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Ding L, Guo J, Yang Y, Lu Y, Xie X, Lu Z, Wang S, Xu H. Differences in adult nutritional requirements impact the population growth and survival of two related species of rice leaffolders to produce interspecific differentiation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17200. [PMID: 39060323 PMCID: PMC11282227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66512-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is a limiting feature of species evolution. The differences in nutritional requirements are the evolutionary result of differential adaptations to environmental changes, explaining differences in their ecological traits. Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and Cnaphalocrocis exigua, two related species of rice leaffolders, have similar morphology and feeding properties but different migration and overwintering behaviors. However, it is unclear whether they have evolved adult nutritional differentiation traits to coexist. To explore this issue, this study examined the effects of carbohydrates and amino acids on their reproductive and demographic parameters. The findings indicate that carbohydrate intake prolonged the longevity and population growth of two rice leaffolders, but amino acid intake promoted egg hatching only. However, nutrient deficiency made it impossible for C. medinalis to reproduce successfully and survive, but it did not affect C. exigua. The population expansion and survival of migratory C. medinalis relied on adult nutritional intake. Conversely, the nutrients necessary for C. exigua overwintering activity mostly came from the storage of larvae. The difference in nutritional requirements for population growth and survival between the two rice leaffolders partially explained their differences in migration and overwintering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingwen Ding
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Jiawen Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Yanhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Qianwei, Sichuan Province, Leshan, 614400, China
| | - Zhongxian Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Shuping Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Technical Centre for Animal, Plant, and Food Inspection and Quarantine, Shanghai Customs, Shanghai, 200335, China.
| | - Hongxing Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
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Chattopadhyay D, Philip SM, Prabhakar G, Machamada Bheemaiah M. Influence of α-lipoic acid on longevity and stress resistance in Drosophila melanogaster fed with a high-fat diet. Biogerontology 2024:10.1007/s10522-024-10124-8. [PMID: 39046586 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-024-10124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Consumption of a high-fat diet is accompanied by the risks of obesity and early onset of age-associated complications for which dietary interventions are imperative to combat. α-lipoic acid has been shown to hinder diet-induced obesity and induce lifespan-extending efficacy in model organisms. In this study, α-lipoic acid was investigated for its efficacy in improving lifespan and stress resistance in the Canton-S strain of Drosophila melanogaster fed with a high-fat diet. Furthermore, as mating status significantly impacts survival in fruit flies, flies were reared in two experimental groups-group one, in which males and females were bred together, and group two, in which males and females were bred separately. In group one, α-lipoic acid improved the mean lifespan, reduced the fecundity of females, and reduced the mean body weight of flies at a dose range of 2-2.5 mM, respectively. In group two, α-lipoic acid improved the mean lifespan, reduced the fecundity of females, and reduced the mean body weight of flies at a dose range of 1-2.5 mM, respectively. Improved climbing efficiency was observed with α-lipoic acid at the dose range of 1.5-2.5 mM in flies of group one and 1-2.5 mM in flies of group two, respectively. Administration of α-lipoic acid improved resistance to oxidative stress in only female flies of group one at 2.5 mM, whereas in group two, both male and female flies exhibited enhanced resistance to oxidative stress with α-lipoic acid at a dose range of 2-2.5 mM, respectively. Male and female flies of only group one showed improved resistance to heat shock stress with α-lipoic acid at a dose range of 2-2.5 mM. Only female flies of group two exhibited a slight improvement in recovery time following cold shock with α-lipoic acid only at 2.5 mM. No significant change in resistance to starvation stress was observed with any dose of α-lipoic acid in either group of flies. To summarize, data from this study suggested a probable dose and gender-dependent efficacy of α-lipoic acid in flies fed with a high-fat diet, which was significantly influenced by the mating status of flies due to varied rearing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarati Chattopadhyay
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, St Joseph's University, 36 Lalbagh Road, Shantinagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560027, India.
| | - Susan Mary Philip
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, St Joseph's University, 36 Lalbagh Road, Shantinagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560027, India
| | - Grace Prabhakar
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, St Joseph's University, 36 Lalbagh Road, Shantinagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560027, India
| | - Madappa Machamada Bheemaiah
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, St Joseph's University, 36 Lalbagh Road, Shantinagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560027, India
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Jiang C, Wang YR, Jiao X, Liu JX, Chen Z. Offspring nursing extends mother's longevity in a long-term maternal cared spider. iScience 2024; 27:110098. [PMID: 38947527 PMCID: PMC11214317 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Females typically outlive males in animals, especially in species that provide long-term maternal care. However, life history theory predicts that investments in reproduction, such as lactation and offspring nursing, often shorten caretakers' longevity. Aiming to interpret this paradox, we selected the lactating jumping spider Toxeus magnus to investigate the effects of reproductive activities on longevity for two sexes. We found that: (1) although "milk" provisioning reduces female's longevity, mothers who cared for offspring (provisioned "milk" and nursing) lived the longest compared to virgins and those did not provide care; (2) copulation increased female's longevity but had no effects on males; and (3) the two sexes have comparable developmental duration, but the female adult's longevity was 2.1 times that of male's. This study suggests that the time requirement for offspring dispersal might act as a key selective force favoring females' adulthood extension, which ultimately generates the longer-lived females in maternal cared species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi-Rong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan 666303, China
- Center for Behavioral Ecology and Evolution, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xiaoguo Jiao
- Center for Behavioral Ecology and Evolution, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jing-Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Zhanqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan 666303, China
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Vontzou N, Pei Y, Mueller JC, Reifová R, Ruiz-Ruano FJ, Schlebusch SA, Suh A. Songbird germline-restricted chromosome as a potential arena of genetic conflicts. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2023; 83:102113. [PMID: 37734346 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Genetic conflicts can arise between components of the genome with different inheritance strategies. The germline-restricted chromosome (GRC) of songbirds shows unusual mitotic and meiotic transmission compared with the rest of the genome. It is excluded from somatic cells and maintained only in the germline. It is usually present in one copy in the male germline and eliminated during spermatogenesis, while in the female germline, it usually occurs in two copies and behaves as a regular chromosome. Here, we review what is known about the GRC's evolutionary history, genetic content, and expression and discuss how it may be involved in different types of genetic conflicts. Finally, we interrogate the potential role of the GRC in songbird germline development, highlighting several unsolved mysteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Vontzou
- Centre for Molecular Biodiversity Research, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Adenauerallee 127, 53113 Bonn, Germany; School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
| | - Yifan Pei
- Centre for Molecular Biodiversity Research, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Adenauerallee 127, 53113 Bonn, Germany; Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany; Department of Organismal Biology - Systematic Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jakob C Mueller
- Department of Ornithology, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, 82319 Seewiesen, Germany
| | - Radka Reifová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Francisco J Ruiz-Ruano
- Centre for Molecular Biodiversity Research, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Adenauerallee 127, 53113 Bonn, Germany; Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany. https://twitter.com/@fjruizruano
| | - Stephen A Schlebusch
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander Suh
- Centre for Molecular Biodiversity Research, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Adenauerallee 127, 53113 Bonn, Germany; Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany; Department of Organismal Biology - Systematic Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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5
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Badger JJ, Bowen WD, den Heyer CE, Breed GA. Individual Quality Drives Life History Variation in a Long-Lived Marine Predator. Am Nat 2023; 202:351-367. [PMID: 37606942 DOI: 10.1086/725451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
AbstractIndividual quality and environmental conditions may mask or interact with energetic trade-offs in life history evolution. Deconstructing these sources of variation is especially difficult in long-lived species that are rarely observed on timescales long enough to disentangle these effects. Here, we investigated relative support for variation in female quality and costs of reproduction as factors shaping differences in life history trajectories using a 32-year dataset of repeated reproductive measurements from 273 marked, known-age female gray seals (Halichoerus grypus). We defined individual reproductive investment using two traits, reproductive frequency (a female's probability of breeding) and provisioning performance (offspring weaning mass). Fitted hierarchical Bayesian models identified individual investment relative to conspecifics (over a female's entire life and in three age classes) and subsequently estimated how these investment metrics and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation are associated with longevity. Individual differences (i.e., quality) contributed a large portion of the variance in reproductive traits. Females that consistently invest well in their offspring relative to other females survive longer. The best-supported model estimated survival as a function of age class-specific provisioning performance, where late-life performance was particularly variable and had the greatest impact on survival, possibly indicating individual variation in senescence. There was no evidence to support a trade-off in reproductive performance and survival at the individual level. Overall, these results suggest that in gray seals, individual quality is a stronger driver in life history variation than individual strategies resulting from energetic trade-offs.
