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Soni SK, Marya T, Sharma A, Thakur B, Soni R. A systematic overview of metal nanoparticles as alternative disinfectants for emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:111. [PMID: 38372809 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03818-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Coronaviruses are a diverse family of viruses, and new strains can emerge. While the majority of coronavirus strains cause mild respiratory illnesses, a few are responsible for severe diseases such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, is an example of a coronavirus that has led to a pandemic. Coronaviruses can mutate over time, potentially leading to the emergence of new variants. Some of these variants may have increased transmissibility or resistance to existing vaccines and treatments. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in the recent past has sparked innovation in curbing virus spread, with sanitizers and disinfectants taking center stage. These essential tools hinder pathogen dissemination, especially for unvaccinated or rapidly mutating viruses. The World Health Organization supports the use of alcohol-based sanitizers and disinfectants globally against pandemics. However, there are ongoing concerns about their widespread usage and their potential impact on human health, animal well-being, and ecological equilibrium. In this ever-changing scenario, metal nanoparticles hold promise in combating a range of pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2, as well as other viruses such as norovirus, influenza, and HIV-1. This review explores their potential as non-alcoholic champions against SARS-CoV-2 and other pandemics of tomorrow. This extends beyond metal nanoparticles and advocates a balanced examination of pandemic control tools, exploring their strengths and weaknesses. The manuscript thus involves the evaluation of metal nanoparticle-based alternative approaches as hand sanitizers and disinfectants, providing a comprehensive perspective on this critical issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar Soni
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Tripta Marya
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Apurav Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Bishakha Thakur
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Raman Soni
- Department of Biotechnology, DAV College, Chandigarh, 160011, India
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2
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Zhou T, Wan X, Huang DZ, Li Z, Peng Z, Anandkumar A, Brady JF, Sternberg PW, Daraio C. AI-aided geometric design of anti-infection catheters. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj1741. [PMID: 38170782 PMCID: PMC10776022 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj1741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria can swim upstream in a narrow tube and pose a clinical threat of urinary tract infection to patients implanted with catheters. Coatings and structured surfaces have been proposed to repel bacteria, but no such approach thoroughly addresses the contamination problem in catheters. Here, on the basis of the physical mechanism of upstream swimming, we propose a novel geometric design, optimized by an artificial intelligence model. Using Escherichia coli, we demonstrate the anti-infection mechanism in microfluidic experiments and evaluate the effectiveness of the design in three-dimensionally printed prototype catheters under clinical flow rates. Our catheter design shows that one to two orders of magnitude improved suppression of bacterial contamination at the upstream end, potentially prolonging the in-dwelling time for catheter use and reducing the overall risk of catheter-associated urinary tract infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingtao Zhou
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Xuan Wan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Daniel Zhengyu Huang
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zongyi Li
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Zhiwei Peng
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Anima Anandkumar
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - John F. Brady
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Paul W. Sternberg
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Chiara Daraio
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Meta Platforms Inc., Reality Labs, 322 Airport Blvd., Burlingame, CA 94010, USA
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Lundquist NA, Kifelew LG, Elmas S, Jia Z, Speck PG, Chalker JM. Inactivation of human coronaviruses using an automated room disinfection device. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20048. [PMID: 37973822 PMCID: PMC10654563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of more virulent and epidemic strains of viruses, especially in the context of COVID-19, makes it more important than ever to improve methods of decontamination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of on-demand production of chlorine species to inactivate human coronaviruses. The commercial prototype disinfection unit was provided by Unipolar Water Technologies. The Unipolar device generates active chlorine species using an electrochemical reaction and dispenses the disinfectant vapour onto surfaces with an aspirator. The minimum effective concentration and exposure time of disinfectant were evaluated on human hepatoma (Huh7) cells using 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) assay and human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), a surrogate for pathogenic human coronaviruses. We showed that chlorine species generated in the Unipolar device inactivate HCoV-229E on glass surfaces at ≥ 400 parts per million active chlorine concentration with a 5 min exposure time. Here, inactivation refers to the inability of the virus to infect the Huh7 cells. Importantly, no toxic effect was observed on Huh7 cells for any of the active chlorine concentrations and contact times tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Lundquist
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Legesse G Kifelew
- Molecular Biosciences, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Sait Elmas
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Zhongfan Jia
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Peter G Speck
- Molecular Biosciences, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia.
| | - Justin M Chalker
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia.
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Redondo González O, Martínez Ramírez NM, Alhama Blanco PJ. Non-touch treatment to solve the persistent contamination of culture plates with Aspergillus niger in a clinical microbiology laboratory of Spain. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:115734-115744. [PMID: 37889415 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30433-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
A pseudo-outbreak of Aspergillus caused by false positive cultures can have a high sanitary impact. We determined the effectiveness (fungal load elimination) of a non-touch disinfection system, vs conventional disinfection methods, to solve steady contamination of culture plates with Aspergillus niger at a clinical microbiology laboratory. Routine cleaning-disinfection (RCD), intensive cleaning-disinfection (ICD), and terminal airborne disinfection (TAD) were employed in stages. Air sampling was carried out before and after each procedure. The effectiveness of TAD on contact surfaces was tested by surface sampling. After RCD, ICD, and TAD, there was a mean decrease of 5.4 (95% CI = 1.8-9.0), 19.2 (95% CI = 12.4-26.0), and 4.4 (95% CI = 2.5-6.3) CFU per tested area, and 46.2%, 21.7%, and 95.5% of contaminated areas became sterile, respectively. There was a mean decrease of 30.6 CFU per tested surface (p < 0.0007) and 50% of tested surfaces became sterile. Global effectiveness of RCD, ICD, and TAD was 68.8% (95% CI = 68.5-69.1), 82.2% (95% CI = 82.1-82.3), and 99.0% (95% CI = 98.8-99.2), respectively. The effectiveness was higher with TAD (4.1 CFU/cm2 less than with ICD; p = 0.0290). No further contamination has occurred since then. When construction and renovation activities are discarded and RCD and ICD practices are insufficient, non-touch disinfection remove residual dust contamination and avoid recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Redondo González
- Preventive Medicine Service, University Hospital of Guadalajara, C/ Donantes de Sangre S/N, 19002, Guadalajara, Spain.
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Madrid-Barcelona Highway 33,600, 28805, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain.
| | | | - Pablo J Alhama Blanco
- Electro-Medical Maintenance Service, University Hospital of Guadalajara, C/ Donantes de Sangre S/N, 19002, Guadalajara, Spain
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Pertegal V, Riquelme E, Lozano-Serra J, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA, Sáez C, Lacasa E. Cleaning technologies integrated in duct flows for the inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms in indoor environments: A critical review of recent innovations and future challenges. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118798. [PMID: 37591101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic microorganisms are a major concern in indoor environments, particularly in sensitive facilities such as hospitals, due to their potential to cause nosocomial infections. This study evaluates the concentration of airborne bacteria and fungi in the University Hospital Complex of Albacete (Spain), comparing the results with recent literature. Staphylococcus is identified as the most prevalent bacterial genus with a percentage distribution of 35%, while Aspergillus represents the dominant fungal genus at 34%. The lack of high Technology Readiness Levels (TRL 6, TRL 7) for effective indoor air purification requires research efforts to bridge this knowledge gap. A screening of disinfection technologies for pathogenic airborne microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi is conducted. The integration of filtration, irradiation or and (electro)chemical gas treatment systems in duct flows is discussed to enhance the design of the air-conditioning systems for indoor air purification. Concerns over microbial growth have led to recent studies on coating commercial fibrous air filters with antimicrobial particles (silver nanoparticles, iron oxide nanowires) and polymeric materials (polyaniline, polyvinylidene fluoride). Promising alternatives to traditional short-wave UV-C energy for disinfection include LED and Far-UVC irradiation systems. Additionally, research explores the use of TiO2 and TiO2 doped with metals (Ag, Cu, Pt) in filters with photocatalytic properties, enabling the utilization of visible or solar light. Hybrid photocatalysis, combining TiO2 with polymers, carbon nanomaterials, or MXene nanomaterials, enhances the photocatalytic process. Chemical treatment systems such as aerosolization of biocidal agents (benzalkonium chloride, hydrogen peroxide, chlorine dioxide or ozone) with their possible combination with other technologies such as adsorption, filtration or photocatalysis, are also tested for gas disinfection. However, the limited number of studies on the use of electrochemical technology poses a challenge for further investigation into gas-phase oxidant generation, without the formation of harmful by-products, to raise its TRL for effectively inactivating airborne microorganisms in indoor environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Pertegal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Higher Technical School of Industrial Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Infante Don Juan Manuel, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071, Albacete, Spain
| | - Eva Riquelme
- Clinical Parasitology and Microbiology Area. University Hospital Complex of Albacete, C/ Hermanos Falcó 37, 02006, Albacete, Spain
| | - Julia Lozano-Serra
- Clinical Parasitology and Microbiology Area. University Hospital Complex of Albacete, C/ Hermanos Falcó 37, 02006, Albacete, Spain
| | - Pablo Cañizares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Manuel A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Cristina Sáez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Engracia Lacasa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Higher Technical School of Industrial Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Infante Don Juan Manuel, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071, Albacete, Spain.
