1
|
Afzal MBS, Ijaz M, Abbas N, Shad SA, Serrão JE. Resistance of Lepidopteran Pests to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins: Evidence of Field and Laboratory Evolved Resistance and Cross-Resistance, Mode of Resistance Inheritance, Fitness Costs, Mechanisms Involved and Management Options. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:315. [PMID: 39057955 PMCID: PMC11281168 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16070315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins are potential alternatives to synthetic insecticides for the control of lepidopteran pests. However, the evolution of resistance in some insect pest populations is a threat and can reduce the effectiveness of Bt toxins. In this review, we summarize the results of 161 studies from 20 countries reporting field and laboratory-evolved resistance, cross-resistance, and inheritance, mechanisms, and fitness costs of resistance to different Bt toxins. The studies refer mainly to insects from the United States of America (70), followed by China (31), Brazil (19), India (12), Malaysia (9), Spain (3), and Australia (3). The majority of the studies revealed that most of the pest populations showed susceptibility and a lack of cross-resistance to Bt toxins. Factors that delay resistance include recessive inheritance of resistance, the low initial frequency of resistant alleles, increased fitness costs, abundant refuges of non-Bt, and pyramided Bt crops. The results of field and laboratory resistance, cross-resistance, and inheritance, mechanisms, and fitness cost of resistance are advantageous for predicting the threat of future resistance and making effective strategies to sustain the effectiveness of Bt crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Babar Shahzad Afzal
- Beekeeping & Hill Fruit Pests Research Station, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan;
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
| | - Mamuna Ijaz
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
| | - Naeem Abbas
- Pesticides and Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarfraz Ali Shad
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
| | - José Eduardo Serrão
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Vicosa, Vicosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xue D, Yang Y, Fang L, Wang S, Wu Y. Trehalose 6-phosphate synthase gene rdtps1 contributes to thermal acclimation in Rhyzopertha dominica. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:172. [PMID: 38350857 PMCID: PMC10863172 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica), a worldwide primary pest of stored grain, causes serious economic losses and threatens stored food safety. R. dominica can respond to changes in temperature, especially the adaptability to heat. In this study, transcriptome analysis of R. dominica exposed to different temperatures was performed to elucidate differences in gene expression and the underling molecular mechanism. RESULTS Isoform-sequencing generated 17,721,200 raw reads and yielded 20,416 full-length transcripts. A total of 18,880 (92.48%) transcripts were annotated. We extracted RNA from R. dominica reared at 5 °C (cold stress), 15 °C (cold stress), 27 °C (ambient temperature) and 40 °C (heat stress) for RNA-seq. Compared to those of control insects reared at 27 °C, 119, 342, and 875 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified at 5 °C, 15 °C, and 40 °C, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that pathways associated with "fatty acid metabolism", "fatty acid biosynthesis", "AMPK signaling pathway", "neuroactive ligand receptor interaction", and "longevity regulating pathway-multiple species" were significantly enriched. The functional annotation revealed that the genes encoding heat shock proteins (HSPs), fatty acid synthase (FAS), phospholipases (PLA), trehalose transporter (TPST), trehalose 6-phosphate synthase (TPS), and vitellogenin (Vg) were most likely involved in temperature regulation, which was also validated by RT-qPCR. Seven candidate genes (rdhsp1, rdfas1, rdpla1, rdtpst1, rdtps1, rdvg1, and rdP450) were silenced in the RNA interference (RNAi) assay. RNAi of each candidate gene suggested that inhibiting rdtps1 expression significantly decreased the trehalose level and survival rate of R. dominica at 40 °C. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that trehalose contributes to the high temperature resistance of R. dominica. Our study elucidates the molecular mechanisms underlying heat tolerance and provides a potential target for the pest management in R. dominica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dingrong Xue
- National Engineering Research Center of Grain Storage and Logistics, Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, No. 11 Baiwanzhuang Street, Xicheng District, 100037, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Grain Storage and Logistics, Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, No. 11 Baiwanzhuang Street, Xicheng District, 100037, Beijing, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Storage Security, School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liwei Fang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, 60612, Chicago, USA
| | - Shibo Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Grain Storage and Logistics, Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, No. 11 Baiwanzhuang Street, Xicheng District, 100037, Beijing, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Grain Storage and Logistics, Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, No. 11 Baiwanzhuang Street, Xicheng District, 100037, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Z, Yang Y, Li S, Ma W, Wang K, Soberón M, Yan S, Shen J, Francis F, Bravo A, Zhang J. JAK/STAT signaling regulated intestinal regeneration defends insect pests against pore-forming toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011823. [PMID: 38236820 PMCID: PMC10796011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