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Leyria J, Guarneri AA, Lorenzo MG, Nouzova M, Noriega FG, Benrabaa SAM, Fernandez-Lima F, Valadares Tose L, Orchard I, Lange AB. Effects of mating on female reproductive physiology in the insect model, Rhodnius prolixus, a vector of the causative parasite of Chagas disease. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011640. [PMID: 37729234 PMCID: PMC10545099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-sucking hemipteran Rhodnius prolixus is one of the main vectors of Chagas disease, a neglected tropical disease that affects several million people worldwide. Consuming a blood meal and mating are events with a high epidemiological impact since after each meal, mated females can lay fertile eggs that result in hundreds of offspring. Thus, a better knowledge of the control of R. prolixus reproductive capacity may provide targets for developing novel strategies to control vector populations, thereby reducing vector-host contacts and disease transmission. Here, we have used a combination of gene transcript expression analysis, biochemical assays, hormone measurements and studies of locomotory activity to investigate how mating influences egg development and egg laying rates in R. prolixus females. The results demonstrate that a blood meal increases egg production capacity and leads to earlier egg laying in mated females compared to virgins. Virgin females, however, have increased survival rate over mated females. Circulating juvenile hormone (JH) and ecdysteroid titers are increased in mated females, a process mainly driven through an upregulation of the transcripts for their biosynthetic enzymes in the corpus allatum and ovaries, respectively. Mated females display weaker locomotory activity compared to virgin females, mainly during the photophase. In essence, this study shows how reproductive output and behaviour are profoundly influenced by mating, highlighting molecular, biochemical, endocrine and behavioral features differentially expressed in mated and virgin R. prolixus females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Leyria
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada
| | | | - Marcelo G. Lorenzo
- Instituto René Rachou, Avenida Augusto de Lima, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología (INBIOTEC-CONICET), Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela Nouzova
- Biology Center of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Parasitology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Fernando G. Noriega
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Parasitology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | | | - Francisco Fernandez-Lima
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Lilian Valadares Tose
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ian Orchard
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada
| | - Angela B. Lange
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada
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Maharjan R, Hong S, Ahn J, Yoon Y, Jang Y, Kim J, Lee M, Park K, Yi H. Temperature and Host Plant Impacts on the Development of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Linear and Nonlinear Modeling. INSECTS 2023; 14:insects14050412. [PMID: 37233040 DOI: 10.3390/insects14050412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is one of the most serious pests in field crops, vegetables, and ornamentals. Temperatures (15, 20, 25, 27, 30, 35, and 40 °C), host plants (soybean (Glycine max (L.)), maize (Zea mays L.), groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and azuki bean (Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi,), and the artificial diet-dependent developmental parameters and survival of S. litura were examined in this study. Stage-specific parameters such as threshold development temperature (LDT) and thermal constant (K) (Degree day (DD)) were determined by linear and nonlinear models (Sharpe-Schoolfield-Ikemoto), respectively. The total developmental time (egg-adult) decreased with increasing temperature on host plants and with an artificial diet. The total immature developmental time varied from 106.29, 107.57, 130.40, 111.82, and 103.66 days at 15 °C to 22.47, 21.25, 25.31, 18.30, and 22.50 days at 35 °C on soybean, maize, groundnut, azuki bean, and artificial diet, respectively. The LDT for the total immature completion was 7.50, 9.48, 11.44, 12.32, and 7.95 °C on soybean, maize, groundnut, azuki bean, and artificial diet, respectively. The K for the total immature completion was 587.88, 536.84, 517.45, 419.44, and 586.95 DD on soybean, maize, groundnut, azuki bean, and artificial diet, respectively. Temperature and host plant interaction also influenced the longevity and survival of adults. The findings of this study can be used to predict the number of generations, spring emergence, and population dynamics of S. litura. The nutrient content analysis of the host plants is discussed in terms of the developmental patterns of S. litura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rameswor Maharjan
- Crop Production Technology Research Division, Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyeon Hong
- Crop Production Technology Research Division, Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongjoon Ahn
- Research Institute of Climate Change and Agriculture, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeju 63240, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngnam Yoon
- Crop Production Technology Research Division, Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunwoo Jang
- Crop Production Technology Research Division, Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungin Kim
- Upland Crop Breeding Research Division, Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Myounghee Lee
- Upland Crop Breeding Research Division, Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Kido Park
- Crop Production Technology Research Division, Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwijong Yi
- Crop Production Technology Research Division, Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 50424, Republic of Korea
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Gu SH, Chang CH, Lin PL. Bombyxin-stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis in relation to sugar transporter/trehalase expressions in Bombyx prothoracic glands. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 151:103864. [PMID: 36336193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that bombyxin stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis in Bombyx mori prothoracic glands (PGs) during a long-term incubation period in a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt-dependent manner. In the present study, we further investigated the downstream signaling cascade in bombyxin-stimulated PGs. Our results showed that upon treatment with bombyxin, expression levels of the sugar transport 1 (St1) and St4 genes and trehalase 1 (Treh1) gene, but not ecdysteroid biosynthesis genes were greatly enhanced compared to the controls. Treatment with LY294002 (an inhibitor of PI3K) reduced the enhanced St1 and Treh1 expression levels, clearly indicating the involvement of PI3K. Treatment with 1 mM of mpV(pic) (a potent inhibitor of protein phosphotyrosine phosphatase and activator of insulin receptor (InR) kinase) also stimulated expression levels of the St1 and Treh1 genes, thus further confirming the involvement of the InR. Determining Treh enzyme activity showed that bombyxin treatment stimulated Treh enzyme activity in time- and PI3K-dependent manners. Validamycin A (a Treh inhibitor) blocked bombyxin-stimulated Treh enzyme activity and partly decreased bombyxin-stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis. A specific sugar transport inhibitor (cytochalasin B) and a glycolysis inhibitor (2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG)) also reduced bombyxin-stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis. Taken together, these results indicated that increased expressions of Sts and Treh1 and enhanced Treh enzyme activity downstream of InR/PI3K are involved in bombyxin-stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis in B. mori PGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hong Gu
- Department of Biology, National Museum of Natural Science, 1 Kuan-Chien Road, Taichung, 404, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chia-Hao Chang
- Department of Biology, National Museum of Natural Science, 1 Kuan-Chien Road, Taichung, 404, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Ling Lin
- Department of Biology, National Museum of Natural Science, 1 Kuan-Chien Road, Taichung, 404, Taiwan, ROC
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9
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Leyria J, Philip R, Orchard I, Lange AB. Gonadulin: A newly discovered insulin-like peptide involved in ovulation and oviposition in Rhodnius prolixus, a vector of Chagas disease. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 150:103848. [PMID: 36191853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like peptides (ILPs) are vital hormones involved in a wide range of physiological processes in all organisms. In insects, insulin signaling has a key role in detecting and interpreting nutrient levels for egg production. Based on publicly available transcriptomes, a new ILP named gonadulin has been reported and suggested to be expressed by the gonads (hence its name). Although the identification of gonadulin establishes its existence, its physiological relevance remains poorly understood. Rhodnius prolixus is an obligate hematophagous insect and a primary vector of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. In this study, we report for the first time the participation of gonadulin in reproductive performance of an hemipteran. By quantitative PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), we find that the R. prolixus gonadulin transcript is highly expressed in the reproductive system, particularly in the calyx, a structure through which eggs move into the lumen of the lateral oviducts during ovulation. The putative gonadulin receptor, a member of the leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor subfamily (LGR3), is most highly expressed in the central nervous system with lower levels in the reproductive tissue and other tissues. Interestingly, when the gonadulin signaling cascade is impaired using RNA interference (RNAi), eggs are retained primarily in the ovarioles and calyx, indicating that ovulation and oviposition are inhibited. Understanding the physiological processes involved in reproduction in R. prolixus will shed light on potential targets for effective production of biopesticides by translational research, thereby controlling insect populations and transmission of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Leyria
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada.
| | - Riya Philip
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada.
| | - Ian Orchard
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada.
| | - Angela B Lange
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada.
