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Kaneko S, Shimbo A, Irabu H, Hatano M, Takasawa K, Kamiya T, Akamine K, Tanaka T, Minato T, Ono M, Yokoyama K, Arisaka A, Yasumi T, Ueno K, Fujita S, Tanaka Y, Hayashi D, Nishikawa H, Fujita Y, Yuza Y, Mori M, Morio T, Shimizu M. Pathogenic role and diagnostic utility of interferon-α in histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis. Clin Immunol 2024; 266:110324. [PMID: 39032847 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (HNL) is an inflammatory disease of unknown etiology clinically characterized by painful lymphadenopathy. This study aimed to investigate the role of interferon (IFN)-α in the pathogenesis of HNL and the clinical significance of serum IFN-α levels for the diagnosis and monitoring of HNL disease activity. METHODS This study enrolled 47 patients with HNL and 43 patients with other inflammatory diseases that require HNL differentiation including malignant lymphoma (ML), bacterial lymphadenitis, and Kawasaki disease. Expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) and MX1 in the lymph nodes was measured by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify serum cytokine levels. The results were compared with the clinical features and disease course of HNL. RESULTS Patients with HNL had a significantly elevated ISG expression in the lymph nodes compared with those with ML. MX1 and CD123, a specific marker of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), were colocalized. In patients with HNL, serum IFN-α levels were significantly elevated and positively correlated with disease activity. The serum IFN-α level cutoff value for differentiating HNL from other diseases was 11.5 pg/mL. CONCLUSION IFN-α overproduction from pDCs may play a critical role in HNL pathogenesis. The serum IFN-α level may be a valuable biomarker for the diagnosis and monitoring of disease activity in patients with HNL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Kaneko
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asami Shimbo
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Irabu
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maho Hatano
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Takasawa
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kamiya
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Akamine
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Otsu Hospital, Shiga, Japan
| | | | - Makoto Ono
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiba Kaihin Municipal Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koji Yokoyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Wakayama Medical Center, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Atsuko Arisaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yasumi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Ueno
- Department of Pediatrics, Toyama Prefectural Central Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shuhei Fujita
- Department of Pediatrics, Toyama Prefectural Central Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yumi Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nishikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Yuji Fujita
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yuki Yuza
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Mori
- Department of Lifetime Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Graham JB, Swarts JL, Koehne AL, Watson CE, Lund JM. Regulatory T cells restrict immunity and pathology in distal tissue sites following a localized infection. Mucosal Immunol 2024:S1933-0219(24)00061-8. [PMID: 38908483 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are well-known to mediate peripheral tolerance at homeostasis, and there is a growing appreciation for their role in modulating infectious disease immunity. Following acute and chronic infections, Tregs can restrict pathogen-specific T cell responses to limit immunopathology. However, it is unclear if Tregs mediate control of pathology and immunity in distal tissue sites during localized infections. We investigated the role of Tregs in immunity and disease in various tissue compartments in the context of "mild" vaginal Zika virus infection. We found that Tregs are critical to generating robust virus-specific CD8 T cell responses in the initial infection site. Further, Tregs limit inflammatory cytokines and immunopathology during localized infection; a dysregulated immune response in Treg-depleted mice leads to increased T cell infiltrates and immunopathology in both the vagina and the central nervous system (CNS). Importantly, these CNS infiltrates are not present at the same magnitude during infection of Treg-sufficient mice, in which there is no CNS immunopathology. Our data suggest that Tregs are necessary to generate a robust virus-specific response at the mucosal site of infection, while Treg-mediated restriction of bystander inflammation limits immunopathology both at the site of infection as well as distal tissue sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B Graham
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jessica L Swarts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amanda L Koehne
- Experimental Histopathology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christine E Watson
- Experimental Histopathology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer M Lund
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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3
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Ren W, Ma Z, Li Q, Liu R, Ma L, Yao C, Shang Y, Zhang X, Gao M, Li S, Pang Y. Antigen-specific chemokine profiles as biomarkers for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1359555. [PMID: 38510248 PMCID: PMC10950995 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1359555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Latent tuberculosis (TB) infection can progress to active TB, which perpetuates community transmission that undermines global TB control efforts. Clinically, interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs) are commonly used for active TB case detection. However, low IGRA sensitivity rates lead to false-negative results for a high proportion of active TB cases, thus highlighting IGRA ineffectiveness in differentiating MTB-infected individuals from healthy individuals. Methods Participants enrolled at Beijing Chest Hospital from May 2020-April 2022 were assigned to healthy control (HC), LTBI, IGRA-positive TB, and IGRA-negative TB groups. Screening cohort MTB antigen-specific blood plasma chemokine concentrations were measured using Luminex xMAP assays then were verified via testing of validation cohort samples. Results A total of 302 individuals meeting study inclusion criteria were assigned to screening and validation cohorts. Testing revealed significant differences in blood plasma levels of CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL16, CXCL21, CCL1, CCL19, CCL27, TNF-α, and IL-4 between IGRA-negative TB and HC groups. Levels of CXCL9, CXCL10, IL-2, and CCL8 biomarkers were predictive for active TB, as reflected by AUC values of ≥0.9. CXCL9-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay sensitivity and specificity rates were 95.9% (95%CI: 91.7-98.3) and 100.0% (92.7-100.0), respectively. Statistically similar AUC values were obtained for CXCL9 and CXCL9-CXCL10 assays, thus demonstrating that combined analysis of CXCL10 and CXCL9 levels did not improve active TB diagnostic performance. Conclusion The MTB antigen stimulation-based CXCL9 assay may compensate for low IGRA diagnostic accuracy when used to diagnose IGRA-negative active TB cases and thus is an accurate and sensitive alternative to IGRAs for detecting MTB infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicong Ren
