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Islam N, Reid D. Inhaled antibiotics: A promising drug delivery strategies for efficient treatment of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) associated with antibiotic resistant biofilm-dwelling and intracellular bacterial pathogens. Respir Med 2024; 227:107661. [PMID: 38729529 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2024.107661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria associated with LRTIs are frequently associated with inefficient treatment outcomes. Antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus, infections are strongly associated with pulmonary exacerbations and require frequent hospital admissions, usually following failed management in the community. These bacteria are difficult to treat as they demonstrate multiple adaptational mechanisms including biofilm formation to resist antibiotic threats. Currently, many patients with the genetic disease cystic fibrosis (CF), non-CF bronchiectasis (NCFB) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) experience exacerbations of their lung disease and require high doses of systemically administered antibiotics to achieve meaningful clinical effects, but even with high systemic doses penetration of antibiotic into the site of infection within the lung is suboptimal. Pulmonary drug delivery technology that reliably deliver antibacterials directly into the infected cells of the lungs and penetrate bacterial biofilms to provide therapeutic doses with a greatly reduced risk of systemic adverse effects. Inhaled liposomal-packaged antibiotic with biofilm-dissolving drugs offer the opportunity for targeted, and highly effective antibacterial therapeutics in the lungs. Although the challenges with development of some inhaled antibiotics and their clinicals trials have been studied; however, only few inhaled products are available on market. This review addresses the current treatment challenges of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the lung with some clinical outcomes and provides future directions with innovative ideas on new inhaled formulations and delivery technology that promise enhanced killing of antibiotic-resistant biofilm-dwelling bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazrul Islam
- Pharmacy Discipline, School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Centre for Immunology and Infection Control (CIIC), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - David Reid
- Lung Inflammation and Infection, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Australia
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Zhu J, Li X, Zhou Y, Ge C, Li X, Hou M, Wei Y, Chen Y, Leong KW, Yin L. Inhaled immunoantimicrobials for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eabd7904. [PMID: 38324682 PMCID: PMC10849584 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd7904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Effective therapeutic modalities and drug administration strategies for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations are lacking. Here, mucus and biofilm dual-penetrating immunoantimicrobials (IMAMs) are developed for bridging antibacterial therapy and pro-resolving immunotherapy of COPD. IMAMs are constructed from ceftazidime (CAZ)-encapsulated hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNs) gated with a charge/conformation-transformable polypeptide. The polypeptide adopts a negatively charged, random-coiled conformation, masking the pores of HMSNs to prevent antibiotic leakage and allowing the nebulized IMAMs to efficiently penetrate the bronchial mucus and biofilm. Inside the acidic biofilm, the polypeptide transforms into a cationic and rigid α helix, enhancing biofilm retention and unmasking the pores to release CAZ. Meanwhile, the polypeptide is conditionally activated to disrupt bacterial membranes and scavenge bacterial DNA, functioning as an adjuvant of CAZ to eradicate lung-colonizing bacteria and inhibiting Toll-like receptor 9 activation to foster inflammation resolution. This immunoantibacterial strategy may shift the current paradigm of COPD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Zhu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chenglong Ge
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xudong Li
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Mengying Hou
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yuansong Wei
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yongbing Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Kam W. Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lichen Yin
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215002, China
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Meng W, Zeng H, Zhao Z, Xiong R, Chen Y, Li Z. Nemonoxacin achieved a better symptomatic improvement and a prolonged interval to next exacerbation than moxifloxacin for outpatients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16954. [PMID: 37805617 PMCID: PMC10560244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44188-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nemonoxacin is a novel non-fluorinated quinolone with strong antibacterial efficacy, but data of its effect on acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is rare. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of oral nemonoxacin with moxifloxacin in AECOPD outpatients. In this retrospective observational study, a total of 101 AECOPD outpatients initially treated with nemonoxacin or moxifloxacin from July 2021 to March 2022 were enrolled. We collected COPD assessment test (CAT), Transition Dyspnea Indices (TDI) scores, and exacerbations information during 24 weeks follow-up from the electronic medical records. Kaplan-Meier curve was used to analyze the time to the next moderate/severe exacerbation. Compared to the moxifloxacin group, changes in CAT scores and TDI scores were significantly higher in the nemonoxacin group, and the nemonoxacin group also had a greater probability to reach the minimal clinically important difference of CAT (71.40% vs. 97.80%, p < 0.01) and TDI (40.50% vs. 60.00%, p < 0.05) at week 4. Despite no significant difference in the incidence of exacerbations between two groups, patients treated with nemonoxacin had a significantly prolonged time to next moderate/severe exacerbation than those with moxifloxacin (p < 0.05). Nemonoxacin achieved a better symptomatic improvement and a prolonged interval to next moderate/severe exacerbation for AECOPD outpatients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Meng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huihui Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiqi Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ruoyan Xiong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhuo Li
- Center for Clinical Trails and Research, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Kim NH, Choi BY, Kim ES, Kim SJ, Hong JY, Heo SH, Jeong JY, Kim K, Yoo HJ, Sul WJ, Lee SW. Systemic antibiotics cause deterioration of emphysema associated with exaggerated inflammation and autophagy. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:2260-2268. [PMID: 37779147 PMCID: PMC10618248 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01099-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the microbial environment and the host is important for immune homeostasis. Recent research suggests that microbiota dysbiosis can be involved in respiratory diseases. Emphysema is a chronic inflammatory disease, but it is unclear whether dysbiosis caused by antibiotics can affect disease progression. Here, we tried to elucidate the effect of systemic antibiotics on smoking-exposed emphysema models. In this study, the antibiotic mixture caused more alveolar destruction and airspace expansion in the smoking group than in the smoking only or control groups. This emphysema aggravation as a result of antibiotic exposure was associated with increased levels of inflammatory cells, IL-6, IFNγ and protein concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Proteomics analysis indicated that autophagy could be involved in antibiotic-associated emphysema aggravation, and increased protein levels of LC3B, atg3, and atg7 were identified by Western blotting. In microbiome and metabolome analyses, the composition of the gut microbiota was different with smoking and antibiotic exposure, and the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including acetate and propionate, were reduced by antibiotic exposure. SCFA administration restored emphysema development with reduced inflammatory cells, IL-6, and IFNγ and decreased LC3B, atg3, and atg7 levels. In conclusion, antibiotics can aggravate emphysema, and inflammation and autophagy may be associated with this aggravation. This study provides important insight into the systemic impact of microbial dysbiosis and the therapeutic potential of utilizing the gut microbiota in emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Hyun Kim
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Yun Choi
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sil Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center and Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jung Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Department of Digital Medicine, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Yeon Hong
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Department of Digital Medicine, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Heo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Yong Jeong
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center and Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunggon Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Department of Digital Medicine, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Yoo
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center and Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jun Sul
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei Won Lee
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Vanoverschelde A, Van Hoey C, Buyle F, Den Blauwen N, Depuydt P, Van Braeckel E, Lahousse L. In-hospital antibiotic use for severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations: a retrospective observational study. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:138. [PMID: 37098509 PMCID: PMC10127022 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02426-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of antibiotics in mild to severe acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains controversial. AIM To explore in-hospital antibiotic use in severe acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD), to analyze determinants of in-hospital antibiotic use, and to investigate its association with hospital length of stay (LOS) and in-hospital mortality. METHODS A retrospective, observational study was conducted in Ghent University Hospital. Severe AECOPD were defined as hospitalizations for AECOPD (ICD-10 J44.0 and J44.1) discharged between 2016 and 2021. Patients with a concomitant diagnosis of pneumonia or 'pure' asthma were excluded. An alluvial plot was used to describe antibiotic treatment patterns. Logistic regression analyses identified determinants of in-hospital antibiotic use. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to compare time to discharge alive and time to in-hospital death between antibiotic-treated and non-antibiotic-treated AECOPD patients. RESULTS In total, 431 AECOPD patients (mean age 70 years, 63% males) were included. More than two-thirds (68%) of patients were treated with antibiotics, mainly amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. In multivariable analysis, several patient-related variables (age, body mass index (BMI), cancer), treatment-related variables (maintenance azithromycin, theophylline), clinical variables (sputum volume and body temperature) and laboratory results (C-reactive protein (CRP) levels) were associated with in-hospital antibiotic use independent of sputum purulence, neutrophil counts, inhaled corticosteroids and intensive care unit of which CRP level was the strongest determinant. The median hospital LOS was significantly longer in antibiotic-treated patients (6 days [4-10]) compared to non-antibiotic-treated patients (4 days [2-7]) (p < 0.001, Log rank test). This was indicated by a reduced probability of hospital discharge even after adjustment for age, sputum purulence, BMI, in-hospital systemic corticosteroid use and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (adjusted hazard ratio 0.60; 95% CI 0.43; 0.84). In-hospital antibiotic use was not significantly associated with in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS In this observational study in a Belgian tertiary hospital, in-hospital antibiotic use among patients with severe AECOPD was determined by the symptom severity of the exacerbation and the underlying COPD severity as recommended by the guidelines, but also by patient-related variables. Moreover, in-hospital antibiotic use was associated with a longer hospital stay, which may be linked to their disease severity, slower response to treatment or 'harm' due to antibiotics. TRIAL REGISTRATION Number: B670201939030; date of registration: March 5, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vanoverschelde
- Department of Bioanalysis, Pharmaceutical Care Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chloë Van Hoey
- Department of Bioanalysis, Pharmaceutical Care Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Franky Buyle
- Department of Pharmacy, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nadia Den Blauwen
- Medical Coding Department, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Depuydt
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Intensive Care, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Van Braeckel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lies Lahousse
- Department of Bioanalysis, Pharmaceutical Care Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Agusti A, Ambrosino N, Blackstock F, Bourbeau J, Casaburi R, Celli B, Crouch R, Negro RD, Dreher M, Garvey C, Gerardi D, Goldstein R, Hanania N, Holland AE, Kaur A, Lareau S, Lindenauer PK, Mannino D, Make B, Maltais F, Marciniuk JD, Meek P, Morgan M, Pepin JL, Reardon JZ, Rochester C, Singh S, Spruit MA, Steiner MC, Troosters T, Vitacca M, Clini E, Jardim J, Nici L, Raskin J, ZuWallack R. COPD: Providing the right treatment for the right patient at the right time. Respir Med 2023; 207:107041. [PMID: 36610384 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2022.107041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality that is both preventable and treatable. However, a major challenge in recognizing, preventing, and treating COPD is understanding its complexity. While COPD has historically been characterized as a disease defined by airflow limitation, we now understand it as a multi-component disease with many clinical phenotypes, systemic manifestations, and associated co-morbidities. Evidence is rapidly emerging in our understanding of the many factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of COPD and the identification of "early" or "pre-COPD" which should provide exciting opportunities for early treatment and disease modification. In addition to breakthroughs in our understanding of the origins of COPD, we are optimizing treatment strategies and delivery of care that are showing impressive benefits in patient-centered outcomes and healthcare utilization. This special issue of Respiratory Medicine, "COPD: Providing the Right Treatment for the Right Patient at the Right Time" is a summary of the proceedings of a conference held in Stresa, Italy in April 2022 that brought together international experts to discuss emerging evidence in COPD and Pulmonary Rehabilitation in honor of a distinguished friend and colleague, Claudio Ferdinando Donor (1948-2021). Claudio was a true pioneer in the field of pulmonary rehabilitation and the comprehensive care of individuals with COPD. He held numerous leadership roles in in the field, provide editorial stewardship of several respiratory journals, authored numerous papers, statement and guidelines in COPD and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, and provided mentorship to many in our field. Claudio's most impressive talent was his ability to organize spectacular conferences and symposia that highlighted cutting edge science and clinical medicine. It is in this spirit that this conference was conceived and planned. These proceedings are divided into 4 sections which highlight crucial areas in the field of COPD: (1) New concepts in COPD pathogenesis; (2) Enhancing outcomes in COPD; (3) Non-pharmacologic management of COPD; and (4) Optimizing delivery of care for COPD. These presentations summarize the newest evidence in the field and capture lively discussion on the exciting future of treating this prevalent and impactful disease. We thank each of the authors for their participation and applaud their efforts toward pushing the envelope in our understanding of COPD and optimizing care for these patients. We believe that this edition is a most fitting tribute to a dear colleague and friend and will prove useful to students, clinicians, and researchers as they continually strive to provide the right treatment for the right patient at the right time. It has been our pleasure and a distinct honor to serve as editors and oversee such wonderful scholarly work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvar Agusti
- Clinic Barcelona Hospital University, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | - Jean Bourbeau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, CA, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Roberto Dal Negro
- National Centre for Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmacoepidemiology (CESFAR), Verona, Italy.