A variety of coordinated host-cell responses are activated as defense mechanisms against pore-forming toxins (PFTs). Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a worldwide used biopesticide whose efficacy and precise application methods limits its use to replace synthetic pesticides in agricultural settings. Here, we analyzed the intestinal defense mechanisms of two lepidopteran insect pests after intoxication with sublethal dose of Bt PFTs to find out potential functional genes. We show that larval intestinal epithelium was initially damaged by the PFTs and that larval survival was observed after intestinal epithelium regeneration. Further analyses showed that the intestinal regeneration caused by Cry9A protein is regulated through c-Jun NH (2) terminal kinase (JNK) and Janus tyrosine kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathways. JAK/STAT signaling regulates intestinal regeneration through proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells to defend three different Bt proteins including Cry9A, Cry1F or Vip3A in both insect pests, Chilo suppressalis and Spodoptera frugiperda. Consequently, a nano-biopesticide was designed to improve pesticidal efficacy based on the combination of Stat double stranded RNA (dsRNA)-nanoparticles and Bt strain. This formulation controlled insect pests with better effect suggesting its potential use to reduce the use of synthetic pesticides in agricultural settings for pest control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanchao Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Sirui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kui Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mario Soberón
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Shuo Yan
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Frederic Francis
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Alejandra Bravo
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gan C, Zhang Z, Jin Z, Wang F, Fabrick JA, Wu Y. Helicoverpa armigera ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCA2 is a functional receptor of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry2Ab toxin. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 197:105658. [PMID: 38072533 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline (Cry) proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are widely used in transgenic crops to control important insect pests. Bt crops have many benefits compared with traditional broad-spectrum insecticides, including improved pest control with reduced negative impacts on off-target organisms and fewer environmental consequences. Transgenic corn and cotton producing Cry2Ab Bt toxin are used globally to control several major lepidopteran pests, including the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera. Resistance to the Cry2Ab toxin and to Bt crops producing Cry2Ab is associated with mutations in the midgut ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCA2 gene in several lepidopterans. Gene-editing knockout has further shown that ABCA2 plays an important functional role in Cry2Ab intoxication. However, the precise role of ABCA2 in the mode of action of Cry2Ab has yet to be reported. Here, we used two in vitro expression systems to study the roles of the H. armigera ABCA2 (HaABCA2) protein in Cry2Ab intoxication. Cry2Ab bound to cultured Sf9 insect cells producing HaABCA2, resulting in specific and dose-dependent susceptibility to Cry2Ab. In contrast, Sf9 cells expressing recombinant mutant proteins missing at least one of the extracellular loop regions 1, 3, 4, and 6 or the intracellular loop containing nucleotide-binding domain 1 lost susceptibility to Cry2Ab, indicating these regions are important for receptor function. Consistent with these results, Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing recombinant HaABCA2 showed strong ion membrane flux in the presence of Cry2Ab, suggesting that HaABCA2 is involved in promoting pore formation during Cry2Ab intoxication. Together with previously published data, our results support HaABCA2 being an important receptor of Cry2Ab where it functions to promote intoxication in H. armigera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Gan
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zeng Jin
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Falong Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jeffrey A Fabrick
- USDA ARS, U.S. Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ, USA
| | - Yidong Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Naing ZL, Soe ET, Zhang C, Niu L, Tang J, Ding Z, Yu S, Lu J, Fang F, Liang G. Cadherin Is a Binding Protein but Not a Functional Receptor of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry2Ab in Helicoverpa armigera. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0062523. [PMID: 37378519 PMCID: PMC10370303 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00625-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Midgut receptors play a critical role in the specificity of Cry toxins for individual insect species. Cadherin proteins are essential putative receptors of Cry1A toxins in lepidopteran larvae. Cry2A family members share common binding sites in Helicoverpa armigera, and one of them, Cry2Aa, has been widely reported to interact with midgut cadherin. Here, we studied the binding interaction and functional role of H. armigera cadherin in the mechanism of Cry2Ab toxicity. A region spanning from cadherin repeat 6 (CR6) to the membrane-proximal region (MPR) of cadherin protein was produced as six overlapping peptides to identify the specific binding regions of Cry2Ab. Binding assays showed that Cry2Ab binds nonspecifically to peptides containing CR7 and CR11 regions in a denatured state but binds specifically only to CR7-containing peptides in the native state. The