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zichun Ma
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Rongmei Liu
- Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Ma
- Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Yao
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shang
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xuxia Zhang
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Mengqiu Gao
- Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Pang
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
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Daca A, Storoniak H, Dębska-Ślizień A, Kusztal MA, Krajewska M, Lisowska KA. Chemokines and Cytokines Profiles in Patients with Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies-Associated Vasculitis: A Preliminary Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15319. [PMID: 37894997 PMCID: PMC10607460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The damage to small vessels in AAV and inflammatory reactions are accompanied by the release of various chemokines and cytokines. Using a flow cytometry technique, we assessed the levels of specific cytokines, namely IL-1β IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL12p70, and TNF, and chemokines, IFN-α, IP-10, and MIG in the serum from 9 healthy volunteers and 20 AAV patients, where 11 of the patients were not treated and evaluated at the time of diagnosis and 9 were already diagnosed and taking CY + GCS. The obtained results were then compared considering the activity of the disease, the type and titre of the ANCA antibodies, the inflammatory status, and the kidneys' condition. Amongst others, the IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF, and MIG levels were much higher in the serum of AAV patients than in healthy controls, whereas the level of IL-1β was higher in healthy volunteers. Additionally, the levels of IL-6, IL-10, IP-10, and MIG negatively correlated with the eGFR level, while the level of IFN-α positively correlated with the titre of PR3-ANCA. As most of the molecules are implicated in trafficking primed neutrophils towards small vessels, looking for links between the levels of these cytokines/chemokines and the clinical symptoms of AAV may facilitate the diagnosis and predict the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Daca
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Hanna Storoniak
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology, and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (H.S.); (A.D.-Ś.)
| | - Alicja Dębska-Ślizień
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology, and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (H.S.); (A.D.-Ś.)
| | - Mariusz Andrzej Kusztal
- Department of Nephrology and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Wrocław, 50-137 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.A.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Magdalena Krajewska
- Department of Nephrology and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Wrocław, 50-137 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.A.K.); (M.K.)
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5
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Kaneko S, Shimizu M, Shimbo A, Irabu H, Yokoyama K, Furuno K, Tanaka T, Ueno K, Fujita S, Iwata N, Fujimura J, Akamine K, Mizuta M, Nakagishi Y, Minato T, Watanabe K, Kobayashi A, Endo T, Tabata K, Mori M, Morio T. Clinical significance of serum cytokine profiles for differentiating between Kawasaki disease and its mimickers. Cytokine 2023; 169:156280. [PMID: 37356260 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the clinical significance of serum cytokine profiles for differentiating between Kawasaki disease (KD) and its mimickers. METHODS Patients with KD, including complete KD, KD shock syndrome (KDSS), and KD with macrophage activation syndrome (KD-MAS), and its mimickers, including multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, toxic shock syndrome, and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection, were enrolled. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type II (sTNF-RII), IL-10, IL-18, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and compared them with clinical manifestations. RESULTS Serum IL-6, sTNF-RII, and IL-10 levels were significantly elevated in patients with KDSS. Serum IL-18 levels were substantially elevated in patients with KD-MAS. Patients with KD-MAS and KD mimickers had significantly elevated serum CXCL9 levels compared with those with complete KD. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that serum IL-6 was the most useful for differentiating KDSS from the others, IL-18 and CXCL9 for KD-MAS from complete KD, and CXCL9 for KD mimickers from complete KD and KD-MAS. CONCLUSION Serum cytokine profiles may be useful for differentiating between KD and its mimickers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Kaneko
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Asami Shimbo
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Irabu
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Yokoyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Wakayama Medical Center, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kenji Furuno
- Department of, General Pediatrics and Interdisciplinary Medicine, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Otsu Hospital, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Ueno
- Department of Pediatrics, Toyama Prefectural Central Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shuhei Fujita
- Department of Pediatrics, Toyama Prefectural Central Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Naomi Iwata
- Department of infection and immunology, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Aichi, Japan
| | - Junya Fujimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Kakogawa Central City Hospital, Kakogawa, Japan