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10
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Maharjan R, Ahn J, Yi H. Interactive Effects of Temperature and Plant Host on the Development Parameters of Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13080747. [PMID: 36005372 PMCID: PMC9409416 DOI: 10.3390/insects13080747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of different temperatures (15, 20, 25, 27, 30, 35, and 40 °C) on the development rate of Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) eggs, larvae, pupae, and total immatures on plant hosts (soybean, maize, potato, and green pea). The eggs of S. exigua developed successfully at all the tested temperatures, except at 40 °C. The total developmental time (egg-adult) decreased with an increasing temperature from 15 to 35 °C on plant hosts. Stage-specific parameters such as the lower threshold temperature (TH) were determined using linear and nonlinear models (Sharpe-Schoolfield-Ikemoto [SSI]). The lower developmental threshold (LDT) and thermal constant (K) were determined using a linear model. The LDT and K for the total immature stage had respective values of 11.9 °C and 397.27° -day (DD) on soybean, 11.6 °C and 458.34° -day (DD) on maize, 11.2 °C and 446.23° -day (DD) on potato, 10.7 °C and 439.75° -day (DD) on green pea, and 12.2 °C and 355.82° -day (DD) on the artificial diet. The emergence frequency of adult S. exigua over the full range of constant temperatures was simulated using nonlinear developmental rate functions and the Weibull function. This study predicted the spring emergence date in the first to second weeks of June, with approximately five generations for plant hosts. The interaction of temperature and plant host also influenced the development and longevity of the adults. Overall, the findings of this study may be useful for predicting the number of generations, occurrence, population dynamics in crop fields, and management of S. exigua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rameswor Maharjan
- Crop Production Technology Research Division, Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 50424, Korea
| | - Jeongjoon Ahn
- Research Institute of Climate Change and Agriculture, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Ayeonno 1285, Jeju 63240, Korea
| | - Hwijong Yi
- Crop Production Technology Research Division, Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 50424, Korea
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Giacomini JJ, Moore N, Adler LS, Irwin RE. Sunflower pollen induces rapid excretion in bumble bees: Implications for host-pathogen interactions. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 137:104356. [PMID: 35016876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2022.104356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Host diet can have a profound effect on host-pathogen interactions, including indirect effects on pathogens mediated through host physiology. In bumble bees (Bombus impatiens), the consumption of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) pollen dramatically reduces infection by the gut protozoan pathogen Crithidia bombi. One hypothesis for the medicinal effect of sunflower pollen is that consumption changes host gut physiological function, causing rapid excretion that flushes C. bombi from the system. We tested the effect of pollen diet and C. bombi infection on gut transit properties using a 2x2 factorial experiment in which bees were infected with C. bombi or not and fed sunflower or wildflower pollen diet. We measured several non-mutually exclusive physiological processes that underlie the insect excretory system, including gut transit time, bi-hourly excretion rate, the total number of excretion events and the total volume of excrement. Sunflower pollen significantly reduced gut transit time in uninfected bees, and increased the total number of excretion events and volume of excrement by 66 % and 68 %, respectively, in both infected and uninfected bees. Here we show that a sunflower pollen diet can affect host physiology gut function, causing more rapid and greater excretion. These results provide important insight into a mechanism that could underlie the medicinal effect of sunflower pollen for bumble bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Giacomini
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
| | - Nicholas Moore
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Lynn S Adler
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - Rebecca E Irwin
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
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12
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Cardoso-Júnior CAM, Oldroyd BP, Ronai I. Vitellogenin expression in the ovaries of adult honeybee workers provides insights into the evolution of reproductive and social traits. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 30:277-286. [PMID: 33427366 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Social insects are notable for having two female castes that exhibit extreme differences in their reproductive capacity. The molecular basis of these differences is largely unknown. Vitellogenin (Vg) is a powerful antioxidant and insulin-signalling regulator used in oocyte development. Here we investigate how Royal Jelly (the major food of honeybee queens) and queen mandibular pheromone (a major regulator of worker fertility), affect the longevity and reproductive status of honey bee workers, the expression of Vg, its receptor VgR and associated regulatory proteins. We find that Vg is expressed in the ovaries of workers and that workers fed a queen diet of Royal Jelly have increased Vg expression in the ovaries. Surprisingly, we find that expression of Vg is not associated with ovary activation in workers, suggesting that this gene has potentially acquired non-reproductive functions. Therefore, Vg expression in the ovaries of honeybee workers provides further support for the Ovarian Ground Plan Hypothesis, which argues that genes implicated in the regulation of reproduction have been co-opted to regulate behavioural differences between queens and workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A M Cardoso-Júnior
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Behaviour and Genetics of Social Insects Laboratory, Ecology and Evolution, School of Life and Environmental Sciences A12, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - B P Oldroyd
- Behaviour and Genetics of Social Insects Laboratory, Ecology and Evolution, School of Life and Environmental Sciences A12, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - I Ronai
- Behaviour and Genetics of Social Insects Laboratory, Ecology and Evolution, School of Life and Environmental Sciences A12, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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13
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Limberger GM, Nery LEM, Fonseca DBD. Reproductive Status Modulates Mortality Rate, Lifespan and Egg Production, but Do Not the Physiological Aging in the Field Cricket Gryllus assimilis (Fabricius, 1775) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:237-246. [PMID: 33594663 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-020-00839-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effects of reproduction are variable among insects, as well as the time of mate. In animals, a trade-off is usually observed between reproduction and self-maintenance, mostly in females because of egg producing costs. In the present investigation, manifestations of aging and senescence at population and cellular levels were studied associated with the mating opportunities. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of mating on lifespan and also on the physiological aging in adult Jamaican field cricket females, Gryllus assimilis (Fabricius, 1775). Three experimental groups were set: virgin, normal-mated (14 days old), and late-mated (30 days old) insects. Lifespan, age-specific mortality rate, number of eggs laid, and in situ amount of the age-pigment neurolipofuscin were quantified. Results showed a trade-off between reproductive females and lifespan, with the strongest effects found in late-mated. Age-specific mortality showed a faster increase for late-mated females from 35 to 50 days old, followed by normal-mated females (35 to 60 days old). Virgins had the lowest age-specific mortality of all, increasing just from 65 to 73 days old. Normal-mated had the highest number of eggs laid, followed by late-mated and virgins, respectively. Neurolipofuscin accumulation rate was similar among groups, which was reflected in similar physiological rate of aging. Results indicate that reproductive status did affect the life-history of these field cricket females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Martins Limberger
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Univ Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Eduardo Maia Nery
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Univ Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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14
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Aceves-Aparicio E, Pérez-Staples D, Arredondo J, Corona-Morales A, Morales-Mávil J, Díaz-Fleischer F. Combined Effects of Methoprene and Metformin on Reproduction, Longevity, and Stress Resistance in Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae): Implications for the Sterile Insect Technique. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:142-151. [PMID: 33558906 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Survival and mating success are traits of quality in mass-reared sterile males. Thus, studying the trade-offs between these traits may help to improve process in the sterile insect technique (SIT). Here, we tested the hypothesis that modifying individual metabolism, especially of energetic reserves, may reduce the negative impact of an early reproduction on the survival of Anastrepha ludens flies. Appling metformin (a drug used to treat type II diabetes) that improves insects' survival, through dietary restriction mimicry, and methoprene (a juvenile hormone analogue) that accelerates the age to reproduction in insects, we explore the dynamic of this trade-off. We fed A. ludens flies with metformin, methoprene, or a mixture of metformin-methoprene for five consecutive days. We determined the effect of these treatments on the fecundity and fertility (number of eggs and percentage of hatching) of females, on sexual maturation and mating success of males, and on the survival of both sexes. The results showed that the acceleration in sexual maturation by the action of methoprene significantly reduced survival in both sexes of two different fly strains. However, adding metformin to the diet buffered this negative effect, without reducing the mating propensity compared with the males treated only with methoprene. The response to metformin was sex-specific since females responded to high doses of the substance, whereas males responded better to low doses. These results suggest that trade-offs between survival and reproduction do not necessarily depend on energy reserves but they are intrinsically related to metabolic regulation and hormonal control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José Arredondo
- MOSCAFRUT, Subdirección de Desarrollo de Métodos, SADER-IICA, Metapa de Domínguez, Chiapas, México
| | - Aleph Corona-Morales
- Facultad de Nutrición, Universidad Veracruzana, Médicos, U. H del Bosque, CP, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Jorge Morales-Mávil
- Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Dr. Luis Castelazo, Industrial de las ánimas, CP, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
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15
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A multi-armed bandit algorithm speeds up the evolution of cooperation. Ecol Modell 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Shandilya A, Singh P, Mishra G, Omkar O. Cost of mating in male
Menochilus sexmaculatus
(Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Ethology 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.13099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva Shandilya
- Ladybird Research Laboratory Department of Zoology University of Lucknow Lucknow India
| | - Priya Singh
- Ladybird Research Laboratory Department of Zoology University of Lucknow Lucknow India
| | - Geetanjali Mishra
- Ladybird Research Laboratory Department of Zoology University of Lucknow Lucknow India
| | - Omkar Omkar
- Ladybird Research Laboratory Department of Zoology University of Lucknow Lucknow India
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17
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Sex and burrowing behavior and their implications with lytic activity in the sand-dwelling spider Allocosa senex. Naturwissenschaften 2020; 107:44. [PMID: 32990796 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-020-01700-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The immune response can be costly. Studies in several arthropod species have indicated a trade-off between immunity and other life-history traits, including reproduction. In sexually dimorphic species in which females and males largely differ in their life history strategies and related energetic demands, we can expect to find sex differences in immune functions. Sex differences in immunity are well documented in vertebrates; however, we largely lack data from invertebrate systems. Lytic activity, the immune system's ability to lysate bacteria and viruses, has been widely used as a proxy for the strength of the immune response in several invertebrates. With this in mind, we used the burrowing wolf spider Allocosa senex to test differences in lytic activity between females and males. We also studied whether digging behavior affects the immune responses in this species. While females of A. senex construct simple refuges where they stay during the day, males construct deep burrows, which they donate to females after copulation. In accordance with our hypothesis, females showed higher lytic activity compared with males, and those males who dug showed higher levels of lytic activity than those that did not dig. Furthermore, male body condition and lytic activity did not correlate with burrow length, a trait under female choice in this species. Our results show sexual dimorphism in lytic activity responses, which are likely related to differences in life-history strategies and energetic requirements of each sex in A. senex spiders.