peptides CR6-11 and CR6-8 were transiently expressed in Sf9 cells to assess the functional role of cadherin. Cytotoxicity assays showed that Cry2Ab is not toxic to the cells expressing any of the cadherin peptides. However, ABCA2-expressing cells showed high sensitivity to Cry2Ab toxin. Neither increased nor decreased sensitivity to Cry2Ab was observed when the peptide CR6-11 was coexpressed with the ABCA2 gene in Sf9 cells. Instead, treating ABCA2-expressing cells with a mixture of Cry2Ab and CR6-8 peptides resulted in significantly reduced cell death compared with treatment with Cry2Ab alone. Moreover, silencing of the cadherin gene in H. armigera larvae showed no significant effect on Cry2Ab toxicity, in contrast to the reduced mortality in ABCA2-silenced larvae. IMPORTANCE To improve the efficiency of production of a single toxin in crops and to delay the evolution of insect resistance to the toxin, the second generation of Bt cotton, expressing Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab, was introduced. Understanding the mode action of the Cry proteins in the insect midgut and the mechanisms insects use to overcome these toxins plays a crucial role in developing measures to counter them. Extensive studies have been conducted on the receptors of Cry1A toxins, but relatively little has been done about those of Cry2Ab. By showing the nonfunctional binding of cadherin protein with Cry2Ab, we have furthered the understanding of Cry2Ab receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaw Lin Naing
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ei Thinzar Soe
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linlin Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinrong Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongwei Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siqi Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengyun Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gemei Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yao Z, Jin H, Li C, Ma W, Zhang W, Lin Y. Knockdown of Dcr1 and Dcr2 limits the lethal effect of C-factor in Chilo suppressalis. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 113:e22004. [PMID: 36780173 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dicer is a highly conserved ribonuclease in evolution. It belongs to the RNase III family and can specifically recognize and cleave double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). In this study, the genome and transcriptome of Chilo suppressalis were analyzed, and it was found that there were two members in the Dicer family, named Dcr1 and Dcr2. The dsRNAs of Dcr1 and Dcr2 genes were synthesized and fed to C. suppressalis larvae. The C-factor of C. suppressalis was selected as the marker gene. The results showed that both Dcr1 and Dcr2 genes were significantly knocked down. The larval mortality was significantly reduced by 43.50% (p < 0.05) after feeding on dsC-factor and dsDcr1. The transcription levels of C-factor genes were significantly increased by 33.95% (p < 0.05) and 32.94% (p < 0.05) when the larvae fed with dsDcr2 + dsC-factor for 72 h and 96 h, respectively. Furthermore, the mortality was significantly decreased by 79% (p < 0.05) after feeding dsC-factor and dsDcr2. These findings imply that Dcr1 can decrease the lethal effect of C-factor gene but cannot affect its RNAi efficiency and Dcr2 can decrease the lethal effect of C-factor gene by inhibiting RNAi efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuotian Yao
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huihui Jin
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Changyan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weihua Ma
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Queiroz PR, Posso MC, Martins ÉS, Grynberg P, Togawa R, Monnerat RG. Identification of cry genes in Bacillus thuringiensis by multiplex real-time PCR. J Microbiol Methods 2023; 205:106665. [PMID: 36592897 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis is an important bacterium of the group Bacillus cereus sensu lato due to its insecticidal properties. This microorganism has high genetic variability and its strains produce different Cry toxins, known as δ-endotoxins, which are mainly responsible for its toxic effect on insects that are agricultural pests or vector human diseases. Each strain can express a variety of cry genes, out of a total of 789 cry genes described so far. The detection of these genes is very important to characterize strains, as they may indicate their toxic potential. Several methods have been used to characterize B. thuringiensis strains, but one of the most common techniques is Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) from primers that detect the presence of cry genes. This technique has been optimized to make real-time multiplex quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays faster, more efficient, and safer, because the presence of three genes can be detected in a single reaction. In this work, a multiplex assay was developed to identify the presence of genes from the cry1A, cry1C, and cry1F families whose respective toxins are present in both bioinsecticides, and commercial transgenic plants used to control caterpillars. Specific primers were designed to identify the families of the cited genes and the system was validated with samples that were sequenced by next-generation sequencing (NGS). The system was implemented and used to characterize 214 strains. Of these, eight were submitted to conventional PCR, and the results matched, again validating the system. Thus, the application of the proposed technique allows the reliable evaluation through this system to detect the presence of the genes of the families cry1A, cry1C, and cry1F in samples of B. thuringiensis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Roberto Queiroz
- CEUB 707/907 - Campus Universitário, SEPN - Asa Norte, Brasília, DF 70790-075, Brasil.