| | - Michael Dreher
- Clinic of Cardiology, Angiology, Pneumology and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, 52074, DE, USA.
| | | | | | - Roger Goldstein
- Respiratory Rehabilitation Service, West Park Health Care Centre, Toronto, Ontario, CA, USA.
| | | | - Anne E Holland
- Departments of Physiotherapy and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Antarpreet Kaur
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Trinity Health of New England, Hartford, CT, USA; University of Colorado School of Nursing, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Suzanne Lareau
- University of Colorado School of Nursing, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Peter K Lindenauer
- Department of Healthcare Delivery and Population Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School - Baystate, Springfield, MA, USA.
| | | | - Barry Make
- National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.
| | - François Maltais
- Institut Universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, CA, USA.
| | - Jeffrey D Marciniuk
- Division of Respirology, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, CA, USA.
| | - Paula Meek
- University of Utah College of Nursing, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Mike Morgan
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester, UK.
| | - Jean-Louis Pepin
- CHU de Grenoble - Clin Univ. de physiologie, sommeil et exercice, Grenoble, France.
| | - Jane Z Reardon
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Trinity Health of New England, Hartford, CT, USA.
| | | | - Sally Singh
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University of Leicester, UK.
| | | | - Michael C Steiner
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Professor, University of Leicester, UK.
| | - Thierry Troosters
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, KU Leuven: Leuven, Vlaanderen, Belgium.
| | - Michele Vitacca
- Department of Respiratory Rehabilitation, ICS S. Maugeri Care and Research Institutes, IRCCS Pavia, Italy.
| | - Enico Clini
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Jose Jardim
- Federal University of Sao Paulo Paulista, Brazil.
| | - Linda Nici
- nBrown University School of Medicine, USA.
| | | | - Richard ZuWallack
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, 114 Woodland Street, Hartford, CT, 06105, USA.
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Short- Versus Standard-Course Nonmacrolide Antibiotic Treatment in Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Retrospective, Observational Cohort Study. Clin Ther 2021; 43:1948-1956.e1. [PMID: 34736767 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2021.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In critically ill patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and without positive microbiological data, the efficacy and tolerability of short-course nonmacrolide antibiotics are ill-described and have pertinent implications in antimicrobial stewardship. This study compared the efficacy and tolerability of nonmacrolide antibiotic strategies in critically ill patients with AECOPD and without pertinent positive microbiological testing. METHODS This single-center, retrospective cohort study was conducted in culture-negative critically ill adults admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) between July 1, 2014, and July 1, 2019, for the treatment of AECOPD. Included patients received treatment with an empiric corticosteroid, azithromycin, and/or a nonmacrolide antibiotic. Patients treated with a nonmacrolide antibiotic for ≤3 and >3 days made up the short- and standard-course groups, respectively. The prevalence of in-hospital mortality, progression to the need for ventilation, and/or readmission for AECOPD within 30 days (primary composite end point) was compared between the two groups. Additional end points included hospital and ICU lengths of stay (LOS), all-cause 30-day readmission, and prevalence of antibiotic-related adverse events. FINDINGS A total of 135 patients were included (short course, 66; standard course, 69). The differences in the primary composite end point (short vs standard, 24.2% vs 39.1%; P = 0.06) and its individual components were not significant. The median ICU LOS (2 vs 3 days) and hospital LOS (4 vs 6 days) were shorter in the short-course group (both, P < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression confirmed no association between group assignment and the primary end point. IMPLICATIONS Short-course nonmacrolide therapy in patients with AECOPD and no positive microbiological testing was not associated with differences in mortality, progression to ventilation, readmission rate, or prevalence of adverse drug events. Larger-scale prospective studies are needed to validate these findings.
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Kelly N, Winning L, Irwin C, Lundy FT, Linden D, McGarvey L, Linden GJ, El Karim IA. Periodontal status and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations: a systematic review. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:425. [PMID: 34479518 PMCID: PMC8418022 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01757-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of evidence suggests a role for oral bacteria in lung infections. This systematic review aimed to analyse the association between poor periodontal status and the frequency of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL and Medline were searched for studies published until May 2020, with no language restriction. Studies reporting periodontal condition, or periodontal treatment outcomes, with data on the frequency of exacerbations of COPD, were identified. The primary outcome was the frequency of exacerbations and secondary outcomes included quality of life (QoL) and hospitalisation. Quality and risk of bias assessment were carried out using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale for observational studies, Robins-1 tool for non-randomised intervention studies and Cochrane risk of bias assessment (RoB-2) tool for randomised clinical trials. Studies were assessed for eligibility and quality by two assessors independently. RESULTS Searches identified 532 records and 8 met the inclusion criteria. Included studies were three clinical trials, one prospective cohort study, one case-control, and three cross-sectional studies. A narrative synthesis was performed. The data from intervention studies showed reduction in the frequency of exacerbations following periodontal treatment. Data from observational studies suggest association of worse plaque scores and fewer teeth with exacerbation, but not pocket depth or clinical attachment loss. Better periodontal health was also associated with reduced frequency of COPD exacerbations, hospitalisations and improved quality of life in COPD patients. Due to the high heterogeneity no meta-analysis was performed. The quality of some of the included studies was low and there was evidence of a high risk of bias. CONCLUSION The data supports possible association between poor periodontal health, the frequency of exacerbations, hospitalisation and quality of life in COPD patients. The evidence is of moderate to low certainty and is limited by high risk of bias suggesting the need for well-designed and adequately powered randomised controlled trials, to inform future research and clinical practice. The PROSPERO registration number CRD42020180328.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Kelly
- Centre for Dentistry, School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Lewis Winning
- Division of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christopher Irwin
- Centre for Dentistry, School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Fionnuala T Lundy
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Dermot Linden
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Lorcan McGarvey
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Gerard J Linden
- Institute of Clinical Sciences Block B, Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Ikhlas A El Karim
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
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Cantón R. [Current microbiological aspects of community respiratory infection beyond COVID-19]. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA 2021; 34:81-92. [PMID: 33749214 PMCID: PMC8019468 DOI: 10.37201/req/049.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
From a microbiological point of view, both empirical and targeted antimicrobial treatment in respiratory infection is based on the sensitivity profile of isolated microorganisms and the possible resistance mechanisms that they may present. The latter may vary in different geographic areas according to prescription profiles and vaccination programs. Beta-lactam antibiotics, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides are the most commonly used antimicrobials during the exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and community-acquired pneumonia. In their prescription, different aspects such as intrinsic activity, bactericidal effect or their ability to prevent the development of resistance must be taken into account. The latter is related to the PK/PD parameters, the mutant prevention concentration and the so-called selection window. More recently, the potential ecological impact has grown in importance, not only on the intestinal microbiota, but also on the respiratory one. Maintaining the state of eubiosis requires the use of antimicrobials with a low profile of action on anaerobic bacteria. With their use, the resilience of the bacterial populations belonging to the microbiota, the state of resistance of colonization and the collateral damage related to the emergence of resistance to the antimicrobials in pathogens causing the infections and in the bacterial populations integrating the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cantón
- Rafael Cantón. Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal e Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS). Madrid. Spain.