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Nowak R, Wityk P, Wierzbicka-Woś A, Gos W, Kostrzewa-Nowak D. The novel sterilization device: the prototype testing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17431. [PMID: 37833295 PMCID: PMC10575896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44483-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are numerous methods that can be used to neutralize pathogens (i.e., devices, tools, or protective clothing), but the sterilizing agent must be selected so that it does not damage or change the properties of the material to which it is applied. Dry sterilization with hydrogen peroxide gas (VHP) in combination with UV-C radiation is well described and effective method of sterilization. This paper presents the design, construction, and analysis of a novel model of sterilization device. Verification of the sterilization process was performed, using classical microbiological methods and flow cytometry, on samples containing Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores, Bacillus subtilis spores, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Flow cytometry results were in line with the standardized microbiological tests and confirmed the effectiveness of the sterilization process. It was also determined that mobile sterilization stations represent a valuable solution when dedicated to public institutions and businesses in the tourism sector, sports & fitness industry, or other types of services, e.g., cosmetic services. A key feature of this solution is the ability to adapt the device within specific constraints to the user's needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Nowak
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 17C Narutowicza St., 70-240, Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 1 Unii Lubelskiej St., 71-242, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paweł Wityk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 107 Hallera St., 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Wierzbicka-Woś
- The Centre for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Szczecin, 13 Wąska St., 71-415, Szczecin, Poland
- Research and Development Centre, Sanprobi Sp. z o. o. Sp. k., 5/c Kurza stopka St., 70-535, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Waldemar Gos
- Institute of Economics and Finance, University of Szczecin, 64 Mickiewicza St., 71-101, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dorota Kostrzewa-Nowak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstańców Wlkp. Al., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland.
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Call E, Call KJ, Oberg C, Capunay C, Clark DN. Healthcare-Associated Infections and the Hospital Bed. Adv Skin Wound Care 2023; 36:1-7. [PMID: 37729168 DOI: 10.1097/asw.0000000000000039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bedframes are a potential source of bacterial contamination, fomites, and healthcare-associated infections for patients with active skin wounds and other underlying conditions. Bedframes also differ in their design, materials, texture, and ease of disassembly for cleaning. In this study, the authors evaluated five hospital bedframes in terms of retained soil and ease of cleaning as rated by volunteers. METHODS Hospital mattresses were placed on five different bedframes and soiled with mock bodily fluids containing Geobacillus stearothermophilus endospores as an indicator organism for contamination. In a second set of experiments, volunteers evaluated the bedframes for ease of cleaning; fewer than 30% of the volunteers had experience cleaning in hospitals or had previously received infection-control training. Questionnaires evaluated subjective measures such as ease of cleaning and texture. RESULTS Researchers observed a strong correlation between the initial amount of soil retained, the most probable number calculations of endospore counts, and the number of washes to reach extinction (no detectable endospores). Although volunteers' rankings for ease of cleaning were independent of the amount of soil retained, their rankings correlated with the actual washes to reach undetectable limits and bedframe materials that were perceived as harder to clean. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the importance of both bedframe design and user cleaning experience in reducing bedframes as a source of healthcare-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Call
- Evan Call, MS, CSM (NRM), is Adjunct Faculty, Weber State University, Ogden, Utah, USA. Kasey J. Call, BS, is Study Director, EC-Service Inc, Centerville, Utah. Craig Oberg, PhD, is Distinguished Professor, Weber State University. Cassidee Capunay, BA, is Technical Writer II, MasterControl, Cottonwood Heights, Utah. Also at Weber State University, Daniel N. Clark, PhD, is Assistant Professor of Microbiology
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Qu S, Wu H, Ng YH. Thin Zinc Oxide Layer Passivating Bismuth Vanadate for Selective Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation to Hydrogen Peroxide. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300347. [PMID: 37026677 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Selective photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation to hydrogen peroxide is an underexplored option as opposed to the mainstream oxygen reduction reaction. Albeit interesting, selective H2 O2 production via oxidative pathway is plagued by the noncontrollable two-electron transfer reaction and the overoxidation of the thus-formed H2 O2 to O2 . Here, ZnO passivator-coated BiVO4 photoanode is reported for selective PEC H2 O2 production. Both the H2 O2 selectivity and production rate increase in the range of 1.0-2.0 V versus RHE under simulated sunlight irradiation. The photoelectrochemical impedance spectra and open-circuit potentials suggest a flattened band bending and positively shifted quasi-Fermi level of BiVO4 upon ZnO coating, facilitating H2 O2 generation and suppressing the competitive reaction of O2 evolution. The ZnO overlayer also inhibits H2 O2 decomposition, accelerates charge extraction from BiVO4 , and serves as a hole reservoir under photoexcitation. This work offers insights into surface states and the role of the coating layer in manipulating two/four-electron transfer for selective H2 O2 synthesis from PEC water oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songying Qu
- Low-Carbon and Climate Impact Research Centre, School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong S.A.R
| | - Hao Wu
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR
| | - Yun Hau Ng
- Low-Carbon and Climate Impact Research Centre, School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong S.A.R
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen Hi-Tech Industrial Park, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518000, China
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Li Z, Xiao L, Sun X, Luo C, Li R, Zhang W, Wang Z, Xiao H, Shu W. An ESIPT-based ratiometric fluorescent probe for detecting H 2O 2 in water environment and biosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161609. [PMID: 36642271 PMCID: PMC9837204 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of the COVID-19 has resulted in a great increase in the use of H2O2 disinfectant, which is listed as one of the commonly used disinfectants for COVID-19 by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. However, excessive use of H2O2 disinfectant can threaten human health and damage the water environment. Therefore, it's of great importance to detect H2O2 in aquatic environments and biological systems. Herein, we proposed a novel ESIPT ratio fluorescent probe (named probe 1) for detecting H2O2 in water environment and biosystems. Probe 1 emits blue fluorescence as the introduction of the phenylboronic acid disrupts the ESIPT process. After reacting with H2O2, the phenylboronic acid is oxidatively removed, and the ESIPT process is restored, which makes the fluorescence emission wavelength red-shifted. Probe 1 exhibited a short response time, high sensitivity, and a large Stokes shift to H2O2. Importantly, it has been successfully used to detect H2O2 not only in actual water samples, but also endogenous and exogenous H2O2 in living cells. The characteristics of probe 1 have a wide range of applications in environmental and biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohang Li
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, PR China
| | - Liyan Xiao
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Sun
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, PR China
| | - Chenyao Luo
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, PR China
| | - Rencheng Li
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, PR China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, PR China
| | - Zicheng Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, PR China
| | - Haibin Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, PR China
| | - Wei Shu
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, PR China.
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Mehta I, Hsueh HY, Taghipour S, Li W, Saeedi S. UV Disinfection Robots: A Review. ROBOTICS AND AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS 2023; 161:104332. [PMID: 36514383 PMCID: PMC9731820 DOI: 10.1016/j.robot.2022.104332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has completely changed our lives and how we interact with the world. The pandemic has brought about a pressing need to have effective disinfection practices that can be incorporated into daily life. They are needed to limit the spread of infections through surfaces and air, particularly in public settings. Most of the current methods utilize chemical disinfectants, which can be laborious and time-consuming. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is a proven and powerful means of disinfection. There has been a rising interest in the implementation of UV disinfection robots by various public institutions, such as hospitals, long-term care homes, airports, and shopping malls. The use of UV-based disinfection robots could make the disinfection process faster and more efficient. The objective of this review is to equip readers with the necessary background on UV disinfection and provide relevant discussion on various aspects of UV robots.
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van der Starre CM, Cremers-Pijpers SAJ, van Rossum C, Bowles EC, Tostmann A. The in situ efficacy of whole room disinfection devices: a literature review with practical recommendations for implementation. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2022; 11:149. [PMID: 36471395 PMCID: PMC9724435 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-022-01183-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Terminal cleaning and disinfection of hospital patient rooms must be performed after discharge of a patient with a multidrug resistant micro-organism to eliminate pathogens from the environment. Terminal disinfection is often performed manually, which is prone to human errors and therefore poses an increased infection risk for the next patients. Automated whole room disinfection (WRD) replaces or adds on to the manual process of disinfection and can contribute to the quality of terminal disinfection. While the in vitro efficacy of WRD devices has been extensively investigated and reviewed, little is known about the in situ efficacy in a real-life hospital setting. In this review, we summarize available literature on the in situ efficacy of WRD devices in a hospital setting and compare findings to the in vitro efficacy of WRD devices. Moreover, we offer practical recommendations for the implementation of WRD devices. METHODS The in situ efficacy was summarized for four commonly used types of WRD devices: aerosolized hydrogen peroxide, H2O2 vapour, ultraviolet C and pulsed xenon ultraviolet. The in situ efficacy was based on environmental and clinical outcome measures. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed in September 2021 to identify available literature. For each disinfection system, we summarized the available devices, practical information, in vitro efficacy and in situ efficacy. RESULTS In total, 54 articles were included. Articles reporting environmental outcomes of WRD devices had large variation in methodology, reported outcome measures, preparation of the patient room prior to environmental sampling, the location of sampling within the room and the moment of sampling. For the clinical outcome measures, all included articles reported the infection rate. Overall, these studies consistently showed that automated disinfection using any of the four types of WRD is effective in reducing environmental and clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION Despite the large variation in the included studies, the four automated WRD systems are effective in reducing the amount of pathogens present in a hospital environment, which was also in line with conclusions from in vitro studies. Therefore, the assessment of what WRD device would be most suitable in a specific healthcare setting mostly depends on practical considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M. van der Starre
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Unit of Hygiene and Infection Prevention, Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Suzan A. J. Cremers-Pijpers
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Unit of Hygiene and Infection Prevention, Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carsten van Rossum
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Unit of Hygiene and Infection Prevention, Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Edmée C. Bowles
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Unit of Hygiene and Infection Prevention, Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alma Tostmann
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Unit of Hygiene and Infection Prevention, Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Garcia R, Barnes S, Boukidjian R, Goss LK, Spencer M, Septimus EJ, Wright MO, Munro S, Reese SM, Fakih MG, Edmiston CE, Levesque M. Recommendations for change in infection prevention programs and practice. Am J Infect Control 2022; 50:1281-1295. [PMID: 35525498 PMCID: PMC9065600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Fifty years of evolution in infection prevention and control programs have involved significant accomplishments related to clinical practices, methodologies, and technology. However, regulatory mandates, and resource and research limitations, coupled with emerging infection threats such as the COVID-19 pandemic, present considerable challenges for infection preventionists. This article provides guidance and recommendations in 14 key areas. These interventions should be considered for implementation by United States health care facilities in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Garcia
- Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY.
