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Tu Y, Gong J, Mou J, Jiang H, Zhao H, Gao J. Strategies for the development of stimuli-responsive small molecule prodrugs for cancer treatment. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1434137. [PMID: 39144632 PMCID: PMC11322083 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1434137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Approved anticancer drugs typically face challenges due to their narrow therapeutic window, primarily because of high systemic toxicity and limited selectivity for tumors. Prodrugs are initially inactive drug molecules designed to undergo specific chemical modifications. These modifications render the drugs inactive until they encounter specific conditions or biomarkers in vivo, at which point they are converted into active drug molecules. This thoughtful design significantly improves the efficacy of anticancer drug delivery by enhancing tumor specificity and minimizing off-target effects. Recent advancements in prodrug design have focused on integrating these strategies with delivery systems like liposomes, micelles, and polymerosomes to further improve targeting and reduce side effects. This review outlines strategies for designing stimuli-responsive small molecule prodrugs focused on cancer treatment, emphasizing their chemical structures and the mechanisms controlling drug release. By providing a comprehensive overview, we aim to highlight the potential of these innovative approaches to revolutionize cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Tu
- The Afffliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianbao Gong
- Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Mou
- Department of Neonatology, Qingdao Women and Children’s Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hongfei Jiang
- The Afffliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haibo Zhao
- The Afffliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiake Gao
- The Afffliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Sultan NS, Shoukry AA, Rashidi FB, Elhakim HKA. Biological Applications, In Vitro Cytotoxicity, Cellular Uptake, and Apoptotic Pathway Studies Induced by Ternary Cu (II) Complexes Involving Triflupromazine with Biorelevant Ligands. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01376-9. [PMID: 39018004 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01376-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
The novel mixed-ligand complexes derived from the parent antidepressant phenothiazine drug triflupromazine (TFP) were synthesized along with the secondary ligands glycine and histidine. [Cu(TFP)(Gly)Cl]·2H2O (1) and [Cu(TFP)(His)Cl]·2H2O (2) were examined for their in vitro biological properties. Cyclic voltammetry was used to study the binding of both complexes to CT-DNA. The two complexes were examined for antiviral, antiparasite, and anti-inflammatory applications. An in vitro cytotoxicity study on two different cancer cell lines, MCF-7, HepG2, and a normal cell line, HSF, shows promising selective cytotoxicity for cancer cells. An investigation of the cell cycle and apoptosis rates was evaluated by flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC/Propidium Iodide (PI) staining of the treated cells. Gene expression and western blotting were carried out to determine the expression levels of the pro-apoptotic markers and the anti-apoptotic marker Bcl2. The tested complexes decreased cell viability and triggered apoptosis in human tumor cell lines. Molecular docking was also used to simulate Bcl2 inhibition. Finally, complex (2) has potent antitumor effects on human tumor cells, especially against HepG2 cells, as seen in the cellular drug uptake assay. Consequently, complex (2) may prove useful against cancer, especially liver cancer. For further understanding, it needs to be explored in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan S Sultan
- Biotechnology department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Azza A Shoukry
- Inorganic Chemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Fatma B Rashidi
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Heba K A Elhakim
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
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3
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Jia Y, Yao D, Bi H, Duan J, Liang W, Jing Z, Liu M. Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen) based nano-delivery systems for anticancer therapeutics. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155521. [PMID: 38489891 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ancient Chinese herb Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen), plays the important role in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Furthermore, Danshen could also be used for curing carcinogenesis. Up to now, the anti-tumor effects of the main active constituents of Danshen have made great progress. However, the bioavailability of the active constituents of Danshen were restricted by their unique physical characteristics, like low oral bioavailability, rapid degradation in vivo and so on. PURPOSE With the leap development of nano-delivery systems, the shortcomings of the active constituents of Danshen have been greatly ameliorated. This review tried to summarize the recent progress of the active constituents of Danshen based delivery systems used for anti-tumor therapeutics. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted using 5 databases (Embase, Google scholar, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases) for the identification of relevant data published before September 2023. The words "Danshen", "Salvia miltiorrhiza", "Tanshinone", "Salvianolic acid", "Rosmarinic acid", "tumor", "delivery", "nanomedicine" and other active ingredients contained in Danshen were searched in the above databases to gather information about pharmaceutical decoration for the active constituents of Danshen used for anti-tumor therapeutics. RESULTS The main extracts of Danshen could inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells effectively and a great deal of studies were conducted to design drug delivery systems to ameliorate the anti-tumor effect of the active contents of Danshen through different ways, like improving bioavailability, increasing tumor targeting ability, enhancing biological barrier permeability and co-delivering with other active agents. CONCLUSION This review systematically represented recent progress of pharmaceutical decorations for the active constituents of Danshen used for anti-tumor therapeutics, revealing the diversity of nano-decoration skills and trying to inspire more designs of Danshen based nanodelivery systems, with the hope that bringing the nanomedicine of the active constituents of Danshen for anti-tumor therapeutics from bench to bedside in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, The Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Dandan Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Hui Bi
- Department of Pharmacy, The Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Jing Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Ziwei Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing, 210002, China.
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Wei T, Chen L, Shi P, Wang C, Peng Y, Yang J, Liao X, Yang B, Gao C. Platinum (IV) drugs with cannabidiol inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and synergistically enhancing anti-tumor effects. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 254:112515. [PMID: 38490045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance is an insurmountable problem in clinical anticancer therapy. Although Oxaliplatin is an effective chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), it still suffers from serious toxicities as well as drug resistance. In this work, three Oxaliplatin tetravalent platinum prodrugs(O1-O3) and three novel mixed ammine/amine analogs(C1-C3) were constructed, introducing cannabidiol with anti-tumor activity in their axial position. All Pt(IV) prodrugs exhibited potent antitumor effects in a variety of tumor cell lines, especially in HCT-116 cells, where complex O3 showed strong inhibitory effects with the half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) value of 6.02 ± 0.69 μM and about 2.6 times higher than that of Oxaliplatin. Further studies revealed that complex O3 decreased cellular mitochondrial membrane potential in a concentration-dependent manner and enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation by decreasing the expression of catalase, superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3). Complex O3 induces mitochondrial dysfunction and upregulates the pro-apoptotic protein Noxa, ultimately leading to severe DNA damage. The upregulation of Phosphorylated histone protein H2AX (γ-H2AX) expression is clear evidence. In addition, O3 inhibits the expression of RAD51 protein and prevents DNA damage repair, thus overcoming drug resistance. This strategy of combining bioactive molecules cannabidiol with platinum drugs to improve therapeutic efficacy and overcome drug resistance has been proven to be very effective and deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangli Wei
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China
| | - Pengmin Shi
- Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Changli Wang
- Faculty of Foreign Languages and Cultures, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China
| | - Yusheng Peng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China
| | - Xiali Liao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China
| | - Bo Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China.
| | - Chuanzhu Gao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China.