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10
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Sweeney E, Sabnis A, Edwards AM, Harrison F. Effect of host-mimicking medium and biofilm growth on the ability of colistin to kill Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2020; 166:1171-1180. [PMID: 33253080 PMCID: PMC7819359 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In vivo biofilms cause recalcitrant infections with extensive and unpredictable antibiotic tolerance. Here, we demonstrate increased tolerance of colistin by Pseudomonas aeruginosa when grown in medium that mimics cystic fibrosis (CF) sputum versus standard medium in in vitro biofilm assays, and drastically increased tolerance when grown in an ex vivo CF model versus the in vitro assay. We used colistin conjugated to the fluorescent dye BODIPY to assess the penetration of the antibiotic into ex vivo biofilms and showed that poor penetration partly explains the high doses of drug necessary to kill bacteria in these biofilms. The ability of antibiotics to penetrate the biofilm matrix is key to their clinical success, but hard to measure. Our results demonstrate both the importance of reduced entry into the matrix in in vivo-like biofilm, and the tractability of using a fluorescent tag and benchtop fluorimeter to assess antibiotic entry into biofilms. This method could be a relatively quick, cheap and useful addition to diagnostic and drug development pipelines, allowing the assessment of drug entry into biofilms, in in vivo-like conditions, prior to more detailed tests of biofilm killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Sweeney
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Akshay Sabnis
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Rd, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Andrew M Edwards
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Rd, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Freya Harrison
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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11
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Varol Y, Karakurt Z, Çırak AK, Şahin HD, Kıraklı C, Kömürcüoğlu B. Inappropriate Utilization of Antibiotics in COPD Exacerbations. Turk Thorac J 2020; 21:397-403. [PMID: 33352095 DOI: 10.5152/turkthoracj.2020.19074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Most exacerbations are mild to moderate, and antibiotic treatment for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is recommended for patients with severe exacerbations or severe underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Therefore, we aimed to investigate the patient factors that are associated with the prescription of antibiotics for inappropriate indication in AECOPD. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study was an observational cross-sectional study conducted in an outpatient clinic. The patients diagnosed with AECOPD and prescribed an antibiotic by a pulmonary physician were enrolled in the study. These prescriptions were documented by the pharmacist who asked the patient about the three cardinal symptoms. Appropriate and inappropriate prescription groups were defined by the types of exacerbations, as defined by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) COPD report. RESULTS There were 138 patients, predominantly male (83%), with a mean age of 64 (±9) years. A total of 64% of the prescriptions were appropriate; however, there were 50 (36%) patients with inappropriate antibiotic prescription according to the mentioned criteria. When we compared the patient factors between the appropriate and inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions, there was no statistically significant difference in terms of age, Forced expiratory volume in first second % (FEV1%) predicted, FEV1 ml, forced vital capacity (FVC) ml, FEV1/FVC, and amount (packs/year) of smoking (p>0.05 for all parameters). FVC% was statistically significantly lower in the appropriate antibiotic prescription group compared with that in the inappropriate antibiotic prescription group (p=0.049). CONCLUSION This study shows that most pulmonary physicians have a tendency to prescribe antibiotics for AECOPD according to the defined GOLD criteria. However, some of the physicians also prefer to prescribe antibiotics self-directedly, irrespective of the GOLD criteria. A physician-based questionnaire can be completed for future studies to define the underlying reasons for antibiotic prescription demands for cases of mild AECOPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelda Varol
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Health Sciences, Dr. Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Karakurt
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Health Sciences, Süreyyapasa Chest Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Kadri Çırak
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Health Sciences, Dr. Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Hülya Doğan Şahin
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Health Sciences, Dr. Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Cenk Kıraklı
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Health Sciences, Dr. Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Berna Kömürcüoğlu
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Health Sciences, Dr. Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
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12
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Lopez-Campos JL, Miravitlles M, de la Rosa Carrillo D, Cantón R, Soler-Cataluña JJ, Martinez-Garcia MA. Current Challenges in Chronic Bronchial Infection in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1639. [PMID: 32481769 PMCID: PMC7356662 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and their physicians face a number of significant clinical challenges, one of which is the high degree of uncertainty related to chronic bronchial infection (CBI). By reviewing the current literature, several challenges can be identified, which should be considered as goals for research. One of these is to establish the bases for identifying the biological and clinical implications of the presence of potentially pathogenic microorganisms in the airways that should be more clearly elucidated according to the COPD phenotype. Another urgent area of research is the role of long-term preventive antibiotics. Clinical trials need to be carried out with inhaled antibiotic therapy to help clarify the profile of those antibiotics. The role of inhaled corticosteroids in patients with COPD and CBI needs to be studied to instruct the clinical management of these patients. Finally, it should be explored and confirmed whether a suitable antimicrobial treatment during exacerbations may contribute to breaking the vicious circle of CBI in COPD. The present review addresses the current state of the art in these areas to provide evidence which will enable us to progressively plan better healthcare for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Lopez-Campos
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.); (M.A.M.-G.)
| | - Marc Miravitlles
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.); (M.A.M.-G.)
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron/Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Cantón
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Miguel Angel Martinez-Garcia
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.); (M.A.M.-G.)
- Pneumology Department, Universitary and Polytechnic La Fe Hospital, 46015 Valencia, Spain
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13
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Teimouri H, Kolomeisky AB. Theoretical investigation of stochastic clearance of bacteria: first-passage analysis. J R Soc Interface 2020; 16:20180765. [PMID: 30890051 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding mechanisms of bacterial eradication is critically important for overcoming failures of antibiotic treatments. Current studies suggest that the clearance of large bacterial populations proceeds deterministically, while for smaller populations, the stochastic effects become more relevant. Here, we develop a theoretical approach to investigate the bacterial population dynamics under the effect of antibiotic drugs using a method of first-passage processes. It allows us to explicitly evaluate the most important characteristics of bacterial clearance dynamics such as extinction probabilities and extinction times. The new meaning of minimal inhibitory concentrations for stochastic clearance of bacterial populations is also discussed. In addition, we investigate the effect of fluctuations in population growth rates on the dynamics of bacterial eradication. It is found that extinction probabilities and extinction times generally do not correlate with each other when random fluctuations in the growth rates are taking place. Unexpectedly, for a significant range of parameters, the extinction times increase due to these fluctuations, indicating a slowing in the bacterial clearance dynamics. It is argued that this might be one of the initial steps in the pathway for the development of antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, it is suggested that extinction times is a convenient measure of bacterial tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Teimouri
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Rice University , Houston, TX , USA.,3 Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University , Houston, TX , USA
| | - Anatoly B Kolomeisky
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Rice University , Houston, TX , USA.,2 Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University , Houston, TX , USA.,3 Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University , Houston, TX , USA
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14
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In Vitro Anti-NTHi Activity of Haemophilin-Producing Strains of Haemophilus haemolyticus. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9040243. [PMID: 32218184 PMCID: PMC7238096 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9040243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a leading causative organism of opportunistic respiratory tract infections. However, there are currently no effective vaccination strategies, and existing treatments are compromised by antibiotic resistance. We previously characterized Haemophilus haemolyticus (Hh) strains capable of producing haemophilin (HPL), a heme-binding protein that restricts NTHi growth by limiting its access to an essential growth factor, heme. Thus, these strains may have utility as a probiotic therapy against NTHi infection by limiting colonization, migration and subsequent infection in susceptible individuals. Here, we assess the preliminary feasibility of this approach by direct in vitro competition assays between NTHi and Hh strains with varying capacity to produce HPL. Subsequent changes in NTHi growth rate and fitness, in conjunction with HPL expression analysis, were employed to assess the NTHi-inhibitory capacity of Hh strains. HPL-producing strains of Hh not only outcompeted NTHi during short-term and extended co-culture, but also demonstrated a growth advantage compared with Hh strains unable to produce the protein. Additionally, HPL expression levels during competition correlated with the NTHi-inhibitory phenotype. HPL-producing strains of Hh demonstrate significant probiotic potential against NTHi colonization in the upper respiratory tract, however, further investigations are warranted to demonstrate a range of other characteristics that would support the eventual development of a probiotic.
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15
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Behçet M, AVCIOĞLU F, ÖZSARI E, TUĞ T, KURTOĞLU MG. KOAH AKUT ATAK NEDENİYLE YATAN HASTALARDA BAKTERİYEL ENFEKSİYON ETKENLERİ, ANTİBİYOTİK DİRENCİ VE KOMORBİDİTENİN ARAŞTIRILMASI. DÜZCE ÜNIVERSITESI SAĞLIK BILIMLERI ENSTITÜSÜ DERGISI 2020. [DOI: 10.33631/duzcesbed.571257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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16
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Covián C, Fernández-Fierro A, Retamal-Díaz A, Díaz FE, Vasquez AE, Lay MK, Riedel CA, González PA, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM. BCG-Induced Cross-Protection and Development of Trained Immunity: Implication for Vaccine Design. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2806. [PMID: 31849980 PMCID: PMC6896902 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a live attenuated tuberculosis vaccine that has the ability to induce non-specific cross-protection against pathogens that might be unrelated to the target disease. Vaccination with BCG reduces mortality in newborns and induces an improved innate immune response against microorganisms other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis, such as Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus. Innate immune cells, including monocytes and natural killer (NK) cells, contribute to this non-specific immune protection in a way that is independent of memory T or B cells. This phenomenon associated with a memory-like response in innate immune cells is known as "trained immunity." Epigenetic reprogramming through histone modification in the regulatory elements of particular genes has been reported as one of the mechanisms associated with the induction of trained immunity in both, humans and mice. Indeed, it has been shown that BCG vaccination induces changes in the methylation pattern of histones associated with specific genes in circulating monocytes leading to a "trained" state. Importantly, these modifications can lead to the expression and/or repression of genes that are related to increased protection against secondary infections after vaccination, with improved pathogen recognition and faster inflammatory responses. In this review, we discuss BCG-induced cross-protection and acquisition of trained immunity and potential heterologous effects of recombinant BCG vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Covián
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Ayleen Fernández-Fierro
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Angello Retamal-Díaz
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabián E Díaz
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Abel E Vasquez
- Sección de Biotecnología, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Margarita K Lay
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Claudia A Riedel
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Endocrinología, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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17
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New therapeutic targets for the prevention of infectious acute exacerbations of COPD: role of epithelial adhesion molecules and inflammatory pathways. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:1663-1703. [PMID: 31346069 DOI: 10.1042/cs20181009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic respiratory diseases are among the leading causes of mortality worldwide, with the major contributor, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) accounting for approximately 3 million deaths annually. Frequent acute exacerbations (AEs) of COPD (AECOPD) drive clinical and functional decline in COPD and are associated with accelerated loss of lung function, increased mortality, decreased health-related quality of life and significant economic costs. Infections with a small subgroup of pathogens precipitate the majority of AEs and consequently constitute a significant comorbidity in COPD. However, current pharmacological interventions are ineffective in preventing infectious exacerbations and their treatment is compromised by the rapid development of antibiotic resistance. Thus, alternative preventative therapies need to be considered. Pathogen adherence to the pulmonary epithelium through host receptors is the prerequisite step for invasion and subsequent infection of surrounding structures. Thus, disruption of bacterial-host cell interactions with receptor antagonists or modulation of the ensuing inflammatory profile present attractive avenues for therapeutic development. This review explores key mediators of pathogen-host interactions that may offer new therapeutic targets with the potential to prevent viral/bacterial-mediated AECOPD. There are several conceptual and methodological hurdles hampering the development of new therapies that require further research and resolution.