| | - Keiji Akamine
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mao Mizuta
- Department of Rheumatology, Hyogo Prefectural Kobe Children's Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Nakagishi
- Department of Rheumatology, Hyogo Prefectural Kobe Children's Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | - Kenichi Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Nagaoka Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Anna Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takuya Endo
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Tabata
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masaaki Mori
- Department of Lifetime Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Rosenkranz M, Fürle K, Hibbert J, Ulmer A, Ali A, Giese T, Blank A, Haefeli WE, Böhnlein E, Lanzer M, Thomson-Luque R. Multifunctional IgG/IgM antibodies and cellular cytotoxicity are elicited by the full-length MSP1 SumayaVac-1 malaria vaccine. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:112. [PMID: 37558673 PMCID: PMC10412566 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00701-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Radical control of malaria likely requires a vaccine that targets both the asymptomatic liver stages and the disease-causing blood stages of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. While substantial progress has been made towards liver stage vaccines, the development of a blood stage vaccine is lagging behind. We have recently conducted a first-in-human clinical trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the recombinant, full-length merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1FL) formulated with GLA-SE as adjuvant. Here, we show that the vaccine, termed SumayaVac-1, elicited both a humoral and cellular immune response as well as a recall T cell memory. The induced IgG and IgM antibodies were able to stimulate various Fc-mediated effector mechanisms associated with protection against malaria, including phagocytosis, release of reactive oxygen species, production of IFN-γ as well as complement activation and fixation. The multifunctional activity of the humoral immune response remained for at least 6 months after vaccination and was comparable to that of naturally acquired anti-MSP1 antibodies from semi-immune adults from Kenya. We further present evidence of SumayaVac-1 eliciting a recallable cellular cytotoxicity by IFN-γ producing CD8+ T cells. Our study revitalizes MSP1FL as a relevant blood stage vaccine candidate and warrants further evaluation of SumayaVac-1 in a phase II efficacy trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micha Rosenkranz
- Center for Infectious Diseases-Parasitology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristin Fürle
- Center for Infectious Diseases-Parasitology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Hibbert
- Center for Infectious Diseases-Parasitology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne Ulmer
- Center for Infectious Diseases-Parasitology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arin Ali
- Center for Infectious Diseases-Parasitology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Giese
- Institute for Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antje Blank
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter E Haefeli
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Michael Lanzer
- Center for Infectious Diseases-Parasitology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard Thomson-Luque
- Center for Infectious Diseases-Parasitology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Sumaya-Biotech GmbH & Co. KG, Heidelberg, Germany.
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7
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Higham JP, Cooper EB, Whalen C, Stahl-Hennig C, Giavedoni LD, Heistermann M. Urinary cytokine measurements do not reflect surgery-induced inflammation in rhesus macaques. Am J Primatol 2023; 85:e23506. [PMID: 37222418 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of the health and disease status of free-ranging primates is often limited by a lack of available biomarkers of immune activation and inflammation that can be applied noninvasively via the measurement of urine or fecal samples. Here, we evaluate the potential usefulness of noninvasive urinary measurements of a number of cytokines, chemokines, and other markers of inflammation and infection. We took advantage of surgery-associated inflammation in seven captive rhesus macaques, collecting urine samples before and after the medical interventions. We measured these urine samples for 33 different markers of inflammation and immune activation that are known to be responsive to inflammation and infection in rhesus macaque blood samples, via the Luminex platform. We also measured all samples for concentrations of the soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), which we had validated in a prior study as an effective biomarker of inflammation. Despite urine samples being collected in captivity under ideal conditions (clean, no contamination with feces or soil, frozen quickly), 13/33 biomarkers measured via Luminex were found at concentrations below detection limits in >50% of samples. Of the remaining 20 markers, only 2 showed significant increases in response to surgery-IL18 and MPO (myeloperoxidase). However, suPAR measurements of the same samples show a consistent marked increase in response to surgery that is absent from the patterns of IL18 and MPO measurement. Given that our samples were collected under conditions that are greatly preferable to those usually encountered in the field, urinary cytokine measurements via the Luminex platform seem overall unpromising for primate field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Higham
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eve B Cooper
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Connor Whalen
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Luis D Giavedoni
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, Texas, San Antonio, USA
- Department of Biology, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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8