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Gacki M, Kafarska K, Korona-Głowniak I, Schab P, Wojciechowski J, Gierczak N, Wolf WM. 1D and 2D Coordination Polymers of Calcium with Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, Hirshfeld Surfaces, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300734. [PMID: 38216541 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Four alkaline earth metal complexes of ketoprofen (Hket) and indomethacin (Hind) were synthesized and characterized: [Ca(ket)2(H2O)2]n (1), [Mg(ket)2(H2O)2] (2), [Ca(ind)2(EtOH)2]n (3), and [Mg(ind)2(EtOH)2] (4). All compounds were studied by elemental analysis (EA), flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Crystal structures of 1 and 3 were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction technique T=100 K. The structure of 1 is dominated by a one-dimensional coordination polymer, while 3 is formed by a two-dimensional layer stabilized by the calcium zig-zag chains and π⋅⋅⋅π stacking interactions. Crystal packing arrangements were characterized by fingerprint plots (FPs) that were derived from the Hirshfeld surfaces (HSs). The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of complexes were evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Gacki
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Łódź University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924, Łódź, Poland
| | - Karolina Kafarska
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Łódź University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924, Łódź, Poland
| | - Izabela Korona-Głowniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medial University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Schab
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Łódź University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924, Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Natalia Gierczak
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Łódź University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924, Łódź, Poland
| | - Wojciech M Wolf
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Łódź University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924, Łódź, Poland
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Yu B, Wang Y, Bing T, Tang Y, Huang J, Xiao H, Liu C, Yu Y. Platinum Prodrug Nanoparticles with COX-2 Inhibition Amplify Pyroptosis for Enhanced Chemotherapy and Immune Activation of Pancreatic Cancer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310456. [PMID: 38092007 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis, an emerging mechanism of programmed cell death, holds great potential to trigger a robust antitumor immune response. Platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents can induce pyroptosis via caspase-3 activation. However, these agents also enhance cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in tumor tissues, leading to drug resistance and immune evasion in pancreatic cancer and significantly limiting the effectiveness of chemotherapy-induced pyroptosis. Here, an amphiphilic polymer (denoted as PHDT-Pt-In) containing both indomethacin (In, a COX-2 inhibitor) and platinum(IV) prodrug (Pt(IV)) is developed, which is responsive to glutathione (GSH). This polymer self-assemble into nanoparticles (denoted as Pt-In NP) that can disintegrate in cancer cells due to the GSH responsiveness, releasing In to inhibit the COX-2 expression, hence overcoming the chemoresistance and amplifying cisplatin-induced pyroptosis. In a pancreatic cancer mouse model, Pt-In NP significantly inhibit tumor growth and elicit both innate and adaptive immune responses. Moreover, when combined with anti-programmed death ligand (α-PD-L1) treatment, Pt-In NP demonstrate the ability to completely suppress metastatic tumors, transforming "cold tumors" into "hot tumors". Overall, the sustained release of Pt(IV) and In from Pt-In NP amplifies platinum-drug-induced pyroptosis to elicit long-term immune responses, hence presenting a generalizable strategy for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingzheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yushu Wang
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou, 525200, China
| | - Tiejun Bing
- Immunology and Oncology center, ICE Bioscience, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yujing Tang
- SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Jia Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Haihua Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chaoyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yingjie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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Aher S, Zhu J, Bhagat P, Borse L, Liu X. Pt(IV) Complexes in the Search for Novel Platinum Prodrugs with Promising Activity. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:6. [PMID: 38400859 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-023-00448-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The kinetically inert, six coordinated, octahedral Pt(IV) complexes are termed dual-, triple-, or multi-action prodrugs based on the nature of the axially substituted ligands. These ligands are either inert or biologically active, where the nature of these axial ligands provides additional stability, synergistic biological activity or cell-targeting ability. There are many literature reports from each of these classes, mentioning the varied nature of these axial ligands. The ligands comprise drug molecules such as chlorambucil, doxorubicin, valproic acid, ethacrynic acid, biologically active chalcone, coumarin, combretastatin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and many more, potentiating the anti-proliferative profile or reducing the side effects associated with cisplatin therapy. The targeting and non-targeting nature of these moieties exert additive or synergistic effects on the anti-cancer activity of Pt(II) moieties. Herein, we discuss the effects of these axially oriented ligands and the changes in the non-leaving am(m)ine groups and in the leaving groups on the biological activity. In this review, we have presented the latest developments in the field of Pt(IV) complexes that display promising activity with a reduced resistance profile. We have discussed the structure activity relationship (SAR) and the effects of the ligands on the biological activity of Pt(IV) complexes with cisplatin, oxaliplatin, carboplatin and the Pt core other than approved drugs. This literature work will help researchers to get an idea about Pt(IV) complexes that have been classified based on the aspects of their biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sainath Aher
- K. K. Wagh College of Pharmacy, Nashik, Maharashtra, 422003, India
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Utilization, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Zhu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Utilization, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Pundlik Bhagat
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Laxmikant Borse
- Sandip Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nashik, Maharashtra, 422213, India
| | - Xiuhua Liu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Utilization, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China.
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Tripathi R, Guglani A, Ghorpade R, Wang B. Biotin conjugates in targeted drug delivery: is it mediated by a biotin transporter, a yet to be identified receptor, or (an)other unknown mechanism(s)? J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2276663. [PMID: 37955285 PMCID: PMC10653662 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2276663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjugation of drugs with biotin is a widely studied strategy for targeted drug delivery. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies through H3-biotin competition experiments conclude with the presence of a free carboxylic acid being essential for its uptake via the sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter (SMVT, the major biotin transporter). However, biotin conjugation with a payload requires modification of the carboxylic acid to an amide or ester group. Then, there is the question as to how/whether the uptake of biotin conjugates goes through the SMVT. If not, then what is the mechanism? Herein, we present known uptake mechanisms of biotin and its applications reported in the literature. We also critically analyse possible uptake mechanism(s) of biotin conjugates to address the disconnect between the results from SMVT-based SAR and "biotin-facilitated" targeted drug delivery. We believe understanding the uptake mechanism of biotin conjugates is critical for their future applications and further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anchala Guglani
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rujuta Ghorpade
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Kastner A, Schueffl H, Yassemipour PA, Keppler BK, Heffeter P, Kowol CR. Einbau von (Bioaktiven) Äquatorialen Liganden in Platin(IV)-Komplexe. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 135:e202311468. [PMID: 38516539 PMCID: PMC10952677 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202311468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
AbstractPlatin(IV)‐Prodrugs sind aufgrund ihrer erhöhten Tumorselektivität und geringeren Nebenwirkungen äußerst interessante Alternativen zu Platin(II)‐Antitumortherapeutika. Im Gegensatz zur gängigen Theorie haben wir kürzlich beobachtet, dass äquatoriale Liganden von z. B. Oxaliplatin(IV)‐Komplexen unter Bildung von [(DACH)Pt(OHeq)2(OAcax)2] hydrolysiert werden können. In der hier vorgestellten Arbeit untersuchten wir die Reaktivität und synthetische Verwendbarkeit dieses Komplexes, als Vorstufe für die Entwicklung neuartiger Platin(IV)‐Komplexe, welche mit herkömmlichen Methoden nicht zugänglich sind. Tatsächlich war es möglich die äquatorialen Hydroxidoliganden z. B. durch ein oder zwei monodentate Biotin‐Liganden, die unter Standardmethoden oxidiert werden würden, zu ersetzen. Die gebildeten Komplexe erwiesen sich als sehr stabil und zeigten auch nach der Reduktion eine langsame Ligandenfreisetzung, eine ideale Eigenschaft für lang zirkulierende zielgerichtete Strategien. Daraufhin wurden zwei Platin(IV)‐Komplexe mit äquatorialen Maleimiden, für die Bindung an Serumalbumin als natürlichen Nanocarrier, synthetisiert. Die Komplexe zeigten im Vergleich zu Oxaliplatin eine stark verlängerte Plasmahalbwertszeit und eine deutlich verbesserte Antitumoraktivität in vivo. Zusammenfassend ermöglicht diese neu entwickelte Syntheseplattform den einfachen und gezielten Einbau äquatorialer Liganden in Platin(IV)‐Komplexe. Des Weiteren können verschiedene (bioaktive) Einheiten koordiniert werden, wodurch sogar zielgerichtete dreifach‐wirksame Platin(IV)‐Prodrugs mit nur einem Platinzentrum möglich wären.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kastner
- Universität WienFakultät für ChemieInstitut für Anorganische ChemieWähringer Str. 421090WienÖsterreich
- Universität WienVienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem)Währinger Str. 421090WienÖsterreich
| | - Hemma Schueffl
- Zentrum für Krebsforschung und Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedizinische Universität WienBorschkegasse 8a1090WienÖsterreich
| | - Patrick A. Yassemipour
- Universität WienFakultät für ChemieInstitut für Anorganische ChemieWähringer Str. 421090WienÖsterreich
| | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- Universität WienFakultät für ChemieInstitut für Anorganische ChemieWähringer Str. 421090WienÖsterreich
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”1090WienÖsterreich
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Zentrum für Krebsforschung und Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedizinische Universität WienBorschkegasse 8a1090WienÖsterreich
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”1090WienÖsterreich
| | - Christian R. Kowol
- Universität WienFakultät für ChemieInstitut für Anorganische ChemieWähringer Str. 421090WienÖsterreich
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”1090WienÖsterreich
