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Huang C, Lu TL, Yang Y. Mortality risk factors related to listeriosis - A meta-analysis. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:771-783. [PMID: 36958172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relatively few studies have focused on mortality risk factors for listeriosis in the literature. Information on the mortality of populations with listeriosis is needed. We aimed to explore the mortality risk factors related to listeriosis in this meta-analysis. METHODS The studies were considered eligible for inclusion only if they directly compared the mortality risk factors for listeriosis between dead patients and surviving patients. The mortality risk factors included clinical predisposing factors and predisposing comorbidities. RESULTS Thirteen studies were included in this study. There were 12,265 listeriosis patients, including 2863 (23.3%) dead patients. The meta-analysis provided evidence that the mortality risk factors related to listeriosis were as follows: 1. Clinical predisposing factors included age ≥ 60 years, primary bacteremia and central nervous system involvement; 2. Predisposing comorbidities included non-hematological malignancies, alcoholism, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and pulmonary disease. In addition, autoimmune disease comorbidity had a protective effect against listeriosis. CONCLUSION The presence of older patients, primary bacteremia, central nervous system involvement, non-hematological malignancies, alcoholism, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and pulmonary disease should alert physicians to the higher risk of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chienhsiu Huang
- Department of Internal medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taiwan.
| | - Tsung-Lung Lu
- Department of Nursing, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taiwan
| | - Yalun Yang
- Department of Nursing, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taiwan
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2
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Tholany J, Samra H, Kobayashi T, Prasidthrathsint K. Primary spontaneous listerial peritonitis. IDCases 2023; 32:e01748. [PMID: 36974133 PMCID: PMC10038783 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2023.e01748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A male in his mid-60s with chronic kidney disease, ischemic cardiomyopathy, and nonalcoholic cirrhosis due to congestive hepatopathy presented with fever and abdominal pain for two weeks. He underwent diagnostic paracentesis, which noted an ascitic neutrophil count over 7000/mm3. Gram stain of the ascitic fluid showed Gram-positive cocci. He was diagnosed with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) and was started on ceftriaxone. Ascites cultures grew Listeria monocytogenes and antibiotics were changed to ampicillin. He received one week of ampicillin while inpatient and seven weeks of oral amoxicillin, at which point his ascitic neutrophil count was less than 250/mm3. He was continued on suppressive amoxicillin for an additional 14 weeks with no recurrence in over a year after the discontinuation of amoxicillin. Though uncommon, L. monocytogenes should be considered a pathogen causing SBP. Focal listerial infections can be treated with penicillins alone while invasive disease may require the addition of aminoglycosides.
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Kuzume D, Morimoto Y, Tsutsumi S, Yamasaki M, Hosomi N. [Diagnostic predictive factors in listeria meningitis]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2023; 63:1-6. [PMID: 36567106 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-001807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to elucidate the diagnostic predictive factors of listeria meningitis. SUBJECTS AND METHOD Twenty-eight patients with bacterial meningitis (age; 65.9 ± 14.8 years, 11 female) who were admitted to Chikamori Hospital from October 1, 2006 to December 31, 2021 were included. Bacterial meningitis was defined as cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) pleocytosis with evidence of bacterial infection in CSF or blood. The blood and CSF data were reviewed for analysis. RESULTS 9 patients were diagnosed as listeria meningitis, 19 patients were in non-listeria meningitis. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that higher CSF lymphocyte ratio was significantly associated with listeria meningitis (Odds ratio 1.123, 95% Confidence interval 1.006-1.2155, P = 0.039). CSF lymphocyte ratio of 30% or more was found to predict listeria meningitis with a sensitivity of 55.6% and a specificity of 100%. CONCLUSION CSF lymphocyte ratio may be useful for differentiating between listeria meningitis and non-listeria meningitis.
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Pogreba-Brown K, Boyd K, Schaefer K, Austhof E, Armstrong A, Owusu-Dommey A, Villa-Zapata L, Arora M, McClelland JD, Hoffman S. Complications Associated with Foodborne Listeriosis: A Scoping Review. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2022; 19:725-743. [PMID: 36367547 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2022.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a relatively rare but highly pathogenic bacterium that can cause foodborne infections. In the United States there are ∼1600 cases per year, 94% of which result in hospitalizations and 20% in deaths. Per-case burden is high because the disease also causes serious complications, including sepsis, encephalitis, meningitis, miscarriage, and stillbirth. The disease burden of L. monocytogenes is underestimated because some of these acute complications can also result in long-term outcomes. In this article, we conducted a scoping review of L. monocytogenes complications and longer term outcomes from articles published between 2000 and 2018. Search terms were developed for four major databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase) as well as gray literature and hand searches of review articles. We follow standard scoping review methodology and assessment. Out of 10,618 unique articles originally identified, 115 articles were included, representing 49 unique outcomes. The majority of studies were cohort designs (n = 67) and conducted in the United States or Europe (n = 98). Four major outcome groupings were death, neurological disorders, sepsis, and congenital infection. This study identifies substantial research on the common acute complications of L. monocytogenes and few long-term consequences of L. monocytogenes. We identify the need for additional studies to determine the longer term impacts of these acute complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Pogreba-Brown
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Kylie Boyd
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Kenzie Schaefer
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Erika Austhof
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Alexandra Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Ama Owusu-Dommey
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Mona Arora
- Department of Community, Environment and Policy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Jean D McClelland
- Arizona Health Sciences Library, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Sandra Hoffman
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes can cause gastrointestinal infections in healthy children and adults, but they tend to be mild and self-limiting. It can, however, cause serious potentially lethal infections, such as meningitis and bacteremia, to those with underlying conditions. A woman in her 60s with liver cirrhosis developed abdominal pain and a fever, and she turned out to have a perianal abscess caused by L. monocytogenes. Perianal abscess is a rare complication of L. monocytogenes, but a recent epidemiological study revealed that the presence of cirrhosis might also be a risk factor for the development of invasive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Fujio
- Department of Pharmacy, Hyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical Center, Japan
| | - Takafumi Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical Center, Japan
| | - Naomi Morishita
- Department of Nursing, Hyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical Center, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Ohtani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical Center, Japan
| | - Kentaro Iwata
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Hospital, Japan
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6