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Xiao M, Li X, Wang L, Lin B, Zhai M, Hull L, Zizzo A, Cui W, Kiang JG. Skin Wound following Irradiation Aggravates Radiation-Induced Brain Injury in a Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10701. [PMID: 37445879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation injury- and radiation combined with skin injury-induced inflammatory responses in the mouse brain were evaluated in this study. Female B6D2F1/J mice were subjected to a sham, a skin wound (SW), 9.5 Gy 60Co total-body gamma irradiation (RI), or 9.5 Gy RI combined with a skin puncture wound (RCI). Survival, body weight, and wound healing were tracked for 30 days, and mouse brain samples were collected on day 30 after SW, RI, RCI, and the sham control. Our results showed that RCI caused more severe animal death and body weight loss compared with RI, and skin wound healing was significantly delayed by RCI compared to SW. RCI and RI increased the chemokines Eotaxin, IP-10, MIG, 6Ckine/Exodus2, MCP-5, and TIMP-1 in the brain compared to SW and the sham control mice, and the Western blot results showed that IP-10 and p21 were significantly upregulated in brain cells post-RI or -RCI. RI and RCI activated both astrocytes and endothelial cells in the mouse brain, subsequently inducing blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage, as shown by the increased ICAM1 and GFAP proteins in the brain and GFAP in the serum. The Doublecortin (DCX) protein, the "gold standard" for measuring neurogenesis, was significantly downregulated by RI and RCI compared with the sham group. Furthermore, RI and RCI decreased the expression of the neural stem cell marker E-cadherin, the intermediate progenitor marker MASH1, the immature neuron cell marker NeuroD1, and the mature neuron cell marker NeuN, indicating neural cell damage in all development stages after RI and RCI. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining further confirmed the significant loss of neural cells in RCI. Our data demonstrated that RI and RCI induced brain injury through inflammatory pathways, and RCI exacerbated neural cell damage more than RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mang Xiao
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Xianghong Li
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Bin Lin
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Min Zhai
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Lisa Hull
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Alex Zizzo
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Wanchang Cui
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Juliann G Kiang
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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9
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Bogdanov IV, Fateeva SI, Voropaev AD, Ovchinnikova TV, Finkina EI. Immunomodulatory Effects of the Pea Defensin Psd1 in the Caco-2/Immune Cells Co-Culture upon Candida albicans Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7712. [PMID: 37175419 PMCID: PMC10178127 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Candidiasis is one of the most common fungal diseases that can pose a threat to life in immunodeficient individuals, particularly in its disseminated form. Not only fungal invasion but also fatal infection-related inflammation are common causes of systemic candidiasis. In this study, we investigated in vitro immunomodulatory properties of the antifungal pea defensin Psd1 upon Candida albicans infection. Using the real-time PCR, we showed that Psd1 inhibited the antimicrobial peptide HBD-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 and IL-8 downregulation at mRNA level in epithelium cells caused by C. albicans infection. By using the Caco-2/immune cells co-culture upon C. albicans infection and the multiplex xMAP assay, we demonstrated that this pathogenic fungus induced a pronounced host defense response; however, the cytokine responses were different in the presence of dendritic cells or monocytes. We revealed that Psd1 at a low concentration (2 µM) had a pronounced immunomodulatory effect on the Caco-2/immune cells co-culture upon fungal infection. Thus, we hypothesized that the pea defensin Psd1 might be an effective agent in the treatment of candidiasis not only due to its antifungal activity, but also owing to its ability to modulate a protective immune response upon infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V. Bogdanov
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Serafima I. Fateeva
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander D. Voropaev
- G.N. Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Admiral Makarov St. 10, 125212 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Ovchinnikova
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina I. Finkina
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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10
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Mixed T Helper1/T Helper2/T Cytotoxic Profile in Subjects with Chronic Chagas Disease with Hypersensitivity Reactions to Benznidazole. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0135722. [PMID: 35938810 PMCID: PMC9430713 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01357-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dermatitis is the most common adverse event during treatment with benznidazole in chronic Chagas disease and is probably mediated by T cells. A set of molecules representative of the different type IV hypersensitivity reactions was evaluated in the circulation and skin biopsies of Trypanosoma cruzi-infected subjects presenting dermatitis during benznidazole administration. Through cytometric bead assays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay capture techniques, the serum levels of cytokines, chemokines, proapoptotic molecules, and mediators of the activation and migration of eosinophils and T cells were measured in subjects infected with Trypanosoma cruzi who exhibited skin adverse events (n = 22) and compared with those without adverse events (n = 37) during benznidazole therapy. Serum levels of interleukin- 5 (IL-5), soluble Fas cell surface death receptor ligand (FAS-L), and interferon γ-induced protein (IP-10) significantly increased at 7 to 30 days posttreatment with benznidazole and decreased thereafter in subjects with dermatitis but not in those without dermatitis. Circulating eotaxin levels were lower in subjects with dermatitis than in those without. Two patterns emerged in the skin biopsies: a T helper 1/T cytotoxic profile and a T helper 2/T cytotoxic profile with the presence of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), uremia, and T cell activation emerged as risk factors for the development of dermatitis during benznidazole administration. These results support a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to benznidazole, involving CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and eosinophils, and a mixed cytokine profile. This study provides new insights for better management of adverse drug reactions to benznidazole. IMPORTANCE This study identified the risk factors for the development of adverse reactions to benznidazole and identified a set molecule to monitor the appearance of these reactions. This knowledge might improve the safety of benznidazole administration.
