1
|
Barrett R, Stein LR. Short-term heat waves have long-term consequences for parents and offspring in stickleback. Behav Ecol 2024; 35:arae036. [PMID: 38779597 PMCID: PMC11110458 DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arae036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Extreme temperature events, such as heat waves, can have lasting effects on the behavior, physiology, and reproductive success of organisms. Here, we examine the impact of short-term exposure to a simulated heat wave on condition, parental care, and reproductive success in a population of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), a small fish with exclusive paternal care, currently experiencing regular heat waves. Males were either exposed to a simulated heat wave (23 °C) for 5 d or held at an ideal temperature (18 °C). Following this 5-d treatment, all males were transferred to 18 °C, where they completed a full parenting cycle. Offspring were raised at 18 °C. We found that while mass and body condition were unaffected in males exposed to a heat wave, cortisol responses were dampened across the nesting cycle compared to control males. In addition, heat wave males had longer latency for eggs to hatch, lower hatching success, and showed lower levels of parental care behavior compared to control males. Offspring of heat wave males had lower body condition, affecting swimming performance. Altogether, our results highlight the long-term impact that even short-term events can have on reproductive success, parental behavior, and subsequent generations, providing insight into population responses to rapid environmental change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Barrett
- School of Biological Sciences, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Rm 314, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Laura R Stein
- School of Biological Sciences, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Rm 314, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li H, Li S, Chen J, Tan Y, Ye J, Hao D. Heat stress-induced oviposition behavioral change correlates with sperm damage in the pine sawyer beetle, Monochamus alternatus. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38738515 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global climate change is causing an increase in extreme high temperatures (EHTs), which subject insects to unprecedented stress. Behavior plasticity in response to EHTs, particularly oviposition behavior, is important for the persistence and outbreak of insect populations. Investigating the plasticity of oviposition behavior and its underlying mechanisms has theoretical importance to pest management, but knowledge gaps still remain. RESULTS Herein, we characterized the reproductive traits of Monochamus alternatus, a dominant insect vector of the destructive pine wilt disease, including oviposition behavioral patterns, fecundity, offspring fitness and sperm viability, under simulated heatwave conditions in the laboratory. The results showed that (i) EHTs induced a novel oviposition behavior, whereby females deposited multiple eggs into a single groove rather than laying one egg per groove under normal condition; (ii) EHTs exerted stage- and sex-specific effects on fecundity, offspring fitness and sperm viability; and (iii) there was a significant correlation between frequency of the novel oviposition strategy and sperm viability. CONCLUSION We hypothesized that this beetle pest has the ability to flexibly shift towards a low-cost oviposition strategy to counteract the fitness costs caused by heat stress. Taken together, these findings provide a theoretical foundation for personalized pest management strategies in the context of climate change. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shouyin Li
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yushan Tan
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianren Ye
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dejun Hao
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ratz T, Chechi TS, Dimopoulou AI, Sedlmair SD, Tuni C. Heatwaves inflict reproductive but not survival costs to male insects. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb246698. [PMID: 38436413 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is having a dramatic effect on the environment, with rising global temperatures and more frequent extreme climatic events, such as heatwaves, that can hamper organisms' biological functions. Although it is clear that sudden and extreme temperatures can damage reproductive processes, there is limited understanding of the effects of heatwaves on male mating behaviour and reproductive success. We tested for the effects of heat stress induced by ecologically relevant heatwaves (33°C and 39°C for five consecutive days) on the mating behaviour, reproductive success, body mass and survival of male field crickets Gryllus bimaculatus, paired with untreated females. We predicted life-history and reproductive costs would increase with increasing heatwave intensity. Consistent with our expectations, males exposed to the highest heatwave temperature produced the fewest offspring, while having to increase courtship effort to successfully mate. Males also gained relatively more weight following heatwave exposure. Given that we found no difference in lifetime survival, our results suggest a potential trade-off in resource allocation between somatic maintenance and reproductive investment. Taken together, our findings indicate that sublethal effects of heatwaves could reduce the growth and persistence of animal populations by negatively impacting reproductive rates. These findings highlight the need for considering thermal ecologies, life history and behaviour to better understand the consequences of extreme climatic events on individuals and populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Ratz
- Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstraße 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tejinder Singh Chechi
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Aliki-Ioanna Dimopoulou
- Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stephanie Daniela Sedlmair
- Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Cristina Tuni
- Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Weaving H, Terblanche JS, English S. Heatwaves are detrimental to fertility in the viviparous tsetse fly. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20232710. [PMID: 38471560 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Heatwaves are increasing in frequency and intensity due to climate change, pushing animals beyond physiological limits. While most studies focus on survival limits, sublethal effects on fertility tend to occur below lethal thresholds, and consequently can be as important for population viability. Typically, male fertility is more heat-sensitive than female fertility, yet direct comparisons are limited. Here, we measured the effect of experimental heatwaves on tsetse flies, Glossina pallidipes, disease vectors and unusual live-bearing insects of sub-Saharan Africa. We exposed males or females to a 3-day heatwave peaking at 36, 38 or 40°C for 2 h, and a 25°C control, monitoring mortality and reproduction over six weeks. For a heatwave peaking at 40°C, mortality was 100%, while a 38°C peak resulted in only 8% acute mortality. Females exposed to the 38°C heatwave experienced a one-week delay in producing offspring, whereas no such delay occurred in males. Over six weeks, heatwaves resulted in equivalent fertility loss in both sexes. Combined with mortality, this lead to a 10% population decline over six weeks compared to the control. Furthermore, parental heatwave exposure gave rise to a female-biased offspring sex ratio. Ultimately, thermal limits of both survival and fertility should be considered when assessing climate change vulnerability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hester Weaving
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - John S Terblanche
- Department of Conservation Ecology & Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Sinead English
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ørsted M, Willot Q, Olsen AK, Kongsgaard V, Overgaard J. Thermal limits of survival and reproduction depend on stress duration: A case study of Drosophila suzukii. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14421. [PMID: 38549250 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Studies of ectotherm responses to heat extremes often rely on assessing absolute critical limits for heat coma or death (CTmax), however, such single parameter metrics ignore the importance of stress exposure duration. Furthermore, population persistence may be affected at temperatures considerably below CTmax through decreased reproductive output. Here we investigate the relationship between tolerance duration and severity of heat stress across three ecologically relevant life-history traits (productivity, coma and mortality) using the global agricultural pest Drosophila suzukii. For the first time, we show that for sublethal reproductive traits, tolerance duration decreases exponentially with increasing temperature (R2 > 0.97), thereby extending the Thermal Death Time framework recently developed for mortality and coma. Using field micro-environmental temperatures, we show how thermal stress can lead to considerable reproductive loss at temperatures with limited heat mortality highlighting the importance of including limits to reproductive performance in ecological studies of heat stress vulnerability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ørsted
- Section of Bioscience and Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg E, Denmark
- Section for Zoophysiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Quentin Willot
- Section for Zoophysiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kirk Olsen
- Section for Zoophysiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Viktor Kongsgaard
- Section for Zoophysiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Johannes Overgaard
- Section for Zoophysiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Martinet B, Przybyla K, Decroo C, Wattiez R, Aron S. Proteomic differences in seminal fluid of social insects whose sperm differ in heat tolerance. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:231389. [PMID: 38026028 PMCID: PMC10645120 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In the coming years, climate change is likely to increase the frequency and intensity of heatwaves. In many organisms, heat stress provokes physiological perturbations and can lead to decreased male fertility. Bumblebees are endo-heterothermic but display interspecific differences in thermotolerance that could have conservation implications. For the species of concern Bombus magnus, exposure to high temperatures can severely reduce sperm quality and, consequently, reproductive success. Such is not the case for B. terrestris, a ubiquitous species. To decipher the mechanisms at play, we characterized the seminal fluid proteomes of the two species. We quantified 1121 proteins, of which 522 were differentially expressed between B. terrestris and B. magnus. Several proteins with protective functions, such as proteases, antioxidant proteins and various heat-shock proteins, were present at higher levels in B. terrestris than in B. magnus under both control and heat-stress conditions. The same was true for proteins involved in cellular homeostasis, immunity, lipid/sugar metabolism and thermotolerance. Furthermore, proteins involved in the capture and elimination of reactive oxygen species also occurred at much high levels in B. terrestris. Overall, these results clearly indicate differences in the seminal proteome of the more thermotolerant B. terrestris versus B. magnus. The differences may contribute to explaining interspecific differences in sperm survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Martinet
- Evolutionary Biology & Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue Paul Héger - CP 160/12, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | | | - Corentin Decroo
- Department of Proteomics and Microbiology, Université de Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Ruddy Wattiez
- Department of Proteomics and Microbiology, Université de Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Serge Aron
- Evolutionary Biology & Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue Paul Héger - CP 160/12, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bressac C, El Sabrout A, Kifouche F, Anne M, Capdevielle-Dulac C, Mougel F, Kaiser L. Hot and cold waves decrease sperm production and bias sex ratio in the parasitoid wasp Cotesia typhae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 149:104553. [PMID: 37567362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Parasitoid wasps are haplodiploid, meaning that sperm stored by egg laying females are only used to produce daughters. Thus, the sex ratio of the offspring depends on the availability of sperm after mating. In these insects, males are sensitive to temperature at the pupal stage. This stress leads to subfertility due to a drastic reduction in the number of sperm produced and transferred to females. Experiments were conducted under controlled conditions on the parasitoid wasp Cotesia typhae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), a natural enemy of the invading pest Sesamia nonagrioides (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). At 25-27 °C, sperm production was measured for 7 days, and found to reach a plateau at the third day of adult life. It leads to a final amount around 25,000 sperm per male. A male can successfully inseminate at least 10 females, producing predominantly female offspring. Sperm production decreased significantly after 1 day of pupal exposure to heat at 34 or 36 °C and 7 days of cold at 0, 5 or 10 °C. This highlights that both cold and heat are stressful. After mating with one male treated at 10 or 34 °C, females store fewer sperm than the control, and produce fewer daughters. The sex ratio of the offspring is male biased when males experienced temperature stresses during development, like other parasitoid wasps. In the field, C. typhae populations would be affected by heat and cold, at least at the pupal stage. This lowers overwintering risk in case this biological agent was introduced in Europe. This risk is both economical, as companies seek to establish costly continuous production to sell beneficial insects, and ecological as the introduced population would not settle in the ecosystem. Lastly, the transport and storage of this insect of agronomic interest would need to consider temperature variations to ensure successful application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Bressac
- IRBI, UMR 7261 CNRS, Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Tours, Tours, France.
