1
|
Hasan Aneem T, Sarker M, Wong SY, Lim S, Li X, Rashed A, Chakravarty S, Arafat MT. Antimicrobial peptide immobilization on catechol-functionalized PCL/alginate wet-spun fibers to combat surgical site infection. J Mater Chem B 2024. [PMID: 38958038 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00889h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Surgical site infection (SSI) caused by pathogenic bacteria leads to delayed wound healing and extended hospitalization. Inappropriate uses of antibiotics have caused a surge in SSI and common antibiotics are proving to be ineffective against SSI. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can be a potential solution to prevent SSI because of their broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities. In this study, naturally sourced AMPs were studied along with microfibers, fabricated by a novel wet-spinning method using sodium alginate and polycaprolactone. Afterward, fibers were functionalized by the catechol groups of dopamine immobilizing nucleophilic AMPs on the surface. Conjugation between PCL and alginate resulted in fibers with smooth surfaces improving their mechanical strength via hydrogen bonds. Having an average diameter of 220 μm, the mechanical properties of the fiber complied with USP standards for suture size 3-0. Engineered microfibers were able to hinder the growth of Proteus spp., a pathogenic bacterium for at least 60 hours whereas antibiotic ceftazidime failed. When subjected to a linear incisional wound model study, accelerated healing was observed when the wound was closed using the engineered fiber compared to Vicryl. The microfibers promoted faster re-epithelialization compared to Vicryl proving their higher wound healing capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taufiq Hasan Aneem
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.
| | - Mridul Sarker
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457, Singapore
| | - Siew Yee Wong
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Sierin Lim
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457, Singapore
| | - Xu Li
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, 138634, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Asif Rashed
- Department of Microbiology, Mugda Medical College, Dhaka-1214, Bangladesh
| | - Saumitra Chakravarty
- Department of Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - M Tarik Arafat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Monroy Caltzonci D, Rasu Chettiar AD, Ibarra VC, Marasamy L, Loredo-Tovías M, Acosta-Torres LS, Manisekaran R. Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Effect of Positively Charged Nanosilver-Coated Silk Sutures. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:17636-17645. [PMID: 38645349 PMCID: PMC11025086 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Sutures are a crucial component of surgical procedures, serving to close and stabilize wound margins to promote healing. However, microbial contamination of sutures can increase the risk of surgical site infections (SSI) due to colonization by pathogens. This study aimed to tackle SSI by synthesizing positively charged silver nanoparticles (P-AgNPs) and using them to produce antimicrobial sutures. The P-AgNPs were reduced and stabilized using polyethylenimine (PEI), a cationic branched polymer. The physiochemical characteristics of P-AgNPs were confirmed from the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 419 nm, spherical morphology with a particle size range of 8-10 nm, PEI functional groups on NPs, a hydrodynamic diameter of 12.3 ± 2.4 nm, and a zeta potential of 31.3 ± 6 mV. Subsequently, the surfaces of silk sutures were impregnated with P-AgNPs at different time intervals (24, 48, and 96 h) using an ex situ method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and tensile strength studies were conducted to determine the coating and durability of the NP-coated sutures. The NPs were quantified on sutures using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometry (ICP-OES), which was in the range of 1-5 μg. Primarily, antimicrobial activity was studied using three microorganisms (Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans, and Staphylococcus aureus) for both P-AgNPs and suture-coated P-AgNPs using the agar diffusion method. The results showed that only the NPs and NP-coated sutures exhibited enhanced antimicrobial effects against bacteria and fungi. Finally, the cytotoxicity of the sutures was investigated using stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) for 24 h, which exhibited more than 75% cell viability. Overall, the results indicate that NP-coated sutures can potentially be used as antimicrobial sutures to diminish or inhibit SSI in postoperative or general surgery patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego
Antonio Monroy Caltzonci
- Interdisciplinary
Research Laboratory (LII), Nanostructures and Biomaterials Area, Escuela
Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Predio el Saucillo y el Potrero,
Comunidad de los Tepetates, 37689 León, Mexico
| | - Aruna-Devi Rasu Chettiar
- Facultad
de Química, Materiales-Energía, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, 76010 Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Verónica Campos Ibarra
- Interdisciplinary
Research Laboratory (LII), Nanostructures and Biomaterials Area, Escuela
Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Predio el Saucillo y el Potrero,
Comunidad de los Tepetates, 37689 León, Mexico
| | - Latha Marasamy
- Facultad
de Química, Materiales-Energía, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, 76010 Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Marcos Loredo-Tovías
- Área
de Ciencias de la Tierra, Facultad de Ingeniería,UASLP, Av. Manuel Nava no.8, Zona Universitaria, 78290 San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Laura Susana Acosta-Torres
- Interdisciplinary
Research Laboratory (LII), Nanostructures and Biomaterials Area, Escuela
Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Predio el Saucillo y el Potrero,
Comunidad de los Tepetates, 37689 León, Mexico
| | - Ravichandran Manisekaran
- Interdisciplinary
Research Laboratory (LII), Nanostructures and Biomaterials Area, Escuela
Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Predio el Saucillo y el Potrero,
Comunidad de los Tepetates, 37689 León, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Naser MA, Sayed AM, Abdelmoez W, El-Wakad MT, Abdo MS. Biodegradable suture development-based albumin composites for tissue engineering applications. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7912. [PMID: 38575715 PMCID: PMC10995150 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58194-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in the field of biomedical engineering have underscored the pivotal role of biodegradable materials in addressing the challenges associated with tissue regeneration therapies. The spectrum of biodegradable materials presently encompasses ceramics, polymers, metals, and composites, each offering distinct advantages for the replacement or repair of compromised human tissues. Despite their utility, these biomaterials are not devoid of limitations, with issues such as suboptimal tissue integration, potential cytotoxicity, and mechanical mismatch (stress shielding) emerging as significant concerns. To mitigate these drawbacks, our research collective has embarked on the development of protein-based composite materials, showcasing enhanced biodegradability and biocompatibility. This study is dedicated to the elaboration and characterization of an innovative suture fabricated from human serum albumin through an extrusion methodology. Employing a suite of analytical techniques-namely tensile testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA)-we endeavored to elucidate the physicochemical attributes of the engineered suture. Additionally, the investigation extends to assessing the influence of integrating biodegradable organic modifiers on the suture's mechanical performance. Preliminary tensile testing has delineated the mechanical profile of the Filament Suture (FS), delineating tensile strengths spanning 1.3 to 9.616 MPa and elongation at break percentages ranging from 11.5 to 146.64%. These findings illuminate the mechanical versatility of the suture, hinting at its applicability across a broad spectrum of medical interventions. Subsequent analyses via SEM and TGA are anticipated to further delineate the suture's morphological features and thermal resilience, thereby enriching our comprehension of its overall performance characteristics. Moreover, the investigation delves into the ramifications of incorporating biodegradable organic constituents on the suture's mechanical integrity. Collectively, the study not only sheds light on the mechanical and thermal dynamics of a novel suture material derived from human serum albumin but also explores the prospective enhancements afforded by the amalgamation of biodegradable organic compounds, thereby broadening the horizon for future biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Naser
- Faculty of Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Department, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
- Faculty of Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Department, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Faculty of Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Department, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt.
- EECS Department, MSOE University, Milwaukee, United States.
| | - Wael Abdelmoez
- Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Tarek El-Wakad
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University Egypt, Fifth Settlement, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Abdo
- Faculty of Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Department, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Park E, Jang TS, Kim JK. Evaluation of Physical Properties of Coated Polydioxanone Threads. Dermatol Surg 2024; 50:360-365. [PMID: 38318968 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000004074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using a thread for wound closure promotes healing and minimizes contamination by foreign substances. Threads have also been employed in esthetic surgery; however, functional threads that can improve wrinkles and rejuvenate the skin are required. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the suitability of polydioxanone threads coated with polyethylene glycol, hyaluronic acid, and amino acids for use in the medical field because such formulations are expected to promote regeneration and collagen synthesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Physical properties (diameter [ n = 20], tensile strength [ n = 20], strength retention rate [ n = 10], and scanning electron microscopy images) and cytotoxicity (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and lactate dehydrogenase assays) of polydioxanone threads coated with polyethylene glycol, hyaluronic acid, and amino acids were assessed and compared with those of uncoated polydioxanone threads. Analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics (Statistical significance; p values <.05). RESULTS The size standards for tensile strength (≥63.5 N) and diameter (average 0.570-0.610 mm) were met. There were no differences in the physical properties of the coated and uncoated threads; however, the biocompatibility of coated threads was high owing to low cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION Threads coated with materials that can promote regeneration are suitable for use in the medical field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- EunJi Park
- Department of Medical Laser, Graduate School of Medicine, Dankook University, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Tae Su Jang