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Kastner A, Schueffl H, Yassemipour PA, Keppler BK, Heffeter P, Kowol CR. Insertion of (Bioactive) Equatorial Ligands into Platinum(IV) Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311468. [PMID: 37703130 PMCID: PMC10952260 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Platinum(IV) prodrugs are highly interesting alternatives to platinum(II) anticancer therapeutics due to their increased tumor selectivity and reduced side effects. In contrast to the established theory, we recently observed that the equatorial ligand(s) of e.g. oxaliplatin(IV) complexes can be hydrolyzed with formation of [(DACH)Pt(OHeq )2 (OAcax )2 ]. In the work presented here, we investigated the reactivity and synthetic usability of this complex to be exploited as a precursor for the development of novel platinum(IV) complexes, not able to be synthesized by conventional protocols. Indeed, we could substitute the equatorial hydroxido ligand(s) e.g. by one or two monodentate biotin ligands (which would be oxidized under standard methods). The formed complexes turned out to be very stable with slow ligand release after reduction, ideal for long-circulating tumor-targeting strategies. Therefore, two platinum(IV) complexes with equatorial maleimides, capable of exploiting serum albumin as a natural nanocarrier, were synthesized as well. The complexes showed massively prolonged plasma half-life and distinctly improved anticancer activity in vivo compared to oxaliplatin. Taken together, the newly developed synthetic platform allows the simple and specific insertion of equatorial ligands into platinum(IV) complexes. This will enable the attachment of three different (bioactive) moieties generating targeted triple-action platinum(IV) prodrugs within one single platinum complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kastner
- University of ViennaFaculty of ChemistryInstitute of Inorganic ChemistryWaehringer Str. 421090ViennaAustria
- University of ViennaVienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem)Waehringer Str. 421090ViennaAustria
| | - Hemma Schueffl
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaBorschkegasse 8a1090ViennaAustria
| | - Patrick A. Yassemipour
- University of ViennaFaculty of ChemistryInstitute of Inorganic ChemistryWaehringer Str. 421090ViennaAustria
| | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- University of ViennaFaculty of ChemistryInstitute of Inorganic ChemistryWaehringer Str. 421090ViennaAustria
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”1090ViennaAustria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaBorschkegasse 8a1090ViennaAustria
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”1090ViennaAustria
| | - Christian R. Kowol
- University of ViennaFaculty of ChemistryInstitute of Inorganic ChemistryWaehringer Str. 421090ViennaAustria
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”1090ViennaAustria
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11
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Bera A, Nepalia A, Upadhyay A, Kumar Saini D, Chakravarty AR. Biotin and boron-dipyrromethene-tagged platinum(IV) prodrug for cellular imaging and mito-targeted photocytotoxicity in red light. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:13339-13350. [PMID: 37671587 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01796f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
A platinum(IV) prodrug, cis,cis,trans-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2(biotin)(L)] (1), derived from cisplatin, where HL is the PEGylated red-light active boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) ligand, was synthesized, characterized and its photocytotoxicity evaluated. The complex showed a near-IR absorption band at 653 nm (ε ∼9.19 × 104 M-1 cm-1) in dimethyl sulfoxide and Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (1 : 1 v/v) at pH 7.2. When excited at 630 nm, it showed an emission band at 677 nm in DMSO with a fluorescence quantum yield of 0.13. The 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran titration experiment gave a singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ) of ∼0.32. A mechanistic DNA photocleavage study revealed singlet oxygen as the reactive oxygen species (ROS). The complex with biotin and PEGylated-distyryl-BODIPY showed significantly higher cellular uptake in A549 cancer cells as compared to non-cancerous Beas-2B cells from flow cytometry, indicating selectivity towards cancer cells. A dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assay showed cellular ROS generation. Confocal images revealed predominant internalization in the mitochondria. The prodrug showed remarkable photodynamic therapy (PDT) activity in cancerous A549 and multidrug-resistant MDA-MB-231 cells with a high photocytotoxicity index value (half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50): 0.61-1.54 μM in red light), while being non-toxic in the dark. The chemo-PDT activity was significantly less in non-tumorigenic lung epithelial cells (Beas-2B). The prodrug effectively triggered cellular apoptosis, which was confirmed by the Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide assay, and the alteration of the mitochondrial membrane potential was substantiated by the JC-1 dye assay. The β-tubulin immunofluorescence assay confirmed that incubating the cells with a light-treated complex resulted in the rapture of the cytoskeletal structure and the formation of apoptotic bodies. The results demonstrate that the prodrug triggered apoptosis via DNA damage, a reduction in mitochondrial function and disruption of the cytoskeletal framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Bera
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Amrita Nepalia
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Aarti Upadhyay
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Deepak Kumar Saini
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Akhil R Chakravarty
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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12
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Del Pino JMV, Scalambra F, Bermejo-Casadesús C, Massaguer A, García-Maroto F, Romerosa A. Study of the biological activity of photoactive bipyridyl-Ru(II) complexes containing 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA). J Inorg Biochem 2023; 246:112291. [PMID: 37352655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
The water-soluble ruthenium complex cis-[Ru(dcbpyH)2(PTAH)2]Cl2·3H2O (1) (dcbpy = 4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine; PTA = 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) has been synthesized and characterised by NMR, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The optical properties of 1 were studied, including photoactivation under visible light, as well as its biological properties, together with those of the previously published Ru complexes cis-[Ru(bpy)2(PTA)2]Cl2 (2), trans-[Ru(bpy)2(PTA)2](CF3SO3)2 (3) and cis-[Ru(bpy)2(H2O)(PTA)](CF3SO3)2 (4) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine). Anticancer activities of the complexes against human lung (A549), cervical (HeLa) and prostate (PC3) carcinoma cells were evaluated under dark conditions and upon photoactivation with visible light. None of the complexes exhibited cytotoxic activity in the absence of light irradiation (IC50 > 100 μM). However, after photoactivation, the cytotoxicity of complexes 1, 2 and 3 against the three cell lines markedly increased, resulting in IC50 values between 25.3 μM and 9.3 μM. Notably, these complexes did not show toxicity against red blood cells. These findings show the potential of complexes 1, 2 and, particularly, 3 for selective and controlled cancer photochemotherapy. The reactivity of the Ru complexes against DNA under UV-Vis irradiation was studied by analysing plasmid mobility. Experimental data shows that 4 unfolds supercoiled DNA (SC DNA) both in the dark and under visible irradiation, while 1 and 3 are only active under light, being 2 inactive in either case. The unfolding activities of complexes 3 and 4 were dependent on the air present in the reaction. The measured intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon irradiation with complexes 1, 2 and 3 suggest that their mechanism of action is related to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Franco Scalambra
- Área de Química Inorgánica-CIESOL, Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain
| | | | - Anna Massaguer
- Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Romerosa
- Área de Química Inorgánica-CIESOL, Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain.
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13
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Barrett S, De Franco M, Donati C, Marzano C, Gandin V, Montagner D. Novel Biotinylated Cu(II)-Phenanthroline Complexes: 2D and 3D Cytotoxic Activity and Mechanistic Insight. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104112. [PMID: 37241854 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The interest in the use of copper as a metal scaffold for the development of novel chemotherapeutics has considerably grown in recent years. This is mainly due to the relatively lower toxicity of copper complexes with respect to platinum drugs (i.e., cisplatin), the different mechanisms of action, and the cheaper cost. In the last decades, hundreds of copper-based complexes were developed and screened as anticancer agents, with the antesignanus of all compounds being copper bis-phenanthroline [Cu(phen)2]2+ developed by D.S. Sigman in the late 1990s. In particular, copper(phen) derivatives have been shown high interest in their capacity to interact with DNA by nucleobase intercalation. Here, we report the synthesis and chemical characterization of four novel copper(II) complexes functionalised with phenanthroline derivatives containing biotin. Biotin, also known as Vitamin B7, is involved in a series of metabolic processes, and its receptors are often overexpressed in many tumour cells. A detailed biological analysis including cytotoxicity in 2D and 3D, cellular drug uptake, DNA interaction, and morphological studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, W23 NPY6 Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Michele De Franco
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Donati
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Marzano
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Gandin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Diego Montagner
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, W23 NPY6 Maynooth, Ireland
- Kathleen Londsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Ireland
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14
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Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Investigation of the Platinum(IV) Tolfenamato Prodrug–Resolving Cisplatin-Resistance in Ovarian Carcinoma Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065718. [PMID: 36982792 PMCID: PMC10056020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The research on the anticancer potential of platinum(IV) complexes represents one strategy to circumvent the deficits of approved platinum(II) drugs. Regarding the role of inflammation during carcinogenesis, the effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ligands on the cytotoxicity of platinum(IV) complexes is of special interest. The synthesis of cisplatin- and oxaliplatin-based platinum(IV) complexes with four different NSAID ligands is presented in this work. Nine platinum(IV) complexes were synthesized and characterized by use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H, 13C, 195Pt, 19F), high-resolution mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The cytotoxic activity of eight compounds was evaluated for two isogenic pairs of cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant ovarian carcinoma cell lines. Platinum(IV) fenamato complexes with a cisplatin core showed especially high in vitro cytotoxicity against the tested cell lines. The most promising complex, 7, was further analyzed for its stability in different buffer solutions and behavior in cell cycle and cell death experiments. Compound 7 induces a strong cytostatic effect and cell line-dependent early apoptotic or late necrotic cell death processes. Gene expression analysis suggests that compound 7 acts through a stress-response pathway integrating p21, CHOP, and ATF3.