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18
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Liang X, Gupta K, Quintero JR, Cernadas M, Kobzik L, Christou H, Pier GB, Owen CA, Çataltepe S. Macrophage FABP4 is required for neutrophil recruitment and bacterial clearance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. FASEB J 2019; 33:3562-3574. [PMID: 30462529 PMCID: PMC6988858 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802002r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), an intracellular lipid chaperone and adipokine, is expressed by lung macrophages, but the function of macrophage-FABP4 remains elusive. We investigated the role of FABP4 in host defense in a murine model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Compared with wild-type (WT) mice, FABP4-deficient (FABP4-/-) mice exhibited decreased bacterial clearance and increased mortality when challenged intranasally with P. aeruginosa. These findings in FABP4-/- mice were associated with a delayed neutrophil recruitment into the lungs and were followed by greater acute lung injury and inflammation. Among leukocytes, only macrophages expressed FABP4 in WT mice with P. aeruginosa pneumonia. Chimeric FABP4-/- mice with WT bone marrow were protected from increased mortality seen in chimeric WT mice with FABP4-/- bone marrow during P. aeruginosa pneumonia, thus confirming the role of macrophages as the main source of protective FABP4 against that infection. There was less production of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) in FABP4-/- alveolar macrophages and lower airway CXCL1 levels in FABP4-/- mice. Delivering recombinant CXCL1 to the airways protected FABP4-/- mice from increased susceptibility to P. aeruginosa pneumonia. Thus, macrophage-FABP4 has a novel role in pulmonary host defense against P. aeruginosa infection by facilitating crosstalk between macrophages and neutrophils via regulation of macrophage CXCL1 production.-Liang, X., Gupta, K., Rojas Quintero, J., Cernadas, M., Kobzik, L., Christou, H., Pier, G. B., Owen, C. A., Çataltepe, S. Macrophage FABP4 is required for neutrophil recruitment and bacterial clearance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Liang
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kushagra Gupta
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joselyn Rojas Quintero
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manuela Cernadas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lester Kobzik
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Helen Christou
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gerald B. Pier
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and
| | - Caroline A. Owen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Sule Çataltepe
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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19
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Kiser TH, Reynolds PM, Moss M, Burnham EL, Ho PM, Vandivier RW. Impact of Macrolide Antibiotics on Hospital Readmissions and Other Clinically Important Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients with Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study. Pharmacotherapy 2019; 39:242-252. [PMID: 30663791 PMCID: PMC6445270 DOI: 10.1002/phar.2221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To assess whether a macrolide-based antibiotic treatment strategy reduces in-hospital mortality, decreases hospital readmissions, or improves other clinically important outcomes compared with a non-macrolide antibiotic treatment strategy in critically ill patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). DESIGN Propensity score-matched pharmacoepidemiologic cohort study. DATA SOURCE Premier's Perspective Hospital Database. PATIENTS A total of 28,700 adults aged 40 years or older who were admitted to one of 566 United States intensive care units and had the primary diagnosis of AECOPD between January 2010 and December 2014 and received antibiotic treatment within 2 days of hospital admission were included. Patients were divided into macrolide (11,602 patients [40%]) or non-macrolide (17,098 patients [60%]) antibiotic treatment groups. Propensity score analysis successfully matched 8660 patients in each treatment group. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In the matched cohort, the macrolide treatment group was not associated with decreased hospital mortality after day 2 (3.0% vs 3.3%, p=0.28), intensive care unit length of stay (2 days vs 2 days, p=0.12), hospital length of stay (6 days vs 6 days, p=0.86), or length of assisted ventilation (3 days vs 3 days, p=0.71), compared with the non-macrolide treatment group. However, a macrolide-based antibiotic regimen was associated with an overall reduction in 30-day hospital readmissions (7.3% vs 8.8%, p<0.01), increased time to next all-cause (159 vs 130 days, p<0.01) or AECOPD (200 vs 175 days, p=0.03) readmission, and decreased hospital costs ($32,730 vs $34,021, p<0.01). CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that inclusion of a macrolide antibiotic in the treatment regimen may have both acute and sustained benefits in critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit with an AECOPD, including reductions in hospital readmissions and improvements in time to next readmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyree H. Kiser
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Denver, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Aurora, Colorado
- Colorado Pulmonary Outcomes Research Group (CPOR), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora,
Colorado
| | - Paul M. Reynolds
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Denver, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Marc Moss
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado,
Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Colorado Pulmonary Outcomes Research Group (CPOR), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora,
Colorado
| | - Ellen L. Burnham
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado,
Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Colorado Pulmonary Outcomes Research Group (CPOR), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora,
Colorado
| | - P. Michael Ho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora,
Colorado
- Colorado Pulmonary Outcomes Research Group (CPOR), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora,
Colorado
| | - R. William Vandivier
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado,
Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Colorado Pulmonary Outcomes Research Group (CPOR), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora,
Colorado
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20
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Winning L, Patterson CC, Cullen KM, Kee F, Linden GJ. Chronic periodontitis and reduced respiratory function. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46:266-275. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Winning
- Centre for Public HealthSchool of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University Belfast Belfast UK
| | - Christopher C. Patterson
- Centre for Public HealthSchool of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University Belfast Belfast UK
| | - Kathy M. Cullen
- Centre for Medical EducationSchool of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University Belfast Belfast UK
| | - Frank Kee
- Centre for Public HealthSchool of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University Belfast Belfast UK
| | - Gerard J. Linden
- Centre for Public HealthSchool of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University Belfast Belfast UK
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21
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Wallin M, Tang P, Chang RYK, Yang M, Finlay WH, Chan HK. Aerosol drug delivery to the lungs during nasal high flow therapy: an in vitro study. BMC Pulm Med 2019; 19:42. [PMID: 30767769 PMCID: PMC6376697 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-019-0807-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aerosol delivery through a nasal high flow (NHF) system is attractive for clinicians as it allows for simultaneous administration of oxygen and inhalable drugs. However, delivering a fine particle fraction (FPF, particle wt. fraction < 5.0 μm) of drugs into the lungs has been very challenging, with highest value of only 8%. Here, we aim to develop an efficient nose-to-lung delivery system capable of delivering improved quantities (FPF > 16%) of dry powder aerosols to the lungs via an NHF system. Methods We evaluated the FPF of spray-dried mannitol with leucine with a next generation impactor connected to a nasopharyngeal outlet of an adult nasal airway replica. In addition, we investigated the influence of different dispersion (20–30 L/min) and inspiratory (20–40 L/min) flow rates, on FPF. Results We found an FPF of 32% with dispersion flow rate at 25 L/min and inspiratory flow rate at 40 L/min. The lowest FPF (21%) obtained was at the dispersion flow rate at 30 L/min and inspiratory flow rate at 30 L/min. A higher inspiratory flow rate was generally associated with a higher FPF. The nasal cannula accounted for most loss of aerosols. Conclusions In conclusion, delivering a third of inhalable powder to the lungs is possible in vitro through an NHF system using a low dispersion airflow and a highly dispersible powder. Our results may lay the foundation for clinical evaluation of powder aerosol delivery to the lungs during NHF therapy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wallin
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patricia Tang
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Rachel Yoon Kyung Chang
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Mingshi Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Warren H Finlay
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G1H9, Canada
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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22
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Gao X, Chen Y, Chen Z, Xue Z, Jia Y, guo Q, Ma Q, Zhang M, Chen H. Identification and antimicrobial activity evaluation of three peptides from laba garlic and the related mechanism. Food Funct 2019; 10:4486-4496. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00236g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Laba garlic is a traditional Chinese processed garlic (Allium sativum L.) with multiple health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Yue Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Zhongqin Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Zihan Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Yanan Jia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Qingwen guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Qiqi Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- P.R. China
| | - Haixia Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
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23
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Burgess JK, Heijink IH. Chronic Lung Pathologies That Require Repair and Regeneration. STEM CELL-BASED THERAPY FOR LUNG DISEASE 2019. [PMCID: PMC7122311 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-29403-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary fibrosis, are a major cause of mortality worldwide. With the increasing incidence with ageing, the full impact of these diseases is yet to be realised. For most chronic lung diseases there are limited treatments options, with the existing approaches mainly addressing symptom relief. Little progress has been made, in recent years, in the development of new therapeutic strategies for managing these burdensome pathologies. There is an urgent need to increase our understanding of the mechanisms underlying these diseases. Endogenous progenitor cells (stem cells) have been recognised in many organs, including the lungs where they are suggested to maintain a population of cells that are able to facilitate the endogenous repair processes. Emerging knowledge of how these repair processes are disrupted in chronic lung diseases and the potential to capitalise upon the regenerative capacity of stem cell populations raise the hopes of the field worldwide for innovative treatment approaches for these devastating diseases in the future. This chapter outlines the series of diseases that may benefit from these emerging new therapeutic outlooks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette K. Burgess
- The University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Irene H. Heijink
- The University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
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24
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Sánchez-Ramón S, Conejero L, Netea MG, Sancho D, Palomares Ó, Subiza JL. Trained Immunity-Based Vaccines: A New Paradigm for the Development of Broad-Spectrum Anti-infectious Formulations. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2936. [PMID: 30619296 PMCID: PMC6304371 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Challenge with specific microbial stimuli induces long lasting epigenetic changes in innate immune cells that result in their enhanced response to a second challenge by the same or unrelated microbial insult, a process referred to as trained immunity. This opens a new avenue in vaccinology to develop Trained Immunity-based Vaccines (TIbV), defined as vaccine formulations that induce training in innate immune cells. Unlike conventional vaccines, which are aimed to elicit only specific responses to vaccine-related antigens, TIbV aim to stimulate broader responses. As trained immunity is generally triggered by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), TIbV should be formulated with microbial structures containing suitable PRR-ligands. The TIbV concept we describe here may be used for the development of vaccines focused to promote host resistance against a wide spectrum of pathogens. Under the umbrella of trained immunity, a broad protection can be achieved by: (i) increasing the nonspecific effector response of innate immune cells (e.g., monocyte/macrophages) to pathogens, (ii) harnessing the activation state of dendritic cells to enhance adaptive T cell responses to both specific and nonrelated (bystander) antigens. This capacity of TIbV to promote responses beyond their nominal antigens may be particularly useful when conventional vaccines are not available or when multiple coinfections and/or recurrent infections arise in susceptible individuals. As the set of PRR-ligands chosen is essential not only for stimulating trained immunity but also to drive adaptive immunity, the precise design of TIbV will improve with the knowledge on the functional relationship among the different PRRs. While the TIbV concept is emerging, a number of the current anti-infectious vaccines, immunostimulants, and even vaccine adjuvants may already fall in the TIbV category. This may apply to increase immunogenicity of novel vaccine design approaches based on small molecules, like those achieved by reverse vaccinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Sánchez-Ramón
- Department of Clinical Immunology and IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Immunology, ENT and Ophthalmology, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department for Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - David Sancho