| | - Sue Barnes
- Infection Preventionist (Retired), San Mateo, CA
| | | | - Linda Kaye Goss
- Department of Infection Prevention, The Queen's Health System, Honolulu, HI
| | | | - Edward J Septimus
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Shannon Munro
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research and Development, Salem, VA
| | - Sara M Reese
- Quality and Patient Safety Department, SCL Health System Broomfield, CO
| | - Mohamad G Fakih
- Clinical & Network Services, Ascension Healthcare and Wayne State University School of Medicine, Grosse Pointe Woods, MI
| | | | - Martin Levesque
- System Infection Prevention and Control, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI
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13
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Hospital-Based Air-Borne and Surface-Borne Bacterial Pathogens and Their Antimicrobial Profiles in Wolaita Sodo, Southern Ethiopia. Int J Microbiol 2022; 2022:5718341. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/5718341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. It is well documented that hospital environments are the niche/reservoir of many clinically important microorganisms, including multidrug-resistant air-borne and surface-borne pathogens. This problem is the most pressing public health concern, particularly in developing countries like Ethiopia, due to its poor infection management system. This study was planned to detect air-borne and surface-borne bacterial pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance patterns in Wolaita Sodo University Comprehensive Hospital, Southern Ethiopia. Method. A laboratory-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to July 2021. Swabbing and open-plate sample collection methods were used to collect specimens. Standard bacteriological techniques were used to isolate and identify bacterial pathogens. The Mueller-Hinton agar was used to detect the drug susceptibility pattern of bacteria by using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Result. From a total of 323 samples tested, 118 (36.5%) showed the growth of bacteria. The detection rate of bacterial pathogens in the intensive care unit (35.4%) was higher than in operation theater. From the total of 118 bacterial isolates, 39.8%, 27.9%, 20.3%, and 11.5% of S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and E. coli, respectively, were surface-borne. Whereas 37%, 25%, 20.83, and 16.6% of S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, Klebsiella species, and E. coli, respectively, were air-borne. S. aureus showed a 19.04 to 80.9% range of antimicrobial resistance to different classes of antibiotics from surface specimens. A 12.5–100% range of antibiotic resistance levels was detected for all Gram-negative surface-borne bacterial pathogens. P. aeruginosa was 66.7%, 73.3%, and 73.3% resistant to gentamicin, chloramphenicol, and ceftriaxone, respectively. K. pneumoniae showed 75% and 87.5% resistance to ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin, respectively, and a completely ampicillin-resistant E. coli was detected. From a total of 48 bacterial pathogens identified from surfaces in the intensive care unit, 34 (70.8%) developed multidrug resistance. Conclusion. A significant prevalence of surface-borne bacterial pathogens was detected. This study revealed that S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and E. coli were nosocomial infection concerns of the hospital, and this could be the reason for different types of hospital acquired infections in the study area. A high prevalence of MDR was detected in the most surface-borne bacterial isolates.
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14
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Fallon M, Kennedy S, Daniels S, Humphreys H. Technologies to decontaminate bacterial biofilm on hospital surfaces: a potential new role for cold plasma? J Med Microbiol 2022; 71. [PMID: 36201343 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are a major challenge and the near patient surface is important in harbouring causes such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Clostridioides difficile. Current approaches to decontamination are sub-optimal and many studies have demonstrated that microbial causes of HCAIs may persist with onward transmission. This may be due to the capacity of these microbes to survive in biofilms on surfaces. New technologies to enhance hospital decontamination may have a role in addressing this challenge. We have reviewed current technologies such as UV light and hydrogen peroxide and also assessed the potential use of cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAPP) in surface decontamination. The antimicrobial mechanisms of CAPP are not fully understood but the production of reactive oxygen and other species is believed to be important. CAPP systems have been shown to partially or completely remove a variety of biofilms including those caused by Candida albicans, and multi-drug-resistant bacteria such as MRSA. There are some studies that suggest promise for CAPP in the challenge of surface decontamination in the healthcare setting. However, further work is required to define better the mechanism of action. We need to know what surfaces are most amenable to treatment, how microbial components and the maturity of biofilms may affect successful treatment, and how would CAPP be used in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muireann Fallon
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah Kennedy
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen Daniels
- National Centre for Plasma Science and Technology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hilary Humphreys
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Microbiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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15
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Cao T, Tong W, Feng F, Zhang S, Li Y, Liang S, Wang X, Chen Z, Zhang Y. H 2O 2 generation enhancement by ultrasonic nebulisation with a zinc layer for spray disinfection. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND : 1996) 2022. [PMID: 34899039 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.134886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
With the outbreak of COVID-19, microbial pollution has gained increasing attention as a threat to human health. Consequently, many research efforts are being devoted to the development of efficient disinfection methods. In this context, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stands out as a green and broad-spectrum disinfectant, which can be produced and sprayed in the air directly by cavitation in ultrasonic nebulisation. However, the yield of H2O2 obtained by ultrasonic nebulisation is too low to satisfy the requirements for disinfection by spraying and needs to be improved to achieve efficient disinfection of the air and objects. Herein, we report the introduction of a zinc layer into an ultrasonic nebuliser to improve the production of H2O2 and generate additional Zn2+ by self-corrosion, achieving good disinfecting performance. Specifically, a zinc layer was assembled on the oscillator plate of a commercial ultrasonic nebuliser, resulting in a 21-fold increase in the yield of H2O2 and the production of 4.75 μg/mL Zn2+ in the spraying droplets. When the generated water mist was used to treat a bottle polluted with Escherichia coli for 30 min, the sterilisation rate reached 93.53%. This ultrasonic nebulisation using a functional zinc layer successfully enhanced the production of H2O2 while generating Zn2+, providing a platform for the development of new methodologies of spray disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wangshu Tong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuting Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shaojie Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhensheng Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yihe Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
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16
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Cao T, Tong W, Feng F, Zhang S, Li Y, Liang S, Wang X, Chen Z, Zhang Y. H 2O 2 generation enhancement by ultrasonic nebulisation with a zinc layer for spray disinfection. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND : 1996) 2022; 431:134005. [PMID: 34899039 PMCID: PMC8645284 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.134005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
With the outbreak of COVID-19, microbial pollution has gained increasing attention as a threat to human health. Consequently, many research efforts are being devoted to the development of efficient disinfection methods. In this context, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stands out as a green and broad-spectrum disinfectant, which can be produced and sprayed in the air directly by cavitation in ultrasonic nebulisation. However, the yield of H2O2 obtained by ultrasonic nebulisation is too low to satisfy the requirements for disinfection by spraying and needs to be improved to achieve efficient disinfection of the air and objects. Herein, we report the introduction of a zinc layer into an ultrasonic nebuliser to improve the production of H2O2 and generate additional Zn2+ by self-corrosion, achieving good disinfecting performance. Specifically, a zinc layer was assembled on the oscillator plate of a commercial ultrasonic nebuliser, resulting in a 21-fold increase in the yield of H2O2 and the production of 4.75 μg/mL Zn2+ in the spraying droplets. When the generated water mist was used to treat a bottle polluted with Escherichia coli for 30 min, the sterilisation rate reached 93.53%. This ultrasonic nebulisation using a functional zinc layer successfully enhanced the production of H2O2 while generating Zn2+, providing a platform for the development of new methodologies of spray disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wangshu Tong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuting Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shaojie Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhensheng Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yihe Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
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Nguyen TT, Johnson GR, Bell SC, Knibbs LD. A Systematic Literature Review of Indoor Air Disinfection Techniques for Airborne Bacterial Respiratory Pathogens. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031197. [PMID: 35162224 PMCID: PMC8834760 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interrupting the transmission of airborne (<≈5 µm) respiratory pathogens indoors is not a new challenge, but it has attracted unprecedented interest due to the COVID-19 pandemic during 2020–2021. However, bacterial respiratory pathogens with known or potential airborne transmission account for an appreciable proportion of the communicable disease burden globally. We aimed to systematically review quantitative, laboratory-based studies of air disinfection techniques for airborne respiratory bacteria. Three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus) were searched, following PRISMA guidelines. A total of 9596 articles were identified, of which 517 were assessed in detail and of which 26 met the inclusion and quality assessment criteria. Seven air disinfection techniques, including UV-C light, filtration, and face masks, among others, were applied to 13 different bacterial pathogens. More than 80% of studies suggested that air disinfection techniques were more effective at inactivating or killing bacteria than the comparator or baseline condition. However, it was not possible to compare these techniques because of methodological heterogeneity and the relatively small number of the studies. Laboratory studies are useful for demonstrating proof-of-concept and performance under controlled conditions. However, the generalisability of their findings to person-to-person transmission in real-world settings is unclear for most of the pathogens and techniques we assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Tham Nguyen
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Graham R. Johnson
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia;
| | - Scott C. Bell
- Children’s Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia;
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD 4032, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Luke D. Knibbs
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia;
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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18