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15
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Spector D, Erofeev A, Gorelkin P, Skvortsov D, Trigub A, Markova A, Nikitina V, Ul'yanovskiy N, Shtil' A, Semkina A, Vlasova K, Zyk N, Majouga A, Beloglazkina E, Krasnovskaya O, Vasil'eva L. Biotinylated Pt(IV) prodrugs with elevated lipophilicity and cytotoxicity. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:866-871. [PMID: 36629146 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03662b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A design of Pt(IV) prodrugs with tumor cell targeting moieties leading to increased selectivity is of interest. Herein, we designed a novel Pt(IV) prodrugs with COX-inhibitor naproxen, long-chain hydrophobic stearic acid moiety and biotin as axial ligands. We have established that for Pt(IV) prodrugs with biotin and naproxen or stearate in axial position, the lipophilicity rather than biotin receptors expression is the main factor of cytotoxicity. We also monitored the reduction speed of Pt(IV) prodrug 3 with naproxen and biotin in axial positions in A549 cells using XANES and demonstrated that the prodrug gradually releases cisplatin within 20 hours of incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil Spector
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1, 3, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Leninskiy prospect 4, Moscow, 101000, Russia
| | - Alexander Erofeev
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1, 3, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Leninskiy prospect 4, Moscow, 101000, Russia
| | - Peter Gorelkin
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1, 3, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Leninskiy prospect 4, Moscow, 101000, Russia
| | - Dmitry Skvortsov
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1, 3, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Alexander Trigub
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Akademika Kurchatova pl., 1, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Alina Markova
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin Street, 4, 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vita Nikitina
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1, 3, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Nikolay Ul'yanovskiy
- Core Facility Center 'Arktika', Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk, 163002, Russia
| | - Alexander Shtil'
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoe highway 23, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Alevtina Semkina
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Ostrovitianov str. 1, Moscow, 117997, Russia.,Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Department of Basic and Applied Neuro-biology, Kropotkinskiy 23, Moscow, 119034, Russia
| | - Ksenia Vlasova
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1, 3, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Department of Basic and Applied Neuro-biology, Kropotkinskiy 23, Moscow, 119034, Russia
| | - Nikolay Zyk
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1, 3, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Alexander Majouga
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq. 9, Moscow, 125047, Russia
| | - Elena Beloglazkina
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1, 3, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Olga Krasnovskaya
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1, 3, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Leninskiy prospect 4, Moscow, 101000, Russia
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16
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Larasati L, Lestari WW, Firdaus M. Dual-Action Pt(IV) Prodrugs and Targeted Delivery in Metal-Organic Frameworks: Overcoming Cisplatin Resistance and Improving Anticancer Activity. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20220218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Larasati Larasati
- Master of Chemistry Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36A, Kentingan Jebres, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia, 57126
| | - Witri Wahyu Lestari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36A, Kentingan Jebres, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia, 57126
| | - Maulidan Firdaus
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36A, Kentingan Jebres, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia, 57126
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17
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Potential Anticancer Activities and Catalytic Oxidation Efficiency of Platinum(IV) Complex. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27144406. [PMID: 35889278 PMCID: PMC9323151 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of an aqueous acetonitrile solution of chloroplatinic acid hydrate H2PtCl6.xH2O and pyridine-2-carbaldehyde-oxime (paOH) in the presence of potassium thiocyanate at room temperature (25°) led to the formation of a new Pt(IV) complex with the formula [Pt(SCN)2(paO)2], (1). Complex 1 was fully characterized by FT-IR, UV-vis and NMR spectroscopic techniques as well as elemental analysis. The crystallographic structure of complex 1 was obtained by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure of complex 1 consists of a distorted octahedral geometrical environment around the platinum center in which the coordination sites are occupied by two terminal thiocyanate ligands in trans arrangement and two bidentate paO ligands through four nitrogen atoms. In addition, the in vitro evaluation of the cytotoxicity of platinum complex 1 against four different cancer cell lines was performed. The IC50 values for colon (HCT116), liver (HepG2), breast (MCF-7) and erythroid (JK-1) treated with complex 1 are 19 ± 6, 21 ± 5, 22 ± 6, and 13 ± 3 μM, respectively. In HCT116 cells treated with the IC50 dose of our title compound, apoptosis and necrosis were increased by 34% and 27.8%, respectively. Cells halted in the proliferative phase (S phase) to 21.7 % and 29.8% in HCT116 and HepG2 cells treated with complex 1 have anti-proliferative actions. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of synthesized complex 1 was examined in the oxidation reaction of benzyl alcohols in the presence of an oxidant. Finally, the luminescence behavior of complex 1 was investigated.
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18
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Masaryk L, Muthná D, Halaš P, Zoufalý P, Peterová E, Havelek R, Drahoš B, Milde D, Mrkvicová A, Štarha P. Stability of a half-sandwich Os(II) complex with indomethacin-functionalized ligand in the presence of carboxypeptidase A. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:9213-9217. [PMID: 35670076 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01085b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the presence of carboxypeptidase, the hydrolytically stable complex [Os(η6-pcym)(L2)Cl]PF6 (2) partially released the bioactive substituent indomethacin, bound through the amide bond to the chelating 2-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)pyridine-based moiety of L2. Stability in the presence of other relevant biomolecules (GSH, NADH, GMP) and cancer cell viability were also studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Masaryk
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Darina Muthná
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Šimkova 870, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Halaš
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Zoufalý
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Peterová
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Šimkova 870, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Havelek
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Šimkova 870, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Drahoš
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - David Milde
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Mrkvicová
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Šimkova 870, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Štarha
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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19
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A novel modified chitosan/collagen coated-gold nanoparticles for 5-fluorouracil delivery: Synthesis, characterization, in vitro drug release studies, anti-inflammatory activity and in vitro cytotoxicity assay. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 277:118858. [PMID: 34893265 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the development of the novel nanohybrids of gold nanoparticles reduced/stabilized/coated with collagen (AuNPs@collagen) in the first layer and subsequently modified with biotin-quat188-chitosan (Bi-QCS) in the outer layer for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) delivery to improve cellular uptake and promote specific cell targeting of the nanocarrier. The fabrication of the layer-by-layer technique on the surface of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can overcome the limitation of poor drug loading capacity of the classic AuNPs from 64.67% to 87.46%. The AuNPs@collagen coated by the Bi-QCS exhibits strong electrostatic interactions between drug anion (5-FU) and amine groups of the modified chitosan as well as hydrogen bonding. Furthermore, the Bi-QCS-AuNPs@collagen demonstrated a significantly higher anti-inflammatory activity in RAW264.7 macrophage cell line. The Bi-QCS-AuNPs@collagen enhanced the activity of 5-FU approximately 3.3-fold (HeLa) and 6.2-fold (A549), compared to the free 5-Fluorouracil. According to these results, it is very promising that Bi-QCS-AuNPs@collagen can be used as an effective drug delivery carrier in the future.