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18
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Lethal and sub-lethal effects of low-temperature exposures on Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) adults before and after overwintering. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15231. [PMID: 32943688 PMCID: PMC7498604 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72120-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold winter temperatures can influence insects’ survival in temperate zones. Brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) overwinters as adults in natural and human-made structures. In this study, we characterized low temperature mortality rates of H. halys adults that were either entering (ENA) or exiting (EXA) overwintering microhabitats. We considered the effect of different duration of cold exposure on mortality. We determined the impact of insect nutritional status and weight on cold tolerance. We additionally evaluated the effects of cold exposure on H. halys adult longevity and fecundity. Mortality of ENA and EXA adults was determined for 6 h and 2 h periods at − 2.5 °C and 2.5 °C respectively. EXA adults displayed higher mortality rates compared to ENA individuals at the low-temperature regimes. Halyomorpha halys adult survival rate was higher when their nutrient index (EXA individuals only) and weight were high. Low-temperature exposure increased longevity, but reduced fecundity of ENA females. The data further highlight how extreme spring frost events can result in significantly increased mortality levels of H. halys adults.
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19
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Zheng XL, Liu J, Lu W, He XZ, Wang Q. Mating Delay Reduces Reproductive Performance but not Longevity in a Monandrous Moth. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2020; 20:5771297. [PMID: 32118258 PMCID: PMC7050306 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Age at mating is one of the most important factors that affect mating success and reproductive fitness in insects. The present study investigated how the age of the two sexes at mating determined mating success, reproductive fitness and longevity in Phauda flammans (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Phaudidae), a serious pest of Ficus spp. trees in South and Southeast Asia. The study may provide basic knowledge for the development of mating disruption programs using sex pheromones to control this pest. The species is monandrous and its adults live for only 4-5 d. We show that delayed mating significantly lowered mating success in both sexes, with males being more severely affected than females. Mating delay also reduced reproductive outputs of both sexes but females were more negatively affected than males. We did not find any effect of delayed mating on longevity of either sex. Our findings suggest that mating disruption with sex pheromones can be an effective method to delay mating in P. flammans, reducing reproductive success and thus limit population growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Lin Zheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Junyan Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Wen Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
| | - Xiong Zhao He
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Qiao Wang
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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20
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Cingolani MF, Roggiero MF, Barakat MC, Liljesthröm GG. Polyandry and trade-off between fecundity and longevity in female Dichelops furcatus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2020; 110:155-160. [PMID: 31244455 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485319000427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A trade-off is a relationship between two life history characteristics principally reproduction and adult longevity that are fundamental in predicting the optimal life history in any given environment. Mating is indispensable for sexual reproduction, but also can impose risks to females. Nevertheless, in the majority of insects, females allow multiple mating. Dichelops furcatus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a pest of wheat and corn in Argentina and southern Brazil, but little is known about its reproduction (i.e., the characteristics of the process that results in offspring). We analyzed reproductive attributes of D. furcatus, and the effect of single mating vs. multiple matings, evaluating the trade-off between fecundity and adult female longevity. We found that mating is not required for D. furcatus to oviposit, and multiple copulations were costly in terms of reduced longevity. Although multicopulated females lived a shorter period, only the pre- and post-reproductive periods were shortened. Fecundity was not affected but fertility was incremented in multicopulated females. Females copulated only once oviposited most of the eggs in the first half of the reproductive period, while eggs oviposited in the second half were all inviable (did not hatch). Studying demographic attributes of phytophagous insects provides relevant information to better understand the population dynamics of pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Cingolani
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE) (CONICET - UNLP. Centro Asociado CIC), Boulevard 120s/n entre 60 y 64 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - M F Roggiero
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE) (CONICET - UNLP. Centro Asociado CIC), Boulevard 120s/n entre 60 y 64 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - M C Barakat
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE) (CONICET - UNLP. Centro Asociado CIC), Boulevard 120s/n entre 60 y 64 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - G G Liljesthröm
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE) (CONICET - UNLP. Centro Asociado CIC), Boulevard 120s/n entre 60 y 64 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
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21
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Abstract
AbstractDiapause in seasonal environments allows insects to survive adverse seasons. However, individuals can sometimes enter a prolonged diapause for more than a year, and also skip favourable seasons, which can bring additional costs through e.g. loss of metabolic resources. At the same time, prolonged diapause can be beneficial if it allows individuals to have a risk-spreading strategy to skip potentially suboptimal breeding seasons. We studied if prolonged diapause (2-year diapause) negatively affects the fertility and fitness of female and male Colorado potato beetles (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) compared to control (1-year diapause) beetles. We also tested the parental effects on the subsequent chemical stress tolerance of their offspring. We found that prolonged diapause carried fertility costs only for females who were less fertile than the control females. However, no differences in fertility were observed in males. Furthermore, prolonged diapause in females resulted in offspring with lower larvae-to-adult survival even though these offspring had accelerated development times. In contrast, paternal diapause duration had no effects on their offspring larvae-to adult survival, but prolonged diapause males sired offspring with slower development times than control males. Perhaps to compensate the costs related to prolonged diapause both older parents produced or sired offspring with higher body mass than control parents. Despite the differences in emergence mass, parental diapause duration did not affect offspring insecticide stress tolerance. The difference between females and males most likely results from the observed differences in prolonged diapause females’ capacity to fight against cellular oxidative damage which was poorer compared to the control females. Even though prolonged diapause allows individuals to have a risk-spreading strategy it carries sex-specific fertility and fitness costs indicating that selection could favour this in males but not in females.
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22
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Castellanos NL, Bueno AF, Haddi K, Silveira EC, Rodrigues HS, Hirose E, Smagghe G, Oliveira EE. The Fitness and Economic Benefits of Rearing the Parasitoid Telenomus podisi Under Fluctuating Temperature Regime. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 48:934-948. [PMID: 31728908 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-019-00717-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Successful biological control requires detailed knowledge about the mass rearing conditions of the control agents in order to ensure higher quality of field-released insects. Thus, we investigated whether rearing fluctuating thermal condition would affect the fitness and costs of the parasitoid wasp Telenomus podisi Ashmead (a biocontrol agent used for controlling the Neotropical brown stink bug Euschistus heros (Fabricius)) when compared with parasitoid reared at constant temperature condition, which is commonly used in insect facilities. Parasitoids were reared under either constant (continuous exposure at 25 ± 2°C) or fluctuating temperature conditions (i.e., 30 ± 2°C during day and 20 ± 2°C at night) during four consecutive generations. Our results indicated that tested fluctuating temperature is more suitable for rearing of T. podisi as such temperature condition not only resulted in fitness benefits (e.g., shorter developmental time, longer female longevity, higher fecundity/fertility) but also reduced (approximately 23.5%) the estimated costs for producing the parasitoids. Furthermore, rearing T. podisi under fluctuating temperatures improved tolerance to low constant temperatures (i.e., 20°C) without changing the tolerance to constant high temperatures (30°C) in the fourth generation. Surprisingly, even parasitoids that developed under fluctuating thermal conditions performed better than those reared at constant temperature of 25°C. Collectively, our findings suggest that T. podisi reared under fluctuating thermal condition can tolerate better fluctuating temperatures that normally occur both during long periods of transport and in agricultural ecosystems, which will increase the quality and productivity of mass-reared T. podisi for inundative releases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Castellanos
- Depto de Entomologia, Univ Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
- Dept of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent Univ, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - K Haddi
- Depto de Entomologia, Univ Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
- Depto de Entomologia, Univ Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - E C Silveira
- Depto de Entomologia, Univ Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - H S Rodrigues
- Depto de Entomologia, Univ Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - E Hirose
- EMBRAPA Soja, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | - G Smagghe
- Dept of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent Univ, Ghent, Belgium
| | - E E Oliveira
- Depto de Entomologia, Univ Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil.
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23
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Hidalgo K, Beaugeard E, Renault D, Dedeine F, Lécureuil C. Physiological and biochemical responses to thermal stress vary among genotypes in the parasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 117:103909. [PMID: 31295454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.103909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In ectotherm species such as insects, thermal fluctuations represent a major environmental factor driving development, survival and reproduction of individuals. Reproductive traits are particularly sensitive to heat stress that can induce a permanent sterility, or at least hypofertility, of adult males. This study aims to compare physiological and biochemical responses associated to male performances to an exposure of 24 h to moderately high temperature (36 °C) among three inbred lines of N. vitripennis (AsymC, Cor, Oul). Cor males showed very specific metabolic adjustments compared to the two other lines. By contrast, Oul males showed stronger phenotypic adjustment of its life cycle, and produced metabolic water to compensate water loss by heat stress. Finally, AsymC males had probably more difficulties to acclimate at 36 °C, even for a short period, as their adult longevity was significantly reduced. Thus, the ability of developmental plasticity in N. vitripennis males exposed to heat stress appears to be dependent of their genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Hidalgo
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte UMR 7261 CNRS Université de Tours, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Parc Grandmont, Tours, France
| | - Erika Beaugeard
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte UMR 7261 CNRS Université de Tours, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Parc Grandmont, Tours, France
| | - David Renault
- Université de Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du Gal Leclerc, CS 74205 35042 Rennes Cedex, France; Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Franck Dedeine
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte UMR 7261 CNRS Université de Tours, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Parc Grandmont, Tours, France
| | - Charlotte Lécureuil
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte UMR 7261 CNRS Université de Tours, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Parc Grandmont, Tours, France.