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11
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Nygaard UC, Xiao L, Nadeau KC, Hew KM, Lv N, Camargo CA, Strub P, Ma J. Improved diet quality is associated with decreased concentrations of inflammatory markers in adults with uncontrolled asthma. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:1012-1027. [PMID: 33871602 PMCID: PMC8578836 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma has become one of the major public health challenges, and recent studies show promising clinical benefits of dietary interventions, such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine whether changes in diet quality are associated with changes in inflammatory markers important in asthma pathophysiology. METHODS In this exploratory study in patients with poorly controlled asthma participating in a randomized controlled trial of a DASH intervention study, changes in concentrations of a broad panel of serum proteins (51-plex Luminex assay, Affymetrix) were determined, and their relation to diet quality (DASH score) assessed by combining data of both intervention and usual-care control groups. Second, the relation between the serum proteins, other biomarkers of inflammation and nutrition, and Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) was assessed. RESULTS During the first 3 mo, diet quality (DASH scores) were inversely associated (P < 0.05, false discovery rate P < 0.09) with serum concentrations of a large number serum proteins, reflecting not only general proinflammatory markers such as IL-1β, transforming growth factor α (TGF-α), and IL-6 (r = -0.31 to -0.39) but also a number of proteins associated with asthmatic conditions, specifically several T-helper (Th) 2 (Th2; r = -0.29 to -0.34) and Th17 (r = -0.4) associated cytokines and growth factors. Monokine induced by gamma/chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9) (MIG/CXCL9), a T-cell attractant induced by IFN-γ previously linked to asthma exacerbations, appeared to be the marker most consistently associated with DASH diet quality for the entire 6-mo study period (r = -0.40 and -0.30 for 0-3 and 3-6 mo, respectively, and standardized coefficient loadings -0.13 in the partial least squares analyses). Decreases in 19 serum protein concentrations were also correlated with improved asthma control during the 6-mo study period. CONCLUSIONS Our data in adult patients with poorly controlled asthma suggest that dietary changes, like the introduction of DASH, may have beneficial effects on reducing inflammatory status. This trial was registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01725945.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unni C Nygaard
- Sean N Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department for Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lan Xiao
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Sean N Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kinjal M Hew
- Sean N Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nan Lv
- Institute of Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carlos A Camargo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peg Strub
- Department of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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12
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Cytokine-Laden Extracellular Vesicles Predict Patient Prognosis after Cerebrovascular Accident. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157847. [PMID: 34360613 PMCID: PMC8345931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A major contributor to disability after hemorrhagic stroke is secondary brain damage induced by the inflammatory response. Following stroke, global increases in numerous cytokines—many associated with worse outcomes—occur within the brain, cerebrospinal fluid, and peripheral blood. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) may traffic inflammatory cytokines from damaged tissue within the brain, as well as peripheral sources, across the blood–brain barrier, and they may be a critical component of post-stroke neuroinflammatory signaling. Methods: We performed a comprehensive analysis of cytokine concentrations bound to plasma EV surfaces and/or sequestered within the vesicles themselves. These concentrations were correlated to patient acute neurological condition by the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and to chronic, long-term outcome via the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOS-E). Results: Pro-inflammatory cytokines detected from plasma EVs were correlated to worse outcomes in hemorrhagic stroke patients. Anti-inflammatory cytokines detected within EVs were still correlated to poor outcomes despite their putative neuroprotective properties. Inflammatory cytokines macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC/CCL2), colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1), interleukin 7 (IL7), and monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG/CXCL9) were significantly correlated to both negative GCS and GOS-E when bound to plasma EV membranes. Conclusions: These findings correlate plasma-derived EV cytokine content with detrimental outcomes after stroke, highlighting the potential for EVs to provide cytokines with a means of long-range delivery of inflammatory signals that perpetuate neuroinflammation after stroke, thus hindering recovery.