| | - Ahmed El Sabrout
- IRBI, UMR 7261 CNRS, Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Tours, Tours, France; Applied Entomology and Zoology Department, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, 21526 Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Fatma Kifouche
- IRBI, UMR 7261 CNRS, Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Melissa Anne
- EGCE, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Claire Capdevielle-Dulac
- EGCE, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Florence Mougel
- EGCE, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Laure Kaiser
- EGCE, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gandara ACP, Drummond-Barbosa D. Chronic exposure to warm temperature causes low sperm abundance and quality in Drosophila melanogaster. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12331. [PMID: 37518578 PMCID: PMC10387475 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39360-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperature influences male fertility across organisms; however, how suboptimal temperatures affect adult spermatogenesis remains understudied. In a recent study on Drosophila melanogaster oogenesis, we observed a drastic reduction in the fertility of adult males exposed to warm temperature (29 °C). Here, we show that males become infertile at 29 °C because of low sperm abundance and quality. The low sperm abundance at 29 °C does not stem from reduced germline stem cell or spermatid numbers, as those numbers remain comparable between 29 °C and control 25 °C. Notably, males at cold 18 °C and 29 °C had similarly increased frequencies of spermatid elongation and individualization defects which, considering the high sperm abundance and male fertility measured at 18 °C, indicate that spermatogenesis has a high tolerance for elongation and individualization defects. Interestingly, the abundance of sperm at 29 °C decreases abruptly and with no evidence of apoptosis as they transition into the seminal vesicle near the end of spermatogenesis, pointing to sperm elimination through an unknown mechanism. Finally, sperm from males at 29 °C fertilize eggs less efficiently and do not support embryos past the first stage of embryogenesis, indicating that poor sperm quality is an additional cause of male infertility at 29 °C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Caroline P Gandara
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Daniela Drummond-Barbosa
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Canal Domenech B, Fricke C. Developmental heat stress interrupts spermatogenesis inducing early male sterility in Drosophila melanogaster. J Therm Biol 2023; 114:103589. [PMID: 37300998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thermal stress leads to fertility reduction, can cause temporal sterility and thus results in fitness loss with severe ecological and evolutionary consequences, e.g., threatening species persistence already at sub-lethal temperatures. For males we here tested which developmental stage is particularly sensitive to heat stress in the model species Drosophila melanogaster. As developmental stages characterize the different steps of sperm development, we could narrow down which particular processes are heat sensitive. We studied early male reproductive ability and, by following recovery dynamics after a move to benign temperatures, we investigated general mechanisms behind a subsequent gain of fertility. We found strong support to suggest that the last steps of spermatogenesis are particularly sensitive to heat stress, as processes occurring during the pupal stage were mostly interrupted, delaying both sperm production and sperm maturation. Moreover, further measurements in the testes and for proxies of sperm availability indicating the onset of adult reproductive capacity matched the expected heat-induced delay in completing spermatogenesis. We discuss these results within the context of how heat stress affects reproductive organ function and the consequences for male reproductive potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berta Canal Domenech
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Muenster Graduate School of Evolution, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
| | - Claudia Fricke
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Institute for Zoology, Halle-Wittenberg University, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang B, Li X, Jiang Y, Liu J, Zhang J, Ma W. Comparative transcriptome analysis of adult worker bees under short-term heat stress. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1099015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
High temperature affects behavior, physiology, survival, and the expression of related genes in adult honeybees. Apis mellifera is the common pollinator in greenhouse and is susceptible to high temperature stress. To further explore the molecular basis related to heat stress, we compared the transcriptome profiles of adult worker bees at 25 and 45°C, and detected the expression patterns of some differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in different tissues by q RT-PCR. Differential expression analysis showed that 277 DEGs were identified, including 167 genes upregulated and 110 genes downregulated after heat stress exposure in adult worker bees. In GO enrichment analysis, DEGs were mostly enriched for protein folding, unfold protein binding, and heme binding terms. Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum and longevity regulating pathway-multiple species were significantly enriched in KEGG. The expression levels of 16 DEGs were consistent with the transcriptome results. The expression patterns of 9 DEGs in different tissues revealed high levels in the thorax, which was supposed that the thorax may be the most important part in the response to heat stress. This study provided valuable data for exploring the function of heat resistance-related genes.
Collapse
|
11
|
Augustin J, Bourgeois G, Brodeur J, Boivin G. Low and high temperatures decrease the mating success of an egg parasitoid and the proportion of females in the population. J Therm Biol 2022; 110:103382. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
12
|
Canal Domenech B, Fricke C. Recovery from heat‐induced infertility—A study of reproductive tissue responses and fitness consequences in male Drosophila melanogaster. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9563. [PMCID: PMC9712812 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The predicted temperature increase caused by climate change is a threat to biodiversity. Across animal taxa, male reproduction is often sensitive to elevated temperatures leading to fertility loss, and in more adverse scenarios, this can result in sterility when males reach their upper thermal fertility limit. Here, we investigate temperature‐induced changes in reproductive tissues, fertility reduction, sterility, and the associated fitness loss during the subsequent recovery phase in male Drosophila melanogaster. We heat‐stressed males during development and either allowed them to recover or not in early adulthood while measuring several determinants of male reproductive success. We found significant differences in recovery rate, organ sizes, sperm production, and other key reproductive traits among males from our different temperature treatments. Sperm maturation was impaired before reaching the upper thermal sterility threshold. While some effects were reversible, this did not compensate for the fitness loss due to damage imposed during development. Surprisingly, developmental heat stress was damaging to accessory gland growth, and female post‐mating responses mediated by seminal fluid proteins were impaired regardless of the possibility of recovery. We suggest that sub‐lethal thermal sterility and the subsequent fertility reduction are caused by a combination of inefficient functionality of both the accessory gland and testes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berta Canal Domenech
- Institute for Evolution and BiodiversityUniversity of MuensterMuensterGermany,Muenster Graduate School of EvolutionUniversity of MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - Claudia Fricke
- Institute for Evolution and BiodiversityUniversity of MuensterMuensterGermany,Institute for ZoologyHalle‐Wittenberg UniversityHalle (Saale)Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhou A, Huang C, Li Y, Li X, Zhang Z, He H, Ding W, Xue J, Li Y, Qiu L. A chromosome-level genome assembly provides insights into the environmental adaptability and outbreaks of Chlorops oryzae. Commun Biol 2022; 5:881. [PMID: 36028584 PMCID: PMC9418232 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03850-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorops oryzae is a pest of rice that has caused severe damage to crops in major rice-growing areas in recent years. We generated a 447.60 Mb high-quality chromosome-level genome with contig and scaffold N50 values of 1.17 Mb and 117.57 Mb, respectively. Hi-C analysis anchored 93.22% scaffolds to 4 chromosomes. The relatively high expression level of Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) and antioxidant genes in response to thermal stress suggests these genes may play a role in the environmental adaptability of C. oryzae. The identification of multiple pathways that regulate reproductive development (juvenile hormone, 20-hydroxyecdsone, and insulin signaling pathways) provides evidence that these pathways also play an important role in vitellogenesis and thus insect population maintenance. These findings identify possible reasons for the increased frequency of outbreaks of C. oryzae in recent years. Our chromosome-level genome assembly may provide a basis for further genetic studies of C. oryzae, and promote the development of novel, sustainable strategies to control this pest. A chromosome-level genome assembly for the rice pest, Chlorops oryzae, pinpoints molecular pathways that might contribute toward increased outbreaks for this important crop pest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ailin Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Biopesticide and Formulation Processing, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Yi Li
- Plant Protection and Inspection Station, Agriculture and Rural Development of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Xinwen Li
- Plant Protection and Inspection Station, Agriculture and Rural Development of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Zhengbing Zhang
- Plant Protection and Inspection Station, Agriculture and Rural Development of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Hualiang He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Wenbing Ding
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Biopesticide and Formulation Processing, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jin Xue