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24
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Brenman-Suttner DB, Yost RT, Frame AK, Robinson JW, Moehring AJ, Simon AF. Social behavior and aging: A fly model. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2019; 19:e12598. [PMID: 31286644 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The field of behavioral genetics has recently begun to explore the effect of age on social behaviors. Such studies are particularly important, as certain neuropsychiatric disorders with abnormal social interactions, like autism and schizophrenia, have been linked to older parents. Appropriate social interaction can also have a positive impact on longevity, and is associated with successful aging in humans. Currently, there are few genetic models for understanding the effect of aging on social behavior and its potential transgenerational inheritance. The fly is emerging as a powerful model for identifying the basic molecular mechanisms underlying neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. In this review, we discuss these recent advancements, with a focus on how studies in Drosophila melanogaster have provided insight into the effect of aging on aspects of social behavior, including across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dova B Brenman-Suttner
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryley T Yost
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ariel K Frame
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Wesley Robinson
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda J Moehring
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne F Simon
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Shilovsky GA, Putyatina TS, Ashapkin VV, Rozina AA, Lyubetsky VA, Minina EP, Bychkovskaia IB, Markov AV, Skulachev VP. Ants as Object of Gerontological Research. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 83:1489-1503. [PMID: 30878024 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918120076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Social insects with identical genotype that form castes with radically different lifespans are a promising model system for studying the mechanisms underlying longevity. The main direction of progressive evolution of social insects, in particular, ants, is the development of the social way of life inextricably linked with the increase in the colony size. Only in a large colony, it is possible to have a developed polyethism, create large food reserves, and actively regulate the nest microclimate. The lifespan of ants hugely varies among genetically similar queens, workers (unproductive females), and males. The main advantage of studies on insects is the determinism of ontogenetic processes, with a single genome leading to completely different lifespans in different castes. This high degree of determinacy is precisely the reason why some researchers (incorrectly) call a colony of ants the "superorganism", emphasizing the fact that during the development, depending on the community needs, ants can switch their ontogenetic programs, which influences their social roles, ability to learn (i.e., the brain [mushroom-like body] plasticity), and, respectively, the spectrum of tasks performed by a given individual. It has been shown that in many types of food behavior, older ants surpass young ones in both performing the tasks and transferring the experience. The balance between the need to reduce the "cost" of non-breeding individuals (short lifespan and small size of workers) and the benefit from experienced long-lived workers possessing useful skills (large size and "non-aging") apparently determines the differences in the lifespan and aging rate of workers in different species of ants. A large spectrum of rigidly determined ontogenetic trajectories in different castes with identical genomes and the possibility of comparison between "evolutionarily advanced" and "primitive" subfamilies (e.g., Formicinae and Ponerinae) make ants an attractive object in the studies of both normal aging and effects of anti-aging drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Shilovsky
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119234, Russia.,Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127051, Russia
| | - T S Putyatina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - V V Ashapkin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - A A Rozina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - V A Lyubetsky
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127051, Russia
| | - E P Minina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - I B Bychkovskaia
- Nikiforov Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine of the Russian Ministry of Emergency Control, St. Petersburg, 194044, Russia
| | - A V Markov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - V P Skulachev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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Hsieh HY, Gu SH. Expression of calcineurin in relation to the embryonic diapause process in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 228:35-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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27
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Polyandrous mating increases offspring production and lifespan in female Drosophila arizonae. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-018-2589-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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de Souza AR, Guimarães Simões T, Rantala MJ, Fernando Santos E, Lino-Netto J, do Nascimento FS. Sexual ornaments reveal the strength of melanization immune response and longevity of male paper wasps. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 109:163-168. [PMID: 29870690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It has been recently suggested that female mate choice, based on sexually selected ornaments, is an important component of social wasps' reproductive biology. The correlates of male ornaments that could be of a female's interest, however, remain to be investigated. Males of the Neotropical paper wasp Polistes simillimus have sexually dimorphic melanin-based black spots on their faces. In this species, male spots work like sexual ornaments, as it has been experimentally demonstrated that females prefer sexual partners with a higher proportion of black pigment on their faces. We have shown that, under laboratory conditions, male sexual ornamentation positively predicts the strength of the melanization immune response and longevity. Therefore, in P. simillimus, melanin-based facial patterns (ornaments) seem to be honest indicators of male quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Rodrigues de Souza
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Markus J Rantala
- Department of Biology and Turku Brain and Mind Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eduardo Fernando Santos
- Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - José Lino-Netto
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fábio Santos do Nascimento
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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29
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Brenman-Suttner DB, Long SQ, Kamesan V, de Belle JN, Yost RT, Kanippayoor RL, Simon AF. Progeny of old parents have increased social space in Drosophila melanogaster. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3673. [PMID: 29487349 PMCID: PMC5829228 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21731-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the effects of aging and parental age in Drosophila melanogaster on two types of responses to social cues: the choice of preferred social spacing in an undisturbed group and the response to the Drosophila stress odorant (dSO) emitted by stressed flies. The patterns of changes during aging were notably different for these two social responses. Flies were initially closer in space and then became further apart. However, the pattern of change in response to dSO followed a more typical decline in performance, similarly to changes in locomotion. Interestingly, the increased social space of old parents, as well as their reduced performance in avoiding dSO, was passed on to their progeny, such that young adults adopted the behavioural characteristic of their old parents. While the response to social cues was inherited, the changes in locomotion were not. We were able to scale the changes in the social space of parents and their progeny by accelerating or decelerating the physiological process of aging by increasing temperatures and exposure to oxidative stress, or via caloric restriction, respectively. Finally, when we aged only one parent, only the male progeny of old fathers and the progeny of very old mothers were more distant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shirley Q Long
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Vashine Kamesan
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jade N de Belle
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ryley T Yost
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Anne F Simon
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
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Gu SH, Li G, Hsieh HY, Lin PL, Li S. Stimulation of JNK Phosphorylation by the PTTH in Prothoracic Glands of the Silkworm, Bombyx mori. Front Physiol 2018; 9:43. [PMID: 29459829 PMCID: PMC5807416 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) by the prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) was investigated in prothoracic glands (PGs) of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Results showed that JNK phosphorylation was stimulated by the PTTH in time- and dose-dependent manners. In vitro activation of JNK phosphorylation in PGs by the PTTH was also confirmed in an in vivo experiment, in which a PTTH injection greatly increased JNK phosphorylation in PGs of day-6 last instar larvae. JNK phosphorylation caused by PTTH stimulation was greatly inhibited by U73122, a potent and specific inhibitor of phospholipase C (PLC) and an increase in JNK phosphorylation was also detected when PGs were treated with agents (either A23187 or thapsigargin) that directly elevated the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, thereby indicating involvement of PLC and Ca2+. Pretreatment with an inhibitor (U0126) of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK) and an inhibitor (LY294002) of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) failed to significantly inhibit PTTH-stimulated JNK phosphorylation, indicating that ERK and PI3K were not related to JNK. We further investigated the effect of modulation of the redox state on JNK phosphorylation. In the presence of either an antioxidant (N-acetylcysteine, NAC) or diphenylene iodonium (DPI), PTTH-stimulated JNK phosphorylation was blocked. The JNK kinase inhibitor, SP600125, markedly inhibited PTTH-stimulated JNK phosphorylation and ecdysteroid synthesis. The kinase assay of JNK in PGs confirmed its stimulation by PTTH and inhibition by SP600125. Moreover, PTTH treatment did not affect JNK or Jun mRNA expressions. Based on these findings, we concluded that PTTH stimulates JNK phosphorylation in Ca2+- and PLC-dependent manners and that the redox-regulated JNK signaling pathway is involved in PTTH-stimulated ecdysteroid synthesis in B. mori PGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hong Gu
- Department of Biology, National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Gen Li
- Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hsiao-Yen Hsieh
- Department of Biology, National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Lin
- Department of Biology, National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Sciences and School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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31
