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Lam JH, Horvath R, Amodeo M. Culture-negative Capnocytophaga canimorsus meningitis diagnosed by 16s ribosomal RNA polymerase chain reaction in an immunocompetent veterinarian and a review of the literature. Intern Med J 2023; 53:1054-1057. [PMID: 37294020 DOI: 10.1111/imj.16110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a fastidious, capnophilic and facultative anaerobic Gram-negative rod found commonly in the oral flora of dogs that may cause zoonotic infections such as cellulitis and eye infections. In immunocompromised patients, it may cause fulminant sepsis. Meningitis due to C. canimorsus is, however, a rare manifestation. This is the first reported case of C. canimorsus meningitis in Australia in an immunocompetent veterinarian diagnosed by 16s ribosomal RNA polymerase chain reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng H Lam
- Department of Cardiology, The Prince Charles Hospital, Griffith University School of Medicine, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert Horvath
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Prince Charles Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew Amodeo
- Department of Medicine, Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
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2
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Sardo S, Pes C, Corona A, Laconi G, Crociani C, Caddori P, Luisa Boi M, Finco G. The Great pretender: the first case of septic shock due to Capnocytophaga canimorsus in Sardinia. A Case report and review of the literature. J Public Health Res 2022; 11:22799036221133234. [PMID: 36451937 PMCID: PMC9703562 DOI: 10.1177/22799036221133234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Capnocytophaga canimorsus (C. canimorsus) is an emerging pathogen in critical care. C. canimorsus is a Gram-negative bacillus, commonly isolated as a commensal microorganism of the oral flora of healthy dogs and cats. A 63-year-old woman came to the emergency department with fever, chills, and malaise 2 days after a minor dog bite. After admission to the medicine ward, she developed respiratory failure and livedo reticularis. In the intensive care unit (ICU), she presented full-blown septic shock with thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy, severe acute kidney injury, and liver injury. We describe the first case of septic shock with Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome related to Capnocytophaga canimorsus infection in Sardinia and its treatment in a tertiary hospital ICU. We also review recent literature on the relevance of C. canimorsus in human disease and critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Sardo
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Claudia Pes
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Andrea Corona
- Kantonsspital Graubünden, 7000 Chur, Department ANIR, Intensivmedizin, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Laconi
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Service, Emergency Department, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona FE, Italy
| | - Claudia Crociani
- Azienda Ospedaliera Brotzu, San Michele Hospital, Microbiology, Piazzale Alessandro Ricchi, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pietro Caddori
- Azienda Ospedaliera Brotzu, San Michele Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, Piazzale Alessandro Ricchi, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Boi
- Azienda Ospedaliera Brotzu, San Michele Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, Piazzale Alessandro Ricchi, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gabriele Finco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
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3
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Septic shock caused by Capnocytophaga canimorsus in a patient with heterozygous Pelger-Huët anomaly. Int J Hematol 2022; 116:807-811. [PMID: 35760941 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-022-03400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a Gram-negative bacillus of the commensal flora of dogs and cats that can cause infections in humans through bites, scratches or contact with oral secretions. It can be difficult to identify in clinical microbiology laboratories because of the need for specific culture media. We present the case of a patient with no relevant medical history who was admitted with septic shock, where blood smear examination was crucial for the etiologic diagnosis of Capnocytophaga canimorsus infection. The patient was also diagnosed Pelger-Huët anomaly, a condition causing a defect in neutrophil chemotaxis, which may have contributed to the severity of the infection.