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Youzhi Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China. .,Hunan Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Biopesticide and Formulation Processing, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Lin Qiu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bota‐Sierra CA, García‐Robledo C, Escobar F, Novelo‐Gutiérrez R, Londoño GA. Environment, taxonomy and morphology constrain insect thermal physiology along tropical mountains. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelio A. Bota‐Sierra
- Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología (INECOL A.C.), Xalapa Mexico
- Grupo de Entomología Universidad de Antioquia (GEUA), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin Colombia
| | - Carlos García‐Robledo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut U.S.A
| | - Federico Escobar
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología (INECOL A.C.), Xalapa Mexico
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tian M, Zhang Y, Liu TX, Zhang SZ. Effects of periodically repeated high-temperature exposure on the immediate and subsequent fitness of different developmental stages of Propylaea japonica. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:1649-1656. [PMID: 34989107 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repeated extreme high temperature occurs frequently in summer. Propylaea japonica is a predominant predator in South-East Asia and has been considered as a successful natural enemy to control aphids. However, how repeated extreme high temperature affects the fitness of P. japonica remains unclear. This study evaluated the immediate and subsequent fitness of P. japonica when egg, larva, pupa, and adult were exposed to repeated high temperatures (39, 41, or 43 °C for 3 h exposure duration per day) during several days. RESULTS The effect of repeated high temperatures on P. japonica fitness was stage-specific: the egg stage was the most sensitive, the larval and pupal stages were moderately resistant and the adult stage was the most resistant to heat. Repeated high temperatures extended the immature developmental time and decreased the sex ratio of eggs treated with these temperatures, compared to control eggs. A temperature of 39 °C had no significant effect on the pre-oviposition period, oviposition period, fecundity (except stress pupa), or longevity compared with the control, but negative carry-over effects above 39 °C on subsequent stages were found. CONCLUSION Repeated high temperature for consecutive days not only had a significant effect on the immediate survival and developmental time, but also had deleterious effects on the subsequent development and performance of P. japonica. The present study provides valuable information for understanding and utilizing P. japonica to control aphids in challenging environments. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tong-Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shi-Ze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nasehi SF, Fathipour Y, Asgari S, Mehrabadi M. Environmental Temperature, but Not Male Age, Affects Wolbachia and Prophage WO Thereby Modulating Cytoplasmic Incompatibility in the Parasitoid Wasp, Habrobracon Hebetor. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 83:482-491. [PMID: 33969432 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01768-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wolbachia is an endosymbiotic bacterium found in many species of arthropods and manipulates its host reproduction. Cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) is one of the most common manipulations that is induced when an uninfected female mates with a Wolbachia-infected male. The CI factors (cifA and cifB genes) are encoded by phage WO that naturally infects Wolbachia. Here, we questioned whether an environmental factor (temperature) or host factor (male age) affected the strength of the CI phenotype in the ectoparasitoid wasp, Habrobracon hebetor. We found that temperature, but not male age, results in reduced CI penetrance. Consistent with these results, we also found that the expression of the cif CI factors decreased in temperature-exposed males but was consistent across aging male wasps. Similar to studies of other insect systems, cifA showed a higher expression level than cifB, and male hosts showed increased cif expression relative to females. Our results suggest that prophage WO is present in the Wolbachia-infected wasps and expression of cif genes contributes to the induction of CI in this insect. It seems that male aging has no effect on the intensity of CI; however, temperature affects Wolbachia and prophage WO titers as well as expression levels of cif genes, which modulate the CI level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyede Fatemeh Nasehi
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Fathipour
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sassan Asgari
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mohammad Mehrabadi
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bawa SA, Gregg PC, Del Socorro AP, Miller C, Andrew NR. Exposure of Helicoverpa punctigera pupae to extreme temperatures for extended periods negatively impacts on adult population dynamics and reproductive output. J Therm Biol 2021; 101:103099. [PMID: 34879917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the impact that heat stress has on critical life stages of an organism is essential when assessing population responses to extreme events. Heat stress may occur as repeated small-scale events or as a single prolonged event, which may cause different outcomes to the organism. Here, we subjected Helicoverpa punctigera (Wallengren) pupae to two temperatures (44.2 °C and 43 °C) and two exposure treatments - a single 3-h prolonged exposure prolonged and three repeated 1-h exposure period with 24 h recovery time between bouts - to assess the biological traits of individuals. The maximum temperatures were used as they were just below the critical thermal maximum (CTmax) 47.3 °C ± 0.3 °C of pupae for which they could survive exposure. Adults in the prolonged and repeated heat-stressed treatments had 1.70 and 3.34 more days to emergence and 1.57 and 3.30 days extended life span compared to those kept under a constant 25 °C temperature (control treatment). Both pre-oviposition and oviposition periods were extended in the heat-stressed groups. Fecundity in the prolonged and repeated heat-stressed females was reduced by 34.7% and 65.5% eggs in the 43 °C treatment group and by 94.3% and 93.6% eggs in the 44.2 °C treatment group compared to the control group. No eggs from females in either the prolonged and repeated heat-stress groups hatched. We establish that heat stress on pupae can influence the population dynamics of H. punctigera by reducing fecundity as well as extending the pre oviposition period, and affecting adult development. Also, as heat exposure on the parent generation resulted in no offspring production, it is critical to assess cross-generational responses to extreme heat stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Bawa
- Centre for Behavioural and Physiological Ecology, Zoology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia; Insect Ecology Lab, Natural History Museum, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia; Asuansi Agric. Station, Box 520, Cape Coast, Ghana.
| | - Peter C Gregg
- Agronomy, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Alice P Del Socorro
- Agronomy, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Cara Miller
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Nigel R Andrew
- Centre for Behavioural and Physiological Ecology, Zoology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia; Insect Ecology Lab, Natural History Museum, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Singh K, Kochar E, Gahlot P, Bhatt K, Prasad NG. Evolution of reproductive traits have no apparent life-history associated cost in populations of Drosophila melanogaster selected for cold shock resistance. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:219. [PMID: 34872492 PMCID: PMC8650462 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01934-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In insect species like Drosophila melanogaster, evolution of increased resistance or evolution of particular traits under specific environmental conditions can lead to energy trade-offs with other crucial life-history traits. Adaptation to cold stress can, in principle, involve modification of reproductive traits and physiological responses. Reproductive traits carry a substantial cost; and therefore, the evolution of reproductive traits in response to cold stress could potentially lead to trade-offs with other life-history traits. We have successfully selected replicate populations of Drosophila melanogaster for increased resistance to cold shock for over 33 generations. In these populations, the ability to recover from cold shock, mate, and lay fertile eggs 24 h post cold shock is under selection. These populations have evolved a suite of reproductive traits including increased egg viability, male mating ability, and siring ability post cold shock. These populations also show elevated mating rate both with and without cold shock. In the present study, we quantified a suite of life-history related traits in these populations to assess if evolution of cold shock resistance in these populations comes at a cost of other life-history traits. Results To assess life-history cost, we measured egg viability, mating frequency, longevity, lifetime fecundity, adult mortality, larva to adult development time, larvae to adults survival, and body weight in the cold shock selected populations and their controls under two treatments (a) post cold chock and (b) without cold shock. Twenty-four hours post cold shock, the selected population had significantly higher egg viability and mating frequency compared to control populations indicating that they have higher cold shock resistance. Selected populations had significantly longer pre-adult development time compared to their control populations. Females from the selected populations had higher body weight compared to their control populations. However, we did not find any significant difference between the selected and control populations in longevity, lifetime fecundity, adult mortality, larvae to adults survival, and male body weight under the cold chock or no cold shock treatments. Conclusions These findings suggest that cold shock selected populations have evolved higher mating frequency and egg viability. However, there is no apparent life-history associated cost with the evolution of egg viability and reproductive performances under the cold stress condition. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12862-021-01934-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karan Singh
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 650 Medical Science Building, 550 First Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA. .,Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, PO Manauli, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India.