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Boshnyaga YA, Bologa MK, Agarval EY. On the Problem of Optimal Microbiological Decontamination of Air Environment and Surfaces. SURFACE ENGINEERING AND APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2022; 58. [PMCID: PMC9612621 DOI: 10.3103/s1068375522050039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Modern civilization, providing economic and social progress, at the same time objectively creates—sometimes close to ideal—conditions for the spread of various infections. The catastrophic consequences of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic clearly indicate that homo sapiens appeared to be unable to effectively resist the onslaught of the coronavirus. The purpose of this publication is an attempt to fill the gap in the development of effective methods and means for microbiological decontamination that are optimal in terms of critical parameters. The observational data indicate that a significant number of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infections occur by air without a direct contact with the source, including over a long time interval. Precipitation helps to cleanse the air from pollutants and viruses, reducing noncontact contamination, which additionally brings up to date the problem of optimal microbiological decontamination of the air environment and surfaces. A thermodynamic approach has been used to optimize microbiological sterilization. It is shown that irreversible chemical oxidation reactions are the shortest way to achieve sterility, and they are capable of providing high reliability of decontamination. It has been established that oxygen is an optimal oxidant, including from the point of view of ecology, since its reactive forms harmoniously fit into natural exchange cycles. The optimal method for obtaining reactive oxygen species for disinfection is the use of low-temperature (“cold”) plasma, which provides the energy-efficient generation of oxidative reactive forms: atomic oxygen (O), ozone (O3), hydroxyl radical (•OH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\text{O}}_{2}^{ - }$$\end{document}), and singlet oxygen O2(a1Δg). Due to a short lifetime for most of the above forms outside the plasma applicator, objects remote from the plasma generator should be sterilized with ozone (O3), the minimum lifetime of which is quite long. It has been substantiated that the microwave method of generating oxygen plasma is optimal for energy-efficient ozone production. A modular principle of generation is proposed for varying the productivity of ozone-generating units over a wide range. The module has been developed on the basis of an adapted serial microwave oven, in which a non-self-sustaining microwave discharge is maintained thanks to ionizers (igniters), including those based on radiating radionuclides-emitters. In case of massive contamination of surfaces, it is advisable—in addition to ozone (O3) air disinfecting—to use aqueous solutions of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). It is essential that these reactive oxygen species for disinfecting objects remote from the plasma generator are highly efficient and, at the same time, environmentally neutral. Reliable and affordable personal protective equipment is proposed for activities in zones of increased ozone concentration. The considered optimal means of disinfection can be applicable not only in medicine but also adapted for numerous practices in agriculture, industry, and everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu. A. Boshnyaga
- grid.450974.bInstitute of Applied Physics, MD-2028 Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - M. K. Bologa
- grid.450974.bInstitute of Applied Physics, MD-2028 Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - E. Yu. Agarval
- Sulac Theoretical Lyceum, MD-2019 Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
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19
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Mullié C, Lemonnier D, Adjidé CC, Maizel J, Mismacque G, Cappe A, Carles T, Pierson-Marchandise M, Zerbib Y. Nosocomial outbreak of monoclonal VIM carbapenemase-producing Enterobacter cloacae complex in an intensive care unit during the COVID-19 pandemic: an integrated approach. J Hosp Infect 2021; 120:48-56. [PMID: 34861315 PMCID: PMC8631059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background An outbreak of VIM carbapenemase-expressing Enterobacter cloacae complex occurred between March and October 2020 in an intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary care and teaching hospital in France. At the same time, the hospital was facing the COVID-19 first wave. Aim To describe the management of an outbreak caused by a VIM-producing Enterobacter cloacae complex strain during the COVID-19 pandemic in an ICU and to show the importance of an integrated approach. Methods A multi-focal investigation was conducted including descriptive and molecular epidemiology, environmental screening, and assessment of infection prevention and control measures. Findings A total of 14 cases were identified in this outbreak with a high attributable mortality rate (85.7%). The outbreak management was coordinated by a crisis cell, and involved the implementation of multi-disciplinary actions such as: enhanced hygiene measures, microbiological and molecular analysis of patients and environmental E. cloacae complex strains, and simulation-based teaching. All 23 E. cloacae complex strains isolated from patients and environment samples belonged to multi-locus sequence type ST78 and carried bla-VIM4 gene. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, all but two isolates were also found to belong to a single cluster. Although the source of this outbreak could not be pinpointed, the spread of the strain was controlled thanks to this multi-focal approach and multi-disciplinary implementation. Conclusion This investigation highlighted the usefulness of Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy in the rapid typing of outbreak strains as well as the importance of an integrated approach to successfully fight against multidrug-resistant micro-organism dissemination and healthcare-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mullié
- Laboratoire Hygiène Risque Biologique & Environnement, CHU Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France; Laboratoire AGIR UR UPJV 4294, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.
| | - D Lemonnier
- Unité d'Hygiène et d'Epidémiologie Hospitalière, CHU Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France.
| | - C C Adjidé
- Laboratoire Hygiène Risque Biologique & Environnement, CHU Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - J Maizel
- Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, CHU Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - G Mismacque
- Unité d'Hygiène et d'Epidémiologie Hospitalière, CHU Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - A Cappe
- Département de Pharmacie Clinique, CHU Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - T Carles
- Département de Pharmacie Clinique, CHU Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - M Pierson-Marchandise
- Service Prévention, Evaluations, Vigilances et Amélioration des Pratiques, CHU Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Y Zerbib
- Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, CHU Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France
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20
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Alnimr A, Alamri A, Salama KF, Radi M, Bukharie H, Alshehri B, Rabaan AA, Alshahrani M. The Environmental Deposition of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Nosocomial Settings: Role of the Aerosolized Hydrogen Peroxide. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:4469-4475. [PMID: 34754253 PMCID: PMC8570375 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s336085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Data on the role of aerosolized hydrogen peroxide (AHP) systems in the control of the COVID-19 pandemic are still emerging. This study provides evidence of the environmental shedding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the hospital environment, and the efficacy of AHP to eliminate it. Methods A total of 324 environmental sites (224 surfaces and 100 air samples) belonging to 54 patient rooms were contextually collected and tested for genes of SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR assays and Xpert® Xpress SARS-CoV-2. Results The SARS-CoV-2 viral genome was detected in seven sites (2.5%) of three patients’ rooms, including six highly touched surfaces and one air sample. Viral shedding was directly related to the distance from the patient, with 1, 1.9, and 3.5% of samples testing positive at 3, 2, and 1 meter, respectively (P-value=0.02). None of the sites showed the viral genome following application of 6% AHP. Of note, the viral genome was detected at 2 meters of a mildly symptomatic case on a face mask in the absence of aerosol generating procedures. Conclusion Our data support the possible role of the hospital environment as a source of infection, and the efficacy of AHP to eliminate the virus. Further studies are needed to address the viability of the pathogen in these nosocomial sites and the cost-effectiveness of routine hospital disinfection procedures using AHP for SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Alnimr
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine & King Fahad Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha Alamri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled F Salama
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health & King Fahad Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Radi
- Department of Infection Control, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Bukharie
- Department of Infection Control, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bashayer Alshehri
- Microbiology Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Alshahrani
- Emergency and Critical Care Department, College of Medicine & King Fahad Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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21
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Choi J, Lee M, Lee Y, Song Y, Cho Y, Lim TH. Effectiveness of Plasma-Treated Hydrogen Peroxide Mist Disinfection in Various Hospital Environments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9841. [PMID: 34574763 PMCID: PMC8467658 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hospital environments are associated with a high risk of infection. As plasma-treated hydrogen peroxide mist disinfection has a higher disinfection efficacy, we tested the efficacy of plasma-treated hydrogen peroxide mist disinfection on several surfaces in various hospital environments. Disinfection was performed in 23 rooms across different hospital environments, including hospital wards, outpatient departments (OPDs), and emergency rooms. A total of 459 surfaces were swabbed before/after disinfection. Surfaces were also divided into plastic, metal, wood, leather, ceramic, silicone, and glass for further analyses. Only gram-positive bacteria were statistically analyzed because the number of gram-negative bacteria and mold was insufficient. Most colony-forming units (CFUs) of gram-positive bacteria were observed in OPDs and on leather materials before disinfection. The proportion of surfaces that showed a percentage decrease in CFU values of more than 90% after disinfection were as follows: OPDs (85%), hospital wards (99%), and emergency rooms (100%); plastic (97%), metal (83%), wood (84%), leather (81%), and others (87%). Plasma-treated hydrogen peroxide mist disinfection resulted in a significant decrease in the CFU values of gram-positive bacteria in various environments. Plasma-treated hydrogen peroxide mist disinfection is an effective and efficient method of disinfecting various hospital environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongbong Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (J.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Minhyuk Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (J.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Yangsoon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea;
| | - Yeongtak Song
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (Y.S.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yongil Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (Y.S.); (Y.C.)
| | - Tae Ho Lim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (Y.S.); (Y.C.)
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Sanguinet J, Edmiston C. Evaluation of dry hydrogen peroxide in reducing microbial bioburden in a healthcare facility. Am J Infect Control 2021; 49:985-990. [PMID: 33737038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Standard manual cleaning and disinfection practices are often inadequate. Persistent contamination in the environment poses an infection risk that may be mitigated by no-touch disinfection systems. This study evaluates the efficacy of dry hydrogen peroxide (DHP) on microbial air and surface contamination as an adjunct to routine cleaning and disinfection in a large urban hospital. METHODS Surface samples were collected in five different hospital units, two pediatric and three adult, after manual cleaning on multiple days before and after DHP implementation. Air samples were also collected in each unit pre- and post-DHP use. Data outcomes were reported as colony forming units (CFU) with species identification. RESULTS The overall mean surface microbial burden was reduced by 96.5 percent for all units post-DHP compared to baseline (P < 0.001), with the greatest reductions achieved on privacy curtains (99.5 %). Mean microbial air sample counts were also reduced post-DHP compared to pre-DHP. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that DHP was effective in reducing both air and surface microbial contamination in a variety of settings within a large, tertiary care hospital.