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Schaefer K, Austhof E, Boyd K, Armstrong A, Hoffman S, Pogreba-Brown K. Septicemia Due to Listeria monocytogenes Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2021; 19:104-114. [PMID: 34883025 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2021.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is a rare bacterial infection associated with foodborne illness that can result in septicemia, a serious acute outcome. Sepsis is responsible for one in three deaths during hospitalization. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the proportion of Listeria monocytogenes infections resulting in septicemia. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from January 1, 2000, to April 1, 2018, for epidemiological studies that assessed studies focusing on L. monocytogenes infections with the outcome of septicemia. Articles in English, Spanish, and Portuguese using case-control, cohort, or outbreak studies reporting measures of association between L. monocytogenes and septicemia were included. Bias and heterogeneity were assessed using univariate meta-regression for region, sample size, study design, and report method. Nineteen articles were eligible for inclusion post-screening, the majority of which were conducted in Europe (n = 15); utilized a retrospective cohort design (n = 16); and collected data via routine or laboratory surveillance methods (n = 10). Prevalence of sepsis ranged from 4.2% to 100% among study populations of 6 to 1374 individuals. Overall, the proportion of listeriosis cases that developed sepsis was 46% (95% confidence interval [CI] 31.0-61.0%); for neonatal cases, 21.3% (95% CI 11.0-31.6%); and for maternal and neonatal cases, 18.8% (95% CI 10.7-26.8%). The heterogeneity was high for overall and group meta-analyses, but it could not be explained by the subanalyses for the overall proportion, whereas for neonatal, and neonatal and maternal cases combined, China had a significantly lower proportion than Europe and the United States. Septicemia following L. monocytogenes infection is a severe acute complication with 31-61% rate found overall; however, greater delineation of demographic data is needed to determine important risk factors. Future research should aim to address the gaps in knowledge in the long-term outcomes of sepsis from L. monocytogenes infection, and whether these outcomes differ from those due to other infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenzie Schaefer
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Erika Austhof
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Kylie Boyd
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Alexandra Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Sandra Hoffman
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Kristen Pogreba-Brown
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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7
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Local ablation of gastric cancer by reconstituted apolipoprotein B lipoparticles carrying epigenetic drugs. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 37:102450. [PMID: 34332115 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic inhibitors have shown anticancer effects. Combination chemotherapy with epigenetic inhibitors has shown high effectiveness in gastric cancer clinical trials, but severe side effect and local progression are the causes of treatment failure. Therefore, we sought to develop an acidity-sensitive drug delivery system to release drugs locally to diminish unfavorable outcome of gastric cancer. In this study, we showed that, as compared with single agents, combination treatment with the demethylating agent 5'-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and HDAC inhibitors Trichostatin A or LBH589 decreased cell survival, blocked cell cycle by reducing number of S-phase cells and expression of cyclins, increased cell apoptosis by inducing expression of Bim and cleaved Caspase 3, and reexpressed tumor suppressor genes more effectively in MGCC3I cells. As a carrier, reconstituted apolipoprotein B lipoparticles (rABLs) could release drugs in acidic environments. Orally administrated embedded drugs not only showed inhibitory effects on gastric tumor growth in a syngeneic orthotopic mouse model, but also reduced the hepatic and renal toxicity. In conclusion, we have established rABL-based nanoparticles embedded epigenetic inhibitors for local treatment of gastric cancer, which have good therapeutic effects but do not cause severe side effects.
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Fischer MA, Wamp S, Fruth A, Allerberger F, Flieger A, Halbedel S. Population structure-guided profiling of antibiotic resistance patterns in clinical Listeria monocytogenes isolates from Germany identifies pbpB3 alleles associated with low levels of cephalosporin resistance. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 9:1804-1813. [PMID: 32691687 PMCID: PMC7473133 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1799722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Numbers of listeriosis illnesses have been increasing in Germany and the European Union during the last decade. In addition, reports on the occurrence of antibiotic resistance in Listeria monocytogenes in clinical and environmental isolates are accumulating. The susceptibility towards 14 antibiotics was tested in a selection of clinical L. monocytogenes isolates to get a more precise picture of the development and manifestation of antibiotic resistance in the L. monocytogenes population. Based on the population structure determined by core genome multi locus sequence typing (cgMLST) 544 out of 1220 sequenced strains collected in Germany between 2009 and 2019 were selected to cover the phylogenetic diversity observed in the clinical L. monocytogenes population. All isolates tested were susceptible towards ampicillin, penicillin and co-trimoxazole – the most relevant antibiotics in the treatment of listeriosis. Resistance to daptomycin and ciprofloxacin was observed in 493 (91%) and in 71 (13%) of 544 isolates, respectively. While all tested strains showed resistance towards ceftriaxone, their resistance levels varied widely between 4 mg/L and >128 mg/L. An allelic variation of the penicillin binding protein gene pbpB3 was identified as the cause of this difference in ceftriaxone resistance levels. This study is the first population structure-guided analysis of antimicrobial resistance in recent clinical isolates and confirms the importance of penicillin binding protein B3 (PBP B3) for the high level of intrinsic cephalosporin resistance of L. monocytogenes on a population-wide scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Fischer
- FG11 Division of Enteropathogenic bacteria and Legionella, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Sabrina Wamp
- FG11 Division of Enteropathogenic bacteria and Legionella, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Angelika Fruth
- FG11 Division of Enteropathogenic bacteria and Legionella, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
| | | | - Antje Flieger
- FG11 Division of Enteropathogenic bacteria and Legionella, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany.,German Consultant Laboratory for Listeria, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Sven Halbedel
- FG11 Division of Enteropathogenic bacteria and Legionella, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany.,German Consultant Laboratory for Listeria, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
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9
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Bacteriophage biocontrol to fight Listeria outbreaks in seafood. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111682. [PMID: 32805341 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a well-known pathogen responsible for the severe foodborne disease listeriosis. The control of L. monocytogenes occurrence in seafood products and seafood processing environments is an important challenge for the seafood industry and the public health sector. However, bacteriophage biocontrol shows great potential to be used as safety control measure in seafood. This review provides an update on Listeria-specific bacteriophages, focusing on their application as a safe and natural strategy to prevent L. monocytogenes contamination and growth in seafood products and seafood processing environments. Furthermore, the main properties required from bacteriophages intended to be used as biocontrol tools are summarized and emerging strategies to overcome the current limitations are considered. Also, major aspects relevant for bacteriophage production at industrial scale, their access to the market, as well as the current regulatory status of bacteriophage-based solutions for Listeria biocontrol are discussed.