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Rizk MA, Abourizk N, Gadhiya KP, Hansrivijit P, Goldman JD. A Bite So Bad: Septic Shock Due to Capnocytophaga Canimorsus Following a Dog Bite. Cureus 2021; 13:e14668. [PMID: 34055517 PMCID: PMC8144272 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection by Capnocytophaga canimorsus (C. canimorsus), a Gram-negative rod found in the normal oral flora of canine and feline species and transmitted through bites or scratches, is a rare phenomenon. Infections most commonly occur in alcoholics and immunocompromised patients. In this report, we describe the case of a middle-aged male with a history of alcohol abuse who presented with septic shock and multisystem organ failure following a suspected dog bite. The patient was a 59-year-old Caucasian male with alcohol abuse disorder who initially presented with encephalopathy and lethargy. The patient had scratches and multiple healing wounds, with a mottled appearance on his extremities. According to his wife, the patient had been playing aggressively with his dog at home. On admission, he was febrile, tachycardic, and saturating in the 80s on ambient air. His extremities rapidly developed diffuse purpura and dry gangrene of all digits along with the tip of his nose and genitals. The patient developed septic shock and multisystem organ failure. Blood cultures initially grew Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative rods for which broad-spectrum antibiotics were initiated. Follow-up blood cultures were positive for C. canimorsus and the antibiotic regimen was adjusted accordingly. His condition continued to deteriorate. His family opted for comfort measures only and he died soon after. Common sequelae of C. canimorsus infection include septic shock with multisystem organ failure, disseminated purpuric lesions, hypotension, encephalopathy, and acute renal failure. As seen in our patient, C. canimorsus infection should be considered in such patients, particularly if there is a recent history of an animal bite. Prompt initiation of appropriate treatment is essential to improve patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle-Ashley Rizk
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pinnacle, Harrisburg, USA
| | - Nicholas Abourizk
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pinnacle, Harrisburg, USA
| | - Kinjal P Gadhiya
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pinnacle, Harrisburg, USA
| | - Panupong Hansrivijit
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pinnacle, Harrisburg, USA
| | - John D Goldman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pinnacle, Harrisburg, USA
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Barrios CL, Aguirre V, Parra A, Pavletic C, Bustos-López C, Perez S, Urrutia C, Ramirez J, Fatjó J. Systematic Review: Comparison of the Main Variables of Interest in Publications of Canine Bite Accidents in the Written Press, Gray and Scientific Literature in Chile and Spain, between the Years 2013 and 2017. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030893. [PMID: 33800962 PMCID: PMC8004056 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Dog bites are a major public health problem throughout the world. The different types of information sources that exist in relation to this issue are influencing decision making to control and prevent these incidents. For this reason, the present study aims to compare the main variables of interest in the publications of dog bite accidents in the written and grey press and scientific literature in Chile and Spain, between 2013 and 2017. The results showed that sensationalist variables in dog bite articles are reported more frequently in the press literature compared to the indexed and grey literature. Examples of these variables are involvement of potentially dangerous breeds, articles with death reports, among others. In conclusion, an improvement in the quality of the information that reaches the population about dog bites could be achieved through better and more fluid communication between scientists and journalists who publish on this topic. Abstract Dog bites are a major public health problem, with consequences such as physical injury, psychological trauma, transmission of zoonoses, infections, and economic costs. For this reason, it is necessary to develop preventive programs, which require quality information to support the authorities’ decision-making and to raise public awareness about the application of the proposed measures. The objective of this review was to analyze the press, indexed and gray dog bite literature published during the 2013–2017 period. During that period, 385 articles from three sources of information were analyzed: Press literature, scientific literature, and gray literature. Of these, the greatest amount of information corresponding to the context and the aggressor animal was found in the press literature, where it was recorded that the greatest number of records reported in the Chilean articles were caused by potentially dangerous breeds (87.50%), having significant differences with the gray literature (p = 0.030), and in Spain, the greatest number of attacks was also made by potentially dangerous dogs 91.30% (21/23), statistically significant differences with the gray literature (p = 0.002) and with the indexed (p < 0.001). In the case of the scientific and gray literature, the greatest amount of information was found about the victim of the attack and the treatments applied to them. In these cases, the highest percentage of victims included in the reports contained both sexes for the two literatures (44.62% and 87.71%, respectively). Regarding the treatment applied, in the scientific literature in most of the reports, the patients received washings, rabies vaccine, and tetanus vaccine (46.26%) and presented significant differences in Chile with the information contained in the gray literature (p = 0.023), in Spain with the gray (p = 0.017) and with the press (p = 0.023). In conclusion, the press literature differs in multiple variables with the information reported in the scientific literature and, in some cases, with the gray literature. The reason why the material that is being distributed to the population would not coincide in multiple relevant variables in other literature and the representative reality of the problem is the basis for this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Luz Barrios
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba 8580745, Chile; (S.P.); (C.U.); (J.R.)