| | - Ekta Kochar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, PO Manauli, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Prakhar Gahlot
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, PO Manauli, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Karan Bhatt
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, PO Manauli, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Nagaraj Guru Prasad
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, PO Manauli, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Baur J, Jagusch D, Michalak P, Koppik M, Berger D. The mating system affects the temperature sensitivity of male and female fertility. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Baur
- Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Dorian Jagusch
- Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Piotr Michalak
- Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Mareike Koppik
- Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - David Berger
- Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sperm Production Is Reduced after a Heatwave at the Pupal Stage in the Males of the Parasitoid Wasp Microplitisrufiventris Kok (Hymenoptera; Braconidae). INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12100862. [PMID: 34680631 PMCID: PMC8539703 DOI: 10.3390/insects12100862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Biocontrol with natural enemies of insect pests needs an optimal reproduction of beneficial insects. Most insects are sensitive to heat, and many males suffer from sperm decrease when exposed to warmth during their development. It is dramatic in hymenoptera because males are issued from the development of unfertilized oocytes and only females develop from fertilized eggs. The sex ratio of populations then results from the availability of sperm for egg laying females. Microplitisrufiventris is a parasite of the cotton worm; this moth is a major pest for cotton fields in Egypt. Because the temperature is high in Egypt, reproduction of M. rufiventris must be studied to optimize its use in the fields. We conducted experiments to measure the sperm number of males after heat periods during their development. It shows that M. rufiventris males have less sperm than controls when they were exposed to 36 °C and 40 °C short periods during their development. Moreover, those males live shorter than males that were maintained at 25 °C. In conclusion, we found, males to be sensitive to heat waves, which results in lower fertility, resulting in a lower availability of sperm for females leading to a sex ratio bias. It may lead to a decrease of the efficacy of biocontrol in cotton fields. Abstract Understanding reproduction is essential for controlling pests and supporting beneficial insects. Among the many factors allowing optimal reproduction, sperm availability is key to sex ratio control in hymenopteran parasitoids since males are haploid and only females come from fertilization. Microplitisrufiventris (Hymenoptera; Braconidae) is a solitary endoparasitoid of some noctuids. This insect could be used for the control of the cotton leafworm Spodopteralittoralis. Under controlled conditions, sperm quantity was measured in virgin males at 1, 5, 10, and 15 days; it increases in adult males until the fifth day. Sperm stock of control males increased from 2500 at one day to 6700 at 15 days. With the control climatic condition being 25 °C, we tested the effects of a time-limited increase of temperature that can be found in Egypt (36 and 40 °C) during one day at the early pupal stage. Emerging males had 1500 and 420 sperm at 36 and 40 °C, respectively; both lived shorter than the control. The sperm potential of males is dependent on both age and temperature during the early pupal stage. It could have dramatic consequences on the sex ratio of M. rufiventris in natural and controlled populations.
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang J, Tang Y, Huang J. The Effects of Temperature on the Development, Morphology, and Fecundity of Aenasius bambawalei (= Aenasius arizonensis). INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12090833. [PMID: 34564272 PMCID: PMC8471986 DOI: 10.3390/insects12090833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary During biological invasions, insect pest outbreaks often occur because they escape the control of natural enemies from their place of origin. However, some natural enemies can migrate with pests to effectively inhibit their damage. Whether temperature changes can shorten or enhance the reproductive developmental period of accompanying natural enemies is an important determinant of whether they can effectively migrate with pests. Aenasius bambawalei is a predominant accompanying parasitoid of the important invasive pest Phenacoccus solenopsis. To understand the effect of temperature changes on the development of the reproductive systems of this parasitoid, we compared differences in its development, morphology, and fecundity under different temperatures. The results showed that high temperature could significantly shorten the pupal developmental duration, increase the length of the hind tibia, and accelerate gonad development. Our results indicated that moderately high temperature was conducive to the reproduction and development of the parasitoid and may be related to the more females offspring. This is the first report of the impact of high temperature on the pupal development, morphology, and fecundity of A. bambawalei. Abstract The effects of high temperature on the developmental, morphological, and fecundity characteristics of insects, including biological invaders and their accompanying natural enemies, are clear. Phenacoccus solenopsis (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) is an aggressive invasive insect pest worldwide. Aenasius bambawalei (=Aenasius arizonensis Girault) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is a predominant accompanying parasitoid of this mealybug. Our previous studies showed that temperature change induced an increase in the female offspring ratio of A. bambawalei. However, whether this increase is the result of a shortened or enhanced development period of the reproductive systems of A. bambawalei remains unknown. Here, we compared the pupal development, hind tibia of female adults, and fecundity of A. bambawalei under different temperatures to clarify the development and morphological changes induced by high temperature and to better understand its potential as an accompanying natural enemy. Our results showed that, at a high temperature (36 °C), the pupal developmental duration of A. bambawalei was only 0.80 times that of the control, and the length of the hind tibia was 1.16 times that of the control. Moreover, high temperature accelerated the developmental rate of gonads and increased the numbers of eggs and sperm. These results indicated that experimental warming shortened the pupal developmental duration, altered the hind tibia length of female adults, and facilitated the fecundity of A. bambawalei. These findings will help to understand the adaptation mechanisms of accompanying natural enemies. Furthermore, these findings will help to make use of this behavior to effectively control invasive pests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers/Zhejiang Xiaoshan Institute of Cotton & Bast Fiber Crops, Hangzhou 311251, China; (J.Z.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yayuan Tang
- Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers/Zhejiang Xiaoshan Institute of Cotton & Bast Fiber Crops, Hangzhou 311251, China; (J.Z.); (Y.T.)
| | - Jun Huang
- Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers/Zhejiang Xiaoshan Institute of Cotton & Bast Fiber Crops, Hangzhou 311251, China; (J.Z.); (Y.T.)
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-571-8641-9057
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yang L, Huang LF, Wang WL, Chen EH, Chen HS, Jiang JJ. Effects of Temperature on Growth and Development of the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:1-11. [PMID: 33205198 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvaa144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), is one of the most serious and destructive pests of rice in Asia. Climate warming in tropical regions and extreme-high- or low-temperature events may become limiting factors affecting the survival and distribution of N. lugens. The effects of continuous high temperature (CHT), discontinuous high temperature (DHT), and abnormal low temperature in summer (ALT) on the growth and development of N. lugens were studied under lab conditions. High temperatures and ALT decreased the survival rate of nymphs (in fourth-instar nymphs, CHT, DHT, ALT, and control survival was 46.67% ± 1.67, 31.67% ± 1.67, 48.33% ± 4.41, and 60.00% ± 2.89, respectively, P < 0.05). ALT also prolonged the development of N. lugens nymphs (in fourth-instar nymphs, ALT and control survival was 6.09 ± 0.193 d and 5.39 ± 0.082 d, respectively, P < 0.05). In fifth-instar nymphs, CHT (2.36 ± 0.064 d, P < 0.05) and DHT (2.34 ± 0.048 d, P < 0.05) had little influence on nymphal development compared with the control (2.25 ± 0.012 d, P < 0.05). The three temperature treatments (CHT, DHT, and ALT) decreased the number of eggs produced (61.33 ± 0.067, 62.67 ± 0.882, and 34.00 ± 0.577, respectively, P < 0.05) compared with the control (68.00 ± 1.000, P < 0.05). The female sex ratio decreased after nymphs were subjected to CHT (65.82% ± 0.771, P < 0.05, in fifth-instar nymphs) and ALT (76.01% ± 1.362, P < 0.05) compared with the control (81.63% ± 1.007, P < 0.05). Adults in CHT (25.30 ± 0.182, P < 0.05) and DHT (14.64 ± 0.238, P < 0.05) consumed significantly more food than the control (11.54 ± 0.181, P < 0.05), but adults in ALT (6.54 ± 0.196, P < 0.05) fed significantly less than the control (11.54 ± 0.181, P < 0.05). Hatching rates of eggs under the three temperature treatments (CHT, DHT, and ALT were 69.57% ± 0.215, 71.29% ± 0.529, and 43.13% ± 0.508, respectively, and were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than the control (78.95% ± 1.000, P < 0.05). These experiments revealed that extreme temperatures can influence the growth and development of N. lugens and may affect its distribution. As such, N. lugens remains a serious pest of rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lang Yang
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Science/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Li-Fei Huang
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Science/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wei-Li Wang
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Science/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - En-Hai Chen
- Guangxi Vocational and Technical College, Nanning, China
| | - Hong-Song Chen
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Science/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jian-Jun Jiang
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Science/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jiang L, Xie E, Guo H, Sun Q, Liuli H, Wang Y, Li Q, Xia Q. Heat shock protein 19.9 (Hsp19.9) from Bombyx mori is involved in host protection against viral infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:103790. [PMID: 32784012 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Adverse environmental conditions cause serious economic losses in sericulture; Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is the primary biotic stress and high temperature is the major abiotic stress in this industry. B. mori heat shock protein 19.9 (Bmhsp19.9) overexpression was previously demonstrated to protect transgenic silkworm H19.9 against extreme temperature. This study analyzed the role of Bmhsp19.9 in H19.9A and H19.9B silkworm lines and BmE cells infected with BmNPV at regular and high temperatures. qPCR results showed that Bmhsp19.9 expression was upregulated in BmE cells and silkworm after BmNPV challenge. Bmhsp19.9 overexpression significantly inhibited BmNPV proliferation in BmE cells. The viral DNA content was significantly decreased in transgenic H19.9 silkworm compared to the control. These results suggested that Bmhsp19.9 was involved in antiviral immunity against BmNPV. Furthermore, Bmhsp19.9 overexpression protected BmE cells against BmNPV under high temperature shock. This indicates that Bmhsp19.9 is a promising candidate for improving silkworm resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, thereby reducing sericulture losses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Enyu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Huizhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Haoyu Liuli
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yumei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Martinet B, Zambra E, Przybyla K, Lecocq T, Anselmo A, Nonclercq D, Rasmont P, Michez D, Hennebert E. Mating under climate change: Impact of simulated heatwaves on the reproduction of model pollinators. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Martinet