| | - Marina Cassago Posso
- Laboratório de Bactérias Entomopatogênicas, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, Brasil
| | | | - Priscila Grynberg
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, Brasil
| | - Roberto Togawa
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, Brasil
| | - Rose Gomes Monnerat
- Laboratório de Bactérias Entomopatogênicas, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Niu L, Yan H, Sun Y, Zhang D, Ma W, Lin Y. Nanoparticle facilitated stacked-dsRNA improves suppression of the Lepidoperan pest Chilo suppresallis. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 187:105183. [PMID: 36127045 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, gene knockdown technology using double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) has been widely used as an environment-friendly pest control strategy, but its instability and limited cellular uptake have limited its overall effect. Studies have shown that the efficiency of single dsRNA can be improved by using various nanomaterials. However, the effect of stacked-dsRNA wrapped by nanomaterial on pests remains unclear. In the present study, both CYP15C1 and C-factor genes were cloned from the midgut of C. suppressalis, and the transcript of C-factor is most highly expressed in heads. Feeding a dsCYP15C1 or dsC-factor - nanomaterial mixture can downregulate the gene expression and significantly increase larval mortality. More importantly, feeding the stacked-dsRNA wrapped by nanomaterial can significantly increase the mortality of C. suppressalis, compared with feeding dsCYP15C1 or dsC-factor - nanomaterial mixture alone. These results showed that CYP15C1 and C-factor could be potential targets for an effective management of C. suppressalis, and we developed a nanoparticle-facilitated stacked-dsRNA strategy in the control of C. suppresallis. Our research provides a theoretical basis for gene function analysis and field pest control, and will promote the application of RNAi technology in the stacked style of pest control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Niu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Haixia Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, China
| | - Yajie Sun
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Delin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, China
| | - Weihua Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shen C, Li YH, Lin MM, Zhang JZ, Wang J, Gao MJ, Zhang X, Hu XD, Liu Y, Liu XJ. Identifying the Epitopes of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry2Aa Toxin Involved in Cadherin Interaction by a Monoclonal Antibody. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 195:2709-2718. [PMID: 36074237 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04162-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are a useful tool for assistance to map the binding epitopes in Bacillus thuringiensis Cry toxins and their receptors, and even determine how receptors promote toxicity. In this work, a monoclonal antibody (mAb-1D2) was produced by the hybridoma cell line raised against Cry2Aa toxins, with a half inhibition concentration (IC50) of 9.16 μg/mL. The affinity constant of two recombinant toxin-binding fragments derived from Helicoverpa armigera and Plutella xylostella cadherin-like protein (HaCad-TBR or PxCad-TBR) to Cry2Aa toxin was measured to be 1.21 μM and 1.24 μM, respectively. Competitive ELISA showed that mAb-1D2 competed with HaCad-TBR or PxCad-TBR binding to Cry2Aa. Meanwhile, the toxicity of the Cry2Aa toxin to the H. armigera and P. xylostella larvae were greatly reduced when the toxin was mixed with mAb-1D2, which indicated that cadherin may play an important functional role in the toxicity of Cry2Aa. After transforming mAb-1D2 to a single-chain variable fragment (scFv), the hot spot residues of Cry2Aa with 1D2-scFv, PxCad-TBR, and HaCad-TBR were analyzed by molecular docking. It was demonstrated that the hot spot residues of Cry2Aa involving with 1D2-scFv interaction were mainly in Domain II, and some residues in Domain I. Moreover, mAb-1D2 and the two cadherin fragments shared the common hot spot residues on Cry2Aa, which could explain mAb-1D2 inhibited Cry2Aa binding with cadherin fragments. This monoclonal antibody could be a useful tool for identifying the binding epitopes between Cry2Aa and cadherin, and even assist to analyze the roles of cadherin in Cry2Aa toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Shen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yi-Hang Li
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Man-Man Lin
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jiang-Zhao Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Mei-Jing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Xian-Jin Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dutta TK, Veeresh A, Phani V, Kundu A, Santhoshkumar K, Mathur C, Sagar D, Sreevathsa R. Molecular characterization and functional analysis of Cry toxin receptor-like genes from the model insect Galleria mellonella. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 31:434-446. [PMID: 35266587 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Crystal (Cry) toxins produced from the soil bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), have gained worldwide attention for long due to their insecticidal potential. A number of receptor proteins located on the epithelial cells of the larval midgut were shown to be crucial for Cry intoxication in different insect pests belonging to order Lepidoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera. A beehive pest, Galleria mellonella, serves as an excellent insect model for biochemical research. However, information on the Cry receptor-like genes in G. mellonella is limited. In the present study, the full-length sequences of four putative Cry receptor genes (ABC transporter, alkaline phosphatase, aminopeptidase N and cadherin) were cloned from G. mellonella. All these receptor genes were substantially upregulated in the midgut tissue of fourth-instar G. mellonella larvae upon early exposure (6 h) to a sub-lethal dose of Cry1AcF toxin. Oral and independent delivery of bacterially-expressed dsRNAs corresponding to four receptor genes in G. mellonella suppressed the transcription of target receptors which in turn significantly reduced the larval sensitivity to Cry1AcF toxin. As the laboratory populations of G. mellonella develop Bt resistance in a relatively short time, molecular characterization of Cry receptor genes in G. mellonella performed in the present study may provide some useful information for future research related to the genetic basis of Bt resistance in the model insect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tushar K Dutta
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Arudhimath Veeresh
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Victor Phani
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Dakshin Dinajpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Artha Kundu
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Chetna Mathur
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Doddachowdappa Sagar
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sf-FGFR and Sf-SR-C Are Not the Receptors for Vip3Aa to Exert Insecticidal Toxicity in Spodoptera frugiperda. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13060547. [PMID: 35735884 PMCID: PMC9224979 DOI: 10.3390/insects13060547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and biochemical analysis show that knocking out the Sf-FGFR or Sf-SR-C gene will not change the sensitivity of Spodoptera frugiperda to Vip3Aa. Abstract Vip3Aa is a novel insecticidal protein secreted by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) during its vegetative growth stages. It has high insecticidal activity against lepidopteran pests such as Spodoptera frugiperda, and has no cross-resistance with Cry insecticidal proteins. As a new type of insecticide, it plays an important role in controlling agricultural pests. However, the insecticidal mechanism of the Vip3Aa toxin, especially its definite receptors, have not been fully revealed. In this study, the previously reported Vip3Aa receptor genes Sf-FGFR and Sf-SR-C were knocked out separately using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Bioassay results showed that the sensitivity of these two knockout strains to Vip3Aa were not significantly changed compared to that of the normal strain. The current results are not consistent with the previously reports that Sf-SR-C and Sf-FGFR were the receptors of Vip3Aa in vitro. This suggests that the Sf-SR-C and Sf-FGFR genes we tested may not be critical in the mode of action of Vip3Aa in vivo in Spodoptera frugiperda.
Collapse
|
12
|
Cheng Q, Yu X, Xiong Z, Wan Z, Li Y, Ma W, Tan W, Liu M, Shea KJ. Abiotic Synthetic Antibodies to Target a Specific Protein Domain and Inhibit Its Function. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:19178-19191. [PMID: 35442625 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry proteins are widely used in insect pest control. Despite their economic benefits, remaining concerns over potential ecological and health risks warrant their ongoing surveillance. Affinity reagents, most often antibodies, protein scaffolds, and aptamers, are the traditional tools used for protein binding and detection. We report a synthetic antibody (SA) alternative to traditional biological affinity reagents for binding Bt Cry proteins. Analysis of hotspots of the Bt Cry protein-insect midgut cadherin-like receptor complexes was used for the design of the SA. The SA was selected from a small focused library of hydrogel copolymers containing functional monomers complementary to key exposed hotspots of Bt Cry proteins. A directed chemical evolution identified a SA, APhe-NP23, with affinity and selectivity for Bt Cry1Ab/Ac proteins. The putative intermolecular polymer-protein interfaces were identified by the SA's uptake of Bt Cry1Ac pepsin hydrolysates, binding epitope mutation studies, and protein-protein inhibition studies of the toxin binding to its native insect receptor binding domains. The SA inhibitor binds to the same protein domains as the insect's cadherin-like receptors, Bt-R1 and SeCad1b. The SA binds rapidly to Bt Cry1Ab/Ac with high capacity, is pH-responsive, and is synthesized reproducibly. We believe that a hotspot-directed approach is general for creation of abiotic protein affinity reagents that target functional protein domains. Affinity ligands are typically high-information content biologicals. Their structure and function are determined from their amino acid or oligo sequence. In contract, the SA described in this work is a statistical copolymer that lacks sequence specificity. These results are an important contribution to the concept that randomness and biospecificity are not mutually exclusive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaolian Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Xiaoyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Zhouxuan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Zihao Wan
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Weihua Ma