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13
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Lau HX, El-Heis S, Yap QV, Chan YH, Tan CPT, Karnani N, Tan KML, Tham EH, Goh AEN, Teoh OH, Tan KH, Eriksson JG, Chong YS, Chong MFF, Van Bever H, Lee BW, Shek LP, Godfrey KM, Loo EXL. Role of maternal tryptophan metabolism in allergic diseases in the offspring. Clin Exp Allergy 2021; 51:1346-1360. [PMID: 34033173 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotinamide (vitamin B3) is a metabolite of tryptophan and dietary precursor of enzymes involved in many regulatory processes, which may influence fetal immune development. OBJECTIVE We examined whether maternal plasma concentrations of nicotinamide, tryptophan or nine related tryptophan metabolites during pregnancy were associated with the risk of development of infant eczema, wheeze, rhinitis or allergic sensitization. METHODS In the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) study, we analysed the associations between maternal plasma levels of nicotinamide, tryptophan and tryptophan metabolites at 26-28 weeks of gestation and allergic outcomes collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires at multiple time-points and skin prick testing to egg, milk, peanut and mites at age 18 months. Multivariate analysis was undertaken adjusting for all metabolites measured and separately adjusting for relevant demographic and environmental exposures. Analyses were also adjusted for multiple comparisons using the false discovery method. RESULTS Tryptophan metabolites were evaluated in 976/1247 (78%) women enrolled in GUSTO. In multivariate analysis including all metabolites, maternal plasma 3-hydrokynurenine was associated with increased allergic sensitization at 18 months (AdjRR 2.6, 95% CI 1.3-5.2 for highest quartile) but the association with nicotinamide was not significant (AdjRR 1.8, 95% CI 0.9-3.6). In analysis adjusting for other exposures, both 3-hydrokynurenine and nicotinamide were associated with increased allergic sensitization (AdjRR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1-3.6 for both metabolites). High maternal plasma nicotinamide was associated with increased infant eczema diagnosis by 6 and 12 months, which was not significant when adjusting for all metabolites measured, but was significant when adjusting for relevant environmental and demographic exposures. Other metabolites measured were not associated with allergic sensitization or eczema, and maternal tryptophan metabolites were not associated with offspring rhinitis and wheeze. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Maternal tryptophan metabolism during pregnancy may influence the development of allergic sensitization and eczema in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xing Lau
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Sarah El-Heis
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton, UK
| | - Qai Ven Yap
- Biostatistics Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Yiong Huak Chan
- Biostatistics Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Cheryl Pei Ting Tan
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Neerja Karnani
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Karen Mei Ling Tan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Elizabeth Huiwen Tham
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore City, Singapore.,Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore.,Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Anne Eng Neo Goh
- Allergy Service, Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital (KKWCH), Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Oon Hoe Teoh
- Respiratory Service, Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital (KKWCH), Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital (KKWCH), Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Johan Gunnar Eriksson
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore City, Singapore.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore City, Singapore.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore City, Singapore.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Mary Foong-Fong Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore City, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Hugo Van Bever
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore.,Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Bee Wah Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Lynette P Shek
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Evelyn Xiu Ling Loo
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore City, Singapore.,Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
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14
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Hernandez S, Morales-Soto W, Grubišić V, Fried D, Gulbransen BD. Pyridostigmine bromide exposure creates chronic, underlying neuroimmune disruption in the gastrointestinal tract and brain that alters responses to palmitoylethanolamide in a mouse model of Gulf War Illness. Neuropharmacology 2020; 179:108264. [PMID: 32758565 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic multisymptom illness that includes gastrointestinal disorders. Although the exact etiology of GWI is unknown, exposure to the drug pyridostigmine bromide (PB) is considered a major factor. Exposure to PB drives enteric neuroinflammation, promotes immunosuppression, and alters physiological functions of the colon in the short term but whether exposure to PB is sufficient to promote long term dysfunction is not known. Here, we tested whether exposure to PB is sufficient to drive long term changes that reflect GWI, and whether the endogenous anti-inflammatory mediator palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is sufficient to reduce the detrimental effects of PB in the gut and brain of mice. Exposure to PB alone was not sufficient to cause major changes in neuromuscular transmission but did drive major changes by altering the effects of PEA. Calcium imaging data show that the mechanisms responsible include a shift in receptor signaling mediated by TRPV1, endocannabinoids, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha (PPARα). Additional mechanisms include the development of glial reactivity and changes in enteric neurochemical coding and survival. PB and PEA caused major shifts in pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in the brain and colon that persisted up to 5 months following exposure. Many of the effects of PB and PEA exhibit significant sex differences. Together, these results highlight novel mechanisms whereby PB promotes long-lasting changes in nervous system and immune function by inducing occult neuroplasticity that is revealed by subsequent exposure to unrelated drugs in a sex dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siomara Hernandez
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Wilmarie Morales-Soto
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Vladimir Grubišić
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - David Fried
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Brian D Gulbransen
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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15