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Shimoyama Y, Ohgomori Y, Kon Y, Hong D. Hydrogen peroxide production from oxygen and formic acid by homogeneous Ir-Ni catalyst. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:9410-9416. [PMID: 34096959 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01431e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide was directly produced from oxygen and formic acid, catalysed by a hetero-dinuclear Ir-Ni complex with two adjacent sites, at ambient temperature. Synergistic catalysis derived from the hetero-dinuclear Ir and Ni centres was demonstrated by comparing its activity to those of the component mononuclear Ir and Ni complexes. A reaction intermediate of Ir-hydrido was detected by UV-vis, ESI-TOF-MS, and 1H NMR spectroscopies. It was revealed that the Ir moiety serves as an active species of Ir-hydrido, reacting with oxygen to afford an Ir-hydroperoxide species through O2 insertion, which is the rate-determining step for H2O2 production. Meanwhile, the Ni moiety promotes H2O2 formation by activating solvents as proton sources. We also found that H2O2 production is strongly affected by the solvent dielectric constants (DE); the highest H2O2 concentration was obtained in ethylene glycol with a moderate DE. The catalytic mechanism of H2O2 production by the Ir-Ni complex was discussed, based on kinetic analysis, isotope labelling experiments, and theoretical DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Shimoyama
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Yuji Ohgomori
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Kon
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Dachao Hong
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
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Dhama K, Patel SK, Kumar R, Masand R, Rana J, Yatoo MI, Tiwari R, Sharun K, Mohapatra RK, Natesan S, Dhawan M, Ahmad T, Emran TB, Malik YS, Harapan H. The role of disinfectants and sanitizers during COVID-19 pandemic: advantages and deleterious effects on humans and the environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:34211-34228. [PMID: 33991301 PMCID: PMC8122186 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14429-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Disinfectants and sanitizers are essential preventive agents against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic; however, the pandemic crisis was marred by undue hype, which led to the indiscriminate use of disinfectants and sanitizers. Despite demonstrating a beneficial role in the control and prevention of COVID-19, there are crucial concerns regarding the large-scale use of disinfectants and sanitizers, including the side effects on human and animal health along with harmful impacts exerted on the environment and ecological balance. This article discusses the roles of disinfectants and sanitizers in the control and prevention of the current pandemic and highlights updated disinfection techniques against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This article provides evidence of the deleterious effects of disinfectants and sanitizers exerted on humans, animals, and the environment as well as suggests mitigation strategies to reduce these effects. Additionally, potential technologies and approaches for the reduction of these effects and the development of safe, affordable, and effective disinfectants are discussed, particularly, eco-friendly technologies using nanotechnology and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India.
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Dr. G.C Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176062, India
| | - Rupali Masand
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Dr. G.C Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176062, India
| | - Jigyasa Rana
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Rajeev Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Barkachha, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, 231001, India
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, Alusteng Srinagar, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India
| | - Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Ranjan K Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar, Odisha, 758002, India
| | - Senthilkumar Natesan
- Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Lekawada, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382042, India
| | - Manish Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
- The Trafford Group of Colleges, Manchester, WA14 5PQ, UK
| | - Tauseef Ahmad
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia.
- Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia.
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia.
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Ramirez M, Matheu L, Gomez M, Chang A, Ferrolino J, Mack R, Antillon-Klussmann F, Melgar M. Effectiveness of dry hydrogen peroxide on reducing environmental microbial bioburden risk in a pediatric oncology intensive care unit. Am J Infect Control 2021; 49:608-613. [PMID: 32828799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Routine manual cleaning and disinfection of the health care environment is often suboptimal. Residual contamination poses an infection risk, particularly for immunocompromised patients. This study evaluates the efficacy of dry hydrogen peroxide (DHP) on microbial surface contamination in a pediatric oncology intensive care unit. METHODS Surface samples from 5 high-touch and 2 low-touch surfaces were obtained for culture and adenosine triphosphate readings after manual cleaning on multiple days in 4 intensive care unit rooms, before and after DHP was deployed. Air samples were collected as well at the study site. Data outcomes were measured in terms of total colony-forming units for the cultures and relative light units for adenosine triphosphate. RESULTS The overall mean surface microbial burden was significantly reduced in the intervention group compared to the control group (mean 5.50 vs 11.77, P<.001). These reductions in colony-forming units were seen across all sampling sites in the intervention group. A reduction in the mean relative light units levels was also noted in the intervention group when compared to the control group (172.08 vs 225.83, P <.006). Reductions with the air samples were also noted (P = .139). CONCLUSIONS Study demonstrates that DHP was effective in reducing microbial surface contamination and improves quality of environmental cleaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Ramirez
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Unidad Nacional de Oncologia Pediatrica, Guatemala
| | - Laura Matheu
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Unidad Nacional de Oncologia Pediatrica, Guatemala
| | - Miguel Gomez
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Unidad Nacional de Oncologia Pediatrica, Guatemala
| | - Alicia Chang
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Unidad Nacional de Oncologia Pediatrica, Guatemala; Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Disease Division, Hospital Roosevelt, Guatemala
| | | | - Ricardo Mack
- Unidad Nacional de Oncologia Pediatrica, Guatemala
| | | | - Mario Melgar
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Unidad Nacional de Oncologia Pediatrica, Guatemala; Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Disease Division, Hospital Roosevelt, Guatemala.
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A Systematic Review on the Efficacy of Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide as a Non-Contact Decontamination System for Pathogens Associated with the Dental Environment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094748. [PMID: 33946831 PMCID: PMC8124733 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aerosol generation and a wide range of pathogens originating from the oral cavity of the patient contaminate various surfaces of the dental clinic. The aim was to determine the efficacy of vaporized hydrogen peroxide fogging on pathogens related to the dental environment and its possible application in dentistry. PICOS statement (Population, Intervention, Comparison/Control, Outcome and Study design statement) was used in the review. Six electronic databases were searched for articles published from 2010 to 2020. Articles written in English reporting vaporized hydrogen peroxide on pathogens deemed to be relevant to the dental environment were assessed. The quality of the studies was assessed using the risk-of-bias assessment tool designed for the investigation of vaporized hydrogen peroxide application in dentistry. A total of 17 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. The most commonly reported single bacterial pathogen was Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in five studies, and the viruses Feline calicivirus, Human norovirus, and Murine norovirus were featured in three studies. The results of the studies reporting the log kill were sufficient for all authors to conclude that vaporized hydrogen peroxide generation was effective for the assessed pathogens. The studies that assessed aerosolized hydrogen peroxide found a greater log kill with the use of vaporized hydrogen peroxide generators. The overarching conclusion was that hydrogen peroxide delivered as vaporized hydrogen peroxide was an effective method to achieve large levels of log kill on the assessed pathogens. The hydrogen peroxide vapor generators can play a role in dental bio-decontamination. The parameters must be standardized and the efficacy assessed to perform bio-decontamination for the whole clinic. For vaporized hydrogen peroxide generators to be included in the dental bio-decontamination regimen, certain criteria should be met. These include the standardization and efficacy assessment of the vaporized hydrogen peroxide generators in dental clinics.
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Weinheimer CM, Ellsworth M, Ferguson L, Boston K, Haltiwanger B, Pavlovitch S, Warren M, Patel B, Katz J, Ostrosky-Zeichner L. Reprocessing N95s with hydrogen peroxide vaporization: A robust system from collection to dispensing. Am J Infect Control 2021; 49:508-511. [PMID: 33091511 PMCID: PMC7572504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV2 pandemic has created extreme shortages of N95 mask necessitating the need for rapid development of reuse and reprocessing plans. Our aim was to create a process to recapture, reprocess, and redistribute N95 masks using hydrogen peroxide vapor as a real time disinfection method within a large hospital system. We were able to recapture and reprocess 29, 706 N95 masks using hydrogen peroxide vapor with approximately 25% loss due to damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Misti Ellsworth
- Division Pediatric Infectious Disease, UT Health Medical School Houston, Houston, TX.
| | | | | | | | - Scott Pavlovitch
- The University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Mindy Warren
- Memorial Hermann Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | - Bela Patel
- Memorial Hermann Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX; Division Director of Critical Care, UT Health Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Jeffrey Katz
- Memorial Hermann Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | - Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner
- Memorial Hermann Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX; Division Pediatric Infectious Disease, UT Health Medical School Houston, Houston, TX
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28
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Chen M, Qi J, Du Y, Cheng Z, Cai T, Li C. Rapid and accurate evaluation of vaporized hydrogen peroxide on the efficiency of disinfection, using a sensitive dual-channel laser scanning cytometer. BIOSAFETY AND HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Kure CF, Langsrud S, Møretrø T. Efficient Reduction of Food Related Mould Spores on Surfaces by Hydrogen Peroxide Mist. Foods 2020; 10:foods10010055. [PMID: 33379242 PMCID: PMC7823841 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the fungicidal effect of a H2O2 mist generating system for disinfection of spores of six food-related moulds (Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Geotrichum candidum, Mucor plumbeus, Paecilomyces variotii, and Penicillium solitum) dried on stainless steel. Exposure to H2O2 mist for 2 or 4 h lead to >3 log reduction in mould spores in the majority of the tests. The presence of the soils 2% skim milk or 3% BSA did not significantly alter the fungicidal effect, while the presence of raw meat juice had an adverse fungicidal effect against Penicillium and Mucor in two out of three tests. Fungicidal suspension tests with liquid H2O2 confirmed the effectiveness of H2O2 on reducing the mould spores. Both the surface test and the suspension test indicated that P. variotii is more resistant to H2O2 compared to the other moulds tested. The study shows the efficiency of H2O2 mist on reducing food-related mould spores on surfaces.