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Mason JS, Wileman T, Chapman T. Lifespan extension without fertility reduction following dietary addition of the autophagy activator Torin1 in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190105. [PMID: 29329306 PMCID: PMC5766080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved mechanism for cellular repair that becomes progressively down-regulated during normal ageing. Hence, manipulations that activate autophagy could increase lifespan. Previous reports show that manipulations to the autophagy pathway can result in longevity extension in yeast, flies, worms and mammals. Under standard nutrition, autophagy is inhibited by the nutrient sensing kinase Target of Rapamycin (TOR). Therefore, manipulations of TOR that increase autophagy may offer a mechanism for extending lifespan. Ideally, such manipulations should be specific and minimise off-target effects, and it is important to discover additional methods for 'clean' lifespan manipulation. Here we report an initial study into the effect of up-regulating autophagy on lifespan and fertility in Drosophila melanogaster by dietary addition of Torin1. Activation of autophagy using this selective TOR inhibitor was associated with significantly increased lifespan in both sexes. Torin1 induced a dose-dependent increase in lifespan in once-mated females. There was no evidence of a trade-off between longevity and fecundity or fertility. Torin1-fed females exhibited significantly elevated fecundity, but also elevated egg infertility, resulting in no net change in overall fertility. This supports the idea that lifespan can be extended without trade-offs in fertility and suggest that Torin1 may be a useful tool with which to pursue anti-ageing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet S. Mason
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Wileman
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Tracey Chapman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
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32
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Ricigliano VA, Fitz W, Copeland DC, Mott BM, Maes P, Floyd AS, Dockstader A, Anderson KE. The impact of pollen consumption on honey bee (Apis mellifera) digestive physiology and carbohydrate metabolism. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 96:1-8. [PMID: 28833462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-active enzymes play an important role in the honey bee (Apis mellifera) due to its dietary specialization on plant-based nutrition. Secretory glycoside hydrolases (GHs) produced in worker head glands aid in the processing of floral nectar into honey and are expressed in accordance with age-based division of labor. Pollen utilization by the honey bee has been investigated in considerable detail, but little is known about the metabolic fate of indigestible carbohydrates and glycosides in pollen biomass. Here, we demonstrate that pollen consumption stimulates the hydrolysis of sugars that are toxic to the bee (xylose, arabinose, mannose). GHs produced in the head accumulate in the midgut and persist in the hindgut that harbors a core microbial community composed of approximately 108 bacterial cells. Pollen consumption significantly impacted total and specific bacterial abundance in the digestive tract. Bacterial isolates representing major fermentative gut phylotypes exhibited primarily membrane-bound GH activities that may function in tandem with soluble host enzymes retained in the hindgut. Additionally, we found that plant-originating β-galactosidase activity in pollen may be sufficient, in some cases, for probable physiological activity in the gut. These findings emphasize the potential relative contributions of host, bacteria, and pollen enzyme activities to carbohydrate breakdown, which may be tied to gut microbiome dynamics and associated host nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William Fitz
- USDA-ARS Carl Hayden Bee Research Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Entomology and Center for Insect Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Brendon M Mott
- USDA-ARS Carl Hayden Bee Research Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Patrick Maes
- USDA-ARS Carl Hayden Bee Research Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Entomology and Center for Insect Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Amy S Floyd
- USDA-ARS Carl Hayden Bee Research Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Kirk E Anderson
- USDA-ARS Carl Hayden Bee Research Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Entomology and Center for Insect Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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33
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Colinet H, Renault D. Similar post-stress metabolic trajectories in young and old flies. Exp Gerontol 2017; 102:43-50. [PMID: 28822810 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Homeostenosis (i.e. decline in stress resistance and resilience with age) is a fundamental notion of the biogerontology and physiology of aging. Stressful situations typically challenge metabolic homeostasis and the capacity to recover from a stress-induced metabolic disorder might be particularly compromised in senescent individuals. In the present work, we report the effects of aging on low temperature stress tolerance and metabolic profiles in Drosophila melanogaster females of different ages. Adult flies aged 4, 16, 30 and 44days were subjected to acute and chronic cold stress, and data confirmed a strong decline in cold tolerance and resilience of old flies compared to young counterparts. Using quantitative target GC-MS analysis, we found distinct metabolic phenotypes between young (4day-old) and old (44day-old) flies, with glycolytic pathways being differentially affected between the two age groups. We also compared the robustness of metabolic homeostasis in young vs. old flies when exposed to cold stress using time-series metabolic analysis. In both age groups, we found evidence of strong alteration of metabolic profiles when flies were exposed to low temperature stress. Interestingly, the temporal metabolic trajectories during the recovery period were similar in young and old flies, despite strong differences in thermotolerance. In conclusion, metabolic signatures markedly changed with age and homeostenosis was observed in the phenotypic response to cold stress. However, these changes did not reflect in different temporal homeostatic response at metabolic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Colinet
- UMR CNRS 6553 EcoBio, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du General Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France.
| | - David Renault
- UMR CNRS 6553 EcoBio, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du General Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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34
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Schrempf A, Giehr J, Röhrl R, Steigleder S, Heinze J. Royal Darwinian Demons: Enforced Changes in Reproductive Efforts Do Not Affect the Life Expectancy of Ant Queens. Am Nat 2017; 189:436-442. [PMID: 28350504 DOI: 10.1086/691000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
One of the central tenets of life-history theory is that organisms cannot simultaneously maximize all fitness components. This results in the fundamental trade-off between reproduction and life span known from numerous animals, including humans. Social insects are a well-known exception to this rule: reproductive queens outlive nonreproductive workers. Here, we take a step forward and show that under identical social and environmental conditions the fecundity-longevity trade-off is absent also within the queen caste. A change in reproduction did not alter life expectancy, and even a strong enforced increase in reproductive efforts did not reduce residual life span. Generally, egg-laying rate and life span were positively correlated. Queens of perennial social insects thus seem to maximize at the same time two fitness parameters that are normally negatively correlated. Even though they are not immortal, they best approach a hypothetical "Darwinian demon" in the animal kingdom.
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35
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Zhang Y, Hood WR. Current versus future reproduction and longevity: a re-evaluation of predictions and mechanisms. J Exp Biol 2016; 219:3177-3189. [PMID: 27802148 PMCID: PMC5091378 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.132183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative damage is predicted to be a mediator of trade-offs between current reproduction and future reproduction or survival, but most studies fail to support such predictions. We suggest that two factors underlie the equivocal nature of these findings: (1) investigators typically assume a negative linear relationship between current reproduction and future reproduction or survival, even though this is not consistently shown by empirical studies; and (2) studies often fail to target mechanisms that could link interactions between sequential life-history events. Here, we review common patterns of reproduction, focusing on the relationships between reproductive performance, survival and parity in females. Observations in a range of species show that performance between sequential reproductive events can decline, remain consistent or increase. We describe likely bioenergetic consequences of reproduction that could underlie these changes in fitness, including mechanisms that could be responsible for negative effects being ephemeral, persistent or delayed. Finally, we make recommendations for designing future studies. We encourage investigators to carefully consider additional or alternative measures of bioenergetic function in studies of life-history trade-offs. Such measures include reactive oxygen species production, oxidative repair, mitochondrial biogenesis, cell proliferation, mitochondrial DNA mutation and replication error and, importantly, a measure of the respiratory function to determine whether measured differences in bioenergetic state are associated with a change in the energetic capacity of tissues that could feasibly affect future reproduction or lifespan. More careful consideration of the life-history context and bioenergetic variables will improve our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the life-history patterns of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Wendy R Hood
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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36
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Toth AL, Sumner S, Jeanne RL. Patterns of longevity across a sociality gradient in vespid wasps. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2016; 16:28-35. [PMID: 27720047 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The reversal of the fecundity/longevity tradeoff in social insects is striking, but we lack understanding of when and how this reversal evolved. Vespid wasps are excellent models for studying social evolution because species show different levels of sociality from solitary to primitively to advanced eusocial. We provide the first synthesis of existing, but scanty, data available on longevity in vespids. We explore whether the fecundity/longevity tradeoff reversal is exaggerated in species with more derived sociality. Although the reversal is evident in primitively social wasps, the available data suggest it may be stronger in large-colonied species, which show a trend toward shorter worker longevity. More data are needed on additional species and underlying mechanisms, but vespids hold promise for understanding the evolution of the fecundity/longevity tradeoff reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Toth
- Departments of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology and Entomology, Iowa State University, USA.