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Bianco A, Papadopoli R, Mascaro V, Pileggi C, Pavia M. Antibiotic prescriptions to adults with acute respiratory tract infections by Italian general practitioners. Infect Drug Resist 2018; 11:2199-2205. [PMID: 30519057 PMCID: PMC6233949 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s170349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The overuse, misuse, and underuse of antimicrobial agents often lead to the spread of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. The aim of our study was to describe the pattern of antibiotic prescriptions for acute respiratory tract infections (RTIs) among the adult population and the factors associated with antibiotic prescribing. Patients and methods The study involved patients who visited a general practitioner with suspected acute RTI. Patients with diagnosis of acute sinusitis, acute pharyngitis, acute bronchitis, and influenza were included in the study. We evaluated the presence of an indication for antibiotic therapy for selected diseases according to international guidelines. The appropriateness of any prescribed molecule was also evaluated. Results A total of 1,979 cases of acute RTIs were included: 1,196 (60.4%) pharyngitis, 359 (18.2%) bronchitis, 234 (11.8%) influenza, and 190 (9.6%) sinusitis. An antibiotic prescription was given in 67.3% of the consultations and was not indicated by the guidelines in 66.5% of the total RTIs. Macrolides were the most frequently prescribed antibiotics accounting for 32.5% of all those prescribed, followed by amoxicillin with clavulanic acid (31.1%) and fluoroquinolones (14.2%). The highest overprescription was associated with pharyngitis (65.9%) and the lowest with influenza (4.9%). A throat swab was performed only in 11 of all the patients with a diagnosis of acute pharyngitis. Conclusion The present study showed a very high frequency of nonevidence-based prescription of antibiotics at the primary care level. Future improvement programs should focus on development of evidence-based guidelines, access to postgraduate training, and better availability of diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Bianco
- Department of Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia", Catanzaro, Italy,
| | - Rosa Papadopoli
- Department of Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia", Catanzaro, Italy,
| | - Valentina Mascaro
- Department of Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia", Catanzaro, Italy,
| | - Claudia Pileggi
- Department of Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia", Catanzaro, Italy,
| | - Maria Pavia
- Department of Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia", Catanzaro, Italy,
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26
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Lower Airway Bacterial Colonization Patterns and Species-Specific Interactions in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Clin Microbiol 2018; 56:JCM.00330-18. [PMID: 30045868 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00330-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about interactions between nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the lower respiratory tract in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. We characterized colonization by these four bacterial species, determined species-specific interactions, and estimated the effects of host factors on bacterial colonization among COPD patients. We conducted a prospective cohort study in veterans with COPD that involved monthly clinical assessment and sputum cultures with an average duration of follow-up of 4.5 years. Cultures were used for bacterial identification. We analyzed bacterial interactions using generalized linear mixed models after controlling for clinical and demographic variables. The outcomes of interest were the relationships between bacteria based on clinical status (stable or exacerbation). One hundred eighty-one participants completed a total of 8,843 clinic visits, 30.8% of which had at least one of the four bacteria isolated. H. influenzae was the most common bacterium isolated (14.4%), followed by P. aeruginosa (8.1%). In adjusted models, S. pneumoniae colonization was positively associated with H. influenzae colonization (odds ratio [OR], 2.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.03 to 3.73). We identified negative associations between P. aeruginosa and H. influenzae (OR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.22) and P. aeruginosa and M. catarrhalis (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.35 to 0.75). Associations were similar during stable and exacerbation visits. Recent antimicrobial therapy was associated with a lower prevalence of S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis, but not P. aeruginosa Our findings support the presence of specific interspecies interactions between common bacteria in the lower respiratory tracts of COPD patients. Further work is necessary to elucidate the mechanisms of these complex interactions that shift bacterial species.
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27
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Polverino E, Dimakou K, Hurst J, Martinez-Garcia MA, Miravitlles M, Paggiaro P, Shteinberg M, Aliberti S, Chalmers JD. The overlap between bronchiectasis and chronic airway diseases: state of the art and future directions. Eur Respir J 2018; 52:13993003.00328-2018. [PMID: 30049739 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00328-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Bronchiectasis is a clinical and radiological diagnosis associated with cough, sputum production and recurrent respiratory infections. The clinical presentation inevitably overlaps with other respiratory disorders such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In addition, 4-72% of patients with severe COPD are found to have radiological bronchiectasis on computed tomography, with similar frequencies (20-30%) now being reported in cohorts with severe or uncontrolled asthma. Co-diagnosis of bronchiectasis with another airway disease is associated with increased lung inflammation, frequent exacerbations, worse lung function and higher mortality. In addition, many patients with all three disorders have chronic rhinosinusitis and upper airway disease, resulting in a complex "mixed airway" phenotype.The management of asthma, bronchiectasis, COPD and upper airway diseases has traditionally been outlined in separate guidelines for each individual disorder. Recognition that the majority of patients have one or more overlapping pathologies requires that we re-evaluate how we treat airway disease. The concept of treatable traits promotes a holistic, pathophysiology-based approach to treatment rather than a syndromic approach and may be more appropriate for patients with overlapping features.Here, we review the current clinical definition, diagnosis, management and future directions for the overlap between bronchiectasis and other airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Polverino
- Pneumology Dept, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron (HUVH), Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER, Spain
| | | | - John Hurst
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Marc Miravitlles
- Pneumology Dept, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron (HUVH), Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER, Spain
| | - Pierluigi Paggiaro
- Dept of Surgery, Medicine, Molecular Biology and Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michal Shteinberg
- Pulmonology Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.,Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, The B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Stefano Aliberti
- Dept of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan Internal Medicine Dept, Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Milan, Italy.,Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - James D Chalmers
- Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
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28
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Amaro R, Panagiotarakou M, Alcaraz V, Torres A. The efficacy of inhaled antibiotics in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Expert Rev Respir Med 2018; 12:683-691. [DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2018.1500179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosanel Amaro
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Institut Clinic del Tórax, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona - Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona - Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meropi Panagiotarakou
- Department of Pneumonology, Sotiria General Hospital for Thoracic Diseases, Medical School, University of Athens, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Alcaraz
- Fundació Clínic per la Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Torres
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Institut Clinic del Tórax, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona - Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona - Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Barcelona, Spain
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29
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King PT. The Role of the Immune Response in the Pathogenesis of Bronchiectasis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6802637. [PMID: 29744361 PMCID: PMC5878907 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6802637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bronchiectasis is a prevalent respiratory condition characterised by permanent and abnormal dilation of the lung airways (bronchi). There are a large variety of causative factors that have been identified for bronchiectasis; all of these compromise the function of the immune response to fight infection. A triggering factor may lead to the establishment of chronic infection in the lower respiratory tract. The bacteria responsible for the lower respiratory tract infection are usually found as commensals in the upper respiratory tract microbiome. The consequent inflammatory response to infection is largely responsible for the pathology of this condition. Both innate and adaptive immune responses are activated. The literature has highlighted the central role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis. Proteases produced in the lung by the inflammatory response damage the airways and lead to the pathological dilation that is the pathognomonic feature of bronchiectasis. The small airways demonstrate infiltration with lymphoid follicles that may contribute to localised small airway obstruction. Despite aggressive treatment, most patients will have persistent disease. Manipulating the immune response in bronchiectasis may potentially have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T. King
- Monash Lung and Sleep and Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
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30
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Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide. While COPD is a mainly chronic disease, a substantial number of patients suffer from exacerbations. Severe exacerbations are related to a significantly worse survival outcome. This review summarises the current knowledge on the different aspects of COPD exacerbations. The impact of risk factors and triggers such as smoking, severe airflow limitation, bronchiectasis, bacterial and viral infections and comorbidities is discussed. More severe exacerbations should be treated with β-agonists and anticholinergics as well as systemic corticosteroids. Antibiotic therapy should only be given to patients with presumed bacterial infection. Noninvasive ventilation is indicated in patients with respiratory failure. Smoking cessation is key to prevent further COPD exacerbations. Other aspects include choice of pharmacotherapy, including bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors, long-term antibiotics and mucolytics. Better education and self-management as well as increased physical activity are important. Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination is recommended. Treatment of hypoxaemia and hypercapnia reduce the rate of COPD exacerbations, while most interventional bronchoscopic therapies increase exacerbation risk within the first months after the procedure. This article highlights the importance of preventing exacerbations of COPDhttp://ow.ly/ODQp30i5Cel
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Viniol
- Dept of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Claus F Vogelmeier
- Dept of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
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31
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Coates J, Park BR, Le D, Şimşek E, Chaudhry W, Kim M. Antibiotic-induced population fluctuations and stochastic clearance of bacteria. eLife 2018; 7:32976. [PMID: 29508699 PMCID: PMC5847335 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective antibiotic use that minimizes treatment failures remains a challenge. A better understanding of how bacterial populations respond to antibiotics is necessary. Previous studies of large bacterial populations established the deterministic framework of pharmacodynamics. Here, characterizing the dynamics of population extinction, we demonstrated the stochastic nature of eradicating bacteria with antibiotics. Antibiotics known to kill bacteria (bactericidal) induced population fluctuations. Thus, at high antibiotic concentrations, the dynamics of bacterial clearance were heterogeneous. At low concentrations, clearance still occurred with a non-zero probability. These striking outcomes of population fluctuations were well captured by our probabilistic model. Our model further suggested a strategy to facilitate eradication by increasing extinction probability. We experimentally tested this prediction for antibiotic-susceptible and clinically-isolated resistant bacteria. This new knowledge exposes fundamental limits in our ability to predict bacterial eradication. Additionally, it demonstrates the potential of using antibiotic concentrations that were previously deemed inefficacious to eradicate bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Coates
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Graduate Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, United States
| | - Bo Ryoung Park
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, United States
| | - Dai Le
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, United States
| | - Emrah Şimşek
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, United States
| | - Waqas Chaudhry
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, United States
| | - Minsu Kim
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Graduate Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, United States.,Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, United States.,Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Emory University, Atlanta, United States
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32
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Scannapieco FA, Cantos A. Oral inflammation and infection, and chronic medical diseases: implications for the elderly. Periodontol 2000 2018; 72:153-75. [PMID: 27501498 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oral diseases, such as caries and periodontitis, not only have local effects on the dentition and on tooth-supporting tissues but also may impact a number of systemic conditions. Emerging evidence suggests that poor oral health influences the initiation and/or progression of diseases such as atherosclerosis (with sequelae including myocardial infarction and stoke), diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis and others). Aspiration of oropharyngeal (including periodontal) bacteria causes pneumonia, especially in hospitalized patients and the elderly, and may influence the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This article addresses several pertinent aspects related to the medical implications of periodontal disease in the elderly. There is moderate evidence that improved oral hygiene may help prevent aspiration pneumonia in high-risk patients. For other medical conditions, because of the absence of well-designed randomized clinical trials in elderly patients, no specific guidance can be provided regarding oral hygiene or periodontal interventions that enhance the medical management of older adults.