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Wawrzyk A, Rahnama M, Rybitwa D, Wieczorek K, Michalczewski G, Podsiadły E, Łobacz M. Decontamination of microbiologically contaminated abiotic porous surfaces in an oral surgery clinic using vaporised hydrogen peroxide (VHP). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2020; 18:639-653. [PMID: 33312590 PMCID: PMC7721821 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00490-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aims of the study were to identify microorganisms, including those in the VBNC state, inhabiting porous surfaces in oral surgery offices and to assess the biocidal effectiveness and impact of 300 ppm vaporised hydrogen peroxide (VHP) for 20 min on decontaminated materials. METHODS From the surfaces of textured armrests of dental chairs, pinewood doors and window frames and cotton medical aprons, 30 swabs were taken with moistened sponges. The identification of isolated microorganisms was performed using molecular methods with MALDI-TOF MS, DNA Sanger sequencer and Illumina MiSeq. To evaluate the impact of VHP decontamination (independent variable) on the number of microorganisms (response variable) ANOVA and LSD tests were used. After application of 10 processes of VHP decontamination, changes in the properties of the materials were assessed using FTIR spectroscopy, SEM microscopy and XPS spectrometry. RESULTS The concentration of microorganisms was 101-104 CFU/100 cm2 on the tested surfaces and 102 CFU/m3 in the air. Twenty species of bacteria, one yeast and 16 filamentous fungi were identified, with the predominance of Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium. Moreover, Janthinobacterium, Acremonium, Aureobasidium, Coprinellus and Cosmospora in the VBNC state were metagenomically detected. VHP decontamination resulted in a reduction in the majority of tested microbial strains by a minimum of 3 log, and all tested mixed cultures inhabiting porous surfaces were above 98% and in the air, 100%. VHP decontamination did not affect the structural and morphological properties of cotton fibres, wood or stainless steel. CONCLUSIONS VHP decontamination at a concentration of 300 ppm for 20 min can be used for the holistic disinfection of air, surfaces and equipment in oral surgery offices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wawrzyk
- Sanitary-Epidemiological Station, Prądnicka 76, 31-202 Kraków, Poland
| | - Mansur Rahnama
- The Chair and Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Karmelicka 7, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dorota Rybitwa
- Medical Laboratory ‘Labmed’, 11-Listopada 3e/2, 32-600 Oświęcim, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Wieczorek
- The Chair and Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Karmelicka 7, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Michalczewski
- The Chair and Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Karmelicka 7, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Edyta Podsiadły
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Michał Łobacz
- The Chair and Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Karmelicka 7, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
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Scarano A, Inchingolo F, Lorusso F. Environmental Disinfection of a Dental Clinic during the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Insight. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8896812. [PMID: 33145359 PMCID: PMC7596431 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8896812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The control of biological hazard risk in health care and dental clinic environments represents a critical point in relation to the Covid-19 infection outbreak and international public health emergency. The purpose of the present review was to evaluate the scientific literature on the no-touch disinfection procedures in dental clinics aiming to limit transmission via airborne particles or fomites using no-touch procedures for environmental decontamination of dental clinics. METHODS An electronic database literature search was performed to retrieve research papers about Covid-19 and no-touch disinfection topics including full-length articles, editorials, commentaries, and outbreak studies. A total of 86 papers were retrieved by the electronic research. RESULTS No clinical article about the decontamination of a dental clinic during the Covid-19 pandemic was detected. About the topic of hospital decontamination, we found different no-touch disinfection procedures used in hospital against highly resistant organisms, but no data were found in the search for such procedures with respect to SARS-CoV-2: (1) aerosolized hydrogen peroxide, (2) H2O2 vapor, (3) ultraviolet C light, (4) pulsed xenon, and (5) gaseous ozone. One paper was retrieved concerning SARS-CoV-2; 32 documents focused on SARS and MERS. The cleaning and disinfection protocol of health care and dental clinic environment surfaces are essential elements of infection prevention programs, especially during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. CONCLUSION The decontamination technique that best suits the needs of the dental clinic is peroxide and hypochlorous which can be sprayed via a device at high turbine speed with the ability of producing small aerosol particles, recommendable also for their low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Scarano
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Felice Lorusso
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Versoza M, Heo J, Ko S, Kim M, Park D. Solid Oxygen-Purifying (SOP) Filters: A Self-Disinfecting Filters to Inactivate Aerosolized Viruses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E7858. [PMID: 33120940 PMCID: PMC7662992 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Normal heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems typically use high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters, which can filter dust, various pollutants, and even bacteria and viruses from indoor air. However, since HEPA filters cannot not clean themselves and due to the nature of these microbes which can survive for long periods of time, changing these filters improperly could transmit pathogenic bacteria or viruses, and could even lead to new infections. This study indicated that these manufactured Solid Oxygen-purifying (SOP) filters have the potential to self-disinfect, filter, and inactivate aerosolized viruses. MS2 bacteriophage was used as a model virus in two different experiments. The first experiment involved aerosolization of the virus, while the second were a higher viral load using a soaking method. The SOP filters inactivated up to 99.8% of the virus particles in both experiments, provided that the density of the SOP filter was high. Thus, SOP filters could self-clean, which led to protection against airborne and aerosolized viruses by inactivating them on contact. Furthermore, SOP filters could be potentially use or addition in HVAC systems and face masks to prevent the transmission of airborne and aerosolized viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Versoza
- Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang City 16105, Korea; (M.V.); (J.H.); (S.K.); (M.K.)
- Railway System Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon City 34113, Korea
| | - Jaeseok Heo
- Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang City 16105, Korea; (M.V.); (J.H.); (S.K.); (M.K.)
- Railway System Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon City 34113, Korea
| | - Sangwon Ko
- Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang City 16105, Korea; (M.V.); (J.H.); (S.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang City 16105, Korea; (M.V.); (J.H.); (S.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Duckshin Park
- Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang City 16105, Korea; (M.V.); (J.H.); (S.K.); (M.K.)
- Railway System Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon City 34113, Korea
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Moccia G, Motta O, Pironti C, Proto A, Capunzo M, De Caro F. An alternative approach for the decontamination of hospital settings. J Infect Public Health 2020; 13:2038-2044. [PMID: 33289645 PMCID: PMC7577675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The increasing emergence and spread of multiresistant microorganisms in hospital wards is a serious concern. Traditional protocols are often not sufficient to protect patients susceptible to serious and life-threatening infections, therefore new strategies for decontaminating hospital environments are crucial to reducing microbial transmission and the spread the nosocomial infections. The adoption of modern technologies is indicated to supplement traditional methods and to improve desired levels of surface disinfection. Aim This work aims to report the development, implementation, and validation of cleansing and sanitizing procedure for critical clinical settings through the innovative use of disposable cloths pre-impregnated with solutions containing different active formulations and biocidal agents, relating to the areas to be treated (low, moderate, high-risk). Methods The implementation and validation of the sanitizing system were conducted in different wards of two healthcare structures. The protocol for the study involved a structured selection of representative surfaces, such as the floor, bathroom, desk, and beds. Microbiological analyses were performed according to ISO 4833-1:2013. Findings The efficiency of the proposed system was measured through the estimation of total microbial count values on the different surfaces before and after the sanitization operations by traditional methods and by the system described here. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in the microbial count that always fell below the threshold value. For the analyzed surfaces such as shower tray, bathroom floor, toilet edge, the traditional system had an effectiveness of less than 10%, whereas pre-impregnated cloths succeed to eliminate about 90% of the bacteria present. As an example, on the floor we observed a microbial count reduction from >42 to 10 CFU/11 cm2 with the new method (76% of colonies were destroyed), while with the traditional one we have a reduction from >42 to 28 CFU/11 cm2 (33% of microbial colonies). Moreover, the advantages of using this sanitization system are not limited to disinfecting surfaces and limiting cross-contamination but involve all activities related to the cleaning and disinfection operations, including the training and education of the operators and traceability of the operations. Conclusions The innovative disinfection and cleaning protocol used in the present study proved to be a highly valuable alternative to the traditional cleaning procedures in healthcare settings for the sanitizing process of all kinds of surfaces. All tools were specifically designed to improve disinfection efficiency and to reduce the problems associated with traditional methods, such as preventing cross-contamination events, limiting the physical efforts of operators, and avoiding incorrect practices. Our findings add support to the knowledge that an effective sanitization procedure is critical in minimizing microorganisms' transmission and cross-contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Moccia
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, via S. Allende 1, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Oriana Motta
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, via S. Allende 1, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy.
| | - Concetta Pironti
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, via S. Allende 1, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Antonio Proto
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Mario Capunzo
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, via S. Allende 1, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Francesco De Caro
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, via S. Allende 1, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
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Amodio E, Kuster SP, Garzoni C, Zinkernagel AS, Sax H, Wolfensberger A. Disinfecting noncritical medical equipment-Effectiveness of hydrogen peroxide dry mist as an adjunctive method. Am J Infect Control 2020; 48:897-902. [PMID: 32464292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manual disinfection of medical devices is prone to failure. Disinfection by aerosolized hydrogen peroxide might be a promising adjunctive method. We aimed to assess effectiveness of dry mist of hydrogen peroxide (HPDM) on noncritical medical equipment. METHODS One cycle of HPDM was applied on a convenience sample of 16 different types of "ready to use" noncritical medical devices in a closed, but nonsealed room. Of every object, 2 adjacent areas with assumed similar bacterial burden were swabbed before and after HPDM deployment, respectively. After culturing, colony forming units (CFU) were counted, and bacterial burden per cm2 calculated. RESULTS Of 160 objects included in the study, 36 (23%) showed a CFU-count of zero both before and after HPDM use. A decrease from a median of 0.14 CFU/cm2 (range: 0.00-125.00/cm2) to a median of 0.00 CFU/cm2 (range: 0.00-4.00/cm2) (P < .001) was observed. The bacterial burden was reduced by more than 90% in 45% (95% CI: 37-53) of objects. No pathogenic bacteria were identified. DISCUSSION HPDM reduced bacterial burden on noncritical medical items. Since cleanliness of the included "ready to use" objects was high and no pathogens were found before nebulization, the HPDM device did not increase patient safety in this setting. CONCLUSION HPDM nebulization can be a useful nonmanual adjunctive disinfection method in high-risk settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Amodio
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan P Kuster
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Garzoni
- Division of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Clinica Moncucco, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Annelies S Zinkernagel
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hugo Sax
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aline Wolfensberger
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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One Health in hospitals: how understanding the dynamics of people, animals, and the hospital built-environment can be used to better inform interventions for antimicrobial-resistant gram-positive infections. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2020; 9:78. [PMID: 32487220 PMCID: PMC7268532 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-020-00737-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite improvements in hospital infection prevention and control, healthcare associated infections (HAIs) remain a challenge with significant patient morbidity, mortality, and cost for the healthcare system. In this review, we use a One Health framework (human, animal, and environmental health) to explain the epidemiology, demonstrate key knowledge gaps in infection prevention policy, and explore improvements to control Gram-positive pathogens in the healthcare environment. We discuss patient and healthcare worker interactions with the hospital environment that can lead to transmission of the most common Gram-positive hospital pathogens – methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus – and detail interventions that target these two One Health domains. We discuss the role of animals in the healthcare settings, knowledge gaps regarding their role in pathogen transmission, and the absence of infection risk mitigation strategies targeting animals. We advocate for novel infection prevention and control programs, founded on the pillars of One Health, to reduce Gram-positive hospital-associated pathogen transmission.