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10
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Aspectos actuales de la listeriosis. Med Clin (Barc) 2020; 154:453-458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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11
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Sun W, Liu Y, Wang X, Liu Q, Dong Q. Quantitative risk assessment of Listeria monocytogenes in bulk cooked meat from production to consumption in China: a Bayesian approach. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:2931-2938. [PMID: 30471122 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To estimate the public health risk related to cooked meat in bulk products contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes, a generic Bayesian network (BN) risk-assessment model was developed to simulate influencing factors and processes of products from the industry level to the consumer level. To quantify the model, parameter values of prior distributions were acquired from the literature, websites, and expert opinions. Using the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation approach, posterior probability distributions were calculated according to the incorporated evidence, which allowed us to predict various risks affected by processing variability from production to consumption. RESULTS The average risks of listeriosis from consuming cooked meat in bulk products are 8.40 × 10-7 , 2.58 × 10-8 , 8.24 × 10-7 , and 1.05 × 10-6 per meal for children, young people, elderly people, and pregnant women, respectively. The estimated mean number of listeriosis cases is 5 per 100 000 people per year in China. CONCLUSION Although only a conceptual BN model is given, it manifests the principles and characteristics of mathematical methods. The BN model can also provide significant benefits for quantitative risk assessment by incorporating all available data and by updating beliefs. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxia Sun
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangtai Liu
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Liu
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingli Dong
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Crowther CV, Hilton SH, Kemp L, Hayes MA. Isolation and identification of Listeria monocytogenes utilizing DC insulator-based dielectrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1068:41-51. [PMID: 31072476 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens pose one of the greatest challenges facing public health in the modern day. One important pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes, is known to be challenging to detect and identify. Three serovars cause most of the Listeria related food-borne illnesses, which the Centers for Disease Control currently utilizes a combination of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and whole genome sequencing for identification and the determination of clusters and outbreaks. There is a potential method for rapid collection of epidemiological information by exploiting the electrokinetic and dielectrophoretic properties of the L. monocytogenes serovars. Using dielectrophoresis, the three most commonly identified serovars of L. monocytogenes can be distinguished from each other. The electrokinetic and dielectrophoretic mobilities of each serovar was determined through a combination of electrokinetic velocity and dielectrophoretic trapping assessments, in conjunction with finite element multi-physics modeling. A mathematical model of the data, which defines the various factors of dielectrophoretic trapping, is utilized and verified based on the behavior of L. monocytogenes in the microchannel. The trapping condition for the serovars were evaluated as 2.8±0.2×109, 2.2±0.2×109, and 2.2±0.3×109Vm-2 and the electrokinetic mobility was assessed to be 19±0.7, 17±0.7, and for the L. monocytogenes serovars 1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire V Crowther
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - LaKeta Kemp
- Phoenix Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Mark A Hayes
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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13
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de Almeida Roger J, Magro M, Spagnolo S, Bonaiuto E, Baratella D, Fasolato L, Vianello F. Antimicrobial and magnetically removable tannic acid nanocarrier: A processing aid for Listeria monocytogenes treatment for food industry applications. Food Chem 2018; 267:430-436. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.06.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Azimi T, Nasiri MJ, Chirani AS, Pouriran R, Dabiri H. The role of bacteria in the inflammatory bowel disease development: a narrative review. APMIS 2018; 126:275-283. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taher Azimi
- Department of Pathobiology; School of Public Health; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Nasiri
- Department of Medical Microbiology; School of Medicine; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Alireza Salimi Chirani
- Department of Medical Microbiology; School of Medicine; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Ramin Pouriran
- School of Medicine; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Hossein Dabiri
- Department of Medical Microbiology; School of Medicine; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
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15
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Bergholz TM, Shah MK, Burall LS, Rakic-Martinez M, Datta AR. Genomic and phenotypic diversity of Listeria monocytogenes clonal complexes associated with human listeriosis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:3475-3485. [PMID: 29500754 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8852-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogen of significant concern in many ready to eat foods due to its ability to survive and multiply even under significant environmental stresses. Listeriosis in humans is a concern, especially to high-risk populations such as those who are immunocompromised or pregnant, due to the high rates of morbidity and mortality. Whole genome sequencing has become a routine part of assessing L. monocytogenes isolated from patients, and the frequency of different genetic subtypes associated with listeriosis is now being reported. The recent abundance of genome sequences for L. monocytogenes has provided a wealth of information regarding the variation in core and accessory genomic elements. Newly described accessory genomic regions have been linked to greater virulence capabilities as well as greater resistance to environmental stressors such as sanitizers commonly used in food processing facilities. This review will provide a summary of our current understanding of stress response and virulence phenotypes of L. monocytogenes, within the context of the genetic diversity of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa M Bergholz
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, 130A Van Es, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA.
| | - Manoj K Shah
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, 130A Van Es, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Laurel S Burall
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - Mira Rakic-Martinez
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - Atin R Datta
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
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16
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Korsak D, Krawczyk-Balska A. Identification of the Molecular Mechanism of Trimethoprim Resistance inListeria monocytogenes. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2017; 14:696-700. [PMID: 28910155 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Korsak
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Krawczyk-Balska
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Comandatore F, Corbella M, Andreoli G, Scaltriti E, Aguzzi M, Gaiarsa S, Mariani B, Morganti M, Bandi C, Fabbi M, Marone P, Pongolini S, Sassera D. Genomic Characterization Helps Dissecting an Outbreak of Listeriosis in Northern Italy. PLOS CURRENTS 2017; 9. [PMID: 28856063 PMCID: PMC5510990 DOI: 10.1371/currents.outbreaks.633fd8994e9f06f31b3494567c7e504c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a bacterium widely distributed in nature and able to contaminate food processing environments, including those of dairy products. Lm is a primary public health issue, due to the very low infectious dose and the ability to produce severe outcomes, in particular in elderly, newborns, pregnant women and immunocompromised patients. Methods In the period between April and July 2015, an increased number of cases of listeriosis was observed in the area of Pavia, Northern Italy. An epidemiological investigation identified a cheesemaking small organic farm as the possible origin of the outbreak. In this work we present the results of the retrospective epidemiological study that we performed using molecular biology and genomic epidemiology methods. The strains sampled from patients and those from the target farm's cheese were analyzed using PFGE and whole genome sequencing (WGS) based methods. The performed WGS based analyses included: a) in-silico MLST typing; b) SNPs calling and genetic distance evaluation; c) determination of the resistance and virulence genes profiles; d) SNPs based phylogenetic reconstruction. Results Three of the patient strains and all the cheese strains resulted to belong to the same phylogenetic cluster, in Sequence Type 29. A further accurate SNPs analysis revealed that two of the three patient strains and all the cheese strains were highly similar (0.8 SNPs of average distance) and exhibited a higer distance from the third patient isolate (9.4 SNPs of average distance). Discussion Despite the global agreement among the results of the PFGE and WGS epidemiological studies, the latter approach agree with epidemiological data in indicating that one the patient strains could have originated from a different source. This result highlights that WGS methods can allow to better
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Corbella
- S.C. Microbiologia e Virologia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italia
| | - Giuseppina Andreoli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Pavia, Italy
| | - Erika Scaltriti
- Servizio di Analisi del Rischio, Direzione Sanitaria, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna (IZSLER), Parma, Italy
| | - Massimo Aguzzi
- Dipartimento di Prevenzione Veterinaria, Agenzia della Salute di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Gaiarsa
- SC di Microbiologia e Virologia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Bianca Mariani
- S.C. Microbiologia e Virologia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italia
| | - Marina Morganti
- Servizio di Analisi del Rischio, Direzione Sanitaria, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna (IZSLER), Parma, Italy
| | - Claudio Bandi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Fabbi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Pavia, Italy
| | - Piero Marone
- SC Microbiologia e Virologia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Pongolini
- Direzione Sanitaria, Servizio di Analisi del Rischio, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna (IZSLER), Parma Italy
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Guzmán-De-Villoria J, Fernández-García P, Borrego-Ruiz P. Neurologic emergencies in HIV-negative immunosuppressed patients. RADIOLOGIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Guzmán-De-Villoria JA, Fernández-García P, Borrego-Ruiz PJ. Neurologic emergencies in HIV-negative immunosuppressed patients. RADIOLOGIA 2016; 59:2-16. [PMID: 28012729 DOI: 10.1016/j.rx.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
HIV-negative immunosuppressed patients comprise a heterogeneous group including transplant patients, patients undergoing treatment with immunosuppressors, uremic patients, alcoholics, undernourished patients, diabetics, patients on dialysis, elderly patients, and those diagnosed with severe or neoplastic processes. Epileptic seizures, focal neurologic signs, and meningoencephalitis are neurologic syndromes that require urgent action. In most of these situations, neuroimaging tests are necessary, but the findings can be different from those observed in immunocompetent patients in function of the inflammatory response. Infectious disease is the first diagnostic suspicion, and the identification of an opportunistic pathogen should be oriented in function of the type and degree of immunosuppression. Other neurologic emergencies include ischemic stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, neoplastic processes, and pharmacological neurotoxicity. This article reviews the role of neuroimaging in HIV-negative immunodepressed patients with a neurologic complication that requires urgent management.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Guzmán-De-Villoria
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España; CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, España.
