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Li M, Yan S, Feng X, Jiang Q, Guan M, Shen J, Liu Z. An upstream signaling gene calmodulin regulates the synthesis of insect wax via activating fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 169:104126. [PMID: 38663758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Insect wax accumulates on the surface of insect cuticle, which acts as an important protective barrier against rain, ultraviolet light radiation, pathogens, etc. The waxing behavior, wax composition and molecular mechanism underling wax biosynthesis are unclear in dustywings. Herein, the current study determined the vital developmental stage for waxing behavior in dustywings, examined the components of waxy secretions, and identified key regulatory genes for wax biosynthesis. The wax glands were mainly located on the thorax and abdomen of dustywing adults. The adults spread the waxy secretions over their entire body surface. The metabolomics analysis identified 32 lipids and lipid-like molecules, 15 organic acids and derivatives, 7 benzenoids, etc. as the main components of waxy secretions. The fatty acids represented the largest proportion of the category of lipid and lipid-like molecules. The conjoint analysis of metabolomics and transcriptomics identified two crucial genes fatty acyl-CoA reductase (CsFAR) and calmodulin (CsCaM) for wax biosynthesis. The down-regulation of these genes via nanocarrier-mediated RNA interference technology significantly reduced the amount of wax particles. Notably, the RNAi of CsCaM apparently suppressed the expression of most genes in fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, indicating the CsCaM might act as a main upstream regulator of fatty acid biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuo Yan
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinying Feng
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qinhong Jiang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mei Guan
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie Shen
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Zhiqi Liu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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2
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Shi XX, Zhang H, Quais MK, Chen M, Wang N, Zhang C, Mao C, Zhu ZR. Knockdown of sphingomyelinase (NlSMase) causes ovarian malformation of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 31:391-402. [PMID: 35156743 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sphingomyelinases (SMases) are a group of enzymes that catalyse the hydrolysis of sphingomyelins into ceramides and phosphorylcholine. They have been intensively investigated for their pathophysiological roles in mammals whereas much remains unclear about their counterparts in insects. Herein we report the cloning and functional characterization of four SMase homologue genes, designated NlSMase1-4, from brown planthopper (BPH). The phylogenetic analysis revealed that NlSMase1 and NlSMase2 were clustered into acid SMase family, and NlSMase3 and NlSMase4 with neutral SMase family. NlSMase1, NlSMase3 and NlSMase4 were highly expressed in BPH females, and NlSMaes2 in the 5th instar nymph. All four NlSMases had the lowest transcription in BPH males. NlSMase1 and NlSMase4 were highly expressed in BPH ovaries, while NlSMase2 and NlSMase3 in midgut and wings, respectively. Knocking-down of each NlSMase individual by RNA interference (RNAi) caused the ovarian malformation in BPH. The transcriptomic analysis revealed that NlSMase4 knockdown could strongly affect diacylglycerol (DAG)-related metabolisms and their downstream pathways. Further, qRT-PCR analysis of vitellogenin (Vg) genes indicates that the DAG metabolism disorder could interrupt the essential Vg accumulation for BPH oogenesis. Our study demonstrates the vital role of NlSMases in BPH reproductive development and provides new insights into the mediated mechanism of how SMases function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, and Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute for Intelligent Bio/Chem Manufacturing (iBCM), ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejian, China
| | - He Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, and Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Md Khairul Quais
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, and Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Senior Scientific Officer, Rice Farming Systems Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, and Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ni Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, and Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, and Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cungui Mao
- Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Zeng-Rong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, and Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Hainan Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan, China
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3
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Fu J, Shi Y, Wang L, Tian T, Li J, Gong L, Zheng Z, Jing M, Fang J, Ji R. Planthopper-Secreted Salivary Calmodulin Acts as an Effector for Defense Responses in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:841378. [PMID: 35295635 PMCID: PMC8918949 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.841378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens, BPH) and small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus, SBPH) are major pests of rice (Oryza sativa) in Asia. These piercing-sucking insects secrete saliva into the host during feeding. Nevertheless, it is largely unknown how planthoppers use salivary effectors to enable continuous feeding on rice. Here, we screened their salivary proteomes and selected eight salivary proteins conserved between SBPH and BPH as candidate effectors. Silencing calmodulin (CaM) impeded BPH and SBPH from penetrating the phloem. Hence, their food intake, survival, and fecundity on rice plants were reduced. By contrast, CaM silencing had a small effect on the survival rate of BPH and SBPH raised on artificial diet. The CaM amino acid sequences were the same for both BPH and SBPH. CaM was highly expressed in their salivary glands and secreted into the rice plants during feeding. Bacterially expressed recombinant CaM protein exhibited calcium-binding activity. In planta expression disclosed that CaM was localized to the plant cytoplasms and nuclei and suppressed plant defenses such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation and callose deposition. CaM-silenced BPH and SBPH nymphs elicited relatively high levels of H2O2 and callose accumulation in rice plants. The foregoing results reveal that CaM is an effector as it enables the planthopper to reach the phloem by suppressing callose deposition and H2O2 accumulation in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Fu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Shi