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Alves L, Carvalho M, Nunes F, Reis E, Ferreira G, Calderaro D, Carvalho J, Pádua P, Cicarini W, Gondim I, Ferreira L, Guimarães T, Toledo V. Evaluation of potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus using the Cytometric Beads Array (CBA). Clin Chim Acta 2019; 499:16-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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Hernandez S, Fried DE, Grubišić V, McClain JL, Gulbransen BD. Gastrointestinal neuroimmune disruption in a mouse model of Gulf War illness. FASEB J 2019; 33:6168-6184. [PMID: 30789759 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802572r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Gulf War illness (GWI) is a chronic multisymptom disorder that is prominent in Gulf War veterans. Major unexplained symptoms of GWI include functional gastrointestinal disorders and undiagnosed illnesses, including neurologic disorders. Exposure to the antinerve gas drug pyridostigmine bromide (PB) is linked to the development of GWI, but the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that PB alters gut function by disrupting the neural and immune systems of the intestine. We exposed male and female mice to physiologically comparable amounts of PB that match the dose, route, and time frame of exposure experienced by Gulf War veterans and assessed the acute and chronic impacts on gastrointestinal functions, the functional architecture of the enteric nervous system, and immune responses in the gut and brain. Exposure to PB drove acute alterations to colonic motility and structure in both male and female mice that transitioned to chronic changes in gut functions. PB drove acute alterations to enteric neural and glial activity, glial reactivity, and neuron survival with glial reactivity persisting into the chronic phase in male mice. Despite having no effect on colonic permeability, exposure to PB caused major shifts in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the colon and brain that suggest immunosuppressive effects. Interestingly, immune disruption was still evident in the colon and brain in female animals at 1 mo following exposure to PB. Together, our results show that the paradigm of PB exposure experienced by veterans of the Persian Gulf War contributes to long-lasting pathophysiology by driving enteric neuroinflammation, promoting immunosuppression, and altering functional anatomy of the colon in a sex-dependent manner.-Hernandez, S., Fried, D. E., Grubišić, V., McClain, J. L., Gulbransen, B. D. Gastrointestinal neuroimmune disruption in a mouse model of Gulf War illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siomara Hernandez
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - David E Fried
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Vladimir Grubišić
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Jonathon L McClain
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Brian D Gulbransen
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.,Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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17
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Elias SC, Choudhary P, de Cassan SC, Biswas S, Collins KA, Halstead FD, Bliss CM, Ewer KJ, Hodgson SH, Duncan CJA, Hill AVS, Draper SJ. Analysis of human B-cell responses following ChAd63-MVA MSP1 and AMA1 immunization and controlled malaria infection. Immunology 2014; 141:628-44. [PMID: 24303947 PMCID: PMC3956436 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of non-sterilizing natural immunity to Plasmodium falciparum malaria has been shown in low transmission areas following multiple exposures. However, conflicting data from endemic areas suggest that the parasite may interfere with the induction of effective B-cell responses. To date, the impact of blood-stage parasite exposure on antigen-specific B cells has not been reported following controlled human malaria infection (CHMI). Here we analysed human B-cell responses in a series of Phase I/IIa clinical trials, which include CHMI, using candidate virus-vectored vaccines encoding two blood-stage antigens: merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1) and apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1). Previously vaccinated volunteers show boosting of pre-existing antigen-specific memory B-cell (mBC) responses following CHMI. In contrast, unvaccinated malaria-naive control volunteers developed an mBC response against MSP1 but not AMA1. Serum IgG correlated with the mBC response after booster vaccination but this relationship was less well maintained following CHMI. A significant reduction in peripheral MSP1-specific mBC was observed at the point of diagnosis of blood-stage infection. This was coincident with a reduction in peripheral blood B-cell subsets expressing CXCR3 and elevated serum levels of interferon-γ and CXCL9, suggesting migration away from the periphery. These CHMI data confirm that mBC and antibody responses can be induced and boosted by blood-stage parasite exposure, in support of epidemiological studies on low-level parasite exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean C Elias
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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18
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Riley EM, Stewart VA. Immune mechanisms in malaria: new insights in vaccine development. Nat Med 2013; 19:168-78. [DOI: 10.1038/nm.3083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Kasprowicz VO, Halliday JS, Mitchell J, Klenerman P. MIGRAs: are they the new IGRAs? Development of monokine-amplified IFN-γ release assays. Biomark Med 2012; 6:177-86. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm.12.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
IFN-γ release by antigen-specific T cells can be used to track immune responses to infections and vaccines. In recent years, there have been substantial advances in the techniques available to measure IFN-γ release and a generation of such assays are now available for clinical use, as well as in a research setting. Interferon release leads to subsequent release of interferon-responsive chemokines such as MIG and IP-10, thus amplifying the original signal. A number of investigators have assessed whether measurement of these chemokines might provide a sensitive platform for detection of infection and antigen-specific T-cell responses. In this article, we assess the potential of these new approaches. We have termed the new antigen-specific T-cell assays monokine-amplified IFN-γ release assays (MIGRAs). Overall, it seems likely that improvements in the detection threshold could be made by analysis of antigen-triggered chemokines and potentially of other molecules in the future, although whether MIGRAs will provide additional clinical utility still remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria O Kasprowicz
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT & Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Kwazulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis & HIV (K-RITH), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa
| | - John S Halliday
- Oxford Biomedical Research Centre & James Martin School for 21st Century, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building, South Parks Rd, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Jessica Mitchell