| | - P Fernández-García
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
| | - P J Borrego-Ruiz
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
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20
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Witkowska E, Korsak D, Kowalska A, Księżopolska-Gocalska M, Niedziółka-Jönsson J, Roźniecka E, Michałowicz W, Albrycht P, Podrażka M, Hołyst R, Waluk J, Kamińska A. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy introduced into the International Standard Organization (ISO) regulations as an alternative method for detection and identification of pathogens in the food industry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 409:1555-1567. [PMID: 28004171 PMCID: PMC5306343 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-0090-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We show that surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) coupled with principal component analysis (PCA) can serve as a fast, reliable, and easy method for detection and identification of food-borne bacteria, namely Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Cronobacter spp., in different types of food matrices (salmon, eggs, powdered infant formula milk, mixed herbs, respectively). The main aim of this work was to introduce the SERS technique into three ISO (6579:2002; 11290-1:1996/A1:2004; 22964:2006) standard procedures required for detection of these bacteria in food. Our study demonstrates that the SERS technique is effective in distinguishing very closely related bacteria within a genus grown on solid and liquid media. The advantages of the proposed ISO-SERS method for bacteria identification include simplicity and reduced time of analysis, from almost 144 h required by standard methods to 48 h for the SERS-based approach. Additionally, PCA allows one to perform statistical classification of studied bacteria and to identify the spectrum of an unknown sample. Calculated first and second principal components (PC-1, PC-2) account for 96, 98, and 90% of total variance in the spectra and enable one to identify the Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes, and Cronobacter spp., respectively. Moreover, the presented study demonstrates the excellent possibility for simultaneous detection of analyzed food-borne bacteria in one sample test (98% of PC-1 and PC-2) with a goal of splitting the data set into three separated clusters corresponding to the three studied bacteria species. The studies described in this paper suggest that SERS represents an alternative to standard microorganism diagnostic procedures. Graphical Abstract New approach of the SERS strategy for detection and identification of food-borne bacteria, namely S. enterica, L. monocytogenes, and C. sakazakii in selected food matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelin Witkowska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dorota Korsak
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Applied Microbiology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Kowalska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Niedziółka-Jönsson
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Roźniecka
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Weronika Michałowicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Albrycht
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Podrażka
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Hołyst
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Waluk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, 01-815, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kamińska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
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Korsak D, Krawczyk-Balska A. Rifampicin- and Rifabutin-Resistant Listeria monocytogenes Strains Isolated from Food Products Carry Mutations in rpoB Gene. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2016; 13:363-8. [PMID: 27105395 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2015.2103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of rifampicin resistance in Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from different types of food and the impact of specific mutations in the rpoB gene on susceptibility to different antimicrobial agents and on fitness cost. Fifteen spontaneous rifampicin-resistant strains were selected. The DNA regions corresponding to clusters I-II, III, and N-terminal end of the rpoB gene of Escherichia coli were amplified and sequenced, leading to the identification of 10 different substitutions, nine of which (Ser466Pro, Gln470Lys Asp473Asn, Gly479Asp, His483Tyr/Arg/Asp, Arg486His, and Leu490Pro) were located in cluster I and one (Pro521Leu) in cluster II. From among these mutations, substitutions at positions 466, 470, 486, 490, and 521 have not been described for L. monocytogenes. Only substitutions at positions 470, 479, 483, and 486 lead to resistance to very high concentrations of rifampicin (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] ≥256 μg/mL) and rifabutin (MIC 128 μg/mL). Furthermore, mutations at positions 473, 490, and 521 had different effects on susceptibility to rifampicin compared to other bacterial species. A correlation between rifampicin resistance and susceptibility to a wide range of antimicrobials was determined. Substitutions in RpoB did not change the susceptibility of the mutants to different antimicrobials. The fitness of the mutants was assessed by paired competition experiments. Mutations at positions 470 and 479 were not associated with a reduction in fitness level. There was no correlation between the MIC of rifampicin and fitness cost. The risk of transmission of resistant strains through the food chain highlights the need for monitoring resistance, identifying mutant organisms, their genotypes, and their altered phenotypes to understand their dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Korsak
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw , Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Krawczyk-Balska
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw , Warsaw, Poland
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22
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Krawczyk-Balska A, Markiewicz Z. The intrinsic cephalosporin resistome of Listeria monocytogenes in the context of stress response, gene regulation, pathogenesis and therapeutics. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 120:251-65. [PMID: 26509460 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsic resistance to antibiotics is a serious therapeutic problem in the case of many bacterial species. The Gram-positive human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is intrinsically resistant to broad spectrum cephalosporin antibiotics, which are commonly used in therapy of bacterial infections. Besides three penicillin-binding proteins the intrinsic cephalosporin resistome of L. monocytogenes includes multidrug resistance transporter transporters, proteins involved in peptidoglycan biosynthesis and modification, cell envelope proteins with structural or general detoxification function, cytoplasmic proteins with unknown function and regulatory proteins. Analysis of the regulation of the expression of genes involved in the intrinsic resistance of L. monocytogenes to cephalosporins highlights the high complexity of control of the intrinsic resistance phenotype. The regulation of the transcription of the intrinsic resistome determinants involves the activity of eight regulators, namely LisR, CesR, LiaR, VirR, σ(B) , σ(H) , σ(L) and PrfA, of which the most prominent role play LisR, CesR and σ(B) . Furthermore, the vast majority of the intrinsic resistome determinants contribute to the tolerance of different stress conditions and virulence. A study indicates that O-acetyltransferase OatA is the most promising candidate for co-drug development since an agent targeting OatA should sensitize L. monocytogenes to certain antibiotics, therefore improving the efficacy of listeriosis treatment as well as food preservation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Krawczyk-Balska
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Z Markiewicz
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Okpo E, Leith J, Smith-Palmer A, Bell J, Parks D, Browning F, Byers L, Corrigan H, Webster D, Karcher AM, Murray A, Storey T. An outbreak of an unusual strain of Listeria monocytogenes infection in North-East Scotland. J Infect Public Health 2015; 8:612-8. [PMID: 26100074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes infection is an important cause of illness and hospitalization in vulnerable individuals. In the present study, we describe a community outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes in the North-East region of Scotland, which was epidemiologically, environmentally and microbiologically linked to a local meat product and ready-to-eat product manufacturer. Infected individuals were interviewed, and an environmental investigation was conducted. Clinical and environmental samples were tested by culture, and isolates were typed by fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (fAFLP). Three cases of Listeria monocytogenes were linked geographically, had the same serotype (1/2a) and were indistinguishable by fAFLP type XII.6. The human, food and environmental isolates were of the same serotype and were indistinguishable by molecular typing. This is the first community outbreak of L. monocytogenes reported in Scotland since the current outbreak surveillance was established in 1996. Epidemiological and laboratory evidence indicated poor hand hygiene, unhygienic practices and cross-contamination throughout the manufacturing process of ready-to-eat foods as a possible cause of the outbreak. More stringent control of commercial food establishments that provide ready-to-eat food and the need to advise specifically vulnerable groups, e.g., pregnant women, of the risk of L. monocytogenes in ready-to-eat food is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Okpo
- Public Health Directorate, NHS Grampian, Summerfield House, 2 Eday Road, Aberdeen AB15 6RE, UK.