- Laboratory of Zoology Research Institute of Biosciences University of Mons Mons Belgium
- Evolutionary Biology & Ecology Université Libre de Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgium
| | - Ella Zambra
- Laboratory of Zoology Research Institute of Biosciences University of Mons Mons Belgium
| | - Kimberly Przybyla
- Laboratory of Zoology Research Institute of Biosciences University of Mons Mons Belgium
| | - Thomas Lecocq
- Laboratory of Zoology Research Institute of Biosciences University of Mons Mons Belgium
- INRAEURAFPAUniversity of Lorraine Nancy France
| | - Abigaël Anselmo
- Laboratory of Zoology Research Institute of Biosciences University of Mons Mons Belgium
| | - Denis Nonclercq
- Laboratory of Histology Research Institute of BiosciencesUniversity of Mons Mons Belgium
| | - Pierre Rasmont
- Laboratory of Zoology Research Institute of Biosciences University of Mons Mons Belgium
| | - Denis Michez
- Laboratory of Zoology Research Institute of Biosciences University of Mons Mons Belgium
| | - Elise Hennebert
- Laboratory of Cell Biology Research Institute of BiosciencesUniversity of Mons Mons Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bredlau JP, El-Sabrout AM, Bressac C. Reproductive context of extremely short sperm in the parasitic wasp Cotesia congregata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Among adaptive traits under sexual selection, the length of spermatozoa shows high interspecific variation. In insects, extremes exist for both short and long sperm. The spermatozoa of the endoparasitic wasp Cotesia congregata (Say) are the shortest flagellated sperm described in animals, 6.6 µm in length. By comparison, the sperm of Drosophila bifurca are almost 6000 times longer. Thus, C. congregata has the potential to shed light on the selection pressures that drive variation in sperm length in relation to their production and use. The reproductive organs, sperm counts, controlled oviposition and sex ratios were investigated. The testes showed stratified differentiation stages of spermatogenesis, and sperm counts revealed continuous spermatogenesis in the late pupal stage. The small female spermatheca stored ~1000 sperm, resulting in an extremely high sperm concentration. The number of progeny per brood decreased over time until depletion of eggs. Females produced up to 370 daughters, corresponding to the effective use of 34% of the average sperm stock. Haploid males made up a greater proportion of broods in later parasitisms. Sperm miniaturization may be an adaptation to transfer increased quantities for the entire reproductive life of females in the absence of sperm competition but in the reduced space offered by the spermatheca.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin P Bredlau
- Integrative Life Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ahmed M El-Sabrout
- Research Institute for Insect Biology, UMR CNRS 7261, University of Tours, Tours, France
- Department of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture (El-shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Christophe Bressac
- Research Institute for Insect Biology, UMR CNRS 7261, University of Tours, Tours, France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
García-Roa R, Garcia-Gonzalez F, Noble DWA, Carazo P. Temperature as a modulator of sexual selection. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:1607-1629. [PMID: 32691483 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A central question in ecology and evolution is to understand why sexual selection varies so much in strength across taxa; it has long been known that ecological factors are crucial to this. Temperature is a particularly salient abiotic ecological factor that modulates a wide range of physiological, morphological and behavioural traits, impacting individuals and populations at a global taxonomic scale. Furthermore, temperature exhibits substantial temporal variation (e.g. daily, seasonally and inter-seasonally), and hence for most species in the wild sexual selection will regularly unfold in a dynamic thermal environment. Unfortunately, studies have so far almost completely neglected the role of temperature as a modulator of sexual selection. Here, we outline the main pathways through which temperature can affect the intensity and form (i.e. mechanisms) of sexual selection, via: (i) direct effects on secondary sexual traits and preferences (i.e. trait variance, opportunity for selection and trait-fitness covariance), and (ii) indirect effects on key mating parameters, sex-specific reproductive costs/benefits, trade-offs, demography and correlated abiotic factors. Building upon this framework, we show that, by focusing exclusively on the first-order effects that environmental temperature has on traits linked with individual fitness and population viability, current global warming studies may be ignoring eco-evolutionary feedbacks mediated by sexual selection. Finally, we tested the general prediction that temperature modulates sexual selection by conducting a meta-analysis of available studies experimentally manipulating temperature and reporting effects on the variance of male/female reproductive success and/or traits under sexual selection. Our results show a clear association between temperature and sexual selection measures in both sexes. In short, we suggest that studying the feedback between temperature and sexual selection processes may be vital to developing a better understanding of variation in the strength of sexual selection in nature, and its consequences for population viability in response to environmental change (e.g. global warming).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto García-Roa
- Behaviour and Evolution, Ethology Lab, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
| | - Francisco Garcia-Gonzalez
- Doñana Biological Station, Spanish Research Council CSIC, c/Americo Vespucio, 26, Isla de la Cartuja, Sevilla, 41092, Spain.,Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Daniel W A Noble
- Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.,Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2061, Australia
| | - Pau Carazo
- Behaviour and Evolution, Ethology Lab, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang Y, Xie E, Guo H, Sun Q, Xia Q, Jiang L. Overexpression of Bmhsp19.9 protects BmE cells and transgenic silkworm against extreme temperatures. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:1141-1146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
28
|
Heyworth ER, Smee MR, Ferrari J. Aphid Facultative Symbionts Aid Recovery of Their Obligate Symbiont and Their Host After Heat Stress. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
29
|
Shi C, Zhang S, Hu J, Zhang Y. Effects of Non-Lethal High-Temperature Stress on Bradysia odoriphaga (Diptera: Sciaridae) Larval Development and Offspring. INSECTS 2020; 11:E159. [PMID: 32121534 PMCID: PMC7142861 DOI: 10.3390/insects11030159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Throughout China, the dipteran pest Bradysia odoriphaga significantly reduces Chinese chive production; therefore, identifying conditions that influence its growth and development is crucial for developing ecological regulation strategies. In this study, different non-lethal high temperatures and treatment durations were used to stress the third-instar larvae of B. odoriphaga, and the effects of this treatment on their growth and offspring were recorded and analyzed. The results showed that the average larval mortality increased with increased temperature and prolonged exposure times. After stress treatment at 40 °C for 2 h, 100% of larvae died within 5 days, which was not significantly different from the 5-day average larval mortality (90.66%) after stress at 37 °C for 4 h, but significantly higher than the 5-day average larval mortality (72.00%) after stress at 40 °C for 1 h. After 5 days, all still-living larvae could pupate, and there was no significant difference in average pupal period after pupation. However, the eclosion rate of subsequent pupae decreased with increased temperature and prolonged exposure times, and were only 43.00% and 42.73% after larvae were stressed at 37 °C for 4 h and 40 °C for 1 h, respectively. After eclosion into adults, there was no significant difference in the lifespan of unmated female adults, while the lifespan of unmated male adults was significantly reduced to 1.67 d and 2 d after larvae were stressed at 37 °C for 4 h and 40 °C for 1 h, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in male and female adult longevity after mating. There was no significant difference in oviposition or egg hatchability. This indicates that non-lethal high temperature at 37 °C for 4 h can hinder development and allow control of B. odoriphaga. There is great potential for non-lethal high temperature to be applied in the field to control agricultural pests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caihua Shi
- Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, Hubei Engineering Technology Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China; (C.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Seng Zhang
- Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, Hubei Engineering Technology Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China; (C.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Jingrong Hu
- Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, Hubei Engineering Technology Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China; (C.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Parisi C, Guerriero G. Antioxidative Defense and Fertility Rate in the Assessment of Reprotoxicity Risk Posed by Global Warming. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E622. [PMID: 31817462 PMCID: PMC6943697 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review is to briefly summarize the recent progress in studies done on the assessment of reprotoxicity risk posed by global warming for the foundation of strategic tool in ecosystem-based adaptation. The selected animal data analysis that was used in this paper focuses on antioxidative markers and fertility rate estimated over the period 2000-2019. We followed a phylogenetic methodology in order to report data on a panel of selected organisms that show dangerous effects. The oxidative damage studies related to temperature fluctuation occurring in biosentinels of different invertebrate and vertebrate classes show a consistently maintained physiological defense. Furthermore, the results from homeothermic and poikilothermic species in our study highlight the influence of temperature rise on reprotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Costantino Parisi
- Comparative Endocrinology Lab, Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy;
- Laboratory of Zebrafish Developmental Genomics, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Giulia Guerriero
- Comparative Endocrinology Lab, Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for Environment, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chevrier C, Nguyen TM, Bressac C. Heat shock sensitivity of adult male fertility in the parasitoid wasp Anisopteromalus calandrae (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae). J Therm Biol 2019; 85:102419. [PMID: 31657760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In insects, decreased reproduction is a sublethal consequence of high temperatures, with males being more sensitive to this in many species. In hymenoptera, arrhenotokous parthenogenesis means that female offspring are produced using sperm and are thus diploid, while males are haploid. Consequently, sperm stocks in males and females (after copulation) are a key regulator of the sex ratio. Anisopteromalus calandrae is a parasitoid wasp in which males can suffer from subfertility due to a drastic decrease in sperm count after exposure to high temperatures during a critical early pupal stage. However, in this species spermatogenesis continues during adulthood, therefore the heat sensitivity of adult males remains to be studied. Laboratory studies were conducted on virgin and previously mated young adult males under control (30 °C) and heat shock (10 min at 48 °C) conditions to exhaust their initial sperm stock. After heat shock, in both virgin and already mated males, the individual sperm potential was half that of controls. Both groups continuously produced sperm, but sperm stock of heat shocked males' never reached that of the controls. Heat shock reduced survival at 10 days only in previously experienced males but had no impact on the mating ability in competition for a female compared to controls. Despite a reduced sperm count, heat shocked males had fully fertile spermatozoa. Such a physiological response to heat shock in a species with continuous sperm production could be of major interest for both wild populations in a context of temperature variations and parasitoid wasps introduced for agronomical purposes.