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33
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van der Maas ME, Mantjes G, Steuten LMG. Procalcitonin Biomarker Algorithm Reduces Antibiotic Prescriptions, Duration of Therapy, and Costs in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Comparison in the Netherlands, Germany, and the United Kingdom. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2017; 21:232-243. [PMID: 28388301 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2016.0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics are often recommended as treatment for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. However, not all COPD exacerbations are caused by bacterial infections and there is consequently considerable misuse and overuse of antibiotics among patients with COPD. This poses a severe burden on healthcare resources such as increased risk of developing antibiotic resistance. The biomarker procalcitonin (PCT) displays specificity to distinguish bacterial inflammations from nonbacterial inflammations and may therefore help to rationalize antibiotic prescriptions. We report in this study, a three-country comparison of the health and economic consequences of a PCT biomarker-guided prescription and clinical decision-making strategy compared to current practice in hospitalized patients with COPD exacerbations. A decision tree was developed, comparing the expected costs and effects of the PCT algorithm to current practice in the Netherlands, Germany, and the United Kingdom. The time horizon of the model captured the length of hospital stay and a societal perspective was also adopted. The primary health outcome was the duration of antibiotic therapy. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was defined as the incremental costs per antibiotic day avoided. The incremental cost savings per day on antibiotic therapy avoided were (in Euros) €90 in the Netherlands, €125 in Germany, and €52 in the United Kingdom. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses showed that in the majority of simulations, the PCT biomarker strategy was superior to current practice (the Netherlands: 58%, Germany: 58%, and the United Kingdom: 57%). In conclusion, the PCT biomarker algorithm to optimize antibiotic prescriptions in COPD is likely to be cost-effective compared to current practice. Both the percentage of patients who start with antibiotic treatment as well as the duration of antibiotic therapy are reduced with the PCT decision algorithm, leading to a decrease in total costs per patient. Economic analysis based on real-life data is recommended for further research. Biomarker-driven prescription algorithms are important instruments for personalized medicine in COPD. This also attests to the emerging convergence of biomarker innovations and the broader field of Health Technology Assessment (HTA).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lotte M G Steuten
- 1 PANAXEA B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands .,2 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Hutchinson Institute for Cancer Outcomes Research , Seattle, Washington
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34
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Bruguera-Avila N, Marin A, Garcia-Olive I, Radua J, Prat C, Gil M, Ruiz-Manzano J. Effectiveness of treatment with nebulized colistin in patients with COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017; 12:2909-2915. [PMID: 29042767 PMCID: PMC5634377 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s138428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To analyze whether the introduction of nebulized colistin in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is associated with a decrease of the number and duration of severe exacerbations. Materials and methods Thirty six patients with COPD and infection with PA treated with nebulized colistin attending a day hospital during a 5-year (January 2010–December 2014) period were prospectively included. Repeated-measures t-tests were used to assess whether the introduction of colistin was associated with changes in the number of exacerbations or the length of the hospitalizations, comparing for each patient the year prior to the introduction of colistin with the year after. Results After the introduction of colistin, the number of admissions decreased from 2.0 to 0.9 per individual year (P=0.0007), and hospitalizations were shorter (23.3 vs 10.9 days, P=0.00005). These results persisted when patients with and without bronchiectasis or with and without persistence of Pseudomonas were separately analyzed. No pre–post differences were detected in the number of exacerbations not requiring admission. Conclusion Nebulized colistin seems associated with a strong decrease in the number and duration of hospitalizations due to exacerbation in patients with COPD and infection with PA. Clinical trials with a larger number of patients are needed in order to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Bruguera-Avila
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Sant Jaume de Calella, Calella, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellatera, Spain.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera del Canyet sn, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia Marin
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera del Canyet sn, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera del Canyet sn, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Garcia-Olive
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera del Canyet sn, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera del Canyet sn, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Department of Statistics, FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalaries Research Unit, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,CiberSam - Ciber de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cristina Prat
- Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera del Canyet sn, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Genetics and Microbiology of Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellatera, Spain
| | - Montserrat Gil
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera del Canyet sn, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Ruiz-Manzano
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellatera, Spain.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera del Canyet sn, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera del Canyet sn, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
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Menéndez R, Méndez R, Polverino E, Rosales-Mayor E, Amara-Elori I, Reyes S, Sahuquillo-Arce JM, Fernández-Barat L, Alcaraz V, Torres A. Risk factors for multidrug-resistant pathogens in bronchiectasis exacerbations. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:659. [PMID: 28964261 PMCID: PMC5622549 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2754-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis is a chronic structural lung condition that courses with recurrent infectious exacerbations that lead to frequent antibiotic treatment making this population more susceptible to acquire pathogens with antibiotic resistance. We aimed to investigate risk factors associated with isolation of multidrug-resistant pathogens in bronchiectasis exacerbations. METHODS A prospective observational study was conducted in two tertiary-care hospitals, enrolling patients when first exacerbation appeared. Multidrug-resistance was determined according to European Centre of Diseases Prevention and Control classification. RESULTS Two hundred thirty three exacerbations were included and microorganisms were isolated in 159 episodes. Multidrug-resistant pathogens were found in 20.1% episodes: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (48.5%), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (18.2%) and Extended spectrum betalactamase + Enterobacteriaceae (6.1%), and they were more frequent in exacerbations requiring hospitalization (24.5% vs. 10.2%, p: 0.016). Three independent multidrug-resistant risk factors were found: chronic renal disease (Odds ratio (OR), 7.60, 95% CI 1.92-30.09), hospitalization in the previous year (OR, 3.88 95% CI 1.37-11.02) and prior multidrug-resistant isolation (OR, 5.58, 95% CI 2.02-15.46). The proportion of multidrug-resistant in the 233 exacerbations was as follows: 3.9% in patients without risk factors, 12.6% in those with 1 factor and 53.6% if ≥2 risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Hospitalization in the previous year, chronic renal disease, and prior multidrug-resistant isolation are risk factors for identification multidrug-resistant pathogens in exacerbations. This information may assist clinicians in choosing empirical antibiotics in daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Menéndez
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe / Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) La Fe, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red-Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES, CB06/06/0028), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Raúl Méndez
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe / Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) La Fe, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Polverino
- Fundació Clínic, Institut D' Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red-Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES, CB06/06/0028), Madrid, Spain
| | - Edmundo Rosales-Mayor
- Fundació Clínic, Institut D' Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Amara-Elori
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe / Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) La Fe, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Soledad Reyes
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe / Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) La Fe, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Miguel Sahuquillo-Arce
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe / Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laia Fernández-Barat
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Clínico y Provincial, Universidad de Barcelona, Institut D' Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red-Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES, CB06/06/0028), Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Alcaraz
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Clínico y Provincial, Universidad de Barcelona, Institut D' Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red-Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES, CB06/06/0028), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Torres
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Clínico y Provincial, Universidad de Barcelona, Institut D' Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red-Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES, CB06/06/0028), Madrid, Spain
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Fernandes FLA, Cukier A, Camelier AA, Fritscher CC, da Costa CH, Pereira EDB, Godoy I, Cançado JED, Romaldini JG, Chatkin JM, Jardim JR, Rabahi MF, de Nucci MCNM, Sales MDPU, Castellano MVCDO, Aidé MA, Teixeira PJZ, Maciel R, Corrêa RDA, Stirbulov R, Athanazio RA, Russo R, Minamoto ST, Lundgren FLC. Recommendations for the pharmacological treatment of COPD: questions and answers. J Bras Pneumol 2017; 43:290-301. [PMID: 29365005 PMCID: PMC5687967 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-37562017000000153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of COPD has become increasingly effective. Measures that range from behavioral changes, reduction in exposure to risk factors, education about the disease and its course, rehabilitation, oxygen therapy, management of comorbidities, and surgical and pharmacological treatments to end-of-life care allow health professionals to provide a personalized and effective therapy. The pharmacological treatment of COPD is one of the cornerstones of COPD management, and there have been many advances in this area in recent years. Given the greater availability of drugs and therapeutic combinations, it has become increasingly challenging to know the indications for, limitations of, and potential risks and benefits of each treatment modality. In order to critically evaluate recent evidence and systematize the major questions regarding the pharmacological treatment of COPD, 24 specialists from all over Brazil gathered to develop the present recommendations. A visual guide was developed for the classification and treatment of COPD, both of which were adapted to fit the situation in Brazil. Ten questions were selected on the basis of their relevance in clinical practice. They address the classification, definitions, treatment, and evidence available for each drug or drug combination. Each question was answered by two specialists, and then the answers were consolidated in two phases: review and consensus by all participants. The questions answered are practical questions and help select from among the many options the best treatment for each patient and his/her peculiarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico Leon Arrabal Fernandes
- . Divisão de Pneumologia, Instituto do Coração - InCor − Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP) Brasil
| | - Alberto Cukier
- . Divisão de Pneumologia, Instituto do Coração - InCor − Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP) Brasil
| | - Aquiles Assunção Camelier
- . Universidade do Estado da Bahia - UNEB - Salvador (BA) Brasil
- . Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador (BA) Brasil
| | - Carlos Cezar Fritscher
