct CD8+ T cell cluster with immune-active and antiviral properties. These findings pave the way for a deeper understanding of the impact of HBV infection on the immune microenvironment during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Gao
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanfan Guo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Yuan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yidan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiqin Bai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Xie Y, Xie F, Zhang L, Zhou X, Huang J, Wang F, Jin J, Zhang L, Zeng L, Zhou F. Targeted Anti-Tumor Immunotherapy Using Tumor Infiltrating Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2101672. [PMID: 34658167 PMCID: PMC8596143 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment, T cells, B cells, and many other cells play important and distinct roles in anti-tumor immunotherapy. Although the immune checkpoint blockade and adoptive cell transfer can elicit durable clinical responses, only a few patients benefit from these therapies. Increased understanding of tumor-infiltrating immune cells can provide novel therapies and drugs that induce a highly specific anti-tumor immune response to certain groups of patients. Herein, the recent research progress on tumor-infiltrating B cells and T cells, including CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, and exhausted T cells and their role in anti-tumor immunity, is summarized. Moreover, several anti-tumor therapy approaches are discussed based on different immune cells and their prospects for future applications in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xie
- School of MedicineZhejiang University City CollegeHangzhou310015China
- College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Feng Xie
- Institutes of Biology and Medical ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityRui'an325200China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Jun Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Fangwei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Jin Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Long Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Linghui Zeng
- School of MedicineZhejiang University City CollegeHangzhou310015China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
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Barili V, Vecchi A, Rossi M, Montali I, Tiezzi C, Penna A, Laccabue D, Missale G, Fisicaro P, Boni C. Unraveling the Multifaceted Nature of CD8 T Cell Exhaustion Provides the Molecular Basis for Therapeutic T Cell Reconstitution in Chronic Hepatitis B and C. Cells 2021; 10:2563. [PMID: 34685543 PMCID: PMC8533840 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In chronic hepatitis B and C virus infections persistently elevated antigen levels drive CD8+ T cells toward a peculiar differentiation state known as T cell exhaustion, which poses crucial constraints to antiviral immunity. Available evidence indicates that T cell exhaustion is associated with a series of metabolic and signaling deregulations and with a very peculiar epigenetic status which all together lead to reduced effector functions. A clear mechanistic network explaining how intracellular metabolic derangements, transcriptional and signaling alterations so far described are interconnected in a comprehensive and unified view of the T cell exhaustion differentiation profile is still lacking. Addressing this issue is of key importance for the development of innovative strategies to boost host immunity in order to achieve viral clearance. This review will discuss the current knowledge in HBV and HCV infections, addressing how innate immunity, metabolic derangements, extensive stress responses and altered epigenetic programs may be targeted to restore functionality and responsiveness of virus-specific CD8 T cells in the context of chronic virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Barili
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.B.); (A.V.); (M.R.); (I.M.); (C.T.); (A.P.); (D.L.); (G.M.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Vecchi
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.B.); (A.V.); (M.R.); (I.M.); (C.T.); (A.P.); (D.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Marzia Rossi
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.B.); (A.V.); (M.R.); (I.M.); (C.T.); (A.P.); (D.L.); (G.M.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Ilaria Montali
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.B.); (A.V.); (M.R.); (I.M.); (C.T.); (A.P.); (D.L.); (G.M.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Camilla Tiezzi
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.B.); (A.V.); (M.R.); (I.M.); (C.T.); (A.P.); (D.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Amalia Penna
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.B.); (A.V.); (M.R.); (I.M.); (C.T.); (A.P.); (D.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Diletta Laccabue
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.B.); (A.V.); (M.R.); (I.M.); (C.T.); (A.P.); (D.L.); (G.M.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Missale
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.B.); (A.V.); (M.R.); (I.M.); (C.T.); (A.P.); (D.L.); (G.M.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Fisicaro
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.B.); (A.V.); (M.R.); (I.M.); (C.T.); (A.P.); (D.L.); (G.M.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Carolina Boni
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.B.); (A.V.); (M.R.); (I.M.); (C.T.); (A.P.); (D.L.); (G.M.)
