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Wang B, Zuo J, Kang W, Wei Q, Li J, Wang C, Liu Z, Lu Y, Zhuang Y, Dang B, Liu Q, Kang W, Sun Y. Generation of Hutat2:Fc Knockin Primary Human Monocytes Using CRISPR/Cas9. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 11:130-141. [PMID: 29858049 PMCID: PMC5992333 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The ability of monocytes to travel through the bloodstream, traverse tissue barriers, and aggregate at disease sites endows these cells with the attractive potential to carry therapeutic genes into the nervous system. However, gene editing in primary human monocytes has long been a challenge. Here, we applied the CRISPR/Cas9 system to deliver the large functional Hutat2:Fc DNA fragment into the genome of primary monocytes to neutralize HIV-1 transactivator of transcription (Tat), an essential neurotoxic factor that causes HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) in the nervous system. Following homology-directed repair (HDR), ∼10% of the primary human monocytes exhibited knockin of the Hutat2:Fc gene in the AAVS1 locus, the "safe harbor" locus of the human genome, without selection. Importantly, the release of Hutat2:Fc by these modified monocytes protected neurons from Tat-induced neurotoxicity, reduced HIV replication, and restored T cell homeostasis. Moreover, compared with lentiviral transfection, CRISPR-mediated knockin had the advantage of maintaining the migrating function of monocytes. These results establish CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Hutat2:Fc knockin monocytes and provide a potential method to cross the blood-brain barrier for HAND therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Jiahui Zuo
- Clinical Laboratory, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Wenzhen Kang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Qianqi Wei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Chunfu Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Yuanan Lu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 1960 East-west Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Bianli Dang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Wen Kang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China; Department of Public Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 1960 East-west Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | - Yongtao Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China.
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Zhu M, Xu W, Su H, Huang Q, Wang B. Addition of CpG ODN and Poly (I:C) to a standard maturation cocktail generates monocyte-derived dendritic cells and induces a potent Th1 polarization with migratory capacity. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 11:1596-605. [PMID: 26039883 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1046659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) are used as immunoadjuvant cells in cancer vaccines and have made great progress. However, an optimal DCs subset is vital for this treatment effect, the current 'gold standard' cytokine cocktail DCs have a shortcoming in their cytokines secretion, especially IL-12p70, mainly because of the existence of PGE2. Therefore, it is necessary to find an appropriate DCs-based immunotherapeutic protocol. In this study, we compared a novel 'improved' maturation cytokine cocktail with the current 'gold standard' maturation cytokine cocktail used for generating standard DCs. The 'improved' maturation cytokine cocktail DCs showed a higher levels surface markers expression (CD80, CD83, CD86 and HLA-DR), the chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR7 and chemokine CCL19, CCL21 and CXCL21, whereas CCR5 expression was reduced. Most importantly, in contrast to 'gold standard' DCs, which secrete little IL-12p70 and as a result induce mainly Th2 immunity, 'improved' cytokine cocktail DCs secreted higher levels IL-12p70 and also secreted similar concentration IL-10. To removal of PGE2 from the 'improved' DCs did increase the IL-12p70 production. In conclusion, we here present the 'improved' DCs, as an optimal maturation cocktail protocol, can induce high migratory potential, generate immunostimulatory DCs, produce higher levels IL-12p70 with superior capacity to induce Th1 immunity, when compared with the 'gold standard' DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhu
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine ; Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University ; Hefei , Anhui , China
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3
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Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are unique antigen-presenting cells that initiate and orchestrate adaptive immunity. Theoretically, cancer cells that express tumor-specific antigens can be destroyed by cytotoxic T cells. However, inherent antitumor responses are often not efficient, since tumor cells can mask their antigens and do not activate DC, an event required for the development of tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell responses. Over a decade ago, the ex vivo preparation of autologous tumor antigen-loaded monocyte-derived DC vaccines as a novel potent anticancer strategy was launched. Phase I and II trials have been performed employing this strategy to treat several malignancies, such as B cell lymphoma, myeloma, melanoma, prostate, colon, ovarian, pancreatic, breast cancer, and renal cell carcinoma. So far, DC immunotherapy is well tolerated with little side or toxic effects. An issue of concern is the way DC are loaded with tumor antigens. An effective strategy is the loading of DC with tumor antigen through electroporation with tumor RNA. In this chapter, a comprehensive description of a protocol for loading of ex vivo-derived DC with total tumor RNA through electroporation is provided.