- . Faculdade de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul − PUCRS− Porto Alegre (RS)Brasil
| | | | | | - Irma Godoy
- . Departamento de Medicina Interna, Área de Pneumologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP - Botucatu (SP) Brasil
| | | | - José Gustavo Romaldini
- . Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo,São Paulo (SP) Brasil
| | - Jose Miguel Chatkin
- . Faculdade de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul − PUCRS− Porto Alegre (RS)Brasil
| | - José Roberto Jardim
- . Faculdade de Medicina, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP) Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Miguel Abidon Aidé
- . Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói (RJ) Brasil
| | - Paulo José Zimermann Teixeira
- . Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre (RS) Brasil
- . Universidade FEEVALE, Campus II, Novo Hamburgo (RS) Brasil
| | - Renato Maciel
- . Disciplina de Pneumologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG) Brasil
| | - Ricardo de Amorim Corrêa
- . Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG) Brasil
| | - Roberto Stirbulov
- . Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo,São Paulo (SP) Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Abensur Athanazio
- . Divisão de Pneumologia, Instituto do Coração - InCor − Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP) Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Russo
- . Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei - UFSJ − São João Del Rei (MG) Brasil
| | - Suzana Tanni Minamoto
- . Departamento de Medicina Interna, Área de Pneumologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP - Botucatu (SP) Brasil
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane S Kaufman
- Jane S. Kaufman is an advanced senior lecturer at the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pa
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Sriram KB, Cox AJ, Clancy RL, Slack MPE, Cripps AW. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a review for clinicians. Crit Rev Microbiol 2017; 44:125-142. [PMID: 28539074 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2017.1329274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the lower airways of COPD patients, bacterial infection is a common phenomenon and Haemophilus influenzae is the most commonly identified bacteria. Haemophilus influenzae is divided into typeable and nontypeable (NTHi) strains based on the presence or absence of a polysaccharide capsule. While NTHi is a common commensal in the human nasopharynx, it is associated with considerable inflammation when it is present in the lower airways of COPD patients, resulting in morbidity due to worsening symptoms and increased frequency of COPD exacerbations. Treatment of lower airway NTHi infection with antibiotics, though successful in the short term, does not offer long-term protection against reinfection, nor does it change the course of the disease. Hence, there has been much interest in the development of an effective NTHi vaccine. This review will summarize the current literature concerning the role of NTHi infections in COPD patients and the consequences of using prophylactic antibiotics in patients with COPD. There is particular focus on the rationale, findings of clinical studies and possible future directions of NTHi vaccines in patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Bajee Sriram
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast Health , Southport , Australia.,b Griffith University School of Medicine , Southport , Australia
| | - Amanda J Cox
- c Menzies Health Institute , Griffith University School of Medical Science , Gold Coast , Australia
| | - Robert L Clancy
- d Faculty of Health and Medicine , University of Newcastle , Callaghan , Australia
| | - Mary P E Slack
- b Griffith University School of Medicine , Southport , Australia
| | - Allan W Cripps
- b Griffith University School of Medicine , Southport , Australia
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De la Rosa D, Martínez-Garcia MA, Giron RM, Vendrell M, Olveira C, Borderias L, Maiz L, Torres A, Martinez-Moragon E, Rajas O, Casas F, Cordovilla R, de Gracia J. Clinical impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. A study on 1,790 patients from the Spanish Bronchiectasis Historical Registry. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177931. [PMID: 28542286 PMCID: PMC5436841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have evaluated the coexistence of bronchiectasis (BE) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in series of patients diagnosed primarily with BE. The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with BE associated with COPD included in the Spanish Bronchiectasis Historical Registry and compare them to the remaining patients with non-cystic fibrosis BE. Methods We conducted a multicentre observational study of historical cohorts, analysing the characteristics of 1,790 patients who had been included in the registry between 2002 and 2011. Of these, 158 (8.8%) were registered as BE related to COPD and were compared to the remaining patients with BE of other aetiologies. Results Patients with COPD were mostly male, older, had a poorer respiratory function and more frequent exacerbations. There were no differences in the proportion of patients with chronic bronchial colonisation or in the isolated microorganisms. A significantly larger proportion of patients with COPD received treatment with bronchodilators, inhaled steroids and intravenous antibiotics, but there was no difference in the use of long term oral or inhaled antibiotherapy. During a follow-up period of 3.36 years, the overall proportion of deaths was 13.8%. When compared to the remaining aetiologies, patients with BE associated with COPD presented the highest mortality rate. The multivariate analysis showed that the diagnosis of COPD in a patient with BE as a primary diagnosis increased the risk of death by 1.77. Conclusion Patients with BE related to COPD have the same microbiological characteristics as patients with BE due to other aetiologies. They receive treatment with long term oral and inhaled antibiotics aimed at controlling chronic bronchial colonisation, even though the current COPD treatment guidelines do not envisage this type of therapy. These patients’ mortality is notably higher than that of remaining patients with non-cystic fibrosis BE.
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Affiliation(s)
- David De la Rosa
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Plató, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Rosa Maria Giron
- Departament of Pneumology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Vendrell
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Josep Trueta Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Casilda Olveira
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Facultad de Medicina de Málaga, Spain
| | - Luis Borderias
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital General San Jorge, Huesca, Spain
| | - Luis Maiz
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Torres
- Respiratory Institute, Hospital Clinic i Provincial, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Olga Rajas
- Departament of Pneumology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Casas
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Rosa Cordovilla
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Javier de Gracia
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
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40
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Gut-Gobert C. [Antibiotics during acute COPD exacerbations]. Rev Mal Respir 2017; 34:397-402. [PMID: 28495298 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Gut-Gobert
- Département de pneumologie et médecine interne, CHRU la Cavale-Blanche, 29609 Brest cedex 2, France.
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López-Campos JL, Abad Arranz M, Calero Acuña C, Romero Valero F, Ayerbe García R, Hidalgo Molina A, Aguilar Perez-Grovas RI, García Gil F, Casas Maldonado F, Caballero Ballesteros L, Sánchez Palop M, Pérez-Tejero D, Segado A, Calvo Bonachera J, Hernández Sierra B, Doménech A, Arroyo Varela M, González Vargas F, Cruz Rueda JJ. Determinants for changing the treatment of COPD: a regression analysis from a clinical audit. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2016; 11:1171-8. [PMID: 27330285 PMCID: PMC4898035 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s103614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study is an analysis of a pilot COPD clinical audit that evaluated adherence to guidelines for patients with COPD in a stable disease phase during a routine visit in specialized secondary care outpatient clinics in order to identify the variables associated with the decision to step-up or step-down pharmacological treatment. Methods This study was a pilot clinical audit performed at hospital outpatient respiratory clinics in the region of Andalusia, Spain (eight provinces with over eight million inhabitants), in which 20% of centers in the area (catchment population 3,143,086 inhabitants) were invited to participate. Treatment changes were evaluated in terms of the number of prescribed medications and were classified as step-up, step-down, or no change. Three backward stepwise binominal multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate variables associated with stepping up, stepping down, and inhaled corticosteroids discontinuation. Results The present analysis evaluated 565 clinical records (91%) of the complete audit. Of those records, 366 (64.8%) cases saw no change in pharmacological treatment, while 99 patients (17.5%) had an increase in the number of drugs, 55 (9.7%) had a decrease in the number of drugs, and 45 (8.0%) noted a change to other medication for a similar therapeutic scheme. Exacerbations were the main factor in stepping up treatment, as were the symptoms themselves. In contrast, rather than symptoms, doctors used forced expiratory volume in 1 second and previous treatment with long-term antibiotics or inhaled corticosteroids as the key determinants to stepping down treatment. Conclusion The majority of doctors did not change the prescription. When changes were made, a number of related factors were noted. Future trials must evaluate whether these therapeutic changes impact clinically relevant outcomes at follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis López-Campos
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Abad Arranz
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen Calero Acuña
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Stehling F, Pieper N, Bouikidis A, Steinmann J, Rath PM, Mellies U. Upper airway microbial colonization in patients with neuromuscular disorders. Respirology 2016; 21:1285-91. [DOI: 10.1111/resp.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Stehling
- Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine; University of Duisburg-Essen Children's Hospital; Essen Germany
| | - Nadine Pieper
- Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine; University of Duisburg-Essen Children's Hospital; Essen Germany
| | - Anastasios Bouikidis
- Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine; University of Duisburg-Essen Children's Hospital; Essen Germany
| | - Joerg Steinmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology; University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Essen Germany
| | - Peter-Michael Rath
- Institute of Medical Microbiology; University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Essen Germany
| | - Uwe Mellies
- Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine; University of Duisburg-Essen Children's Hospital; Essen Germany
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Vermeersch K, Gabrovska M, Deslypere G, Demedts IK, Slabbynck H, Aumann J, Ninane V, Verleden GM, Troosters T, Bogaerts K, Brusselle GG, Janssens W. The Belgian trial with azithromycin for acute COPD exacerbations requiring hospitalization: an investigator-initiated study protocol for a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2016; 11:687-96. [PMID: 27099485 PMCID: PMC4820219 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s95501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long-term use of macrolide antibiotics is effective to prevent exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). As risks and side effects of long-term intervention outweigh the benefits in the general COPD population, the optimal dose, duration of treatment, and target population are yet to be defined. Hospitalization for an acute exacerbation (AE) of COPD may offer a targeted risk group and an obvious risk period for studying macrolide interventions. Methods/design Patients with COPD, hospitalized for an AE, who have a smoking history of ≥10 pack-years and had ≥1 exacerbation in the previous year will be enrolled in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (NCT02135354). On top of a standardized treatment of systemic corticosteroids and antibiotics, subjects will be randomized to receive either azithromycin or placebo during 3 months, at an uploading dose of 500 mg once a day for 3 days, followed by a maintenance dose of 250 mg once every 2 days. The primary endpoint is the time-to-treatment failure during the treatment phase (ie, from the moment of randomization until the end of intervention). Treatment failure is a novel composite endpoint defined as either death, the admission to intensive care or the requirement of additional systemic steroids or new antibiotics for respiratory reasons, or the diagnosis of a new AE after discharge. Discussion We investigate whether azithromycin initiated at the onset of a severe exacerbation, with a limited duration and at a low dose, might be effective and safe in the highest risk period during and immediately after the acute event. If proven effective and safe, this targeted approach may improve the treatment of severe AEs and redirect the preventive use of azithromycin in COPD to a temporary intervention in the subgroup with the highest unmet needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Vermeersch