| | - Seirian Sumner
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Robert L Jeanne
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
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Gu SH, Hsieh YC, Lin PL. Stimulation of orphan nuclear receptor HR38 gene expression by PTTH in prothoracic glands of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 90:8-16. [PMID: 27090809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A complex signaling network appears to be involved in prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH)-stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis in insect prothoracic glands (PGs). Less is known about the genomic action of PTTH signaling. In the present study, we investigated the effect of PTTH on the expression of Bombyx mori HR38, an immediate early gene (IEG) identified in insect systems. Our results showed that treatment of B. mori PGs with PTTH in vitro resulted in a rapid increase in HR38 expression. Injection of PTTH into day-5 last instar larvae also greatly increased HR38 expression, verifying the in vitro effect. Cycloheximide did not affect induction of HR38 expression, suggesting that protein synthesis is not required for PTTH's effect. A mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK) inhibitor (U0126), and a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (LY294002), partially inhibited PTTH-stimulated HR38 expression, implying the involvement of both the ERK and PI3K signaling pathways. When PGs were treated with agents that directly elevate the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration (either A23187 or thapsigargin), an increase in HR38 expression was also detected, indicating that Ca(2+) is involved in PTTH-stimulated HR38 gene expression. A Western blot analysis showed that PTTH treatment increased the HR38 protein level, and protein levels showed a dramatic increase during the later stages of the last larval instar. Expression of HR38 transcription in response to PTTH appeared to undergo development-specific changes. Treatment with ecdysone in vitro did not affect HR38 expression. However, 20-hydroxyecdysone treatment decreased HR38 expression. Taken together, these results demonstrate that HR38 is a PTTH-stimulated IEG that is, at least in part, induced through Ca(2+)/ERK and PI3K signaling. The present study proposes a potential cross talk mechanism between PTTH and ecdysone signaling to regulate insect development and lays a foundation for a better understanding of the mechanisms of PTTH's actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hong Gu
- Department of Biology, National Museum of Natural Science, 1 Kuan-Chien Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yun-Chih Hsieh
- Department of Biology, National Museum of Natural Science, 1 Kuan-Chien Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Ling Lin
- Department of Biology, National Museum of Natural Science, 1 Kuan-Chien Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC
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Chen HY, Spagopoulou F, Maklakov AA. Evolution of male age-specific reproduction under differential risks and causes of death: males pay the cost of high female fitness. J Evol Biol 2016; 29:848-56. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H.-y. Chen
- Ageing Research Group; Department of Animal Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Centre; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - F. Spagopoulou
- Ageing Research Group; Department of Animal Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Centre; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - A. A. Maklakov
- Ageing Research Group; Department of Animal Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Centre; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
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Vitellogenin-RNAi and ovariectomy each increase lifespan, increase protein storage, and decrease feeding, but are not additive in grasshoppers. Biogerontology 2015; 16:761-74. [PMID: 26298568 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9599-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Reduced reproduction has been shown to increase lifespan in many animals, yet the mechanisms behind this trade-off are unclear. We addressed this question by combining two distinct, direct means of life-extension via reduced reproduction, to test whether they were additive. In the lubber grasshopper, Romalea microptera, ovariectomized (OVX) individuals had a ~20% increase in lifespan and a doubling of storage relative to controls (Sham operated). Similarly, young female grasshoppers treated with RNAi against vitellogenin (the precursor to egg yolk protein) had increased fat body mass and halted ovarian growth. In this study, we compared VgRNAi to two control groups that do not reduce reproduction, namely buffer injection (Buffer) and injection with RNAi against a hexameric storage protein (Hex90RNAi). Each injection treatment was tested with and without ovariectomy. Hence, we tested feeding, storage, and lifespans in six groups: OVX and Buffer, OVX and Hex90RNAi, OVX and VgRNAi, Sham and Buffer, Sham and Hex90RNAi, and Sham and VgRNAi. Ovariectomized grasshoppers and VgRNAi grasshoppers each had similar reductions in feeding (~40%), increases in protein storage in the hemolymph (150-300%), and extensions in lifespan (13-21%). Ovariectomized grasshoppers had higher vitellogenin protein levels than did VgRNAi grasshoppers. Last but not least, when ovariectomy and VgRNAi were applied together, there was no greater effect on feeding, protein storage, or longevity. Hence, feeding regulation, and protein storage in insects, may be conserved components of life-extension via reduced reproduction.
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Insects as models to study the epigenetic basis of disease. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 118:69-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Nasiri Moghadam N, Holmstrup M, Manenti T, Brandt Mouridsen M, Pertoldi C, Loeschcke V. The Role of Storage Lipids in the Relation between Fecundity, Locomotor Activity, and Lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster Longevity-Selected and Control Lines. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130334. [PMID: 26115349 PMCID: PMC4483158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of insect fat body to multiple processes, such as development, metamorphosis, activity, and reproduction results in trade-offs between life history traits. In the present study, age-induced modulation of storage lipid composition in Drosophila melanogaster longevity-selected (L) and non-selected control (C) lines was studied and the correlation between total body fat mass and lifespan assessed. The trade-offs between fecundity, locomotor activity, and lifespan were re-evaluated from a lipid-related metabolic perspective. Fewer storage lipids in the L lines compared to the C lines supports the impact of body fat mass on extended lifespan. The higher rate of fecundity and locomotor activity in the L lines may increase the lipid metabolism and enhance the lipolysis of storage lipids, reducing fat reserves. The correlation between neutral lipid fatty acids and fecundity, as well as locomotor activity, varied across age groups and between the L and C lines. The fatty acids that correlated with egg production were different from the fatty acids that correlated with locomotor activity. The present study suggests that fecundity and locomotor activity may positively affect the lifespan of D. melanogaster through the inhibition of fat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Nasiri Moghadam
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Martin Holmstrup
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, PO Box 314, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Tommaso Manenti
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Marie Brandt Mouridsen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Cino Pertoldi
- Aalborg Zoo, Mølleparkvej 63, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
- Department 18 / Section of Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Sohngårdsholmvej 57, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Volker Loeschcke
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Southon RJ, Bell EF, Graystock P, Sumner S. Long live the wasp: adult longevity in captive colonies of the eusocial paper wasp Polistes canadensis (L.). PeerJ 2015; 3:e848. [PMID: 25825677 PMCID: PMC4375972 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects have been used as an exemplary model in studying longevity, from extrinsic mortality pressures to intrinsic senescence. In the highly eusocial insects, great degrees of variation in lifespan exist between morphological castes in relation to extreme divisions of labour, but of particular interest are the primitively eusocial insects. These species represent the ancestral beginnings of eusociality, in which castes are flexible and based on behaviour rather than morphology. Here we present data on the longevity of the primitively eusocial Neotropical paper wasp P. canadensis, in a captive setting removed of environmental hazards. Captive Polistes canadensis had an average lifespan of 193 ± 10.5 days; although this average is shorter than most bee and ant queens, one individual lived for 506 days in the lab-longer than most recorded wasps and bees. Natal colony variation in longevity does exist between P. canadensis colonies, possibly due to nutritional and genetic factors. This study provides a foundation for future investigations on the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on longevity in primitively eusocial insects, as well as the relationship with natal group and cohort size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin J. Southon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emily F. Bell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | - Peter Graystock
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Seirian Sumner
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Halle S, Nowizki A, Scharf I. The consequences of parental age for development, body mass and resistance to stress in the red flour beetle. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Snir Halle
- Department of Zoology; Faculty of Life Sciences; Tel Aviv University; POB 39040 Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Anastasia Nowizki
- Department of Zoology; Faculty of Life Sciences; Tel Aviv University; POB 39040 Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Inon Scharf
- Department of Zoology; Faculty of Life Sciences; Tel Aviv University; POB 39040 Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
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Gu SH, Hsieh YC. Regulation of histone H3 phosphorylation at serine 10 in PTTH-stimulated prothoracic glands of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 57:27-33. [PMID: 25524297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A complex signaling network appears to be involved in prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH)-stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis in insect prothoracic glands (PGs). In the present study, we investigated the localization of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in PTTH-stimulated PGs in Bombyx mori. The nuclear effect of PTTH was further studied by examining phosphorylation of histone H3 at serine 10. Results showed that in PTTH-stimulated PGs, higher phosphorylated ERK was detected in nuclear fraction compared to that in cytosolic fraction. PTTH treatment in vitro appears to rapidly enhance the transcriptional activation-associated histone H3 phosphorylation at serine 10. PTTH stimulated histone H3 phosphorylation in a time-dependent manner. Injection of PTTH into day-6 last instar larvae greatly increased histone H3 phosphorylation, verifying the in vitro effect. The stimulation of histone H3 phosphorylation by PTTH appears to be developmentally regulated. PTTH-stimulated histone H3 phosphorylation was greatly reduced in Ca(2+)-free saline or by pretreatment with a potent and specific inhibitor of phospholipase C (PLC), U73122. When PGs were treated with agents that directly elevate the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration (either A23187 or thapsigargin), a greatly increase in histone H3 phosphorylation at serine 10 was observed, indicating Ca(2+)-dependency of histone H3 phosphorylation stimulated by PTTH. In addition, PTTH-stimulated histone H3 phosphorylation was partially reduced by U0126, a specific mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitor, indicating the involvement of ERK. However, pretreatment with LY294002, a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, did not inhibit PTTH-stimulated histone H3 phosphorylation, implying that PI3K signaling is not related to PTTH-stimulated histone H3 phosphorylation. Taken together, these results suggest that PTTH-stimulated histone H3 phosphorylation at serine 10 is mediated by Ca(2+)/ERK signaling in B. mori PGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hong Gu
- Department of Biology, National Museum of Natural Science, 1 Kuan-Chien Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yun-Chin Hsieh
- Department of Biology, National Museum of Natural Science, 1 Kuan-Chien Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC
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De Loof A. The essence of female-male physiological dimorphism: differential Ca2+-homeostasis enabled by the interplay between farnesol-like endogenous sesquiterpenoids and sex-steroids? The Calcigender paradigm. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 211:131-46. [PMID: 25540913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ca(2+) is the most omnipresent pollutant on earth, in higher concentrations a real threat to all living cells. When [Ca(2+)]i rises above 100 nM (=resting level), excess Ca(2+) needs to be confined in the SER and mitochondria, or extruded by the different Ca(2+)-ATPases. The evolutionary origin of eggs and sperm cells has a crucial, yet often overlooked link with Ca(2+)-homeostasis. Because there is no goal whatsoever in evolution, gametes did neither originate "with the purpose" of generating a progeny nor of increasing fitness by introducing meiosis. The explanation may simply be that females "invented the trick" to extrude eggs from their body as an escape strategy for getting rid of toxic excess Ca(2+) resulting from a sex-hormone driven increased influx into particular cells and tissues. The production of Ca(2+)-rich milk, seminal fluid in males and all secreted proteins by eukaryotic cells may be similarly explained. This view necessitates an upgrade of the role of the RER-Golgi system in extruding Ca(2+). In the context of insect metamorphosis, it has recently been (re)discovered that (some isoforms of) Ca(2+)-ATPases act as membrane receptors for some types of lipophilic ligands, in particular for endogenous farnesol-like sesquiterpenoids (FLS) and, perhaps, for some steroid hormones as well. A novel paradigm, tentatively named "Calcigender" emerges. Its essence is: gender-specific physiotypes ensue from differential Ca(2+)-homeostasis enabled by genetic differences, farnesol/FLS and sex hormones. Apparently the body of reproducing females gets temporarily more poisoned by Ca(2+) than the male one, a selective benefit rather than a disadvantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold De Loof
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Belgium.