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Wang Y, Wang S, Ding Y, Ye Y, Xu Y, He H, Li Q, Mi Y, Guo C, Lin Z, Liu T, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Yan J. A suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 antagonist enhances antigen-presenting capacity and tumor cell antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses by human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2013; 20:1449-56. [PMID: 23885028 PMCID: PMC3889590 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00130-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) has emerged as a critical inhibitory molecule for controlling the cytokine response and antigen presentation by dendritic cells (DCs), thereby regulating the magnitude of both innate and adaptive immunity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the SOCS1 antagonist pJAK2(1001-1013) peptide can weaken or block the inhibition function of SOCS1 in DCs by evaluating the phenotype and cytokine production, antigen-presenting, and specific T-cell-activating capacities of DCs electroporated with human gastric cancer cell total RNA. Furthermore, STAT1 activation of the JAK/STAT signal pathway mediated by SOCS1 was analyzed by Western blotting. The results demonstrate that the SOCS1 antagonist pJAK2(1001-1013) peptide upregulated the expression of the maturation marker (CD83) and costimulatory molecule (CD86) of RNA-electroporated human monocyte-derived mature DCs (mDCs), potentiated the capacity of mDCs to induce T-cell proliferation, stimulated the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, and enhanced the cytotoxicity of tumor cell antigen-specific CTLs activated by human gastric cancer cell total RNA-electroporated mDCs. Data from Western blot analysis indicate that STAT1 was further activated in pJAK2(1001-1013) peptide-loaded mDCs. These results imply that the SOCS1 antagonist pJAK2(1001-1013) peptide is an effective reagent for the enhancement of antigen-specific antitumor immunity by DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Wang
- Department of Oncology, 174th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Affiliated Chenggong Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyu Wang
- Cancer Research Center, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Ding
- Department of Oncology, 174th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Affiliated Chenggong Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Ye
- Department of Oncology, 174th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Affiliated Chenggong Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingyi Xu
- Department of Oncology, 174th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Affiliated Chenggong Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huixiang He
- Department of Oncology, 174th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Affiliated Chenggong Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaozhen Li
- Department of Oncology, 174th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Affiliated Chenggong Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjun Mi
- Department of Oncology, 174th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Affiliated Chenggong Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhua Guo
- Department of Oncology, 174th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Affiliated Chenggong Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhicai Lin
- Department of Oncology, 174th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Affiliated Chenggong Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Oncology, 174th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Affiliated Chenggong Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaya Zhang
- Department of Oncology, 174th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Affiliated Chenggong Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqiang Chen
- Department of Oncology, 174th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Affiliated Chenggong Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghua Yan
- Cancer Research Center, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
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Son CH, Bae JH, Shin DY, Lee HR, Choi YH, Yang K, Park YS. Enhanced maturation and function of dendritic cells using hydrogel coated plate and antigen electroporation. Immunol Invest 2013; 42:341-55. [PMID: 23509890 DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2012.757234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells that can be matured in vitro from immature dendritic cells (iDCs) in the presence of several biological agents such as cytokine cocktail, CD40L, TNF-a and antigen loading, which are necessary and achieved using various protocols, such as lipofection, passive pulse or electroporation. However, these DCs maturation protocols may cause with a significant loss of cells because of cellular attachment and spreading during culturing. Some biomaterials that influence adhesion and development of cells have been used in cell culture techniques, and it was thought that they might be applied on the culture of DCs. In this study, we used polyHEMA, which is a hydrogel coating biomaterial that prevents DCs from adherence, and investigated whether hydrogel coating affects the maturation of iDCs. The efficiency in the generation of mDCs was improved through hydrogel coating procedure and a dendritic cell maturation marker, CD83, was significantly increased in hydrogel-coated culture condition. The antigen-loaded mDCs from electroporation were further expressed the CD83. The mDCs generated in the hydrogel-coated culture condition showed more, longer and thicker dendrites, and produced more amounts of cytokines such as IL-12 and IFN-γ. Therefore, it was suggested that the hydrogel-coated culture condition could improve function of mDCs. Cheol-Hun Son and Jae-Ho Bae contributed equally to this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol-Hun Son
- Department of Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Busan 619-953, South Korea