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Gabrovska
- Department of Pneumology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Griet Deslypere
- Department of Pneumology, Jessa Ziekenhuis, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Ingel K Demedts
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, AZ Delta Roeselare-Menen, Roeselare, Belgium
| | - Hans Slabbynck
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, ZNA Middelheim, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Joseph Aumann
- Department of Pneumology, Jessa Ziekenhuis, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Vincent Ninane
- Department of Pneumology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geert M Verleden
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thierry Troosters
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kris Bogaerts
- KU Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, I-BioStat, Leuven, Belgium; Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Guy G Brusselle
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Janssens
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
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Crisafulli E, Torres A, Huerta A, Guerrero M, Gabarrús A, Gimeno A, Martinez R, Soler N, Fernández L, Wedzicha JA, Menéndez R. Predicting In-Hospital Treatment Failure (≤ 7 days) in Patients with COPD Exacerbation Using Antibiotics and Systemic Steroids. COPD 2015; 13:82-92. [PMID: 26451913 DOI: 10.3109/15412555.2015.1057276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although pharmacological treatment of COPD exacerbation (COPDE) includes antibiotics and systemic steroids, a proportion of patients show worsening of symptoms during hospitalization that characterize treatment failure. The aim of our study was to determine in-hospital predictors of treatment failure (≤ 7 days). Prospective data on 110 hospitalized COPDE patients, all treated with antibiotics and systemic steroids, were collected; on the seventh day of hospitalization, patients were divided into treatment failure (n = 16) or success (n = 94). Measures of inflammatory serum biomarkers were recorded at admission and at day 3; data on clinical, laboratory, microbiological, and severity, as well data on mortality and readmission, were also recorded. Patients with treatment failure had a worse lung function, with higher serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) 8, and IL-10 at admission, and CRP and IL-8 at day 3. Longer length of hospital stay and duration of antibiotic therapy, higher total doses of steroids and prevalence of deaths and readmitted were found in the treatment failure group. In the multivariate analysis, +1 mg/dL of CRP at admission (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.13) and use of penicillins or cephalosporins (OR, 5.63; 95% CI, 1.26 to 25.07) were independent variables increasing risk of treatment failure, whereas cough at admission (OR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.75) reduces risk of failure. In hospitalized COPDE patients CRP at admission and use of specific class of antibiotics predict in-hospital treatment failure, while presence of cough has a protective role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Crisafulli
- a 1 Cardio-Thoracic Department, Pneumology and Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, "Carlo Poma" Hospital , Mantova , Italy
| | - Antoni Torres
- b 2 Pneumology Department, Clinic Institute of Thorax (ICT), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) - University of Barcelona (UB) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Arturo Huerta
- b 2 Pneumology Department, Clinic Institute of Thorax (ICT), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) - University of Barcelona (UB) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Mónica Guerrero
- b 2 Pneumology Department, Clinic Institute of Thorax (ICT), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) - University of Barcelona (UB) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Albert Gabarrús
- b 2 Pneumology Department, Clinic Institute of Thorax (ICT), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) - University of Barcelona (UB) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Alexandra Gimeno
- c 3 Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitario y politecnico La Fe, CIBERES , Valencia , Spain
| | - Raquel Martinez
- c 3 Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitario y politecnico La Fe, CIBERES , Valencia , Spain
| | - Néstor Soler
- b 2 Pneumology Department, Clinic Institute of Thorax (ICT), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) - University of Barcelona (UB) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Laia Fernández
- b 2 Pneumology Department, Clinic Institute of Thorax (ICT), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) - University of Barcelona (UB) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Jadwiga A Wedzicha
- d 4 Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London Medical School , London , United Kingdom
| | - Rosario Menéndez
- c 3 Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitario y politecnico La Fe, CIBERES , Valencia , Spain
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Lin KY, Wang CC, Lin CH, Sheng WH, Chang SC. Fluoroquinolones versus β-Lactam/β-Lactamase Inhibitors in Outpatients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Pneumonia: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136232. [PMID: 26305908 PMCID: PMC4549331 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies on the association between antibiotic treatment and outcomes in outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pneumonia are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of fluoroquinolones and β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors for pneumonia in COPD outpatients. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study and identified 4,851 episodes of pneumonia among COPD outpatients treated with fluoroquinolones or β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database during 2002–2011. Using the propensity score analysis, 1,296 pairs of episodes were matched for the demographic and clinical characteristics. The primary outcome was pneumonia/empyema-related hospitalization or emergency department (ED) visits, and the secondary outcomes were treatment failure, all-cause mortality and medical costs within 30 days. Results Compared with episodes treated with β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors, episodes treated with fluoroquinolones had similar clinical outcomes. The rates of pneumonia/empyema-related hospitalization or ED visits were 3.9% and 3.5% in the fluoroquinolone and β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor groups, respectively (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74–1.66). The percentage of treatment failure and all-cause mortality were 28.2% versus 31.3% (adjusted odds ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.73–1.02) and 0.5% versus 0.4% (aHR, 1.40; 95% CI, 0.45–4.41) in the fluoroquinolone and β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor groups, respectively. The medical expenditures, including total medical costs (528 versus 455 US dollars) and pneumonia-related costs (202 vs. 155 USD) were also balanced between the two treatment groups (both P >0.05). Conclusions For pneumonia in COPD outpatients, fluoroquinolones were associated with similar clinical outcomes and medical expenditures compared with β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chi-Chuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Huei Sheng
- Departments of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Chwen Chang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yang H, Ma T. F508del-cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator correctors for treatment of cystic fibrosis: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2015; 25:991-1002. [PMID: 25971311 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2015.1045878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by malfunction of CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR). The deletion of a phenylalanine at residue 508 (F508del) is the most common mutation that causes cellular processing, chloride channel gating and protein stability defects in CFTR. Pharmacological modulators of F508del-CFTR, aimed at correcting the cellular processing defect (correctors) and the gating defect (potentiators) in CFTR protein, are regarded as promising therapeutic agents for CF disease. Endeavors in searching F508del-CFTR modulators have shown encouraging results, with several small-molecule compounds having entered clinical trials or even represented clinical options. AREAS COVERED This review covers the discovery of F508del-CFTR correctors described in both patents (2005 - present) and scientific literatures. EXPERT OPINION Cyclopropane carboxamide derivatives of CFTR correctors continue to dominate in this area, among which lumacaftor (a NBD1-MSD1/2 interface stabilizer) is the most promising compound and is now under the priority review by US FDA. However, the abrogation effect of ivacaftor (potentiator) on lumacaftor suggests the requirement of discovering new correctors and potentiators that can cooperate well. Integration screening for simultaneously identifying combinations of correctors (particularly NBD1 stabilizer) and potentiators should provide an alternative strategy. A recently reported natural product fraction library may be useful for the integration screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang
- a 1 School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University , Dalian 116029, P.R. China +86 411 85827085 ; +86 411 85827068 ;
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Inhaled antimicrobial therapy – Barriers to effective treatment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 85:24-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Rohde GGU, Koch A, Welte T. Randomized double blind placebo-controlled study to demonstrate that antibiotics are not needed in moderate acute exacerbations of COPD--the ABACOPD study. BMC Pulm Med 2015; 15:5. [PMID: 25623589 PMCID: PMC4350292 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-15-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antibiotic-resistant strains of pathogenic bacteria are increasingly prevalent in hospitals and the community. Acute exacerbations of COPD (AE-COPD) often result in administration of antibiotics although more than half of exacerbations are associated with detection of respiratory viruses and potentially pathogenic bacteria can only be detected in 20-30% of cases. There is a paucity of placebo-controlled clinical trials and up to today no single study has been powered sufficiently to prove the efficacy of antibiotic treatment in AE-COPD. Most studies so far did not include current standards of care comprising administration of systemic corticosteroids. Methods/Design A total of 980 patients with moderate acute exacerbations will be included in 22 German centers (hospitals and private practices). Patients will receive a standardized treatment for exacerbation including systemic corticosteroids, inhaled bronchodilators and supplementary oxygen if needed and will be randomized to additional treatment with placebo or antibiotic (oral sultamicillin) for five days. The primary endpoint is clinical failure defined by need for additional antibiotic treatment until day 30. Secondary endpoints will assure that management of AE-COPD without antibiotics does not result either in increased occurrence of relapse, new exacerbations, prolonged recovery, or unwanted long-term consequences. Discussion ABACOPD will be the first sufficiently powered double-blind placebo-controlled study in the field to systematically assess the question whether antibiotics, known to increase antibiotic resistance, are really needed in a well-defined patient cohort receiving state-of-the art treatment in all other aspects. Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01892488.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot G U Rohde
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Llor C, Monedero MJ, García G, Arranz J, Cots JM, Bjerrum L. Interventions to improve adherence to first-line antibiotics in respiratory tract infections. The impact depends on the intensity of the intervention. Eur J Gen Pract 2014; 21:12-8. [DOI: 10.3109/13814788.2014.933205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Boutou AK, Raste Y, Reid J, Alshafi K, Polkey MI, Hopkinson NS. Does a single Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolation predict COPD mortality? Eur Respir J 2014; 44:794-7. [PMID: 25034565 PMCID: PMC4150019 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00023414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Afroditi K Boutou
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Yogini Raste
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Jeremy Reid
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Khalid Alshafi
- Dept of Microbiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Michael I Polkey
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Nicholas S Hopkinson
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, UK
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