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Role of Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor (HPV) for the Disinfection of Hospital Surfaces Contaminated by Multiresistant Bacteria. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9050408. [PMID: 32456303 PMCID: PMC7281489 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9050408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multiresistant bacterial strains as agents of healthcare-related infection in hospitals has prompted a review of the control techniques, with an added emphasis on preventive measures, namely good clinical practices, antimicrobial stewardship, and appropriate environmental cleaning. The latter item is about the choice of an appropriate disinfectant as a critical role due to the difficulties often encountered in obtaining a complete eradication of environmental contaminations and reservoirs of pathogens. The present review is focused on the effectiveness of hydrogen peroxide vapor, among the new environmental disinfectants that have been adopted. The method is based on a critical review of the available literature on this topic.
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Gilbert GL, Hor S, Wyer M, Sadsad R, Badcock CA, Iedema R. Sustained fall in inpatient MRSA prevalence after a video-reflexive ethnography project; an observational study. Infect Dis Health 2020; 25:140-150. [PMID: 32089464 DOI: 10.1016/j.idh.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintaining optimal infection prevention and control (IPC) in a busy, clinical environment is challenging. Video-reflexive ethnography (VRE) is a collaborative, interventionist approach to practice improvement. We hypothesised that giving clinicians opportunities to view and reflect on video footage of everyday ward activities would raise awareness of, and suggest strategies to reduce, pathogen transmission risks. We undertook a VRE project, between March and September 2013, in two tertiary hospital surgical wards, with persistently high methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) endemicity, despite previous IPC interventions. METHODS This study was a retrospective/prospective observational study, using interrupted time-series analyses, to assess the effects of the VRE project on hand hygiene compliance, inpatient MRSA infections (newly infected patients, per 1000 occupied bed days) and inpatient MRSA colonisation prevalence, measured by serial point prevalence surveys. Follow-up continued until June 2016. RESULTS The VRE project was associated with changes in IPC behaviour and outcomes. Hand hygiene compliance increased (from 62% to 75%; p < 0.0001) and MRSA colonisation prevalence decreased significantly, in both wards (baseline 42%; average post-VRE 12%; p=<0.0001), MRSA infection rate decreased in one ward. Interpretation of results was complicated by a potential confounding effect of unplanned environmental hydrogen peroxide decontamination (HPD). Improved hand hygiene compliance was a predicted outcome of VRE, but also a potential contributor to reduced MRSA transmission. CONCLUSION Separate contributions of VRE (the intervention), HPD and hand hygiene compliance were uncertain, but their combined effect was significantly reduced MRSA endemicity, which previously had been resistant to attempted IPC interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn L Gilbert
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Cnr Darcy and Hawkesbury Rds, Westmead, 2145, NSW, Australia.
| | - Suyin Hor
- University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, 2007, NSW, Australia.
| | - Mary Wyer
- University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, 2007, NSW, Australia.
| | - Rosemarie Sadsad
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Cnr Darcy and Hawkesbury Rds, Westmead, 2145, NSW, Australia; Sydney Informatics Hub, University of Sydney, 32 Queen St, Chippendale, 2008, NSW, Australia.
| | - Caro-Anne Badcock
- Shimsco Consulting, Pty, Ltd, Largs North, 5016, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Rick Iedema
- University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, 2007, NSW, Australia.
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Otter J, Yezli S, Barbut F, Perl T. An overview of automated room disinfection systems: When to use them and how to choose them. DECONTAMINATION IN HOSPITALS AND HEALTHCARE 2020. [PMCID: PMC7153347 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-102565-9.00015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Conventional disinfection methods are limited by reliance on the operator to ensure appropriate selection, formulation, distribution, and contact time of the agent. Automated room disinfection (ARD) systems remove or reduce reliance on operators and so they have the potential to improve the efficacy of terminal disinfection. The most commonly used systems are hydrogen peroxide vapor (H2O2 vapor), aerosolized hydrogen peroxide (aHP), and ultraviolet (UV) light. These systems have important differences in their active agent, delivery mechanism, efficacy, process time, and ease of use. The choice of ARD system should be influenced by the intended application, the evidence base for effectiveness, practicalities of implementation, and cost considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.A. Otter
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in HCAIs and AMR at Imperial College London, and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Infection Prevention and Control, London, United Kingdom
| | - S. Yezli
- Global Centre for Mass Gatherings Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health-Public Health Directorate, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - F. Barbut
- National Reference Laboratory for C. difficile, Infection Control Unit, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France,INSERM S-1139, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - T.M. Perl
- Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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Understanding the formation and behaviors of droplets toward consideration of changeover during cell manufacturing. Regen Ther 2019; 12:36-42. [PMID: 31890765 PMCID: PMC6933465 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Preventing the contamination of processed cells is required for achieving reproducible manufacturing. A droplet is one of the potential causes contamination in cell manufacturing. The present study elucidates the formation mechanism and characteristics of droplets based on the observation and detection of droplets on the base surface of the biological safety cabinet (BSC) where cell processing is conducted under unidirectional airflow. Pouring fluorescent solution into the vessel using a measuring pipette was conducted to visualize the formation of droplets by videos as well as visual detection by blacklight irradiation on the base surface of the BSC. The experiments revealed that airborne and non-airborne droplets emerged from bursting bubbles, which formed when the entire solution was pushed out of the measuring pipette. Therefore, the improving procedure of pouring technique when entire solution was not pushed out of the pipette realized no formation of the droplets due to the prevention of emergence of bubble. In addition, an alternative procedure in which the entire solution was poured into the deep point of the test tube prevented the flying of non-airborne droplets outside the tube, while airborne droplets that escaped the tube rode the airflow of BSC. These results suggested a method for the prevention of the droplet formation, as well as the deposit control of droplets onto the surface in BSC, leading to cleanup area in the BSC for changeover with environment continuity. The droplets were formed by bursting bubbles while pouring the solution. Improved procedure for the prevention of emergence of droplets was proposed. Classification of droplets proposes the procedure for cleanup the BSC. Changeover was categorized based on the status for environment continuity.
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Mahran AM, Twisy HO, Elghazally SA, Badran AY. Evaluation of different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide solution (3% and 6%) as a potential new therapeutic option of nongenital warts: A randomized controlled triple‐blinded clinical trial. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 19:416-422. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayman M. Mahran
- Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine Assiut University Assiut Egypt
| | - Howida Omar Twisy
- Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine Assiut University Assiut Egypt
| | - Shimaa A. Elghazally
- Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine Assiut University Assiut Egypt
| | - Aya Y. Badran
- Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine Assiut University Assiut Egypt
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Montagna MT, Triggiano F, Barbuti G, Bartolomeo N, De Giglio O, Diella G, Lopuzzo M, Rutigliano S, Serio G, Caggiano G. Study on the In Vitro Activity of Five Disinfectants against Nosocomial Bacteria. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E1895. [PMID: 31146343 PMCID: PMC6603693 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16111895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Nosocomial infections cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the pathogenic organisms responsible for such infections can develop resistance to antimicrobial agents. Understanding the activity of disinfectants against clinical and environmental bacterial isolates is therefore crucial. We analysed the in vitro activity of five antimicrobial products (phenolic compounds, didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC), sodium hypochlorite, isopropanol + ammonium compounds (IACs), hydrogen peroxide) against 187 bacterial strains comprising clinical isolates, as well as 30 environmental isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from hospital water samples. Disk diffusion assays were employed to assess antimicrobial activity. Hydrogen peroxide was significantly more active (p < 0.0001) than the other disinfectants against all P. aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus strains. It was also the only disinfectant with activity against both clinical and environmental strains of P. aeruginosa. DDAC and IAC-based disinfectants were ineffective against Gram-negative strains, but showed significant activity (particularly IACs, p < 0.0001) against the Gram-positive strains. Compared with IACs, DDAC was significantly more active on E. faecalis and less active on S. aureus (p < 0.0001). Sodium hypochlorite and phenol compounds, by contrast, were inactive against all bacterial strains. The development of disinfection procedures that are effective against all microorganisms is essential for limiting the spread of nosocomial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Montagna
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Francesco Triggiano
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Barbuti
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Nicola Bartolomeo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Osvalda De Giglio
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Giusy Diella
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Marco Lopuzzo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Serafina Rutigliano
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Serio
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Caggiano
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