Collapse
|
32
|
Hidalgo K, Beaugeard E, Renault D, Dedeine F, Lécureuil C. Physiological and biochemical responses to thermal stress vary among genotypes in the parasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 117:103909. [PMID: 31295454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.103909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In ectotherm species such as insects, thermal fluctuations represent a major environmental factor driving development, survival and reproduction of individuals. Reproductive traits are particularly sensitive to heat stress that can induce a permanent sterility, or at least hypofertility, of adult males. This study aims to compare physiological and biochemical responses associated to male performances to an exposure of 24 h to moderately high temperature (36 °C) among three inbred lines of N. vitripennis (AsymC, Cor, Oul). Cor males showed very specific metabolic adjustments compared to the two other lines. By contrast, Oul males showed stronger phenotypic adjustment of its life cycle, and produced metabolic water to compensate water loss by heat stress. Finally, AsymC males had probably more difficulties to acclimate at 36 °C, even for a short period, as their adult longevity was significantly reduced. Thus, the ability of developmental plasticity in N. vitripennis males exposed to heat stress appears to be dependent of their genotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Hidalgo
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte UMR 7261 CNRS Université de Tours, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Parc Grandmont, Tours, France
| | - Erika Beaugeard
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte UMR 7261 CNRS Université de Tours, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Parc Grandmont, Tours, France
| | - David Renault
- Université de Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du Gal Leclerc, CS 74205 35042 Rennes Cedex, France; Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Franck Dedeine
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte UMR 7261 CNRS Université de Tours, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Parc Grandmont, Tours, France
| | - Charlotte Lécureuil
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte UMR 7261 CNRS Université de Tours, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Parc Grandmont, Tours, France.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Feng WB, Bong LJ, Dai SM, Neoh KB. Effect of imidacloprid exposure on life history traits in the agricultural generalist predator Paederus beetle: Lack of fitness cost but strong hormetic effect and skewed sex ratio. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 174:390-400. [PMID: 30849660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A trade-off between life history traits in the evolution of insecticide resistance is common in insects because energy acquisition is mainly channeled for detoxification enzyme production. In addition, sublethal exposure to insecticides may have an effect on the physiology and behaviors of surviving insects. Similar to other agricultural pests, pesticide use may have led to insecticide resistance in populations of Paederus fuscipes Curtis. In this study, we determined the median lethal time of 10 field-collected strains in Taiwan for three insecticides that are commonly employed to manage agricultural pests. We determined that the susceptibility of these strains to cyhalothrin and fenitrothion were similar, with resistance ratios (RRs) ranging from 1 to 4; however, significantly different to imidacloprid (RRs: 1-16). The effect of imidacloprid resistance on the life history traits studied of Paederus beetles was limited; only a prolonged egg incubation period, and adult longevity decreased as imidacloprid resistance increased. Regarding sublethal exposure to imidacloprid, adult sex ratios were female biased in most combinations, though nonsignificant. The quality of offspring, particularly the length of eggs significantly decreased. In addition, a hormetic effect was apparent when the individual was exposed to LT25 and LT50; mean fecundity per female increased from 12.80 ± 8.95 (± standard error [SE]) to 42.70 ± 13.77 eggs compared with that of the control (7.10 ± 1.32). However, the hormetic effect was inconsistent among the tested strains, possibly because of the difference in insecticide resistance levels given that reproductive compensation was absent among the resistant population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Feng
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 145, Xingda Rd. South District, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Jin Bong
- National Mosquito-borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institute, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shu-Mei Dai
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 145, Xingda Rd. South District, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Kok-Boon Neoh
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 145, Xingda Rd. South District, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Iossa G, Maury C, Fletcher RM, Eady PE. Temperature-induced developmental plasticity in Plodia interpunctella: Reproductive behaviour and sperm length. J Evol Biol 2019; 32:675-682. [PMID: 30916425 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In both plants and animals, male gametogenesis is particularly sensitive to heat stress, to the extent that a single hot or cold day can compromise crop productivity or population persistence. In animals, heat stress during development can impact a male's ability to secure copulations and/or his post-copulatory fertility. Despite such observations, relatively few studies have examined the consequences of developmental temperature on the reproductive behaviour and physiology of individuals. Here, we report for the first time the effects of developmental temperature on the phenotypic expression of both apyrene and eupyrene sperm and the copulatory behaviour of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella. We show that the length of both apyrene and eupyrene sperm decreases with increasing developmental temperature and that males are less likely to engage in copulation when reared at the highest and lowest temperatures. Where copulation occurred, the duration of copula decreased as male developmental temperature increased. We argue that identification of the mechanisms and consequences of reproductive failure in animals facing heat stress will help understand how wild and domesticated populations will respond to global climate change. We also contend that such studies will help elucidate long-standing evolutionary questions around the maintenance of genetic variation in traits highly relevant to fitness and the role of phenotypic plasticity in driving the evolution of novel traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graziella Iossa
- Joseph Banks Laboratories, School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Chloris Maury
- Joseph Banks Laboratories, School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Rachel M Fletcher
- Joseph Banks Laboratories, School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Paul E Eady
- Joseph Banks Laboratories, School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bodlah MA, Gu LL, Wang GR, Liu XD. Rice Leaf Folder Larvae Alter Their Shelter-Building Behavior and Shelter Structure in Response to Heat Stress. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:149-155. [PMID: 30321386 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral thermoregulation is a key strategy for insects to cope with heat stress. The rice leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae usually fold one leaf to construct a leaf shelter. The larvae are vulnerable to heat stress, and the temperature in summer is often beyond the optimal range of them. Shelters confer protection against environmental stress but unclear whether larvae will alter shelter-building behavior when encountering heat stress. We observed the shelter-building behavior of larvae during and after heat shock, and then examined the shape and structure of shelters. Larvae spent more time in selecting a site and building a shelter during and after heat shock than at the optimal temperature. More than 70% of larvae folded two or three leaves to build a shelter during and after heat shock, but more than 60% of larvae only folded one leaf at the optimal temperature. Larvae built more single-leaf longitudinal shelters at the optimal temperature, but they built more multileaf overlapping shelters during and after heat stress. Larvae constructed a short leaf shelter using a small amount of silk binds when they were exposed to 40°C for 4 h. The rice leaf folder larvae can alter their shelter-building behavior and shelter structure in response to heat stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adnan Bodlah
- College of Plant Protection, Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling-Ling Gu
- College of Plant Protection, Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gao-Rong Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
García‐Roa R, Chirinos V, Carazo P. The ecology of sexual conflict: Temperature variation in the social environment can drastically modulate male harm to females. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto García‐Roa
- Behaviour and Evolution Group, Ethology Lab, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology University of Valencia Valencia Spain
| | - Valeria Chirinos
- Behaviour and Evolution Group, Ethology Lab, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology University of Valencia Valencia Spain
| | - Pau Carazo
- Behaviour and Evolution Group, Ethology Lab, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology University of Valencia Valencia Spain
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Walsh BS, Parratt SR, Hoffmann AA, Atkinson D, Snook RR, Bretman A, Price TAR. The Impact of Climate Change on Fertility. Trends Ecol Evol 2019; 34:249-259. [PMID: 30635138 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Rising global temperatures are threatening biodiversity. Studies on the impact of temperature on natural populations usually use lethal or viability thresholds, termed the 'critical thermal limit' (CTL). However, this overlooks important sublethal impacts of temperature that could affect species' persistence. Here we discuss a critical but overlooked trait: fertility, which can deteriorate at temperatures less severe than an organism's lethal limit. We argue that studies examining the ecological and evolutionary impacts of climate change should consider the 'thermal fertility limit' (TFL) of species; we propose that a framework for the design of TFL studies across taxa be developed. Given the importance of fertility for population persistence, understanding how climate change affects TFLs is vital for the assessment of future biodiversity impacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S Walsh
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Authors contributed equally
| | - Steven R Parratt
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Authors contributed equally
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Atkinson
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rhonda R Snook
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amanda Bretman
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Tom A R Price
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Evans RK, Toews MD, Sial AA. Impact of short- and long-term heat stress on reproductive potential of Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae). J Therm Biol 2018; 78:92-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
39
|
De Souza AR, Barbosa LR, Passos JRDS, Castro BMDCE, Zanuncio JC, Wilcken CF. Longevity and survival of Leptocybe invasa (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), an invasive gall inducer on Eucalyptus, with different diets and temperatures. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5265. [PMID: 30065874 PMCID: PMC6064202 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The blue gum chalcid, Leptocybe invasa Fisher & LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), causes galls on Eucalyptus spp. leaf midribs, petioles and stems. Biological aspects need to be studied to assist in developing management strategies and to maintain this insect in the laboratory to rear the parasitoid Selitrichodes neseri Kelly & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) that depends on having a supply of Eucalyptus seedlings infested by L. invasa. We evaluated the longevity and survival of L. invasa individual non reproductive females fed with six different diets (pure honey, 50% honey solution, pure honey plus eucalyptus leaves, eucalyptus leaves, distilled water, or no food) and seven different temperatures (10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30 and 34 °C). Leptocybe invasa fed with 50% honey solution and reared at 14 or 18 °C showed the greatest longevity and survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Rodrigues De Souza
- Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Departamento de Proteção Vegetal, UNESP (São Paulo State University), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - José Raimundo de Souza Passos
- Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Bioestatística, UNESP (São Paulo State University), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - José Cola Zanuncio