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20
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Ramos-Inza S, Ruberte AC, Sanmartín C, Sharma AK, Plano D. NSAIDs: Old Acquaintance in the Pipeline for Cancer Treatment and Prevention─Structural Modulation, Mechanisms of Action, and Bright Future. J Med Chem 2021; 64:16380-16421. [PMID: 34784195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The limitations of current chemotherapeutic drugs are still a major issue in cancer treatment. Thus, targeted multimodal therapeutic approaches need to be strategically developed to successfully control tumor growth and prevent metastatic burden. Inflammation has long been recognized as a hallmark of cancer and plays a key role in the tumorigenesis and progression of the disease. Several epidemiological, clinical, and preclinical studies have shown that traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) exhibit anticancer activities. This Perspective reports the most recent outcomes for the treatment and prevention of different types of cancers for several NSAIDs alone or in combination with current chemotherapeutic drugs. Furthermore, an extensive review of the most promising structural modifications is reported, such as phospho, H2S, and NO releasing-, selenium-, metal complex-, and natural product-NSAIDs, among others. We also provide a perspective about the new strategies used to obtain more efficient NSAID- or NSAID derivative- formulations for targeted delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ramos-Inza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Irunlarrea 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Carolina Ruberte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Irunlarrea 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Irunlarrea 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Arun K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, CH72, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Daniel Plano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Irunlarrea 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
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21
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Pandeya A, Yang L, Alegun O, Karunasena C, Risko C, Li Z, Wei Y. Biotinylation as a tool to enhance the uptake of small molecules in Gram-negative bacteria. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260023. [PMID: 34767592 PMCID: PMC8589159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern. The shrinking selection of effective antibiotics and lack of new development is making the situation worse. Gram-negative bacteria more specifically pose serious threat because of their double layered cell envelope and effective efflux systems, which is a challenge for drugs to penetrate. One promising approach to breach this barrier is the "Trojan horse strategy". In this technique, an antibiotic molecule is conjugated with a nutrient molecule that helps the antibiotic to enter the cell through dedicated transporters for the nutrient. Here, we explored the approach using biotin conjugation with a florescent molecule Atto565 to determine if biotinylation enhances accumulation. Biotin is an essential vitamin for bacteria and is obtained through either synthesis or uptake from the environment. We found that biotinylation enhanced accumulation of Atto565 in E. coli. However, the enhancement did not seem to be due to uptake through biotin transporters since the presence of free biotin had no observable impact on accumulation. Accumulated compound was mostly in the periplasm, as determined by cell fractionation studies. This was further confirmed through the observation that expression of streptavidin in the periplasm specifically enhanced the accumulation of biotinylated Atto565. This enhancement was not observed when streptavidin was expressed in the cytoplasm indicating no significant distribution of the compound inside the cytoplasm. Using gene knockout strains, plasmid complementation and mutagenesis studies we demonstrated that biotinylation made the compound a better passenger through OmpC, an outer membrane porin. Density functional theory (DFT)-based evaluation of the three-dimensional geometries showed that biotinylation did not directly stabilize the conformation of the compound to make it favorable for the entry through a pore. Further studies including molecular dynamics simulations are necessary to determine the possible mechanisms of enhanced accumulation of the biotinylated Atto565.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Pandeya
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Olaniyi Alegun
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Chamikara Karunasena
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
- Centre for Applied Energy and Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Chad Risko
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
- Centre for Applied Energy and Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Yinan Wei
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
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22
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Biancalana L, Kostrhunova H, Batchelor LK, Hadiji M, Degano I, Pampaloni G, Zacchini S, Dyson PJ, Brabec V, Marchetti F. Hetero-Bis-Conjugation of Bioactive Molecules to Half-Sandwich Ruthenium(II) and Iridium(III) Complexes Provides Synergic Effects in Cancer Cell Cytotoxicity. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:9529-9541. [PMID: 34156246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Four bipyridine-type ligands variably derivatized with two bioactive groups (taken from ethacrynic acid, flurbiprofen, biotin, and benzylpenicillin) were prepared via sequential esterification steps from commercial 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid and subsequently coordinated to ruthenium(II) p-cymene and iridium(III) pentamethylcyclopentadienyl scaffolds. The resulting complexes were isolated as nitrate salts in high yields and fully characterized by analytical and spectroscopic methods. NMR and MS studies in aqueous solution and in cell culture medium highlighted a substantial stability of ligand coordination and a slow release of the bioactive fragments in the latter case. The complexes were assessed for their antiproliferative activity on four cancer cell lines, showing cytotoxicity to the low micromolar level (equipotent with cisplatin). Additional biological experiments revealed a multimodal mechanism of action of the investigated compounds, involving DNA metalation and enzyme inhibition. Synergic effects provided by specific combinations of metal and bioactive fragments were identified, pointing toward an optimal ethacrynic acid/flurbiprofen combination for both Ru(II) and Ir(III) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Biancalana
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Hana Kostrhunova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucinda K Batchelor
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mouna Hadiji
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ilaria Degano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paul J Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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Harringer S, Hejl M, Enyedy ÉA, Jakupec MA, Galanski MS, Keppler BK, Dyson PJ, Varbanov HP. Multifunctional Pt(iv) prodrug candidates featuring the carboplatin core and deferoxamine. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:8167-8178. [PMID: 34031671 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00214g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The synergistic combination of the anticancer drug carboplatin and the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO) served as a foundation for the development of novel multifunctional prodrugs. Hence, five platinum(iv) complexes, featuring the equatorial coordination sphere of carboplatin, and one or two DFO units incorporated at axial positions, were synthesized and characterized using ESI-HRMS, multinuclear (1H, 13C, 15N, 195Pt) NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Analytical studies demonstrated that the chelating properties of the DFO moiety were not compromised after coupling to the platinum(iv) core. The cytotoxic activity of the compounds was evaluated in monolayer (2D) and spheroid (3D) cancer cell models, derived from ovarian teratocarcinoma (CH1/PA-1), colon carcinoma (SW480) and non-small cell lung cancer (A549). The platinum(iv)-DFO prodrugs demonstrated moderate in vitro cytotoxicity (a consequence of their slow activation kinetics) but with less pronounced differences between intrinsically chemoresistant and chemosensitive cell lines as well as between 2D and 3D models than the clinically used platinum(ii) drug carboplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Harringer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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24
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Abstract
We would like to be able to design Pt(IV) prodrugs that can overcome resistance and minimize side effects. Unlike with the early exploration of Pt(II) anticancer agents where clear structure-activity relationships were defined, even after more than two decades of research on Pt(IV) prodrugs, there is no roadmap that can point us to the holy grail. Despite many excellent rational endeavors, we still have not found the "right" two axial ligands to append to the Pt(IV) derivatives of platinum(II) drugs that will "make platinum great again". So far this proved elusive, indicating that the design of Pt(IV) prodrugs is a difficult and frustrating task. Despite our better understanding of the biological processes and availability of advanced technologies, even our sophisticated rational plans often leave us disappointed and frustrated because at the end of the day, we are not able to outsmart the cancer cells or the mice, and just like Rosenberg, we might need to be rescued by serendipity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gibson
- Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
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25
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Pt(IV) Prodrugs with NSAIDs as Axial Ligands. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083817. [PMID: 33917027 PMCID: PMC8067705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A chemo-anti-inflammatory strategy is of interest for the treatment of aggressive cancers. The platinum (IV) prodrug with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as axial ligands is designed to efficiently enter tumor cells due to high lipophilicity and release the cytotoxic metabolite and NSAID intracellularly, thereby reducing side effects and increasing the therapeutic efficacy of platinum chemotherapy. Over the last 7 years, a number of publications have been devoted to the design of such Pt(IV) prodrugs in combination with anti-inflammatory chemotherapy, with high therapeutic efficacy in vitro and In vivo. In this review, we summarize the studies devoted to the development of Pt(IV) prodrugs with NSAIDs as axial ligands, the study of the mechanism of their cytotoxic action and anti-inflammatory activity, the structure-activity ratio, and therapeutic efficacy.
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26
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Purushothaman BK, Maheswari P U, Sheriffa Begum K M M. pH
and magnetic field responsive protein‐inorganic nanohybrid conjugated with biotin: A biocompatible carrier system targeting lung cancer cells. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Uma Maheswari P
- Department of Chemical Engineering National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli India
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27
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Gibson D. Platinum(IV) anticancer agents; are we en route to the holy grail or to a dead end? J Inorg Biochem 2021; 217:111353. [PMID: 33477089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Pt(IV) complexes are designed as prodrugs that are intended to overcome resistance. Pt(IV) prodrugs are activated inside cancer cells releasing cytotoxic Pt(II) drugs as well as two axial ligands that can be used to confer favorable pharmacological properties to the prodrug. The ligands can be innocent spectators, cancer targeting agents or bioactive moieties. The choice of axial ligands determines the chemical and pharmacological properties of the prodrugs. Over the years, several approaches were employed in attempts to increase the selectivity of the prodrugs to cancer cells and to utilize multi-action prodrugs to overcome resistance. In this review, we critically examine several of these approaches in order to evaluate the validity of some of the working hypotheses that are driving the current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gibson
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.
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28
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Bis‐conjugation of Bioactive Molecules to Cisplatin‐like Complexes through (2,2′‐Bipyridine)‐4,4′‐Dicarboxylic Acid with Optimal Cytotoxicity Profile Provided by the Combination Ethacrynic Acid/Flurbiprofen. Chemistry 2020; 26:17525-17535. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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29
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Yu C, Wang Z, Sun Z, Zhang L, Zhang W, Xu Y, Zhang JJ. Platinum-Based Combination Therapy: Molecular Rationale, Current Clinical Uses, and Future Perspectives. J Med Chem 2020; 63:13397-13412. [PMID: 32813515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Platinum drugs are common in chemotherapy, but their clinical applications have been limited due to drug resistance and severe toxic effects. The combination of platinum drugs with other drugs with different mechanisms of anticancer action, especially checkpoint inhibitors, is increasingly popular. This combination is the leading strategy to improve the therapeutic efficiency and minimize the side effects of platinum drugs. In this review, we focus on the mechanistic basis of the combinations of platinum-based drugs with other drugs to inspire the development of more promising platinum-based combination regimens in clinical trials as well as novel multitargeting platinum drugs overcoming drug resistance and toxicities resulting from current platinum drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqiu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zeren Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wanwan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yungen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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30
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Phillips AM, Pombeiro AJ. Transition Metal-Based Prodrugs for Anticancer Drug Delivery. Curr Med Chem 2020; 26:7476-7519. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666181203141122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
:
Transition metal complexes, of which the platinum(II) complex cisplatin is an example,
have been used in medicine to treat cancer for more than 40 years. Although many successes have
been achieved, there are problems associated with the use of these drugs, such as side effects and
drug resistance. Converting them into prodrugs, to make them more inert, so that they can travel to
the tumour site unchanged and release the drug in its active form only there, is a strategy which is
the subject of much research nowadays. The new prodrugs may be activated and release the cytotoxic
agent by differences in oxygen concentration or in pH, by the action of overexpressed enzymes,
by differences in metabolic rates, etc., which characteristically distinguish cancer cells from
normal ones, or even by the input of radiation, which can be visible light. Converting a metal complex
into a prodrug may also be used to improve its pharmacological properties. In some cases, the
metal complex is a carrier which transports the active drug as a ligand. Some platinum prodrugs
have reached clinical trials. So far platinum, ruthenium and cobalt have been the most studied metals.