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhouting Zheng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Maofeng Jing
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jichao Fang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an, China
| | - Rui Ji
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an, China
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Doğan C, Hänniger S, Heckel DG, Coutu C, Hegedus DD, Crubaugh L, Groves RL, Mutlu DA, Suludere Z, Bayram Ş, Toprak U. Characterization of calcium signaling proteins from the fat body of the Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): Implications for diapause and lipid metabolism. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 133:103549. [PMID: 33610660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) regulates many cellular and physiological processes from development to reproduction. Ca2+ is also an important factor in the metabolism of lipids, the primary energy source used during insect starvation and diapause. Ca2+ signaling proteins bind to Ca2+ and maintain intracellular Ca2+ levels. However, knowledge about Ca2+ signaling proteins is mostly restricted to the model Drosophila melanogaster and the response of Ca2+ signaling genes to starvation or diapause is not known. In this study, we identified three Ca2+ signaling proteins; the primary Ca2+ binding protein Calmodulin (LdCaM), phosphatase Calcineurin B (LdCaNB), and the senescence marker protein Regucalcin (LdRgN), from the fat body of the Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). This insect is a major pest of potato worldwide and overwinters under hibernation diapause as adults while utilizing lipids as the primary energy source. Putative EF-hand domains involved in Ca2+ binding were present in LdCaM, LdCaNB, but absent in LdRgN. LdCaM and LdCaNB were expressed in multiple tissues, while LdRgN was primarily expressed in the fat body. LdCaM was constitutively-expressed throughout larval development and at the adult stage. LdCaNB was primarily expressed in feeding larvae, and LdRgN in both feeding larvae and adults at comparable levels; however, both genes were down-regulated by molting. A response to starvation was observed only for LdRgN. Transcript abundance analysis in the entire body in relation to diapause revealed differential regulation with a general suppression during diapause, and higher mRNA levels in favor of females at post-diapause for LdCaM, and in favor of males at non-diapause for LdCaNB. Fat body-specific transcript abundance was not different between non-diapause and post-diapause for LdCaNB, but both LdCaM and LdRgN were down-regulated in males and both sexes, respectively by post-diapause. Silencing LdCaNB or LdRgN in larvae led to decreased fat content, indicating their involvement in lipid accumulation, while RNAi of LdCaM led to lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Doğan
- Ankara University, Molecular Entomology Lab., Dept. of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara, Turkey; Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Dept. of Entomology, Jena, Germany; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Dept. of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sabine Hänniger
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Dept. of Entomology, Jena, Germany
| | - David G Heckel
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Dept. of Entomology, Jena, Germany
| | - Cathy Coutu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Dwayne D Hegedus
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Linda Crubaugh
- Dept. of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Russell L Groves
- Dept. of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Zekiye Suludere
- Gazi University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şerife Bayram
- Ankara University, Molecular Entomology Lab., Dept. of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Umut Toprak
- Ankara University, Molecular Entomology Lab., Dept. of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara, Turkey.
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Lu YA, Jiang Y, Yang HW, Hwang J, Jeon YJ, Ryu B. Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol Isolated from Ishige okamurae Exerts Vasodilatory Effects via Calcium Signaling and PI3K/Akt/eNOS Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1610. [PMID: 33562632 PMCID: PMC7914902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is released by endothelial cells in the blood vessel wall to enhance vasodilation. Marine polyphenols are known to have protective effects against vascular dysfunction and hypertension. The present study is the first to investigate how diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC) isolated from Ishige okamurae affects calcium levels, resulting in enhanced vasodilation. We examined calcium modulation with the well-known receptors, acetylcholine receptor (AchR) and vascular endothelial growth factor 2 (VEGFR2), which are related to NO formation, and further confirmed the vasodilatory effect of DPHC. We confirmed that DPHC stimulated NO production by increasing calcium levels and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression. DPHC affected AchR and VEGFR2 expression, thereby influencing transient calcium intake. Specific antagonists, atropine and SU5416, were used to verify our findings. Furthermore, based on the results of in vivo experiments, we treated Tg(flk:EGFP) transgenic zebrafish with DPHC to confirm its vasodilatory effect. In conclusion, the present study showed that DPHC modulated calcium transit through AchR and VEGFR2, increasing endothelial-dependent NO production. Thus, DPHC, a natural marine component, can efficiently ameliorate cardiovascular diseases by improving vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu An Lu
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.A.L.); (Y.J.); (H.-W.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Yunfei Jiang
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.A.L.); (Y.J.); (H.-W.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Hye-Won Yang
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.A.L.); (Y.J.); (H.-W.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Jin Hwang
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.A.L.); (Y.J.); (H.-W.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.A.L.); (Y.J.); (H.-W.Y.); (J.H.)
- Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63333, Korea
| | - Bomi Ryu
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.A.L.); (Y.J.); (H.-W.Y.); (J.H.)
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Toprak U, Hegedus D, Doğan C, Güney G. A journey into the world of insect lipid metabolism. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 104:e21682. [PMID: 32335968 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is fundamental to life. In insects, it is critical, during reproduction, flight, starvation, and diapause. The coordination center for insect lipid metabolism is the fat body, which is analogous to the vertebrate adipose tissue and liver. Fat body contains various different cell types; however, adipocytes and oenocytes are the primary cells related to lipid metabolism. Lipid metabolism starts with the hydrolysis of dietary lipids, absorption of lipid monomers, followed by lipid transport from midgut to the fat body, lipogenesis or lipolysis in the fat body, and lipid transport from fat body to other sites demanding energy. Lipid metabolism is under the control of hormones, transcription factors, secondary messengers and posttranscriptional modifications. Primarily, lipogenesis is under the control of insulin-like peptides that activate lipogenic transcription factors, such as sterol regulatory element-binding proteins, whereas lipolysis is coordinated by the adipokinetic hormone that activates lipolytic transcription factors, such as forkhead box class O and cAMP-response element-binding protein. Calcium is the primary-secondary messenger affecting lipid metabolism and has different outcomes depending on the site of lipogenesis or lipolysis. Phosphorylation is central to lipid metabolism and multiple phosphorylases are involved in lipid accumulation or hydrolysis. Although most of the knowledge of insect lipid metabolism comes from the studies on the model Drosophila; other insects, in particular those with obligatory or facultative diapause, also have great potential to study lipid metabolism. The use of these models would significantly improve our knowledge of insect lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Toprak
- Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dwayne Hegedus
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Cansu Doğan
- Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gözde Güney
- Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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7
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Variation of protein kinase C-α expression in eyestalk removal-activated ovaries in whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 237:110552. [PMID: 31437564 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.110552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of female reproduction in crustaceans is controlled by a variety of hormones. Previous studies of hormone-initiated cellular mechanisms controlling ovarian maturation focused mainly on those initiated by inhibitory hormones. In order to facilitate research on ovarian development, it is necessary to gain a better understanding of factors that promote ovarian growth on the cellular level. Here, we used eyestalk ablation to firstly induce a state of ovarian maturation in Litopenaeus vannamei. Gonadosomatic index, hemolymph vitellogenin (Vg) concentrations, and Vg gene transcript levels in the ovaries were significantly elevated at 1 and 2 weeks after eyestalk ablation (P < 0.05). Correspondingly, immunoblot analysis revealed a remarkable decrease in anti-PKC-α immunoreactivity in both cytosol and membrane fractions of ovarian tissue homogenates: it was strongly apparent in intact animals, but decreased with time after eyestalk ablation, showing a stronger tendency to do so in the membrane fraction than in the cytosol fraction. Considered overall, the data presented strongly suggest that PKC-α isoform plays a role in the regulation of ovarian growth in L. vannamei through a negative-based regulating mechanism.