- Departamento de Entomologia/ BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlos Frederico Wilcken
- Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Departamento de Proteção Vegetal, UNESP (São Paulo State University), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Poidatz J, Bressac C, Bonnard O, Thiéry D. Delayed sexual maturity in males of Vespa velutina. INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 25:679-689. [PMID: 28248003 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Vespa velutina var nigrithorax (Lepelletier, 1835) is an invasive predator of bees accidentally introduced in France in 2004, and it is having a serious impact on apiculture and ecosystems. Studying the reproduction of an invasive species is key to assess its population dynamic. This study explores the sexual maturation of V. velutina males and the evolution of their fertility. The main studied parameters were physiologic (spermiogenesis, spermatogenesis) and anatomic (testes size and structure, head width). Two populations of males were described based on their emergence period: early males in early summer or classic males in autumn. Each testis has an average of 108 testicular follicles. Spermatogenesis is synchronous, with only 1 sperm production wave, and completed, on average, at 10.3 d after emergence with the degeneration of the testes. The sperm counts in seminal vesicles of mature males are 3 × 106 in October/November and 0.8 × 106 in June. In comparison, females store 0.1 × 106 sperm in their spermathecae. The early males emerged from colonies made by fertilized queens. The reproductive potential of these early males seemed limited, and their function in the colony is discussed. The sperm stock evolution in autumn males suggests the occurrence of a reproductive pattern of male competition for the access to females and a single copulation per male. The synchronicity of male and foundress emergences and sexual maturation is of primary importance for the mating success and the future colony development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Poidatz
- INRA, UMR1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, ISVV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | | | - Olivier Bonnard
- INRA, UMR1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, ISVV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Denis Thiéry
- INRA, UMR1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, ISVV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Liu QN, Liu Y, Xin ZZ, Zhu XY, Ge BM, Li CF, Wang D, Bian XG, Yang L, Chen L, Tian JW, Zhou CL, Tang BP. A small heat shock protein 21 (sHSP21) mediates immune responses in Chinese oak silkworm Antheraea pernyi. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:1027-1031. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
42
|
Kang ZW, Liu FH, Liu X, Yu WB, Tan XL, Zhang SZ, Tian HG, Liu TX. The Potential Coordination of the Heat-Shock Proteins and Antioxidant Enzyme Genes of Aphidius gifuensis in Response to Thermal Stress. Front Physiol 2017; 8:976. [PMID: 29234290 PMCID: PMC5712418 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aphidius gifuensis is one of the most important aphid natural enemies and has been successfully used to control Myzys persicae and other aphid species. High temperature in summer is one of the key barriers for the application of A. gifuensis in the field and greenhouse. In this work, we investigated the biological performance of A. gifuensis and the response of heat-shock proteins and antioxidant enzymes under high temperature. The results showed that A. gifuensis could not survive at 40°C and female exhibited a higher survival in 35°C. Furthermore, the short term exposure to high temperature negatively affected the performance of A. gifuensis especially parasitism efficiency. Under short-term heating, the expression of AgifsHSP, Agifl(2)efl, AgifHSP70, AgifHSP70-4 and AgifHSP90 showed an increased trend, whereas AgifHSP10 initially increased and then decreased. In 35°C, the expressions of Agifl(2)efl, AgifHSP70-4 and AgifHSP90 in female were higher than those in male, whereas the expression of AgifHSP70 exhibited an opposite trend. Besides the HSPs, we also quantified the expression levels of 11 antioxidant enzyme genes: AgifPOD, AgifSOD1, AgifSOD2, AgifSOD3, AgifCAT1, AgifCAT2, AgifGST1, AgifGST2, AgifGST3, AgifGST4 and AgifGST5. We found that the sex-specific expression of AgifSOD2, AgifSOD3, AgifPOD, AgifGST1 and AgifGST3 were highly consistent with sex-specific heat shock survival rates at 35°C. Furthermore, when the temperature was above 30°C, the activities of GST, SOD, CAT and POD were significantly increased; however, there was no significant difference of the CAT activity between the male and female at 35°C. Collectively, all of these results suggested that the protection of thermal damage is coordinated by HSPs and antioxidant enzymes in A. gifuensis. Based on the heat tolerance abilities of many aphid natural enemies, we also discussed an integrated application strategy of many aphid enemies in summer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for the Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Fang-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Entomology Department, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Wen-Bo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for the Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Ze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for the Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hong-Gang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for the Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tong-Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for the Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ali A, Rashid MA, Huang QY, Wong C, Lei CL. Response of antioxidant enzymes in Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) exposed to thermal stress. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2017; 107:382-390. [PMID: 27809938 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485316001000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The oriental army worm Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a migratory pest in Eastern Asia and China. Seasonal high temperatures in Southern China and low temperatures in Northern China are pressures favouring the annual migration of this species, while cold tolerance determines the northern limit of its overwintering range. A number of physiological stress responses occur in insects as a result of variations in temperature. One reaction to thermal stress is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can be harmful by causing oxidative damage. The time-related effects (durations of 1, 4 and 7 h) of thermal stress treatments of M. separata at comparatively low (5, 10, 15 and 20°C) and high (30, 35, 40 and 45°C) temperatures on the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were determined. Thermal stress resulted in significant elevation of the activities of SOD, CAT and GSTs, indicating that these enzymes contribute to defence mechanisms counteracting oxidative damage caused by an increase in ROS. However, at high-temperatures, POX and T-AOC were also found to contribute to scavenging ROS. Our results also indicate that extreme temperatures lead to elevated ROS production in M. separata. The present study confirms that thermal stress can be responsible for oxidative damage. To overcome such stress, antioxidant enzymes play key roles in diminishing oxidative damage in M. separata.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Ali
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan,China
| | - M A Rashid
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan,China
| | - Q Y Huang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan,China
| | - C Wong
- Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology,lowa State University,Ames, Iowa,USA
| | - C-L Lei
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan,China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bedulina D, Meyer MF, Gurkov A, Kondratjeva E, Baduev B, Gusdorf R, Timofeyev MA. Intersexual differences of heat shock response between two amphipods ( Eulimnogammarus verrucosus and Eulimnogammarus cyaneus) in Lake Baikal. PeerJ 2017; 5:e2864. [PMID: 28243524 PMCID: PMC5322754 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute temperature fluctuations are common in surface waters, and aquatic organisms may manifest physiological responses to punctuated temperature spikes long before behavioral responses. Ectotherms, especially cryophilic stenotherms such as those endemic to Lake Baikal (Siberia), may demonstrate specialized physiological responses to acute temperature increases because their proteomes have evolved to function most efficiently at lower temperatures (e.g., <10 °C). Therefore, our study questioned the nature and degree of variation in physiological response to acute thermal stress in two congenerous, endemic Baikal amphipod species, Eulimnogammarus verrucosus and Eulimnogammarus cyaneus. We hypothesized that because interspecific and intersexual thermosensitivity varies significantly among ectotherms, there would be divergent intersexual and interspecific strategies to withstand acute thermal stress, manifested in different protein compositions and concentrations. We exposed individuals to the species’ respective LT50 for one hour followed by a three-hour recovery period. We then performed 1D-PAGE, Western blotting, 2D-PAGE, and Mass Spectrometry techniques and assessed relative intersexual and interspecific changes in proteomic composition and heat shock protein 70 level. Our results demonstrate that females tend to be more sensitive to an acute thermal stimulus than males, most likely because females allocate significant energy to reproduction and less to heat shock response, evidenced by females’ significantly lower LT50time. Lower level of Hsp70 was found in females of the thermosensitive E. verrucosus compared to males of this species. No intersexual differences were found in Hsp70 level in thermotolerant E. cyaneus. Higher levels of hemocyanin subunits and arginine kinase were found in E. cyaneus females after heat shock and recovery compared to males, which was not found for E. verrucosus, suggesting interspecific mechanisms for E. cyaneus’s higher thermotolerance. These differing responses between species and sexes of Baikal amphipods may reflect more general strategies for maintaining homeostatic conditions during acute thermal stress. As mean surface water temperatures increase worldwide, the net efficiency and efficacy of these strategies could give rise to long term changes in physiology, behavior, and interactions with other species, potentially precipitating population and community level alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Bedulina
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University , Irkutsk , Russia
| | - Michael F Meyer
- School of the Environment, Washington State University , Pullman , WA , USA
| | - Anton Gurkov
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia; Baikal Research Centre, Irkutsk, Russia
| | | | - Boris Baduev
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia; Baikal Research Centre, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Roman Gusdorf
- University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Qian Q, Gu LL, Liu XD. Can the Young Larvae of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Tolerate the Heat Stress in Summer? ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 46:125-130. [PMID: 28177080 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvw145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Qian
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China (; ; )
| | - Ling-Ling Gu
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China (; ; )
| | - Xiang-Dong Liu
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China (; ; )
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Singh K, Prasad NG. Evolution of pre- and post-copulatory traits in female Drosophila melanogaster as a correlated response to selection for resistance to cold stress. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 91-92:26-33. [PMID: 27317621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to low temperatures reduces gamete viability and fecundity in females of insect species like Drosophila. Hence, adaptation to cold stress can in principle involve modifications in reproductive traits in females. Studies on resistance to cold stress have mostly addressed the evolution of adult survivorship post cold shock. Very few studies have addressed the evolution of reproductive traits in females in response to cold stress. We have successfully selected replicate populations of Drosophila melanogaster for resistance to cold shock. After 50 generations of selection, we investigated pre- and post-copulatory traits i.e. mating latency, copulation duration, mating frequency and progeny production in female flies exposed to cold shock or control conditions. Post cold shock, females from the selected populations were better at recovery in terms of mating latency, mating success, and progeny production relative to females from the control populations. Performance of the two types of females was not different under control conditions. These findings clearly indicate that adaptation to cold stress involves rapid modification of the reproductive traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karan Singh
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, PO Manauli, Punjab 140306, India.