This review presents the recent developments in this area, including the types of complexes
used, the mechanisms of drug action and in some cases the techniques applied to monitor drug delivery
to cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M.F. Phillips
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Armando J.L. Pombeiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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31
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32
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Oliveira GDFS, Gouveia FS, Pinheiro ADA, do Nascimento Neto LG, de Vasconcelos MA, Teixeira EH, Gondim ACS, Lopes LGDF, de Carvalho IMM, Sousa EHS. An anthracene-pendant ruthenium( ii) complex conjugated to a biotin anchor, an essential handle for photo-induced anti-cancer activity. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00209g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Efficient avidin binding and selective cancer cell response upon light irradiation of an enhanced ROS photogenerator biotinylated ruthenium complex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Florencio Sousa Gouveia
- Group of Bioinorganic
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry
- Federal University of Ceará
- Fortaleza
- Brazil
| | - Aryane de Azevedo Pinheiro
- Laboratório Integrado de Biomoléculas
- Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal
- Universidade Federal do Ceará
- Fortaleza
- Brazil
| | | | - Mayron Alves de Vasconcelos
- Laboratório Integrado de Biomoléculas
- Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal
- Universidade Federal do Ceará
- Fortaleza
- Brazil
| | - Edson Holanda Teixeira
- Laboratório Integrado de Biomoléculas
- Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal
- Universidade Federal do Ceará
- Fortaleza
- Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Silva Gondim
- Group of Bioinorganic
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry
- Federal University of Ceará
- Fortaleza
- Brazil
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33
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Wang X, Cheng X, He L, Zeng X, Zheng Y, Tang R. Self-Assembled Indomethacin Dimer Nanoparticles Loaded with Doxorubicin for Combination Therapy in Resistant Breast Cancer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:28597-28609. [PMID: 31314480 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An ortho-ester-linked indomethacin (IND) dimer-based nanodrug delivery system was prepared to improve the therapeutic effect of doxorubicin (DOX) by reversing the multidrug resistance. The synthesized dimer (IND-OE) could form stable nanoparticles (IND-OE/DOX) loaded with DOX via the single-emulsion method. Compare to insensitive nanoparticles (IND-C12/DOX), IND-OE/DOX showed a rapid degradation behavior and accelerated drug release at mildly acidic environments. In vitro cell experiments verified that IND-OE nanoparticles could increase DOX concentration due to the efficient intracellular drug release by the degradation of the ortho ester as well as reduced DOX efflux by IND-mediated P-gp downregulation. In vivo studies further demonstrated that IND-OE/DOX displayed the maximized synergetic antitumor efficacy than free DOX or IND-C12/DOX, and the tumor inhibition rates versus saline were 46.78% (free DOX), 60.23% (IND-C12/DOX), and 80.62% (IND-OE/DOX). Overall, this strategy of combination with chemosensitizers and ortho ester linkage has great potential to serve as an amplifying chemotherapy platform against various drug-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences , Anhui University , 111 Jiulong Road , Hefei , Anhui Province 230601 , P. R. China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences , Anhui University , 111 Jiulong Road , Hefei , Anhui Province 230601 , P. R. China
| | - Le He
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences , Anhui University , 111 Jiulong Road , Hefei , Anhui Province 230601 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zeng
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences , Anhui University , 111 Jiulong Road , Hefei , Anhui Province 230601 , P. R. China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences , Anhui University , 111 Jiulong Road , Hefei , Anhui Province 230601 , P. R. China
| | - Rupei Tang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences , Anhui University , 111 Jiulong Road , Hefei , Anhui Province 230601 , P. R. China
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34
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Côrte-Real L, Karas B, Brás AR, Pilon A, Avecilla F, Marques F, Preto A, Buckley BT, Cooper KR, Doherty C, Garcia MH, Valente A. Ruthenium-Cyclopentadienyl Bipyridine-Biotin Based Compounds: Synthesis and Biological Effect. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:9135-9149. [PMID: 31241925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Prospective anticancer metallodrugs should consider target-specific components in their design in order to overcome the limitations of the current chemotherapeutics. The inclusion of vitamins, which receptors are overexpressed in many cancer cell lines, has proven to be a valid strategy. Therefore, in this paper we report the synthesis and characterization of a set of new compounds [Ru(η5-C5H5)(P(C6H4R)3)(4,4'-R'-2,2'-bpy)]+ (R = F and R' = H, 3; R = F and R' = biotin, 4; R = OCH3 and R' = H, 5; R = OCH3 and R' = biotin, 6), inspired by the exceptional good results recently obtained for the analogue bearing a triphenylphosphane ligand. The precursors for these syntheses were also described following modified literature procedures, [Ru(η5-C5H5)(P(C6H4R)3)2Cl], where R is -F (1) or -OCH3 (2). The structure of all compounds is fully supported by spectroscopic and analytical techniques and by X-ray diffraction studies for compounds 2, 3, and 5. All cationic compounds are cytotoxic in the two breast cancer cell lines tested, MCF7 and MDA-MB-231, and much better than cisplatin under the same experimental conditions. The cytotoxicity of the biotinylated compounds seems to be related with the Ru uptake by the cells expressing biotin receptors, indicating a potential mediated uptake. Indeed, a biotin-avidin study confirmed that the attachment of biotin to the organometallic fragment still allows biotin recognition by the protein. Therefore, the biotinylated compounds might be potent anticancer drugs as they show cytotoxic effect in breast cancer cells at low dose dependent on the compounds' uptake, induce cell death by apoptosis and inhibit the colony formation of cancer cells causing also less severe side effects in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Côrte-Real
- Centro de Química Estrutural , Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa , Campo Grande , 1749-016 Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Brittany Karas
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute , Rutgers University , 170 Frelinghuysen Road , Piscataway New Jersey 08854 , United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , Rutgers University , 76 Lipman Drive , New Brunswick New Jersey 08854 , United States
| | - Ana Rita Brás
- Centro de Química Estrutural , Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa , Campo Grande , 1749-016 Lisboa , Portugal.,Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology , University of Minho , Portugal. Campus de Gualtar , Braga 4710-057 , Portugal
| | - Adhan Pilon
- Centro de Química Estrutural , Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa , Campo Grande , 1749-016 Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Fernando Avecilla
- Grupo Xenomar, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias , Universidade da Coruña , Campus de A Coruña , 15071 A Coruña , Spain
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Te'cnico (C2TN/IST) , Universidade de Lisboa , Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139.7) , 2695-066 Bobadela LRS , Portugal
| | - Ana Preto
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology , University of Minho , Portugal. Campus de Gualtar , Braga 4710-057 , Portugal
| | - Brian T Buckley
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute , Rutgers University , 170 Frelinghuysen Road , Piscataway New Jersey 08854 , United States
| | - Keith R Cooper
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , Rutgers University , 76 Lipman Drive , New Brunswick New Jersey 08854 , United States
| | - Cathleen Doherty
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute , Rutgers University , 170 Frelinghuysen Road , Piscataway New Jersey 08854 , United States
| | - M Helena Garcia
- Centro de Química Estrutural , Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa , Campo Grande , 1749-016 Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Andreia Valente
- Centro de Química Estrutural , Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa , Campo Grande , 1749-016 Lisboa , Portugal
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35
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Jangili P, Won M, Kim SJ, Chun J, Shim I, Kang C, Ren WX, Kim JS. Binary Drug Reinforced First Small-Molecule-Based Prodrug for Synergistic Anticancer Effects. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:3532-3539. [PMID: 35030740 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paramesh Jangili
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Miae Won
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Jin Kim
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Chun
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Inseob Shim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhun Kang
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Wen Xiu Ren
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People’s Republic of China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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36
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Ravera M, Zanellato I, Gabano E, Perin E, Rangone B, Coppola M, Osella D. Antiproliferative Activity of Pt(IV) Conjugates Containing the Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) Ketoprofen and Naproxen †. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3074. [PMID: 31238499 PMCID: PMC6627341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin and several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been proven to act synergistically or at least additively on several tumor cell lines. Dual-action cisplatin-based Pt(IV) combos containing ketoprofen and naproxen offer good antiproliferative performance on a panel of human tumor cell lines, including a malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) one, a very chemoresistant tumor. The main reason of the increased activity relies on the enhanced lipophilicity of these Pt(IV) conjugates that in turn promotes increased cellular accumulation. A quick Pt(IV)→Pt(II) reduction generates the active cisplatin metabolite. The NSAID adjuvant action seems to be almost independent from cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in the tumor cells under investigation (lung A-549, colon HT-29, HCT 116, SW480, ovarian A2780, and biphasic MPM MSTO-211H), but it seems to rely (at least in part) on the activation of the NSAID activated gene, NAG-1 (a member of the transforming growth factor beta, TGF-β, superfamily), which has been suggested to be involved in NSAID antiproliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Ravera
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Zanellato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Gabano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Elena Perin
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Rangone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Marco Coppola
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Domenico Osella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
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37
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Ravera M, Gabano E, McGlinchey MJ, Osella D. A view on multi-action Pt(IV) antitumor prodrugs. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Wang Z, Deng Z, Zhu G. Emerging platinum(iv) prodrugs to combat cisplatin resistance: from isolated cancer cells to tumor microenvironment. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:2536-2544. [PMID: 30633263 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03923b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin plays a pivotal role in the treatment of various malignant tumors, but its therapeutic effects are hampered by drug resistance. Pt(iv) prodrugs represent a promising class of "non-conventional" platinum-based anticancer agents to circumvent drug resistance, which can be easily functionalized with other bioactive ligands. One strategy is to build "dual-action" and "multi-action" Pt(iv) prodrugs that not only damage DNA but also perturb other pathways related to cisplatin resistance to achieve combinatorial therapeutic effects. Another way to overcome the shortcomings of cisplatin is to deliver Pt(iv) prodrugs via nanocarriers. Most studies in this area have focused on designing prodrugs based on the mechanism of cisplatin resistance within isolated cancer cells. Recent findings, however, reveal that the tumor microenvironment also plays important roles in the development of cisplatin resistance. This perspective focuses on various types of novel cisplatin-based Pt(iv) complexes, including Pt-loaded nanostructures, to overcome cisplatin resistance. Special attention will be devoted to complexes that target the tumor microenvironment, which is a new area for the development of effective Pt(iv) prodrugs. Our summary and outlook may have a hope to help researchers in the field generate new ideas and strategies to develop more potent Pt(iv) prodrugs to combat cisplatin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.