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Gu SH, Chen CH, Hsieh YC, Lin PL, Young SC. Modulatory effects of bombyxin on ecdysteroidogenesis in Bombyx mori prothoracic glands. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 72:61-69. [PMID: 25497117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the modulatory effects of ecdysteroidogenesis of prothoracic glands (PGs) by bombyxin, an endogenous insulin-like peptide in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. The results showed that bombyxin stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis during a long-term incubation period and in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the injection of bombyxin into day 4-last instar larvae increased ecdysteroidogenesis 24h after the injection, indicating its possible in vivo function. Phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and Akt, and the target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling were stimulated by bombyxin, and stimulation of Akt phosphorylation and TOR signaling appeared to be dependent on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Bombyxin inhibited the phosphorylation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and the inhibition appeared to be PI3K-independent. Bombyxin-stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis was blocked by either an inhibitor of PI3K (LY294002) or a chemical activator of AMPK (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside, AICAR), indicating involvement of the PI3K/Akt and AMPK signaling pathway. Bombyxin did not stimulate extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling of PGs. Bombyxin, but not prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) stimulated cell viability of PGs. In addition, bombyxin treatment also affected mRNA expression levels of insulin receptor, Akt, AMPKα, -β, and -γ in time-dependent manners. These results suggest that bombyxin modulates ecdysteroidogenesis in B. mori PGs during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hong Gu
- Department of Biology, National Museum of Natural Science,1 Kuan-Chien Road, Taichung 404-19, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chien-Hung Chen
- Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, 89 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Jen-Te Township, Tainan County 717, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yun-Chin Hsieh
- Department of Biology, National Museum of Natural Science,1 Kuan-Chien Road, Taichung 404-19, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Ling Lin
- Department of Biology, National Museum of Natural Science,1 Kuan-Chien Road, Taichung 404-19, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shun-Chieh Young
- Department of Biology, National Museum of Natural Science,1 Kuan-Chien Road, Taichung 404-19, Taiwan, ROC
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Maturano R, Daemon E. Reproduction, development and habits of the large turkey louse Chelopistes meleagridis (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) under laboratory conditions. BRAZ J BIOL 2014; 74:712-9. [DOI: 10.1590/bjb.2014.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The bionomy of Chelopistes meleagridis off the host was observed with the aim of better understanding the aspects of this species' life cycle. For this purpose, C. meleagridisadults were collected and maintained under controlled conditions to reproduce (35°C and RH > 80%), with turkey feathers as the food source. From the offspring of these lice, the development of 150 individuals was observed from the egg to the adult phase. These eggs were divided into two groups of 75 each. After hatching, one group was given a diet composed of feathers while the other received feathers plus skin of the host turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). The “feather + skin” diet resulted in the greatest number of adults, so this diet was given to the next generation of lice reared in vitro, starting from the first instar, to observe their fertility, fecundity and longevity. High reproduction rates were found in relation to other lice of the Ischnocera sub-order, particularly the number of eggs per day and number of eggs produced per female over the lifetime (means of 2.54 and 26.61 eggs, respectively, for wild females and 2.11 and 29.33 eggs for laboratory-reared females). The inclusion of skin in the diet was a determining factor for development to the adult stage, since 48% of the lice fed this diet reached that stage, versus 1.3% that reached maturity fed only with feathers. The development time of the males and females was similar (mean of 29.38 days), without any difference in the sexual proportion of the adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Maturano
- Campus Universitário Bairro Martelos, Brazil
| | - E Daemon
- Campus Universitário Bairro Martelos, Brazil
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Michalkova V, Benoit JB, Attardo GM, Medlock J, Aksoy S. Amelioration of reproduction-associated oxidative stress in a viviparous insect is critical to prevent reproductive senescence. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87554. [PMID: 24763119 PMCID: PMC3998933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Impact of reproductive processes upon female health has yielded conflicting results; particularly in relation to the role of reproduction-associated stress. We used the viviparous tsetse fly to determine if lactation, birth and involution lead to damage from oxidative stress (OS) that impairs subsequent reproductive cycles. Tsetse females carry an intrauterine larva to full term at each pregnancy cycle, and lactate to nourish them with milk secretions produced by the accessory gland ( = milk gland) organ. Unlike most K-strategists, tsetse females lack an apparent period of reproductive senescence allowing the production of 8-10 progeny over their entire life span. In a lactating female, over 47% of the maternal transcriptome is associated with the generation of milk proteins. The resulting single larval offspring weighs as much as the mother at birth. In studying this process we noted an increase in specific antioxidant enzyme (AOE) transcripts and enzymatic activity at critical times during lactation, birth and involution in the milk gland/fat body organ and the uterus. Suppression of superoxide dismutase (sod) decreased fecundity in subsequent reproductive cycles in young mothers and nearly abolished fecundity in geriatric females. Loss of fecundity was in part due to the inability of the mother to produce adequate milk to support larval growth. Longevity was also impaired after sod knockdown. Generation of OS in virgin females through exogenous treatment with hydrogen peroxide at times corresponding to pregnancy intervals reduced survival, which was exacerbated by sod knockdown. AOE expression may prevent oxidative damage associated with the generation of nutrients by the milk gland, parturition and milk gland breakdown. Our results indicate that prevention of OS is essential for females to meet the growing nutritional demands of juveniles during pregnancy and to repair the damage that occurs at birth. This process is particularly important for females to remain fecund during the latter portion of their lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Michalkova
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United State of America
- Section of Molecular and Applied Zoology, Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Joshua B. Benoit
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United State of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Geoffrey M. Attardo
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United State of America
| | - Jan Medlock
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Serap Aksoy
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United State of America
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Gálvez D, Chapuisat M. Immune priming and pathogen resistance in ant queens. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:1761-7. [PMID: 24963375 PMCID: PMC4063474 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing empirical evidence indicates that invertebrates become more resistant to a pathogen following initial exposure to a nonlethal dose; yet the generality, mechanisms, and adaptive value of such immune priming are still under debate. Because life-history theory predicts that immune priming and large investment in immunity should be more frequent in long-lived species, we here tested for immune priming and pathogen resistance in ant queens, which have extraordinarily long life span. We exposed virgin and mated queens of Lasius niger and Formica selysi to a low dose of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, before challenging them with a high dose of the same pathogen. We found evidence for immune priming in naturally mated queens of L. niger. In contrast, we found no sign of priming in virgin queens of L. niger, nor in virgin or experimentally mated queens of F. selysi, which indicates that immune priming in ant queens varies according to mating status and mating conditions or species. In both ant species, mated queens showed higher pathogen resistance than virgin queens, which suggests that mating triggers an up-regulation of the immune system. Overall, mated ant queens combine high reproductive output, very long life span, and elevated investment in immune defense. Hence, ant queens are able to invest heavily in both reproduction and maintenance, which can be explained by the fact that mature queens will be protected and nourished by their worker offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dumas Gálvez
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, UNIL-Sorge, University of Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel Chapuisat
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, UNIL-Sorge, University of Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
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50
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Lailvaux SP, Wilson R, Kasumovic MM. TRAIT COMPENSATION AND SEX-SPECIFIC AGING OF PERFORMANCE IN MALE AND FEMALE PROFESSIONAL BASKETBALL PLAYERS. Evolution 2014; 68:1523-32. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon P. Lailvaux
- Department of Biological Sciences; The University of New Orleans; 2000 Lakeshore Drive; New Orleans Louisiana 70148
| | - Robbie Wilson
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; St. Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Michael M. Kasumovic
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre; School of Biological; Earth and Environmental Sciences; The University of New South Wales; Kensington Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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