| | - Jayne Leith
- Public Health Directorate, NHS Grampian, Summerfield House, 2 Eday Road, Aberdeen AB15 6RE, UK
| | - Alison Smith-Palmer
- Health Protection Scotland, National Services Scotland, 4th Floor, Meridian Court, 5 Cadogan Street, Glasgow G2 6QE, UK
| | - John Bell
- Environmental Health Department, Aberdeenshire Council, Gordon House, Blackhall Road AB51 3WA, UK
| | - Duncan Parks
- Environmental Health Department, Aberdeenshire Council, Gordon House, Blackhall Road AB51 3WA, UK
| | - Fiona Browning
- Public Health Directorate, NHS Grampian, Summerfield House, 2 Eday Road, Aberdeen AB15 6RE, UK
| | - Lynn Byers
- Public Health Directorate, NHS Grampian, Summerfield House, 2 Eday Road, Aberdeen AB15 6RE, UK
| | - Helen Corrigan
- Public Health Directorate, NHS Grampian, Summerfield House, 2 Eday Road, Aberdeen AB15 6RE, UK
| | - Diana Webster
- Public Health Directorate, NHS Grampian, Summerfield House, 2 Eday Road, Aberdeen AB15 6RE, UK
| | - Anne M Karcher
- Medical Microbiology Aberdeen Royal Infirmary Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, UK
| | - Andrew Murray
- Environmental Health Department, Aberdeenshire Council, Gordon House, Blackhall Road AB51 3WA, UK
| | - Tom Storey
- Environmental Health Department, Aberdeenshire Council, Gordon House, Blackhall Road AB51 3WA, UK
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Dhama K, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Shabbir MZ, Barbuddhe S, Malik SVS, Singh RK. Listeriosis in animals, its public health significance (food-borne zoonosis) and advances in diagnosis and control: a comprehensive review. Vet Q 2015; 35:211-35. [PMID: 26073265 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2015.1063023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is an infectious and fatal disease of animals, birds, fish, crustaceans and humans. It is an important food-borne zoonosis caused by Listeria monocytogenes, an intracellular pathogen with unique potential to spread from cell to cell, thereby crossing blood-brain, intestinal and placental barriers. The organism possesses a pile of virulence factors that help to infect the host and evade from host immune machinery. Though disease occurrence is sporadic throughout the world, it can result in severe damage during an outbreak. Listeriosis is characterized by septicaemia, encephalitis, meningitis, meningoencephalitis, abortion, stillbirth, perinatal infections and gastroenteritis with the incubation period varying with the form of infection. L. monocytogenes has been isolated worldwide from humans, animals, poultry, environmental sources like soil, river, decaying plants, and food sources like milk, meat and their products, seafood and vegetables. Since appropriate vaccines are not available and infection is mainly transmitted through foods in humans and animals, hygienic practices can prevent its spread. The present review describes etiology, epidemiology, transmission, clinical signs, post-mortem lesions, pathogenesis, public health significance, and advances in diagnosis, vaccines and treatment of this disease. Special attention has been given to novel as well as prospective emerging therapies that include bacteriophage and cytokine therapy, avian egg yolk antibodies and herbal therapy. Various vaccines, including advances in recombinant and DNA vaccines and their modes of eliciting immune response, are also discussed. Due focus has also been given regarding appropriate prevention and control strategies to be adapted for better management of this zoonotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- a Division of Pathology , Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122 , UP , India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- b Division of Bacteriology and Mycology , Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122 , UP , India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- c Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology , College of Veterinary Sciences , Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU) , Mathura 281001 , India
| | - Muhammad Zubair Shabbir
- d Quality Operations Laboratory , University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Sukhadeo Barbuddhe
- e Indian Council of Agricultural Research Complex for Goa , Old Goa, Goa 403402, India
| | - Satya Veer Singh Malik
- f Division of Veterinary Public Health , Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122 , UP , India
| | - Raj Kumar Singh
- g Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122 , UP , India
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25
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Ndoti-Nembe A, Vu KD, Doucet N, Lacroix M. Antimicrobial Effects of Essential Oils, Nisin, and Irradiation Treatments againstListeria monocytogeneson Ready-to-Eat Carrots. J Food Sci 2015; 80:M795-9. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aude Ndoti-Nembe
- Research Laboratories in Sciences Applied to Food, Canadian Irradiation Center (CIC), INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier; Univ. of Quebec; 531 Boulevard des Prairies Laval Quebec H7V 1B7 Canada
| | - Khanh Dang Vu
- Research Laboratories in Sciences Applied to Food, Canadian Irradiation Center (CIC), INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier; Univ. of Quebec; 531 Boulevard des Prairies Laval Quebec H7V 1B7 Canada
| | - Nicolas Doucet
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier; Univ. of Quebec; 531 Boulevard des Prairies Laval Quebec H7V 1B7 Canada
| | - Monique Lacroix
- Research Laboratories in Sciences Applied to Food, Canadian Irradiation Center (CIC), INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier; Univ. of Quebec; 531 Boulevard des Prairies Laval Quebec H7V 1B7 Canada
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26
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Lahou E, Jacxsens L, Verbunt E, Uyttendaele M. Evaluation of the food safety management system in a hospital food service operation toward Listeria monocytogenes. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Rismondo J, Möller L, Aldridge C, Gray J, Vollmer W, Halbedel S. Discrete and overlapping functions of peptidoglycan synthases in growth, cell division and virulence of Listeria monocytogenes. Mol Microbiol 2014; 95:332-51. [PMID: 25424554 PMCID: PMC4320753 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Upon ingestion of contaminated food, Listeria monocytogenes can cause serious infections in humans that are normally treated with β-lactam antibiotics. These target Listeria's five high molecular weight penicillin-binding proteins (HMW PBPs), which are required for peptidoglycan biosynthesis. The two bi-functional class A HMW PBPs PBP A1 and PBP A2 have transglycosylase and transpeptidase domains catalyzing glycan chain polymerization and peptide cross-linking, respectively, whereas the three class B HMW PBPs B1, B2 and B3 are monofunctional transpeptidases. The precise roles of these PBPs in the cell cycle are unknown. Here we show that green fluorescent protein (GFP)-PBP fusions localized either at the septum, the lateral wall or both, suggesting distinct and overlapping functions. Genetic data confirmed this view: PBP A1 and PBP A2 could not be inactivated simultaneously, and a conditional double mutant strain is largely inducer dependent. PBP B1 is required for rod-shape and PBP B2 for cross-wall biosynthesis and viability, whereas PBP B3 is dispensable for growth and cell division. PBP B1 depletion dramatically increased β-lactam susceptibilities and stimulated spontaneous autolysis but had no effect on peptidoglycan cross-linkage. Our in vitro virulence assays indicated that the complete set of all HMW PBPs is required for maximal virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanine Rismondo