- Department of Health Administration, College of Health and Welfare, Dankook University, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health and Welfare, Dankook University, Chungnam, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kourouklis AP, Kaemmel J, Wu X, Baños M, Chanfon A, de Brot S, Ferrari A, Cesarovic N, Falk V, Mazza E. Transdermal wires for improved integration in vivo. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 153:213568. [PMID: 37591177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Alternative engineering approaches have led the design of implants with controlled physical features to minimize adverse effects in biological tissues. Similar efforts have focused on optimizing the design features of percutaneous VAD drivelines with the aim to prevent infection, omitting however a thorough look on the implant-skin interactions that govern local tissue reactions. Here, we utilized an integrated approach for the biophysical modification of transdermal implants and their evaluation by chronic sheep implantation in comparison to the standard of care VAD drivelines. We developed a novel method for the transfer of breath topographical features on thin wires with modular size. We examined the impact of implant's diameter, surface topography, and chemistry on macroscopic, histological, and physical markers of inflammation, fibrosis, and mechanical adhesion. All implants demonstrated infection-free performance. The fibrotic response was enhanced by the increasing diameter of implants but not influenced by their surface properties. The implants of small diameter promoted mild inflammatory responses with improved mechanical adhesion and restricted epidermal downgrowth, in both silicone and polyurethane coated transdermal wires. On the contrary, the VAD drivelines with larger diameter triggered severe inflammatory reactions with frequent epidermal downgrowth. We validated these effects by quantifying the infiltration of macrophages and the level of vascularization in the fibrotic zone, highlighting the critical role of size reduction for the benign integration of transdermal implants with skin. This insight on how the biophysical properties of implants impact local tissue reactions could enable new solutions on the transdermal transmission of power, signal, and mass in a broad range of medical devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas P Kourouklis
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julius Kaemmel
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Xi Wu
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miguel Baños
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Astrid Chanfon
- COMPATH, Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simone de Brot
- COMPATH, Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Aldo Ferrari
- EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Nikola Cesarovic
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Volkmar Falk
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Mazza
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Holbert SE, Brown C, Baxter S, Johnson AH, Gelfand J, Shushan A, Turcotte JJ, Jones C. Absorbable Sutures and Telemedicine for Patients Undergoing Trigger Finger Release. Cureus 2023; 15:e42486. [PMID: 37637594 PMCID: PMC10452930 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic, the development of care processes that reduce the need for in-person clinic visits while maintaining low complication rates is needed. The purpose of this study is to assess the outcomes of patients undergoing trigger finger release with various suture and follow-up visit types to assess the feasibility of shifting towards telemedicine-based follow-up protocols. Methods A retrospective review of 329 patients undergoing trigger finger release was performed. Patients were classified based on whether or not they received in-office follow-ups; whether they received absorbable or non-absorbable sutures; and whether they were treated using a telemedicine and absorbable suture protocol or other combination of sutures and follow-ups. Univariate statistics were performed to compare outcomes between groups. Results Patients who did not undergo in-office follow-up were more likely to experience residual stiffness or contracture (11.4% vs. 4.1%; p=0.033) but had no significant differences in 30-day reoperation, emergency department (ED) returns, wound complaints, and Quick DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand) scores. When comparing chromic absorbable sutures to non-absorbable sutures, those with absorbable sutures were significantly more likely to have telemedicine visits but were also more likely to have wound complaints (17.9% vs. 8.5%; p=0.022). There was no significant difference in two- and six-week pain scores, 30-day reoperation, ED returns, residual symptoms, and Quick DASH scores. When comparing patients treated using the absorbable suture and telemedicine protocol with those receiving any other type of suture and postoperative follow-up, no significant differences in any postoperative clinical outcome measures were observed. Conclusion The results of this study demonstrate that the use of an absorbable suture and telemedicine protocol for patients undergoing trigger finger release yields similar outcomes as traditional methods of care. However, the use of absorbable sutures may result in decreased patient satisfaction with surgical wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cameron Brown
- Orthopedic Research, Anne Arundel Medical Center, Annapolis, USA
| | | | | | - Jeffrey Gelfand
- Orthopedic Surgery, Anne Arundel Medical Center, Annapolis, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Expert Opinion on Non-Surgical Eyebrow Lifting and Shaping Procedures. COSMETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics9060116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Eyebrow elevation and reshaping are common concerns that we handle in everyday practice, and we have noticed that the trend is shifting from a medical concern to a cosmetic one. Several eyebrow lift methods are available, both invasive and non-surgical. The method of choice depends on several factors, such as patient expectations and beliefs, financial budget, acceptance of downtime and the available tools in the practice. In this article, we review the recent literature on non-surgical eyebrow lift methods to provide an overview of the current state of this field. We discuss seven different methods for eyebrow lift and reshaping, including botulinum toxin, dermal fillers, fractional radiofrequency, high-intensity focused ultrasound, thermo-mechanical ablation, lasers, and threads. Moreover, we provide practical insight into the procedure, injection techniques, expected results, and patient satisfaction rate.