- Cátedra Fundación Affinity Animales y Salud, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parque de Investigación Biomédica de Barcelona, C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Valentina Aguirre
- Departamento Disciplinario de Ciencias de la Documentación, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Viña del Mar 2360072, Chile;
| | - Alonso Parra
- Oficina de Zoonosis y Control de Vectores, Ministerio de Salud de Chile, Monjitas 565, Oficina 1008, Santiago 8320070, Chile; (A.P.); (C.P.)
| | - Carlos Pavletic
- Oficina de Zoonosis y Control de Vectores, Ministerio de Salud de Chile, Monjitas 565, Oficina 1008, Santiago 8320070, Chile; (A.P.); (C.P.)
| | - Carlos Bustos-López
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Av. Ejército Libertador 146, Santiago 8320000, Chile;
| | - Sandra Perez
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba 8580745, Chile; (S.P.); (C.U.); (J.R.)
| | - Carla Urrutia
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba 8580745, Chile; (S.P.); (C.U.); (J.R.)
| | - Josefa Ramirez
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba 8580745, Chile; (S.P.); (C.U.); (J.R.)
| | - Jaume Fatjó
- Cátedra Fundación Affinity Animales y Salud, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parque de Investigación Biomédica de Barcelona, C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
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Barrios CL, Bustos-López C, Pavletic C, Parra A, Vidal M, Bowen J, Fatjó J. Epidemiology of Dog Bite Incidents in Chile: Factors Related to the Patterns of Human-Dog Relationship. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:E96. [PMID: 33419043 PMCID: PMC7825333 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dog bites are one of the main public health problems. They produce important consequences for those who suffer them (physical and psychological injuries, secondary infections, sequelae, risk of transmission of zoonoses and surgeries, among others). The objective of this study was to characterize epidemiologically the incidents of bites in Chile and the patterns of human-dog relationship involved. The records analyzed in this article were obtained from bitten patients who attended the main public health facilities in Chile during the period 17 September 2017 and 17 September 2018: In the period studied, 17,299 animal bites were recorded; however, only 7220 (41.74%) cases were analyzed in which the offending species could be identified. Of the bites analyzed, 6533 were caused by dogs (90.48%). Of these, 41.05% were caused by medium-sized dogs. Most bites were caused by dogs of mixed breeds (55.99%), followed by dogs of the German Shepherd breed (8.50%). Most of the dogs that bit were known to the victim (99.95%) and most of the attacks occurred indoors (57.48%). Although dog bite records have improved in Chile, it would be useful to also include background information on the context in which the incident occurred, which would be very useful for developing effective bite prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Luz Barrios
- Cátedra Fundación Affinity Animales y Salud, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Parque de Investigación Biomédica de Barcelona, C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Región Metropolitana 8580745, Chile;
| | - Carlos Bustos-López
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile, Av. Ejército Libertador 146, Santiago, Región Metropolitana 8320000, Chile;
| | - Carlos Pavletic
- Departamento de Zoonosis y Vectores, Ministerio de Salud, Enrique Mac Iver 541, Santiago, Región Metropolitana 8320064, Chile; (C.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Alonso Parra
- Departamento de Zoonosis y Vectores, Ministerio de Salud, Enrique Mac Iver 541, Santiago, Región Metropolitana 8320064, Chile; (C.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Macarena Vidal
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Región Metropolitana 8580745, Chile;
| | - Jonathan Bowen
- Queen Mother Hospital for Small Animals, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK;
| | - Jaume Fatjó
- Cátedra Fundación Affinity Animales y Salud, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Parque de Investigación Biomédica de Barcelona, C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
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Reyneke M, Voll J, Morgan M. Canine catastrophe. ANZ J Surg 2020; 90:1522-1523. [PMID: 32034932 DOI: 10.1111/ans.15630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marizanne Reyneke
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Tauranga Hospital, Bay of Plenty DHB, New Zealand
| | - Jessika Voll
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Tauranga Hospital, Bay of Plenty DHB, New Zealand
| | - Mark Morgan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Tauranga Hospital, Bay of Plenty DHB, New Zealand