- FG11 Division of Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Legionella, Robert Koch Institute, Burgstrasse 37, 38855, Wernigerode, Germany
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Listeria monocytogenes infection in inflammatory bowel disease patients: case series and review of the literature. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 26:1247-52. [PMID: 25171025 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000000188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is a gram-positive intracellular bacillus that in immunodeficient patients, children, geriatric patients, pregnant women, and even in healthy individuals can cause central nervous system infection, bacteremia, and other clinical manifestations, becoming a relevant pathogen. MATERIALS AND METHODS From the Microbiology Service data of 'Gregorio Marañón' Hospital, we selected all positive biological sample cultures for LM from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, from January 1986 until January 2011. These cases were included in an SPSS database, analyzing several basal clinical characteristics and factors related to the infection. RESULTS Three patients diagnosed with IBD had positive cultures for LM during this period. All of them were male, and also all of them had a diagnosis of Crohn's disease. Every patient had a corticosteroid cumulated dose of more than 400 mg (equivalency in methylprednisolone doses), adding anti-tumor necrosis factor-α treatment (certolizumab) in one patient. Prior colonoscopy with biopsy was performed in two patients. Clinical presentation of the infection was bacteremia in two patients, accompanied by central nervous system infection in one patient. One patient had isolated meningoencephalitis. Despite correct empiric treatment, one patient died from a cause related to the infection, that is, rombencephalitis. Increased incidence of LM bacteremia was found in IBD patients, compared with the general population (12.2 bacteremias/100 000 IBD patient-years, compared with 1.6 bacteremias/100 000 person-years), with an odds ratio of 7.4. CONCLUSION IBD patients may be at risk for more frequent and serious LM infection compared with the general population.
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Pelegrín I, Moragas M, Suárez C, Ribera A, Verdaguer R, Martínez-Yelamos S, Rubio-Borrego F, Ariza J, Viladrich PF, Cabellos C. Listeria monocytogenes meningoencephalitis in adults: analysis of factors related to unfavourable outcome. Infection 2014; 42:817-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s15010-014-0636-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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30
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Silk BJ, McCoy MH, Iwamoto M, Griffin PM. Foodborne listeriosis acquired in hospitals. Clin Infect Dis 2014; 59:532-40. [PMID: 24846635 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is characterized by bacteremia or meningitis. We searched for listeriosis case series and outbreak investigations published in English by 2013, and assessed the strength of evidence for foodborne acquisition among patients who ate hospital food. We identified 30 reports from 13 countries. Among the case series, the median proportion of cases considered to be hospital-acquired was 25% (range, 9%-67%). The median number of outbreak-related illnesses considered to be hospital-acquired was 4.0 (range, 2-16). All patients were immunosuppressed in 18 of 24 (75%) reports with available data. Eight outbreak reports with strong evidence for foodborne acquisition in a hospital implicated sandwiches (3 reports), butter, precut celery, Camembert cheese, sausage, and tuna salad (1 report each). Foodborne acquisition of listeriosis among hospitalized patients is well documented internationally. The number of listeriosis cases could be reduced substantially by establishing hospital policies for safe food preparation for immunocompromised patients and by not serving them higher-risk foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Silk
- Enteric Diseases Epidemiology Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Morgan H McCoy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Martha Iwamoto
- Enteric Diseases Epidemiology Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Patricia M Griffin
- Enteric Diseases Epidemiology Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Chen M, Wu Q, Zhang J, Guo W, Wu S, Yang X. Prevalence and contamination patterns of Listeria monocytogenes in Flammulina velutipes plants. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2014; 11:620-7. [PMID: 24824447 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2013.1727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Four mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) production plants were sampled to investigate the prevalence and contamination source of Listeria monocytogenes. Among 295 samples, the prevalence of L. monocytogenes was 18.6%; the contamination appeared to originate from the mycelium-scraping machinery, contaminating both the product and upstream packaging equipment. Of 55 L. monocytogenes isolates, lineages I.1 (1/2a-3a) and II.2 (1/2b-3b-7) accounted for 65.5% and 34.5%, respectively. In addition, lineage I.1 formed significantly thicker biofilms than those within lineage II.2, as determined by crystal violet staining and scanning electron microscopy. Genotype analyses of L. monocytogenes isolates using enterobacteria repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction, and random amplified polymorphic DNA revealed that the surfaces of mycelium-scraping machinery may serve as the main source of L. monocytogenes contamination in three of the four plants. This study was the first report to explore the potential contamination sources of L. monocytogenes in the mushroom production chain, thereby providing baseline information for adopting prophylactic measures for critical control points during production in mushroom plants to avoid L. monocytogenes contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moutong Chen
- 1 School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, China
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Hernandez-Milian A, Payeras-Cifre A. What is new in listeriosis? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:358051. [PMID: 24822197 PMCID: PMC4005144 DOI: 10.1155/2014/358051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Listeriosis is a disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes). L. monocytogenes is bacteria that usually infects some determined inhabitants, especially high risk patients such as the elderly, immunosuppressed patients and pregnant women. However, it can also affect people who do not have these risk factors. L. monocytogenes is widespread in nature being part of the faecal flora of many mammals and it is a common foodborne source. It is acquired by humans primarily through consumption of contaminated food. Besides, between 1% and 10% of the population is a faecal carrier of L.monocytogenes. Listeriosis may occur sporadically or in outbreaks. Infection causes a spectrum of illness, ranging from febrile gastroenteritis to invasive disease, including bacteraemia, sepsis, and meningoencephalitis. This infection has a low incidence, although it is undeniably increasing, particularly due to the rise of population of over 60 years old or of under 60 years olds with a predisposing condition. The diagnosis is complicated because of its incubation period and the different clinical manifestations. Also listeriosis has a high mortality despite adequate and early treatment. The importance of bacteraemia for L. monocytogenes lies in the infrequency of this bacterium and the high mortality, even with appropriate antibiotic treatment.