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Ide N, Frogner BK, LeRouge CM, Vigil P, Thompson M. What's on your keyboard? A systematic review of the contamination of peripheral computer devices in healthcare settings. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e026437. [PMID: 30852549 PMCID: PMC6429971 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the extent and type of microbial contamination of computer peripheral devices used in healthcare settings, evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to reduce contamination of these devices and establish the risk of patient and healthcare worker infection from contaminated devices. DESIGN Systematic review METHODS: We searched four online databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase and Scopus for articles reporting primary data collection on contamination of computer-related equipment (including keyboards, mice, laptops and tablets) and/or studies demonstrating the effectiveness of a disinfection technique. Pooling of contamination rates was conducted where possible, and narrative synthesis was used to describe the rates of device contamination, types of bacterial and viral contamination, effectiveness of interventions and any associations between device contamination and human infections. RESULTS Of the 4432 records identified, a total of 75 studies involving 2804 computer devices were included. Of these, 50 studies reported contamination of computer-related hardware, and 25 also measured the effects of a decontamination intervention. The overall proportion of contamination ranged from 24% to 100%. The most common microbial contaminants were skin commensals, but also included potential pathogens including methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus, Clostridiumdifficile, vancomycin-resistantenterococci and Escherichia coli. Interventions demonstrating effective decontamination included wipes/pads using isopropyl alcohol, quaternary ammonium, chlorhexidine or dipotassium peroxodisulfate, ultraviolet light emitting devices, enhanced cleaning protocols and chlorine/bleach products. However, results were inconsistent, and there was insufficient data to demonstrate comparative effectiveness. We found little evidence on the link between device contamination and patient/healthcare worker colonisation or infection. CONCLUSIONS Computer keyboards and peripheral devices are frequently contaminated; however, our findings do not allow us to draw firm conclusions about their relative impact on the transmission of pathogens or nosocomial infection. Additional studies measuring the incidence of healthcare-acquired infections from computer hardware, the relative risk they pose to healthcare and evidence for effective and practical cleaning methods are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Ide
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Bianca K Frogner
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Cynthia M LeRouge
- Department of Information Systems & Business Analytics, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Patrick Vigil
- Family Medicine, Pacific Northwest University, Yakima, Washington, USA
| | - Matthew Thompson
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Freyssenet C, Karlen S. Plasma-Activated Aerosolized Hydrogen Peroxide (aHP) in Surface Inactivation Procedures. APPLIED BIOSAFETY 2019; 24:10-19. [PMID: 36034636 PMCID: PMC9093241 DOI: 10.1177/1535676018818559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Hydrogen peroxide is a strong oxidant that possesses an antimicrobial activity. It has been successfully used in surface/room decontamination processes either under the form of hydrogen peroxide vapor (HPV) or of vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP). Aerosolized hydrogen peroxide (aHP) offers a third alternative. The technology relies on the dispersion of aerosols of a hydrogen peroxide solution often complemented with silver cations. aHP provides an inexpensive and safe approach to treat contaminated rooms but sometimes fails to achieve the 6-log10 reduction limit in the number of viable microorganisms. Methods Here, we used a venturi-based aHP generator that generates 4 mm in size aerosols from a 12% plasma-activated hydrogen peroxide solution free of silver cations. Results & Discussion We could successfully and constantly inactivate bacterial growth from biological indicators containing at least 106 spores of Geobacillus stearothermophilus placed on stainless steel discs wrapped in Tyvek pouches. We could also show that the biological indicators placed at various locations in a class II biosafety cabinet were equally inactivated, showing that hydrogen peroxide aerosols migrate through HEPA filters. Conclusions Considering that our method for aerosol generation is simple, reproducible, and highly effective at inactivating spores, our approach is expected to serve as a relatively cost effective alternative method for disinfecting potentially contaminated rooms or surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Freyssenet
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, EPFL RHO DSPS, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Karlen
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, EPFL RHO DSPS, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Figueroa Castro CE, Munoz-Price LS. Advances in Infection Control for Clostridioides (Formerly Clostridium) difficile Infection. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40506-019-0179-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Møretrø T, Fanebust H, Fagerlund A, Langsrud S. Whole room disinfection with hydrogen peroxide mist to control Listeria monocytogenes in food industry related environments. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 292:118-125. [PMID: 30594743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes surviving daily cleaning and disinfection is a challenge for many types of food industries. In this study, it was tested whether whole room disinfection (WRD) with H2O2 mist could kill L. monocytogenes under conditions relevant for the food industry. Survival of a mixture of four L. monocytogenes strains exposed to H2O2 mist was investigated in a 36 m3 room. A commercial machine produced H2O2 mist by pumping a 5% H2O2 solution containing 0.005% silver through a nozzle, and breaking the liquid up in droplets using pressurized air. When a suspension of bacteria in 0.9% NaCl applied on stainless steel coupons was exposed to WRD with H2O2 mist, a >5 log reduction (LR) of L. monocytogenes was observed. Similar reductions were observed in all tests with conditions between 12 and 20 °C, H2O2 concentrations of 35-80 ppm and 1-2 h exposure. It was shown that the H2O2 in the mist dissolved and accumulated in the liquid on the steel, and acted against L. monocytogenes in the liquid phase. At high cell concentrations, the effect was reduced if cells were pregrown at highly aerated conditions. The anti-listerial effect was robust against protein and fat, but the effect was quenched by raw meat and raw salmon, probably due to high catalase activity. The effect of whole room disinfection with H2O2 against dried L. monocytogenes cells was 1-2 LR, however the effect of air-drying by itself lead to 3-4 LR. When biofilms were exposed to WRD, no surviving L. monocytogenes were observed on stainless steel, however for L. monocytogenes on a PVC conveyor belt material, there were surviving bacteria, with about 2 LR. Screening of 54 L. monocytogenes strains for growth susceptibility to H2O2 showed that their sensitivity to H2O2 was very similar, thus WRD with H2O2 are likely to be robust against strain variation in susceptibility to H2O2. Production of H2O2 mist resulted in increased room humidity, and this may limit the maximum H2O2 concentration achievable, especially at low temperatures. The results in this study show that whole room disinfection with H2O2 may have potential to control L. monocytogenes in the food industry, however intervention studies in the food industry are needed to verify the effect in practical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trond Møretrø
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, N-1430 Ås, Norway.
| | - Helge Fanebust
- Decon-X International, Vollsveien 13C, N-1366 Lysaker, Norway
| | - Annette Fagerlund
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, N-1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Solveig Langsrud
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, N-1430 Ås, Norway
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Chihara R, Kitajima H, Ogawa Y, Nakamura H, Tsutsui S, Mizutani M, Kino-oka M, Ezoe S. Effects of residual H 2O 2 on the growth of MSCs after decontamination. Regen Ther 2018; 9:111-115. [PMID: 30525081 PMCID: PMC6222977 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regenerative therapy is a developing field in medicine. In the production of cell products for these therapies, hygienic management is even more critical than in the production of a chemical drug. At the same time, however, care is required with the use of decontamination agents, considering their effects on cell viability and characteristics. To date, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is most widely used for decontamination in pharmaceutical plants and cell processing facilities. METHODS In this study, we examined the effects of residual H2O2 in the atmosphere of cell processing units after decontamination on the viability and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human bone marrow. RESULTS We detected residual H2O2 sufficient to affect cell proliferation and survival even more than 30 h after decontamination ended. Our results suggest a longer time period is required before starting operations after decontamination and that the operating time should be as short as possible. CONCLUSIONS Here we show the effects of post-decontamination residual H2O2 on the viability and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human bone marrow, which may provide us with important information about the hygienic management of cell processing facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riri Chihara
- Development Headquarters, Earth Environmental Service Co., Ltd., 17 Kanda-Konyacho, Chiyodaku, Tokyo, 101-0035, Japan
| | - Hideki Kitajima
- Department of Medical Innovation, Osaka University Hospital, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuuki Ogawa
- Department of Medical Innovation, Osaka University Hospital, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nakamura
- Development Headquarters, Earth Environmental Service Co., Ltd., 17 Kanda-Konyacho, Chiyodaku, Tokyo, 101-0035, Japan
| | - Shozo Tsutsui
- Development Headquarters, Earth Environmental Service Co., Ltd., 17 Kanda-Konyacho, Chiyodaku, Tokyo, 101-0035, Japan
| | - Manabu Mizutani
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kino-oka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sachikon Ezoe
- Department of Medical Innovation, Osaka University Hospital, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Environmental Space Infection Control, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Hygienemaßnahmen zur Prävention der Infektion durch Enterokokken mit speziellen Antibiotikaresistenzen. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2018; 61:1310-1361. [DOI: 10.1007/s00103-018-2811-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Pourfaraj R, Kazemi SY, Fatemi SJ, Biparva P. Synthesis of α- and β-CoNi binary hydroxides nanostructures and luminol chemiluminescence study for H2O2 detection. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yang Y, Richards JP, Gundrum J, Ojha AK. GlnR Activation Induces Peroxide Resistance in Mycobacterial Biofilms. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1428. [PMID: 30022971 PMCID: PMC6039565 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteria spontaneously form surface-associated multicellular communities, called biofilms, which display resistance to a wide range of exogenous stresses. A causal relationship between biofilm formation and emergence of stress resistance is not known. Here, we report that activation of a nitrogen starvation response regulator, GlnR, during the development of Mycobacterium smegmatis biofilms leads to peroxide resistance. The resistance arises from induction of a GlnR-dependent peroxide resistance (gpr) gene cluster comprising of 8 ORFs (MSMEG_0565-0572). Expression of gpr increases the NADPH to NADP ratio, suggesting that a reduced cytosolic environment of nitrogen-starved cells in biofilms contributes to peroxide resistance. Increased NADPH levels from gpr activity likely support the activity of enzymes involved in nitrogen assimilation, as suggested by a higher threshold of nitrogen supplement required by a gpr mutant to form biofilms. Together, our study uniquely interlinks a nutrient sensing mechanism with emergence of stress resistance during mycobacterial biofilm development. The gpr gene cluster is conserved in several mycobacteria that can cause nosocomial infections, offering a possible explanation for their resistance to peroxide-based sterilization of medical equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Division of Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Jacob P. Richards
- Division of Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jennifer Gundrum
- Division of Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Anil K. Ojha
- Division of Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
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Bache S, Maclean M, Gettinby G, Anderson J, MacGregor S, Taggart I. Universal decontamination of hospital surfaces in an occupied inpatient room with a continuous 405 nm light source. J Hosp Infect 2018; 98:67-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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