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Mader N, Lührs F, Langenbeck M, Herget-Rosenthal S. Capnocytophaga canimorsus - a potent pathogen in immunocompetent humans - systematic review and retrospective observational study of case reports. Infect Dis (Lond) 2019; 52:65-74. [PMID: 31709860 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2019.1687933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Severe and fatal Capnocytophaga canimorsus infection has been described in immunocompromised patients. Data of C. canimorsus infection in immunocompetent and risk factors of severe courses are missing. Our aims were to describe the epidemiology of C. canimorsus infection and to identify potential risk factors of sepsis and fatal outcome.Methods: Observational study and systematic review of all cases reported in immunocompetent subjects between 2002 and 2019.Results: A total of 128 cases of C. canimorsus infection in immunocompetent individuals were reported. Male gender comprised 74.2%, the median age was 58 years and 47.7% were admitted with sepsis. Case-fatality rate was 29.7% and especially high in septic patients (55.7%). Transmission by bite (OR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.05-6.52) and incubation time ≤3 d (OR = 7.98; 95% CI: 2.33-27.34) were identified as risk factors of sepsis on admission, and early wound cleansing as protective (OR = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.14-0.96). Sepsis (OR = 23.67; 95% CI: 2.85-197.89) and septic shock (OR = 45.50; 95% CI: 3.08-676.55) were risk factors of fatal outcome, whereas early wound cleansing (OR = 0.05; 95% CI: 0.01-0.72), initial penicillin therapy with beta-lactamase inhibitors (OR = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.16-0.92) and surgical removal of infectious focus (OR = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.06-0.95) were protective factors.Conclusions: Immunocompetent patients with C. canimorsus infection frequently develop sepsis. A shorter incubation period in cases of sepsis might be related to higher infectious dose. Fatal outcome may be prevented by early wound cleansing, initial use of penicillins in combination with beta-lactamase inhibitors and surgical removal of an infectious focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Mader
- Department of Medicine, Rotes Kreuz Krankenhaus, Bremen, Germany
| | - Fabian Lührs
- Department of Medicine, Rotes Kreuz Krankenhaus, Bremen, Germany
| | - Martin Langenbeck
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Rotes Kreuz Krankenhaus, Bremen, Germany
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Klifto KM, Gurno CF, Grzelak MJ, Seal SM, Asif M, Hultman CS, Caffrey JA. Surgical outcomes in adults with purpura fulminans: a systematic review and patient-level meta-synthesis. BURNS & TRAUMA 2019; 7:30. [PMID: 31641673 PMCID: PMC6798408 DOI: 10.1186/s41038-019-0168-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Cutaneous manifestations of purpura fulminans (PF) present many challenges for clinicians and surgeons. In a state of septic shock complicated by limb ischemia, surgical interventions are necessary to control the pathological cascade and improve patient outcomes. The objective of this article was to report etiologies and surgical outcomes associated with cutaneous manifestations in adults. Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis compared 190 adult patients with etiologies, signs and symptoms, and surgical outcomes associated with cutaneous manifestations of PF. The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were systematically and independently searched. Patient and clinical characteristics, surgical interventions, outcomes, and complications were recorded. Results Seventy-nine studies were eligible for the systematic review, and 77 were eligible for meta-analysis using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) and Cochrane guidelines. A total of 71/190 (38%) cases reported surgical debridement. Fasciotomies were reported in 12/190 (6%) cases and 20 procedures. Amputations were reported in 154/190 (81%) cases. Reconstruction was reported in 45 cases. Skin grafts were applied in 31 cases. Flaps were used for reconstruction in 28 cases. Median (IQR) surgical procedures per patient were 4 (4, 5) procedures. Infectious organisms causing PF were 32% Neisseria meningitidis (n = 55) and 32% Streptococcus pneumonia (n = 55). Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (95% confidence interval (CI)(8.2-177.9), p = 0.032), Haemophilus influenza (95%CI (7.2-133), p = 0.029), Streptococcus pneumonia (95% CI (13.3-75.9), p = 0.006), and West Nile Virus (95%CI (8.2-177.9), p = 0.032) were associated with significantly more extensive amputations compared to other organisms. Conclusion This systematic review and patient-level meta-analysis found the most common presentation of PF was septic shock from an infectious organism. Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumonia were equally the most common organisms associated with PF. The majority of cases were not treated in a burn center. The most common surgeries were amputations, with below-the-knee-amputations being the most common procedure. Skin grafting was the most commonly performed reconstructive procedure. The most common complications were secondary infections. Organisms with significantly more extensive amputations were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Haemophilus influenza, Streptococcus pneumonia, and West Nile Virus. Interpretation of findings should be cautioned due to limited sample data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Klifto