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Kritchenkov AS, Stanishevskii YM, Skorik YA. Design and Antitumor Activity of Platinum Complexes. Pharm Chem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-019-01947-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ma DL, Wu C, Cheng SS, Lee FW, Han QB, Leung CH. Development of Natural Product-Conjugated Metal Complexes as Cancer Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E341. [PMID: 30650627 PMCID: PMC6359354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based drugs have revolutionized cancer care, but are unfortunately associated with various adverse effects. Meanwhile, natural product scaffolds exhibit multifarious bioactivities and serve as an attractive resource for cancer therapy development. Thus, the conjugation of natural product scaffolds to metal complexes becomes an attractive strategy to reduce the severe side effects arising from the use of metal bearing drugs. This review aims to highlight the recent examples of natural product-conjugated metal complexes as cancer therapies with enhanced selectivity and efficacy. We discuss the mechanisms and features of different conjugate complexes and present an outlook and perspective for the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Chun Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Sha-Sha Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao 999078, China.
| | - Fu-Wa Lee
- College of International Education, School of Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shek Mun, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Quan-Bin Han
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao 999078, China.
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Kenny RG, Marmion CJ. Toward Multi-Targeted Platinum and Ruthenium Drugs-A New Paradigm in Cancer Drug Treatment Regimens? Chem Rev 2019; 119:1058-1137. [PMID: 30640441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
While medicinal inorganic chemistry has been practised for over 5000 years, it was not until the late 1800s when Alfred Werner published his ground-breaking research on coordination chemistry that we began to truly understand the nature of the coordination bond and the structures and stereochemistries of metal complexes. We can now readily manipulate and fine-tune their properties. This had led to a multitude of complexes with wide-ranging biomedical applications. This review will focus on the use and potential of metal complexes as important therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer. With major advances in technologies and a deeper understanding of the human genome, we are now in a strong position to more fully understand carcinogenesis at a molecular level. We can now also rationally design and develop drug molecules that can either selectively enhance or disrupt key biological processes and, in doing so, optimize their therapeutic potential. This has heralded a new era in drug design in which we are moving from a single- toward a multitargeted approach. This approach lies at the very heart of medicinal inorganic chemistry. In this review, we have endeavored to showcase how a "multitargeted" approach to drug design has led to new families of metallodrugs which may not only reduce systemic toxicities associated with modern day chemotherapeutics but also address resistance issues that are plaguing many chemotherapeutic regimens. We have focused our attention on metallodrugs incorporating platinum and ruthenium ions given that complexes containing these metal ions are already in clinical use or have advanced to clinical trials as anticancer agents. The "multitargeted" complexes described herein not only target DNA but also contain either vectors to enable them to target cancer cells selectively and/or moieties that target enzymes, peptides, and intracellular proteins. Multitargeted complexes which have been designed to target the mitochondria or complexes inspired by natural product activity are also described. A summary of advances in this field over the past decade or so will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reece G Kenny
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry , Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , 123 St. Stephen's Green , Dublin 2 , Ireland
| | - Celine J Marmion
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry , Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , 123 St. Stephen's Green , Dublin 2 , Ireland
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Kallus S, Uhlik L, van Schoonhoven S, Pelivan K, Berger W, Enyedy ÉA, Hofmann T, Heffeter P, Kowol CR, Keppler BK. Synthesis and biological evaluation of biotin-conjugated anticancer thiosemicarbazones and their iron(III) and copper(II) complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 190:85-97. [PMID: 30384010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Triapine, the most prominent anticancer drug candidate from the substance class of thiosemicarbazones, was investigated in >30 clinical phase I and II studies. However, the results were rather disappointing against solid tumors, which can be explained (at least partially) due to inefficient delivery to the tumor site. Hence, we synthesized the first biotin-functionalized thiosemicarbazone derivatives in order to increase tumor specificity and accumulation. Additionally, for Triapine and one biotin conjugate the iron(III) and copper(II) complexes were prepared. Subsequently, the novel compounds were biologically evaluated on a cell line panel with different biotin uptake. The metal-free biotin-conjugated ligands showed comparable activity to the reference compound Triapine. However, astonishingly, the metal complexes of the biotinylated derivative showed strikingly decreased anticancer activity. To further analyze possible differences between the metal complexes, detailed physico- and electrochemical experiments were performed. However, neither lipophilicity or complex solution stability, nor the reduction potential or behavior in the presence of biologically relevant reducing agents showed strong variations between the biotinylated and non-biotinylated derivatives (only some differences in the reduction kinetics were observed). Nonetheless, the metal-free biotin-conjugate of Triapine revealed distinct activity in a colon cancer mouse model upon oral application comparable to Triapine. Therefore, this type of biotin-conjugated thiosemicarbazone is of interest for further synthetic strategies and biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kallus
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Uhlik
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkeg. 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sushilla van Schoonhoven
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkeg. 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karla Pelivan
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkeg. 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", Vienna, Austria
| | - Éva A Enyedy
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Thilo Hofmann
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkeg. 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christian R Kowol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", Vienna, Austria.