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Lampen MH, Verweij MC, Querido B, van der Burg SH, Wiertz EJHJ, van Hall T. CD8+ T cell responses against TAP-inhibited cells are readily detected in the human population. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:6508-17. [PMID: 20980626 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Target cell recognition by CTLs depends on the presentation of peptides by HLA class I molecules. Tumors and herpes viruses have adopted strategies to greatly hamper this peptide presentation at the important bottleneck, the peptide transporter TAP. Previously, we described the existence of a CD8(+) CTL subpopulation that selectively recognizes such TAP-deficient cells in mouse models. In this study, we show that the human counterpart of this CTL subset is readily detectable in healthy subjects. Autologous PBMC cultures were initiated with dendritic cells rendered TAP-impaired by gene transfer of the viral evasion molecule UL49.5. Strikingly, specific reactivity to B-LCLs expressing one of the other viral TAP-inhibitors (US6, ICP47, or BNLF2a) was already observed after three rounds of stimulation. These short-term T cell cultures and isolated CD8(+) CTL clones derived thereof did not recognize the normal B-LCL, indicating that the cognate peptide-epitopes emerge at the cell surface upon an inhibition in the MHC class I processing pathway. A diverse set of TCRs was used by the clones, and the cellular reactivity was TCR-dependent and HLA class I-restricted, implying the involvement of a broad antigenic peptide repertoire. Our data indicate that the human CD8(+) T cell pool comprises a diverse reactivity to target cells with impairments in the intracellular processing pathway, and these might be exploited for cancers that are associated with such defects and for infections with immune-evading herpes viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit H Lampen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Milano F, Guarriera M, Rygiel AM, Krishnadath KK. Trastuzumab mediated T-cell response against HER-2/neu overexpressing esophageal adenocarcinoma depends on intact antigen processing machinery. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12424. [PMID: 20865050 PMCID: PMC2928738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a highly aggressive disease with poor prognosis, which frequently exhibits HER-2 gene amplification. Trastuzumab, the humanized antibody against HER-2, has potent growth inhibitory effects on HER-2 overexpressing cancers. One effect of trastuzumab is that it causes HER-2 receptor internalization and degradation, enhancing presentation of HER-2 epitopes on MHC-Class I molecules. This enhances the ability of HER-2 specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to recognize and kill cancer cells. Novel strategies targeting the HER-2 receptor either directly by trastuzumab and/or indirectly by inducing a CTL response against HER-2 epitopes with, for instance, DC immunotherapy and consequently combining these strategies might prove to be very effective. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study we report that trastuzumab has potent growth inhibitory effects on two HER-2 overexpressing EAC cell lines OE33 and OE19. However, we found that trastuzumab and HER-2 specific CTLs act synergistically in inducing tumor lysis in OE33 but not in OE19. We discovered that in OE19 this deficient response is due to a down-regulation of the Transporter Associated with Antigen Processing-2 (TAP-2). TAP-2 is an important member of the Antigen Processing Machinery (APM), and is one of the essential elements for loading antigens on MHC class I molecules. Importantly, we demonstrated that by inducing re-expression of TAP-2 in OE19 with INF-γ treatment or by incubating the cells with INF-γ producing CTLs, the specific anti HER-2 CTL tumor lysis response and synergistic effect with trastuzumab can be restored. Conclusion An inefficient response of HER-2 overexpressing EAC to trastuzumab and/or DC immunotherapy can be due to a down-regulated TAP-2 expression and thus a deficient APM. Future studies combining trastuzumab with IFN-γ and/or immune-therapies inducing potent anti HER-2 CTL responses could lead to an effective combinatorial strategy for successful treatment of HER-2 overexpressing but APM defective cancers.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 3
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/immunology
- Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/immunology
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Antigen Presentation/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cells, Cultured
- Esophageal Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Esophageal Neoplasms/genetics
- Esophageal Neoplasms/immunology
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Trastuzumab
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Milano
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (FM); (KKK)
| | - Mirta Guarriera
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka M. Rygiel
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kausilia K. Krishnadath
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (FM); (KKK)
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Van Nuffel AMT, Corthals J, Neyns B, Heirman C, Thielemans K, Bonehill A. Immunotherapy of cancer with dendritic cells loaded with tumor antigens and activated through mRNA electroporation. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 629:405-52. [PMID: 20387165 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-657-3_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since decades, the main goal of tumor immunologists has been to increase the capacity of the immune system to mediate tumor regression. Considerable progress has been made in enhancing the efficacy of therapeutic anticancer vaccines. First, dendritic cells (DCs) have been identified as the key players in orchestrating primary immune responses. A better understanding of their biology and the development of procedures to generate vast amounts of DCs in vitro have accelerated the development of potent immunotherapeutic strategies for cancer. Second, tumor-associated antigens have been identified which are either selectively or preferentially expressed by tumor cells and can be recognized by the immune system. Finally, several studies have been performed on the genetic modification of DCs with tumor antigens. In this regard, loading the DCs with mRNA, which enables them to produce/process and present the tumor antigens themselves, has emerged as a promising strategy. Here, we will first overview the different aspects that must be taken into account when generating an mRNA-based DC vaccine and the published clinical studies exploiting mRNA-loaded DCs. Second, we will give a detailed description of a novel procedure to generate a vaccine consisting of tumor antigen-expressing dendritic cells with an in vitro superior capacity to induce anti-tumor immune responses. Here, immature DCs are electroporated with mRNAs encoding a tumor antigen, CD40 ligand (CD40L), CD70, and constitutively active (caTLR4) to generate mature antigen-presenting DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- An M T Van Nuffel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Physiology - Immunology, Medical School of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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9
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Dendritic Cell Adhesion to Cerebral Endothelium: Role of Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecules and Their Ligands. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2009; 68:300-13. [DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e31819a8dd1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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10
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Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) have profound abilities to induce and coordinate T-cell immunity. This makes them ideal biological agents for use in immunotherapeutic strategies to augment T-cell immunity to HIV infection. Current clinical trials are administering DC-HIV antigen preparations carried out ex vivo as proof of principle that DC immunotherapy is safe and efficacious in HIV-infected patients. These trials are largely dependent on preclinical studies that will provide knowledge and guidance about the types of DC, form of HIV antigen, method of DC maturation, route of DC administration, measures of anti-HIV immune function and ultimately control of HIV replication. Additionally, promising immunotherapy approaches are being developed based on targeting of DC with HIV antigens in vivo. The objective is to define a safe and effective strategy for enhancing control of HIV infection in patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Rinaldo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Milano F, Rygiel AM, Buttar N, Bergman JJGHM, Sondermeijer C, van Baal JWPM, ten Brinke A, Kapsenberg M, van Ham SM, Peppelenbosch MP, Krishnadath KK. An ex vivo readout for evaluation of dendritic cell-induced autologous cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses against esophageal cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2007; 56:1967-77. [PMID: 17564704 PMCID: PMC11030633 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-007-0341-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2007] [Accepted: 05/08/2007] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a highly malignant disease that despite surgery and adjuvant therapies has an extremely poor outcome. Dendritic cell (DC) immunotherapy as a novel promising strategy could be an alternative for treating this malignancy. Effective DC-mediated immune responses can be achieved by raising cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against multiple antigens through loading DCs with total tumor RNA. However, the efficacy of this strategy first needs to be evaluated in a pre-clinical setting. The aim of the study was to set up an ex vivo autologous human readout assay for assessing the effects of DC-mediated cytotoxic responses, using total tumor RNA as an antigen load. Biopsy specimens of seven esophageal cancer patients were used to establish primary cultures of normal and cancer cells and to obtain autologous RNA for loading DCs. Mature DCs loaded with either normal or tumor RNA were obtained and subsequently used to raise various lymphocytes populations. Apoptosis levels of the autologous cultures were measured before and after incubating the cultures with the different lymphocytes populations. The mean apoptosis levels in the tumor cell cultures, induced by lymphocytes instructed by DCs loaded with tumor RNA, significantly increased with 15.6% +/-2.9 SEM (range 3.4-24.5%, t-test, P < 0.05). Incubation of the normal cultures with the lymphocytes populations showed a mean non-significant increase in apoptosis of 0.4% +/-3.4 SEM (range -13.9 to 9.8%, t-test, P = 0.7). Here, we introduce a practical, patient-specific autologous readout assay for pre-clinical testing of DC-mediated cytotoxic responses. Additionally, we demonstrated that the use of autologous tumor RNA as a strategy for raising cytotoxic responses against multiple tumor antigens could be effective for treating esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Milano
- Department of Experimental Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka M. Rygiel
- Department of Experimental Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Navtej Buttar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - Jacques J. G. H. M. Bergman
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carine Sondermeijer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jantine W. P. M. van Baal
- Department of Experimental Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anja ten Brinke
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martien Kapsenberg
- Department of Cell Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S. Marieke van Ham
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kausilia K. Krishnadath
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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