| | - Nagaraj Guru Prasad
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, PO Manauli, Punjab 140306, India.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Singh K, Samant MA, Tom MT, Prasad NG. Evolution of Pre- and Post-Copulatory Traits in Male Drosophila melanogaster as a Correlated Response to Selection for Resistance to Cold Stress. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153629. [PMID: 27093599 PMCID: PMC4836659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Drosophila melanogaster the fitness of males depends on a broad array of reproductive traits classified as pre- and post-copulatory traits. Exposure to cold stress, can reduce sperm number, male mating ability and courtship behavior. Therefore, it is expected that the adaptation to cold stress will involve changes in pre- and post-copulatory traits. Such evolution of reproductive traits in response to cold stress is not well studied. METHODS We selected replicate populations of D. melanogaster for resistance to cold shock. Over 37-46 generations of selection, we investigated pre- and post-copulatory traits such as mating latency, copulation duration, mating frequency, male fertility, fitness (progeny production) and sperm competitive ability in male flies subjected to cold shock and those not subjected to cold shock. RESULTS We found that post cold shock, the males from the selected populations had a significantly lower mating latency along with, higher mating frequency, fertility, sperm competitive ability and number of progeny relative to the control populations. CONCLUSION While most studies of experimental evolution of cold stress resistance have documented the evolution of survivorship in response to selection, our study clearly shows that adaptation to cold stress involves rapid changes in the pre- and post-copulatory traits. Additionally, improved performances under stressful conditions need not necessarily trade-off with performance under benign conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karan Singh
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, PO Manauli, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Manas Arun Samant
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, PO Manauli, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Megha Treesa Tom
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, PO Manauli, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Nagaraj Guru Prasad
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, PO Manauli, Punjab, 140306, India
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Egg Viability, Mating Frequency and Male Mating Ability Evolve in Populations of Drosophila melanogaster Selected for Resistance to Cold Shock. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129992. [PMID: 26065704 PMCID: PMC4466231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ability to resist temperature shock is an important component of fitness of insects and other ectotherms. Increased resistance to temperature shock is known to affect life-history traits. Temperature shock is also known to affect reproductive traits such as mating ability and viability of gametes. Therefore selection for increased temperature shock resistance can affect the evolution of reproductive traits. Methods We selected replicate populations of Drosophila melanogaster for resistance to cold shock. We then investigated the evolution of reproductive behavior along with other components of fitness- larval survivorship, adult mortality, fecundity, egg viability in these populations. Results We found that larval survivorship, adult mortality and fecundity post cold shock were not significantly different between selected and control populations. However, compared to the control populations, the selected populations laid significantly higher percentage of fertile eggs (egg viability) 24 hours post cold shock. The selected populations had higher mating frequency both with and without cold shock. After being subjected to cold shock, males from the selected populations successfully mated with significantly more non-virgin females and sired significantly more progeny compared to control males. Conclusions A number of studies have reported the evolution of survivorship in response to selection for temperature shock resistance. Our results clearly indicate that adaptation to cold shock can involve changes in components of reproductive fitness. Our results have important implications for our understanding of how reproductive behavior can evolve in response to thermal stress.
Collapse
|
49
|
Chirault M, Lucas C, Goubault M, Chevrier C, Bressac C, Lécureuil C. A combined approach to heat stress effect on male fertility in Nasonia vitripennis: from the physiological consequences on spermatogenesis to the reproductive adjustment of females mated with stressed males. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120656. [PMID: 25807005 PMCID: PMC4373853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, several studies have shown a decline in reproductive success in males in both humans and wildlife. Research on male fertility has largely focused on vertebrates, although invertebrates constitute the vast majority of terrestrial biodiversity. The reduction of their reproductive capacities due to environmental stresses can have strong negative ecological impacts, and also dramatic consequences on world food production if it affects the reproductive success of biological control agents, such as parasitic wasps used to control crop pests. Here Nasonia vitripennis, a parasitic wasp of various fly species, was studied to test the effects of 24h-heat stress applied during the first pupal stage on male fertility. Results showed that only primary spermatocytes were present at the first pupal stage in all cysts of the testes. Heat stress caused a delay in spermatogenesis during development and a significant decrease in sperm stock at emergence. Females mated with these heat-stressed males showed a reduce sperm count stored in their spermatheca. Females did not appear to distinguish heat-stressed from control males and did not remate more frequently to compensate for the lack of sperm transferred. As a result, females mated with heat-stressed males produced a suboptimal lifetime offspring sex ratio compared to those mated with control males. This could further impact the population dynamics of this species. N. vitripennis appears to be an interesting biological model to study the mechanisms of subfertility and its consequence on female reproductive strategies and provides new research perspectives in both invertebrates and vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlène Chirault
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, UMR 7261, Université François-Rabelais / CNRS, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Parc Grandmont, Tours, France
| | - Christophe Lucas
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, UMR 7261, Université François-Rabelais / CNRS, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Parc Grandmont, Tours, France
| | - Marlène Goubault
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, UMR 7261, Université François-Rabelais / CNRS, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Parc Grandmont, Tours, France
| | - Claude Chevrier
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, UMR 7261, Université François-Rabelais / CNRS, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Parc Grandmont, Tours, France
| | - Christophe Bressac
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, UMR 7261, Université François-Rabelais / CNRS, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Parc Grandmont, Tours, France
| | - Charlotte Lécureuil
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, UMR 7261, Université François-Rabelais / CNRS, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Parc Grandmont, Tours, France
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhang S, Fu W, Li N, Zhang F, Liu TX. Antioxidant responses of Propylaea japonica (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) exposed to high temperature stress. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 73:47-52. [PMID: 25614965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is one of the most important environmental factors, and is responsible for a variety of physiological stress responses in organisms. Induced thermal stress is associated with elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation leading to oxidative damage. The ladybeetle, Propylaea japonica (Thunberg) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), is considered a successful natural enemy because of its tolerance to high temperatures in arid and semi-arid areas in China. In this study, we investigated the effect of high temperatures (35, 37, 39, 41 and 43 °C) on the survival and activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidases (POD), glutathione-S-transferases (GST), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in P. japonica adults. The results indicated that P. japonica adults could not survive at 43 °C. CAT, GST and TAC were significantly increased when compared to the control (25 °C), and this played an important role in the process of antioxidant response to thermal stress. SOD and POD activity, as well as MDA, did not differ significantly at 35 and 37 °C compared to the control; however, there were increased levels of SOD, POD and MDA when the temperature was above 37 °C. These results suggest that thermal stress leads to oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes play important roles in reducing oxidative damage in P. japonica adults. This study represents the first comprehensive report on the antioxidant defense system in predaceous coccinellids (the third trophic level). The findings provide useful information for predicting population dynamics and understanding the potential for P. japonica as a natural enemy to control pest insects under varied environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shize Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of IPM of Crop Pests on the Northwest Loess Plateaus of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wenyan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of IPM of Crop Pests on the Northwest Loess Plateaus of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of IPM of Crop Pests on the Northwest Loess Plateaus of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Banjingcun, Haidian, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Tong-Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of IPM of Crop Pests on the Northwest Loess Plateaus of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|