Collapse
|
8
|
Polykandriotis E, Daenicke J, Bolat A, Grüner J, Schubert DW, Horch RE. Individualized Wound Closure-Mechanical Properties of Suture Materials. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12071041. [PMID: 35887538 PMCID: PMC9316899 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12071041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound closure is a key element of any procedure, especially aesthetic and reconstructive plastic surgery. Therefore, over the last decades, several devices have been developed in order to assist surgeons in achieving better results while saving valuable time. In this work, we give a concise review of the literature and present a biomechanical study of different suturing materials under mechanical load mimicking handling in the operating theatre. Nine different suture products, all of the same USP size (4-0), were subjected to a standardized crushing load by means of a needle holder. All materials were subjected to 0, 1, 3 and 5 crushing load cycles, respectively. The linear tensile strength was measured by means of a universal testing device. Attenuation of tensile strength was evaluated between materials and between crush cycles. In the pooled analysis, the linear tensile strength of the suture materials deteriorated significantly with every cycle (p < 0.0001). The suture materials displayed different initial tensile strengths (in descending order: polyglecaprone, polyglactin, polydioxanone, polyamid, polypropylene). In comparison, materials performed variably in terms of resistance to crush loading. The findings were statistically significant. The reconstructive surgeon has to be flexible and tailor wound closure techniques and materials to the individual patient, procedure and tissue demands; therefore, profound knowledge of the physical properties of the suture strands used is of paramount importance. The crushing load on suture materials during surgery can be detrimental for initial and long-term wound repair strength. As well as the standard wound closure methods (sutures, staples and adhesive strips), there are promising novel devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elias Polykandriotis
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Microsurgery, Sana Hospital Hof, 95032 Hof, Germany
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Erlangen Medical Center, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.G.); (R.E.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-15161-068069
| | - Jonas Daenicke
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.D.); (D.W.S.)
| | - Anil Bolat
- Department of Orthopedics, Theresien Hospital, 90491 Nürnberg, Germany;
| | - Jasmin Grüner
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Erlangen Medical Center, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.G.); (R.E.H.)
| | - Dirk W. Schubert
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.D.); (D.W.S.)
| | - Raymund E. Horch
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Erlangen Medical Center, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.G.); (R.E.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xu L, Liu Y, Zhou W, Yu D. Electrospun Medical Sutures for Wound Healing: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091637. [PMID: 35566807 PMCID: PMC9105379 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing demand for wound healing around the world, the level of medical equipment is also increasing, but sutures are still the preferred medical equipment for medical personnel to solve wound closures. Compared with the traditional sutures, the nanofiber sutures produced by combining the preparation technology of drug-eluting sutures have greatly improved both mechanical properties and biological properties. Electrospinning technology has attracted more attention as one of the most convenient and simple methods for preparing functional nanofibers and the related sutures. This review firstly discusses the structural classification of sutures and the performance analysis affecting the manufacture and use of sutures, followed by the discussion and classification of electrospinning technology, and then summarizes the relevant research on absorbable and non-absorbable sutures. Finally, several common polymers and biologically active substances used in creating sutures are concluded, the related applications of sutures are discussed, and the future prospects of electrospinning sutures are suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (L.X.); (W.Z.)
| | - Yanan Liu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (L.X.); (W.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (D.Y.)
| | - Wenhui Zhou
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (L.X.); (W.Z.)
| | - Dengguang Yu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (L.X.); (W.Z.)
- Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center for High-Performance Medical Device Materials, Shanghai 200093, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (D.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|