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Baudi I, Kawashima K, Isogawa M. HBV-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Tolerance in the Liver. Front Immunol 2021; 12:721975. [PMID: 34421926 PMCID: PMC8378532 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.721975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality through chronic hepatitis that may progress to liver cirrhosis and cancer. The central role played by HBV-specific CD8+ T cells in the clearance of acute HBV infection, and HBV-related liver injury is now well established. Vigorous, multifunctional CD8+ T cell responses are usually induced in most adult-onset HBV infections, while chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is characterized by quantitatively and qualitatively weak HBV-specific CD8+ T cell responses. The molecular basis of this dichotomy is poorly understood. Genomic analysis of dysfunctional HBV-specific CD8+ T cells in CHB patients and various mouse models suggest that multifaceted mechanisms including negative signaling and metabolic abnormalities cooperatively establish CD8+ T cell dysfunction. Immunoregulatory cell populations in the liver, including liver resident dendritic cells (DCs), hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), may contribute to intrahepatic CD8+ T cell dysfunction through the production of soluble mediators, such as arginase, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and suppressive cytokines and the expression of co-inhibitory molecules. A series of recent studies with mouse models of HBV infection suggest that genetic and epigenetic changes in dysfunctional CD8+ T cells are the manifestation of prolonged antigenic stimulation, as well as the absence of co-stimulatory or cytokine signaling. These new findings may provide potential new targets for immunotherapy aiming at invigorating HBV-specific CD8+ T cells, which hopefully cures CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Baudi
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keigo Kawashima
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masanori Isogawa
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Natural Killer Cells and T Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Viral Hepatitis: Current Status and Perspectives for Future Immunotherapeutic Approaches. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061332. [PMID: 34071188 PMCID: PMC8227136 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells account for 25–50% of the total number of hepatic lymphocytes, which implicates that NK cells play an important role in liver immunity. The frequencies of both circulating and tumor infiltrating NK cells are positively correlated with survival benefit in hepatocellular cancer (HCC) and have prognostic implications, which suggests that functional impairment in NK cells and HCC progression are strongly associated. In HCC, T cell exhaustion is accompanied by the interaction between immune checkpoint ligands and their receptors on tumor cells and antigen presenting cells (APC). Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been shown to interfere with this interaction and have altered the therapeutic landscape of multiple cancer types including HCC. Immunotherapy with check-point inhibitors, aimed at rescuing T-cells from exhaustion, has been applied as first-line therapy for HCC. NK cells are the first line effectors in viral hepatitis and play an important role by directly eliminating virus infected cells or by activating antigen specific T cells through IFN-γ production. Furthermore, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered NK cells and T cells offer unique opportunities to create CAR-NK with multiple specificities learning from the experience gained with CAR-T cells with potentially less adverse effects. This review focus on the abnormalities of NK cells, T cells, and their functional impairment in patients with chronic viral hepatitis, which contributes to progression to hepatic malignancy. Furthermore, we discuss and summarize recent advances in the NK cell and T cell based immunotherapeutic approaches in HCC.
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Immunopathology of Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: Role of Innate and Adaptive Immune Response in Disease Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115497. [PMID: 34071064 PMCID: PMC8197097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 250 million people are living with chronic hepatitis B despite the availability of highly effective vaccines and oral antivirals. Although innate and adaptive immune cells play crucial roles in controlling hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, they are also accountable for inflammation and subsequently cause liver pathologies. During the initial phase of HBV infection, innate immunity is triggered leading to antiviral cytokines production, followed by activation and intrahepatic recruitment of the adaptive immune system resulting in successful virus elimination. In chronic HBV infection, significant alterations in both innate and adaptive immunity including expansion of regulatory cells, overexpression of co-inhibitory receptors, presence of abundant inflammatory mediators, and modifications in immune cell derived exosome release and function occurs, which overpower antiviral response leading to persistent viral infection and subsequent immune pathologies associated with disease progression towards fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of innate and adaptive immune cells transformations that are associated with immunopathogenesis and disease outcome in CHB patients.
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Buschow SI, Jansen DTSL. CD4 + T Cells in Chronic Hepatitis B and T Cell-Directed Immunotherapy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051114. [PMID: 34066322 PMCID: PMC8148211 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The impaired T cell responses observed in chronic hepatitis B (HBV) patients are considered to contribute to the chronicity of the infection. Research on this impairment has been focused on CD8+ T cells because of their cytotoxic effector function; however, CD4+ T cells are crucial in the proper development of these long-lasting effector CD8+ T cells. In this review, we summarize what is known about CD4+ T cells in chronic HBV infection and discuss the importance and opportunities of including CD4+ T cells in T cell-directed immunotherapeutic strategies to cure chronic HBV.
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