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Hernández-Milián A, García Gasalla M, Díaz Antolín P, Payeras Cifré A. Enfermedad por Listeria monocytogenes. Rev Clin Esp 2014; 214:110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rce.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Schramm M, Wiegmann K, Schramm S, Gluschko A, Herb M, Utermöhlen O, Krönke M. Riboflavin (vitamin B2 ) deficiency impairs NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) priming and defense against Listeria monocytogenes. Eur J Immunol 2013; 44:728-41. [PMID: 24272050 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2 , is converted by riboflavin kinase (RFK) into flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), which are essential cofactors of dehydrogenases, reductases, and oxidases including the phagocytic NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2). Riboflavin deficiency is common in young adults and elderly individuals, who are at the coincidental risk for listeriosis. To address the impact of acute riboflavin deficiency on host defense against Listeria monocytogenes (L.m.), we generated conditional RFK knockout (KO) strains of mice. Phagocyte-specific RFK KO impaired the capability of phagocytes to control intracellular L.m., which corresponded to a greater susceptibility of mice to in vivo challenge with L.m. The oxidative burst of RFK-deficient phagocytes in response to L.m. infection was significantly reduced. Mechanistically, TNF-induced priming of Nox2, which is needed for oxidative burst, was defective in RFK-deficient phagocytes. Lack of riboflavin in wild-type macrophages for only 6 h shut down TNF-induced, RFK-mediated de novo FMN/FAD generation, which was accompanied by diminished ROS production and impaired anti-listerial activity. Vice versa, ROS production by riboflavin-deprived macrophages was rapidly restored by riboflavin supplementation. Our results suggest that acute riboflavin deficiency immediately impairs priming of Nox2, which is of crucial relevance for an effective phagocytic immune response in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schramm
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Nakamura H, Takakura KI, Sone Y, Itano Y, Nishikawa Y. Biofilm formation and resistance to benzalkonium chloride in Listeria monocytogenes isolated from a fish processing plant. J Food Prot 2013; 76:1179-86. [PMID: 23834792 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that causes the potentially life-threatening illness listeriosis. Previously, a few clones of L. monocytogenes persisting in a cold-smoked fish processing plant were isolated from the plant's products continuously. To evaluate the role of biofilms in the persistence of L. monocytogenes strains specific to this plant, the abilities of the persistent strain (PS) and transient strain (TS) of L. monocytogenes found in this plant to form biofilms were compared, as was resistance to the sanitizing effects of benzalkonium chloride (BC). The PS produced more biofilm than the TS in 48 h. The half-maximal effective concentration (EC50), the BC concentration at which the ATP bioluminescence of each bacterial strain decreased by 50 % relative to its maximum activity, was about 150-fold higher in the PS than in the TS. In contrast, when these values were measured in organisms in a planktonic state, the EC50 of the PS was only 2.2-fold higher than that of the TS. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were extracted from biofilms, and the glucose content of these biofilms was determined with the phenol-sulfuric acid method to estimate the quantity of EPS. The total amount of EPS in the PS biofilm was higher than that in the TS biofilm. These findings suggest that the PS produces greater amounts of biofilm and EPS than the TS, which results in greater resistance of the PS to disinfectants. The persistence of the strain in the fish processing plant might be attributable to these properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Nakamura
- Department of Microbiology, Osaka City Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, 8-34, Osaka 543-0026, Japan.
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Tsai YH, Disson O, Bierne H, Lecuit M. Murinization of internalin extends its receptor repertoire, altering Listeria monocytogenes cell tropism and host responses. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003381. [PMID: 23737746 PMCID: PMC3667765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is an invasive foodborne pathogen that leads to severe central nervous system and maternal-fetal infections. Lm ability to actively cross the intestinal barrier is one of its key pathogenic properties. Lm crosses the intestinal epithelium upon the interaction of its surface protein internalin (InlA) with its host receptor E-cadherin (Ecad). InlA-Ecad interaction is species-specific, does not occur in wild-type mice, but does in transgenic mice expressing human Ecad and knock-in mice expressing humanized mouse Ecad. To study listeriosis in wild-type mice, InlA has been “murinized” to interact with mouse Ecad. Here, we demonstrate that, unexpectedly, murinized InlA (InlAm) mediates not only Ecad-dependent internalization, but also N-cadherin-dependent internalization. Consequently, InlAm-expressing Lm targets not only goblet cells expressing luminally-accessible Ecad, as does Lm in humanized mice, but also targets villous M cells, which express luminally-accessible N-cadherin. This aberrant Lm portal of entry results in enhanced innate immune responses and intestinal barrier damage, both of which are not observed in wild-type Lm-infected humanized mice. Murinization of InlA therefore not only extends the host range of Lm, but also broadens its receptor repertoire, providing Lm with artifactual pathogenic properties. These results challenge the relevance of using InlAm-expressing Lm to study human listeriosis and in vivo host responses to this human pathogen. Co-evolution of microbes with their hosts can select stringently specific host-microbe interactions at the cell, tissue and species levels. Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a foodborne pathogen that causes a deadly systemic infection in humans. Lm crosses the intestinal epithelium upon the interaction of its surface protein InlA with E-cadherin (Ecad). InlA-Ecad interaction is species-specific, does not occur in wild-type mice, but does in transgenic mice expressing human Ecad and knock-in mice expressing humanized mouse Ecad. To study listeriosis in wild-type mice, InlA has been “murinized” to interact with mouse Ecad. Here, we demonstrate that in addition to interacting with mouse Ecad, InlAm also uses N-cadherin as a receptor, whereas InlA does not. This artifactual InlAm-N-cadherin interaction promotes bacterial translocation across villous M cells, a cell type which is not targeted by InlA-expressing bacteria. This leads to intestinal inflammation and intestinal barrier damage, both of which are not seen in humans and humanized mouse models permissive to InlA-Ecad interaction. These results challenge the relevance of using InlAm-expressing Lm as a model to study human listeriosis and host responses to this pathogen. They also illustrate that caution must be exercised before using “murinized” pathogens to study human infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Huan Tsai
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France
- Inserm U1117, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Disson
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France
- Inserm U1117, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Bierne
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries Cellules, Paris, France
- Inserm, U604, Paris, France
- INRA, USC2020, Paris, France
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France
- Inserm U1117, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, French National Reference Center and World Health Organization Collaborating Center on Listeria, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
- Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, APHP, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Ndoti-Nembe A, Vu KD, Doucet N, Lacroix M. Effect of combination of essential oils and bacteriocins on the efficacy of gamma radiation againstSalmonellaTyphimurium and Listeria monocytogenes. Int J Radiat Biol 2013; 89:794-800. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2013.797621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Mammina C, Parisi A, Guaita A, Aleo A, Bonura C, Nastasi A, Pontello M. Enhanced surveillance of invasive listeriosis in the Lombardy region, Italy, in the years 2006-2010 reveals major clones and an increase in serotype 1/2a. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:152. [PMID: 23530941 PMCID: PMC3616957 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive listeriosis is a rare, life-threatening foodborne disease. Lombardy, an Italian region accounting for 16% of the total population, reported 55% of all listeriosis cases in the years 2006-2010. The aim of our study was to provide a snapshot of listeriosis epidemiology in this region after the implementation of a voluntary laboratory-based surveillance system. METHODS We characterized by serotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, multilocus sequence typing and detection of epidemic clone markers, 134 isolates from 132 listeriosis cases, including 15 pregnancy-related cases, occurring in the years 2006-2010 in Lombardy. Demographic and clinical characteristics of cases have also been described. RESULTS The mean age of non pregnancy-associated cases was 64.7 years, with 55.9% of cases being older than 65 years. Cases having no underlying medical conditions accounted for 11.6%. The all-cause fatality rate of 83 cases with a known survival outcome was 25.3%.Serotypes 1/2a and 4b comprised 52.2% and 38.8% of isolates, respectively. Seventy-three AscI pulsotypes and 25 sequence types assigned to 23 clonal complexes were recognized. Moreover, 53 (39.5%) isolates tested positive for the epidemic clone markers. Twelve molecular subtype clusters including at least three isolates were detected, with cluster 11 (1/2a/ST38) including 31 isolates identified during the entire study period. No outbreaks were notified to public health authorities during this period. CONCLUSIONS The findings of our study proved that epidemiology of listeriosis in Lombardy is characterized by a high prevalence of major clones and the increasing role of serotype 1/2a. Molecular subtyping is an essential tool in the epidemiology and surveillance of listeriosis. Rapid molecular cluster detection could alert about putative outbreaks, thus increasing the chance of detecting and inactivating routes of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Mammina
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Parisi
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - Anna Guaita
- Department of Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Aurora Aleo
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Celestino Bonura
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Nastasi
- Department of Public Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mirella Pontello
- Department of Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Combrouse T, Sadovskaya I, Faille C, Kol O, Guérardel Y, Midelet-Bourdin G. Quantification of the extracellular matrix of the Listeria monocytogenes biofilms of different phylogenic lineages with optimization of culture conditions. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 114:1120-31. [PMID: 23317349 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study was to quantify the extracellular matrix of Listeria monocytogenes biofilm. A preliminary study was carried out to establish a relationship between phylogenetic lineage of 27 strains and their ability to form biofilm in various conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS Biofilm formation on microtitre plates of 27 strains of L. monocytogenes belonging to lineages I or II was evaluated in different conditions [two temperatures (37 and 22°C) and two media (tryptone soy broth yeast extract medium (TSBYE) and MCDB 202 defined medium)] using crystal violet assay. Lineage II strains produced significantly more biofilm than lineage I strains. In microtitre plates assay, biofilm quantities were greater in MCDB 202 vs TSBYE medium [confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis] and at 37 vs 22°C. Cultivable bacteria from biofilm population on Petri dishes were enumerated in greater quantities in TSBYE than in MCDB 202 medium. The SEM investigation established that L. monocytogenes biofilms produce extracellular matrix in both media at 37°C. The amount of exopolymers in the extracellular matrix and the pH values were significantly higher in TSBYE than in MCDB 202 medium. The exception was the ScottA strain that presented similar pH values and exopolymer contents in both media. Proteins were the most abundant exopolymer components, followed by DNA and polysaccharides. CONCLUSIONS The interpretation of results of biofilm quantification was depending on the growth conditions, the viability of the bacteria and the analysis method. The quantities of proteins, DNA and polysaccharides were different according to the strains and the medium. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study screened the potential of a wide panel of L. monocytogenes strains to synthesize exopolymers in biofilm growing condition. The characterization of L. monocytogenes biofilm composition may help to develop new strategies to prevent the formation of biofilms and to remove the biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Combrouse
- Université Lille1, UGSF (Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle), Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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Bou Ghanem EN, Jones GS, Myers-Morales T, Patil PD, Hidayatullah AN, D'Orazio SEF. InlA promotes dissemination of Listeria monocytogenes to the mesenteric lymph nodes during food borne infection of mice. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1003015. [PMID: 23166492 PMCID: PMC3499570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal Listeria monocytogenes infection is not efficient in mice and this has been attributed to a low affinity interaction between the bacterial surface protein InlA and E-cadherin on murine intestinal epithelial cells. Previous studies using either transgenic mice expressing human E-cadherin or mouse-adapted L. monocytogenes expressing a modified InlA protein (InlA(m)) with high affinity for murine E-cadherin showed increased efficiency of intragastric infection. However, the large inocula used in these studies disseminated to the spleen and liver rapidly, resulting in a lethal systemic infection that made it difficult to define the natural course of intestinal infection. We describe here a novel mouse model of oral listeriosis that closely mimics all phases of human disease: (1) ingestion of contaminated food, (2) a distinct period of time during which L. monocytogenes colonize only the intestines, (3) varying degrees of systemic spread in susceptible vs. resistant mice, and (4) late stage spread to the brain. Using this natural feeding model, we showed that the type of food, the time of day when feeding occurred, and mouse gender each affected susceptibility to L. monocytogenes infection. Co-infection studies using L. monocytogenes strains that expressed either a high affinity ligand for E-cadherin (InlA(m)), a low affinity ligand (wild type InlA from Lm EGDe), or no InlA (ΔinlA) showed that InlA was not required to establish intestinal infection in mice. However, expression of InlA(m) significantly increased bacterial persistence in the underlying lamina propria and greatly enhanced dissemination to the mesenteric lymph nodes. Thus, these studies revealed a previously uncharacterized role for InlA in facilitating systemic spread via the lymphatic system after invasion of the gut mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sarah E. F. D'Orazio
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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