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT & Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Oxford Biomedical Research Centre & James Martin School for 21st Century, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building, South Parks Rd, University of Oxford, UK
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20
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Ayimba E, Hegewald J, Ségbéna AY, Gantin RG, Lechner CJ, Agosssou A, Banla M, Soboslay PT. Proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines and chemokines in infants with uncomplicated and severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Clin Exp Immunol 2011; 166:218-26. [PMID: 21985368 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04474.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine and chemokine levels were studied in infants (<5 years) with uncomplicated (MM) and severe malaria tropica (SM), and in Plasmodium falciparum infection-free controls (NEG). Cytokine plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-13, IL-31 and IL-33 were strongly elevated in MM and SM compared to NEG (P<0·0001). Inversely, plasma concentrations of IL-27 were highest in NEG infants, lower in MM cases and lowest in those with SM (P<0·0001, NEG compared to MM and SM). The levels of the chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP3)-α/C-C ligand 20 (CCL20), monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG)/CXCL9 and CXCL16 were enhanced in those with MM and SM (P<0·0001 compared to NEG), and MIP3-α/CCL20 and MIG/CXCL9 were correlated positively with parasite density, while that of IL-27 were correlated negatively. The levels of 6Ckine/CCL21 were similar in NEG, MM and SM. At 48-60 h post-anti-malaria treatment, the plasma concentrations of IL-10, IL-13, MIG/CXCL9, CXCL16 and MIP3-α/CCL20 were clearly diminished compared to before treatment, while IL-17F, IL-27, IL-31 and IL-33 remained unchanged. In summary, elevated levels of proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines and chemokines were generated in infants during and after acute malaria tropica. The proinflammatory type cytokines IL-31 and IL-33 were enhanced strongly while regulatory IL-27 was diminished in those with severe malaria. Similarly, MIP3-α/CCL20 and CXCL16, which may promote leucocyte migration into brain parenchyma, displayed increased levels, while CCL21, which mediates immune surveillance in central nervous system tissues, remained unchanged. The observed cytokine and chemokine production profiles and their dynamics may prove useful in evaluating either the progression or the regression of malarial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ayimba
- Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine, Section Immunologie et Hématologie, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
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Chakera A, Bennett SC, Cornall RJ. A whole blood monokine-based reporter assay provides a sensitive and robust measurement of the antigen-specific T cell response. J Transl Med 2011; 9:143. [PMID: 21871084 PMCID: PMC3179727 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to measure T-cell responses to antigens is proving critical in the field of vaccine development and for understanding immunity to pathogens, allergens and self-antigens. Although a variety of technologies exist for this purpose IFNγ-ELISpot assays are widely used because of their sensitivity and simplicity. However, ELISpots cannot be performed on whole blood, and require relatively large volumes of blood to yield sufficient numbers of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. To address these deficiencies, we describe an assay that measures antigen-specific T cell responses through changes in monokine gene transcription. The biological amplification of the IFNγ signal generated by this assay provides sensitivity comparable to ELISpot, but with the advantage that responses can be quantified using small volumes of whole blood. METHODS Whole blood or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy controls and immunosuppressed recipients of solid organ transplants were incubated with peptide pools covering viral and control antigens or mitogen for 20 hours. Total RNA was extracted and reverse transcribed before amplification in a TaqMan qPCR reaction using primers and probes specific for MIG (CXCL9), IP-10 (CXCL10) and HPRT. The induction of MIG and IP-10 in response to stimuli was analysed and the results were compared with those obtained by ELISpot. RESULTS Antigen-specific T cell responses can be measured through the induction of MIG or IP-10 gene expression in PBMCs or whole blood with results comparable to those achieved in ELISpot assays. The biological amplification generated by IFNγ-R signaling allows responses to be detected in as little as 25 uL of whole blood and enables the assay to retain sensitivity despite storage of samples for up to 48 hours prior to processing. CONCLUSIONS A monokine-based reporter assay provides a sensitive measure of antigen-specific T cell activation. Assays can be performed on small volumes of whole blood and remain accurate despite delays in processing. This assay may be a useful tool for studying T cell responses, particularly when samples are limited in quantity or when storage or transportation are required before processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron Chakera
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Sophia C Bennett
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
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MIG and the regulatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β1 correlate with malaria vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12557. [PMID: 20838432 PMCID: PMC2933226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains one of the world's greatest killers and a vaccine is urgently required. There are no established correlates of protection against malaria either for natural immunity to the disease or for immunity conferred by candidate malaria vaccines. The RTS,S/AS02A vaccine offers significant partial efficacy against malaria. mRNA expression of five key cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), monokine induced by gamma (MIG), interleukin-10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were measured by real-time RT-PCR before and after vaccination with RTS,S/AS02A and Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara encoding the circumsporozoite protein (MVA-CS) in healthy malaria-naïve adult volunteers. The only significant change was in IFN-γ mRNA expression, which was increased seven days after vaccination (P = 0.04). Expression of MIG mRNA seven days after vaccination correlated inversely with time to detection of parasites by blood film in an experimental sporozoite challenge (r = 0.94 P = 0.005). An inverse relationship was seen between both TGF-β1 and IL-10 mRNA at baseline and the anti-circumsporozoite IgG antibody response (r = −0.644 P = 0.022 and r = −0.554 P = 0.031 respectively). This study demonstrates the potential for MIG expression as a correlate of protection against malaria. Baseline levels of the regulatory cytokines TGF-β and IL-10 inversely correlated with antibody levels post vaccination and warrant further studies to improve understanding of individual differences in response to vaccination.
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