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Wang W, Wan P, Lai F, Zhu T, Fu Q. Double-stranded RNA targeting calmodulin reveals a potential target for pest management of Nilaparvata lugens. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:1711-1719. [PMID: 29381254 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calmodulin (CaM) is an essential protein in cellular activity and plays important roles in many processes in insect development. RNA interference (RNAi) has been hypothesized to be a promising method for pest control. CaM is a good candidate for RNAi target. However, the sequence and function of CaM in Nilaparvata lugens are unknown. Furthermore, the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) target to CaM gene in pest control is still unavailable. RESULTS In the present study, two alternatively spliced variants of CaM transcripts, designated NlCaM1 and NlCaM2, were cloned from N. lugens. The two cDNA sequences exhibited 100% identity to each other in the open reading frame (ORF), and only differed in the 3' untranslated region (UTR). NlCaM including NlCaM1 and NlCaM2 mRNA was detectable in all developmental stages and tissues of N. lugens, with significantly increased expression in the salivary glands. Knockdown of NlCaM expression by RNAi with different dsRNAs led to an inability to molt properly, increased mortality, which ranged from 49.7 to 92.5%, impacted development of the ovaries and led to female infertility. There were no significant reductions in the transcript levels of vitellogenin and its receptor or in the total vitellogenin protein level relative to the control group. However, a significant reduction in vitellogenin protein was detected in ovaries injected with dsNlCaM. In addition, a specific dsRNA of NlCaM for control of N. lugens was designed and tested. CONCLUSION NlCaM plays important roles mainly in nymph development and uptake of vitellogenin by ovaries in vitellogenesis in N. lugens. dsRNA derived from the less conserved 3'-UTR of NlCaM shows great potential for RNAi-based N. lugens management. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixia Wang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pinjun Wan
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengxiang Lai
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingheng Zhu
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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9
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Gao S, Liu X, Liu J, Xiong W, Song X, Wu W, Wei L, Li B. Identification and evolution of latrophilin
receptor gene involved in Tribolium castaneum
devolopment and female fecundity. Genesis 2017; 55. [DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xing Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Wenfeng Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xiaowen Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Wei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Luting Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Bin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210023 China
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10
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Fruttero LL, Leyria J, Canavoso LE. Lipids in Insect Oocytes: From the Storage Pathways to Their Multiple Functions. Results Probl Cell Differ 2017; 63:403-434. [PMID: 28779328 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-60855-6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In insect physiology, the mechanisms involved in the buildup and regulation of yolk proteins in developing oocytes have been thoroughly researched during the last three decades. Comparatively, the study of lipid metabolism in oocytes had received less attention. The importance of this issue lies in the fact that lipids make up to 40% of the dry weight of an insect egg, being the most important supply of energy for the developing embryo. Since the oocyte has a very limited capacity to synthesize lipids de novo, most of the lipids in the mature eggs arise from the circulation. The main lipid carriers in the insect circulatory system are the lipoproteins lipophorin and vitellogenin. In some species, the endocytosis of lipophorin and vitellogenin may account for about 10% of the lipids present in mature eggs. Thus, most of the lipids are transferred by a lipophorin-mediated pathway, in which the lipoprotein unloads its lipid cargo at the surface of oocytes without internalization. This chapter recapitulates the current status on lipid storage and its utilization in insect oocytes and discusses the participation of key factors including lipoproteins, transfer proteins, lipolytic enzymes, and dynamic organelles such as lipid droplets. The new findings in the field of lipophorin receptors are presented in the context of lipid accumulation during egg maturation, and the roles of lipids beyond energy source are summarized from the perspective of oogenesis and embryogenesis. Finally, prospective and fruitful areas of future research are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo L Fruttero
- Instituto do Cerebro (InsCer). Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jimena Leyria
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, CP 5000, Argentina
| | - Lilián E Canavoso
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, CP 5000, Argentina.
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Abstract
The objective of this study was to elucidate the signalling pathways initiated by cAMP once inside the Xenopus laevis oocyte, where it triggers and maintains vitellogenin endocytic uptake. Our results showed the presence of Xepac transcripts at all stages of oogenesis and we demonstrated that a cAMP analogue that exclusively activates Xepac, 8-CPT, was able to rescue the endocytic activity in oocytes with uncoupled gap junctions. Inhibition experiments for the IP3/Ca2+ signalling pathway showed either a complete inhibition or a significant reduction of the vitellogenic process. These results were confirmed with the rescue capability of the A-23187 ionophore in those oocyte batches in which the IP3/Ca2+ pathway was inhibited. Taking our findings into account, we propose that the cAMP molecule binds Xepac protein enabling it to activate the IP3/Ca2+ pathway, which is necessary to start and maintain X. laevis vitellogenin uptake.
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Brubaker-Purkey BJ, Woodruff RI. Vitellogenesis in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster: antagonists demonstrate that the PLC, IP3/DAG, PK-C pathway is triggered by calmodulin. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2013; 13:68. [PMID: 24228869 PMCID: PMC3835028 DOI: 10.1673/031.013.6801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In Drosophila melanogaster M. (Diptera: Drosophilidae), a phospholipase-C to proteininase-C signal cascade leads to the endocytic uptake of yolk precursor molecules. The data suggest that D. melanogaster has a phospholipase-C/proteinkinase-C signaling pathway similar to that previously shown to be required for vitellogenesis in the milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus Dallas (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae). Calmodulin, derived from epithelial cells and transported to the oocytes via gap junctions, may trigger this pathway. To investigate this, a series of known antagonists to various elements of the pathway were used. W-7 (which prevents calmodulin binding to phospholipase-C), U-73122 (which prevents activation of phospholipase-C), verapamil (which blocks Ca(2+) release by IP3), HAG (which blocks diacylglycerol), and staurosporine (which inactivates proteinkinase-C) were each shown to inhibit endocytosis, thereby blocking formation of nascent yolk spheres.
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