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", Vienna, Austria
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Gibson D. Multi-action Pt(IV) anticancer agents; do we understand how they work? J Inorg Biochem 2018; 191:77-84. [PMID: 30471522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pt(IV) complexes act as prodrugs that are activated inside cancer cells releasing cytotoxic Pt(II) drugs such as cisplatin as well as two axial ligands. These ligands can be used to confer favorable pharmacological properties to the prodrug. They can be innocent spectators, targeting agents or bioactive moieties. When the ligands are bioactive moieties such as enzyme inhibitors or antiproliferative agents, the prodrug attacks several cellular targets at the same time acting as a multi-action prodrug. These compounds are very potent and often overcome resistance to cisplatin. Despite solid rationalization and careful design, often there is no correlation between the ability of the bioactive ligand to inhibit the target enzyme and the cytotoxicity. This might be because most bioactive ligands affect several cellular functions and not only the ones they were designed to inhibit. Thus, even "dual action" prodrugs might in reality be multi-action prodrugs. This class of multi-action Pt(IV) prodrugs seems to have great potential in the attempts to overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gibson
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
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Li X, Liu Y, Tian H. Current Developments in Pt(IV) Prodrugs Conjugated with Bioactive Ligands. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2018; 2018:8276139. [PMID: 30402082 PMCID: PMC6191961 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8276139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To overcome the side effects of and resistance to cisplatin, a variety of Pt(IV) prodrugs were designed and synthesized via different modifications including combination with lipid chains to increase hydrophobicity, conjugation with short peptide chains or nanoparticles to improve drug delivery, or addition of bioactive ligands to the axial positions of Pt(IV) complexes to exert dual-function effects. This review summarizes the recent progress in the development of Pt(IV) prodrugs conjugated with bioactive-targeting ligands, including histone deacetylase inhibitors, p53 agonists, alkylating agents, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Although Pt(IV) complexes that conjugated with bioactive ligands show satisfactory anticancer effects, none has been approved for clinical use. Therefore, we hope that this review will contribute to further study and development of Pt(IV) complexes conjugated with bioactive and other ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yahong Liu
- Tianjin Binjiang Pharma, Inc., Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Hongqi Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
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45
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COX-2 Inhibition mediated anti-angiogenic activatable prodrug potentiates cancer therapy in preclinical models. Biomaterials 2018; 185:63-72. [PMID: 30223141 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Anti-angiogenesis, i.e., blocking the angiogenic pathway, has been considered as an important component in current cancer therapeutic modalities. However, the associated benefits have proven to be modest as tumor angiogenesis and regrowth persist, probably due to other ill-defined complex angiogenic mechanisms. Herein, we developed an indomethacin (IMC) incorporating system to mediate hypoxia responsive prodrug (TA) and diagnostic agent (DA) in cancer theranostic applications. Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) elevated expression in several cancer types is closely associated with severe tumor supporting vascularization factors. Our strategy utilizing COX-2 inhibition augmented the anti-angiogenetic induced hypoxia responsive prodrug activation well. Both in vitro and in vivo results proved that DA and TA exhibited specificity towards COX-2 positive (+ve) HeLa and A549 cancer cell lines and activation under hypoxic conditions. Compared with controls (R1, and anticancer drug SN-38), TA displayed prolonged tumor retention and enhanced therapeutic efficacy in xenograft mouse models at a reduced dosage. Our results significantly highlighted the importance of COX-2 blockade mediated anti-angiogenesis in complementing the hypoxia-responsive drug delivery systems (DDSs) and could to beneficial for the rapid development of more efficacious antitumor therapeutics.
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Luo J, Meng X, Su J, Ma H, Wang W, Fang L, Zheng H, Qin Y, Chen T. Biotin-Modified Polylactic- co-Glycolic Acid Nanoparticles with Improved Antiproliferative Activity of 15,16-Dihydrotanshinone I in Human Cervical Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9219-9230. [PMID: 30102527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
15,16-Dihydrotanshinone I (DI), a natural compound isolated from a traditional Asian functional food Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bunge, is known for its anticancer activity. However, poor solubility of DI limits its desirable anticancer application. Herein, polylactic- co-glycolic acid (PLGA) was functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and biotin to form copolymers PEG-PLGA (PPA) and biotin-PEG-PLGA (BPA). DI was encapsulated in copolymers PPA and BPA to obtain DI-PPA-NPs (NPs = nanoparticles) and DI-BPA-NPs, respectively. The particle size and its distribution, encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro releasing capacity of DI-BPA-NPs were characterized by biophysical methods. MTT assay was used to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of free DI, DI-PPA-NPs, and DI-BPA-NPs in human cervical cancer Hela cells. DI-BPA-NPs showed the highest cytotoxicity on Hela cells with an IC50 value of 4.55 ± 0.631 μM, while it was 8.20 ± 0.849 and 6.14 ± 0.312 μM for DI and DI-PPA-NPs in 72 h, respectively. The superior antiproliferative activity was supported by the fact that DI-BPA-NPs could be preferentially internalized by Hela cells, owing to their specific interaction between biotin and overexpressed biotin receptors. In addition, DI-BPA-NPs effectively inhibited Hela cell proliferation by inducing G2/M phase cycle arrest and decreasing the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level by 31.50 ± 2.29% in 5 min. In summary, DI-BPA-NPs shows improved antiproliferative activity against human cervical cancer as comparing with free DI, demonstrating its application potential in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Luo
- School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Xiaofeng Meng
- School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Jianyu Su
- School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center) , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Hang Ma
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Rhode Island , Kingston , Rhode Island 02881 , United States
| | - Wen Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Liming Fang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Huade Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Yexia Qin
- Institute of Industrial Technology Research , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 , China
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Polypyridyl Zinc(II)-Indomethacin Complexes with Potent Anti-Breast Cancer Stem Cell Activity. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092253. [PMID: 30181492 PMCID: PMC6225474 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought of as a clinically pertinent subpopulation of tumors, partly responsible for cancer relapse and metastasis. Research programs aimed at discovering anti-CSC agents have largely focused on biologics and purely organic molecules. Recently, we showed that a family of redox-active copper(II) complexes with phenanthroline-based ligands and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as indomethacin, are capable of potently and selectively killing breast CSCs. Herein we present analogous redox-inactive, zinc(II)-phenanthroline-indomethacin complexes with the ability to kill breast CSCs and bulk breast cancer cells with equal potency (in the submicro- or micromolar range). A single dose of the zinc(II) complexes could theoretically be administered to eliminate whole tumor populations. Excitingly, some of the zinc(II) complexes decrease the growth and viability of mammospheres to a comparable or higher degree than salinomycin, a compound known to effectively kill breast CSCs. As far as we are aware this is the first report to examine the anti-breast CSC activity of zinc(II)-containing compounds.
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48
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Lee Y, Lee S, Jon S. Biotinylated Bilirubin Nanoparticles as a Tumor Microenvironment-Responsive Drug Delivery System for Targeted Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1800017. [PMID: 29938184 PMCID: PMC6010876 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis and cancer cell metastasis. Accordingly, a drug-delivery system (DDS) that is capable of targeting tumor and releasing drugs in response to TME-associated stimuli should lead to potent antitumor efficacy. Here, a cancer targeting, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive drug delivery vehicle as an example of a TME-targeting DDS is reported. Tumor targeting is achieved using biotin as a ligand for "biotin transporter"-overexpressing malignant tumors, and bilirubin-based nanoparticles (BRNPs) are used as a drug-delivery carrier that enables ROS-responsive drug release. Doxorubicin-loaded, biotinylated BRNPs (Dox@bt-BRNPs) with size of ≈100 nm are prepared by a one-step self-assembly process. Dox@bt-BRNPs exhibit accelerated Dox-release behavior in response to ROS and show specific binding as well as anticancer activity against biotin transporter-overexpressing HeLa cells in vitro. bt-BRNPs labeled with cypate, near-infrared dye, show much greater accumulation at tumor sites in HeLa tumor-bearing mice than BRNPs lacking the biotin ligand. Finally, intravenous injection of Dox@bt-BRNPs into HeLa tumor-bearing mice results in greater antitumor efficacy compared with free Dox, bt-BRNPs only, and Dox@BRNPs without causing any appreciable body weight loss. Collectively, these findings suggest that bt-BRNPs hold potential as a new TME-responsive DDS for effectively treating various tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghyun Lee
- KAIST Institute for the BioCenturyDepartment of Biological SciencesKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐roDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Lee
- KAIST Institute for the BioCenturyDepartment of Biological SciencesKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐roDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyong Jon
- KAIST Institute for the BioCenturyDepartment of Biological SciencesKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐roDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
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Takahashi M, Ogawa T, Kashiwagi H, Fukushima F, Yoshitsugu M, Haba M, Hosokawa M. Chemical synthesis of an indomethacin ester prodrug and its metabolic activation by human carboxylesterase 1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:997-1000. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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50
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Biancalana L, Batchelor LK, Dyson PJ, Zacchini S, Schoch S, Pampaloni G, Marchetti F. α-Diimine homologues of cisplatin: synthesis, speciation in DMSO/water and cytotoxicity. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04195d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
α-Diimine Pt(ii) complexes display variable stability in DMSO and DMSO/water mixtures, depending on the nature of the N-substituents. The most stable compounds are moderately cytotoxic, or are essentially inactive, against A2780 and A2780cisR cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Biancalana
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale
- Università di Pisa
- I-56124 Pisa
- Italy
| | - Lucinda K. Batchelor
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- CH-1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Paul J. Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- CH-1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”
- Università di Bologna
- I-40136 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Silvia Schoch
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale
- Università di Pisa
- I-56124 Pisa
- Italy
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale
- Università di Pisa
- I-56124 Pisa
- Italy
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale
- Università di Pisa
- I-56124 Pisa
- Italy
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