- 1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA.,Johns Hopkins Burn Center, 4940 Eastern Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Caresse F Gurno
- 2The Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Michael J Grzelak
- 1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Stella M Seal
- 3Welch Medical Library, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Mohammed Asif
- 1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA.,Johns Hopkins Burn Center, 4940 Eastern Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - C Scott Hultman
- 1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA.,Johns Hopkins Burn Center, 4940 Eastern Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Julie A Caffrey
- 1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA.,Johns Hopkins Burn Center, 4940 Eastern Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
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Ahmad S, Yousaf A, Inayat F, Anjum S. Capnocytophaga canimorsus-associated sepsis presenting as acute abdomen: do we need to think outside the box? BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/3/e228167. [PMID: 30872342 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-228167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a commensal bacterium commonly found in the oral cavity of dogs and cats. Although this organism rarely causes infection, prompt diagnosis is crucial for survival of these patients. Several unusual clinical presentations of this infection have been reported in the published medical literature. The present report represents the first case of C. canimorsus-related sepsis presenting with symptoms of acute abdomen in a patient with no known history of immunodeficiency. Prompt aggressive care and appropriate antibiotic therapy resulted in a successful clinical outcome with no long-term morbidity. This paper illustrates that clinicians should include this infectious aetiology among the differentials of patients presenting with acute abdomen, regardless of their immune status. Additionally, this paper outlines our current understanding of the epidemiology of and risk factors for C. canimorsus-associated sepsis, the pathophysiology of this disorder, and currently available approaches to diagnosis and management.
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11
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Purpura Fulminans and Septic Shock due to Capnocytophaga Canimorsus after Dog Bite: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Case Rep Crit Care 2018; 2018:7090268. [PMID: 30225149 PMCID: PMC6129343 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7090268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary infection by Capnocytophaga canimorsus after dog bite is rare but may be difficult to identify and rapidly lethal. We describe a case of fatal septic shock with fulminant purpura occurred in a patient without specific risk factor two days after an irrelevant dog bite. The patient was brought to hospital because of altered mental status, fever, and abdominal pain. In a few hours patient became hypoxic and cyanotic. The patient became extremely hypotensive with shock refractory to an aggressive fluid resuscitation (40 ml/kg crystalloids). She received vasoactive drugs, antibiotic therapy, and blood purification treatment, but cardiac arrest unresponsive to resuscitation maneuvers occurred. Case description and literature review demonstrated that, also in patients without specific risk factors, signs of infection after dog bite should be never underestimated and should be treated with a prompt antibiotic therapy initiation even before occurrence of organ dysfunction.
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Abstract
We report on the case of a 49-year-old man who presented with increasing dyspnea and a skin rash. The community-acquired pneumonia was initially treated with broad spectrum antibiotics. The patient's respiratory condition rapidly worsened and the clinical picture of Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome developed with disseminated intravasal coagulopathy and necrosis of the toes. An infection with Capnocytophaga canimorsus, which had been caused by an initially unmentioned dog bite was confirmed. In view of the fulminant course and the high risk of operative treatment of the ubiquitous necroses in all limbs, a joint decision for deescalation of therapy was made together with relatives. The patient died 14 days after admission to hospital.
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