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Wenfeng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Mingming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Kenneth J Shea
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mao C, Zhu X, Wang P, Sun Y, Huang R, Zhao M, Hull JJ, Lin Y, Zhou F, Chen H, Ma W. Transgenic double-stranded RNA rice, a potential strategy for controlling striped stem borer (Chilo suppressalis). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:785-792. [PMID: 34713554 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the striped stem borer (SSB, Chilo suppressalis Walker) is a devastating pest of rice that causes significant economic losses, management options are currently limited. Plant-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) is an emerging crop protection technique in which transgenic plants are modified to express insect-specific double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) that trigger RNAi silencing in target pests. RESULT In this study, an RNAi-based screen of 35 candidate SSB genes identified a small heat shock protein gene (CssHsp) as a potential plant-based RNAi target. To assess its utility in planta, a total of 39 transgenic rice plants were generated, with 11 independent transformants found to contain a single copy of the dsCssHsp expression cassette. In life-time feeding bioassays, three transgenic lines (DS10, DS35, DS36) were found to have significant negative impacts on SSB populations. After feeding for 8 days, mortality in the three transgenic lines exceeded 60%. By pupation, mortality further increased to 90% and few SSB survived to eclosion. Gene expression analyses confirmed that CssHsp transcript levels were significantly reduced after feeding on the transgenic dsCssHsp rice. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the potential for developing a plant-mediated RNAi strategy targeting CssHsp as a more biorational field-based approach for SSB control. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Mao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yajie Sun
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Renliang Huang
- Nanchang Subcenter of Rice National Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Rice Physiology and Genetics of Jiangxi Province, Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Mingchao Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - J Joe Hull
- Pest Management and Biocontrol Research Unit, US Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Services, Maricopa, AZ, USA
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weihua Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhong J, Fang S, Gao M, Lu L, Zhang X, Zhu Q, Liu Y, Jurat-Fuentes JL, Liu X. Evidence of a shared binding site for Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac and Cry2Aa toxins in Cnaphalocrocis medinalis cadherin. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 31:101-114. [PMID: 34637177 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Insect midgut cadherins function as receptors and play critical roles as protein receptors of insecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins used as biopesticides and in Bt transgenic crops worldwide. Here, we cloned and characterized the full-length midgut cadherin (CmCad) cDNA from the rice leaffolder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis), a destructive pest of rice in many Asian countries. Expression of recombinant proteins corresponding to the extracellular domain of CmCad allowed testing binding of Cry proteins. Results from in vitro ligand blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays supported that the extracellular domain of CmCad contains regions recognized by both Cry1Ac and Cry2Aa. Molecular modelling and docking simulations indicated that binding to both Cry1Ac and Cry2Aa is localized primarily within a CmCad motif corresponding to residues T1417-D1435. A recombinant CmCad protein produced without residues T1417-D1435 lacked binding to Cry1Ac and Cry2Aa, confirmed our modelling predictions that CmCad has a shared Cry1Ac and Cry2Aa binding site. The potential existence of a shared binding region in CmCad suggests that caution should be taken when using combinations of Cry1Ac and Cry2Aa in pyramided transgenic rice, as their combined use could speed the evolution of resistance to both toxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - S Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - M Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - L Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - X Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Q Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Y Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - J L Jurat-Fuentes
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - X Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang M, Ma Y, Luo J, Ji J, Gao X, Wu C, Zhu X, Wang L, Zhang K, Li D, Wang L, Niu L, Cui J. Transgenic insect-resistant Bt cotton expressing Cry1Ac/1Ab does not harm the insect predator Geocoris pallidipennis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 230:113129. [PMID: 34979310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The large-scale commercial cultivation of genetically modified (GM) cotton has brought significant economic and environmental benefits. However, GM crops must undergo strict environmental monitoring and long-term observation. An important natural enemy insect in cotton fields, Geocoris pallidipennis, can ingest the Bt protein expressed in GM cotton by feeding on herbivorous insects that feed on the cotton. However, the potential risk of GM cotton to G. pallidipennis is still unclear. We here evaluated the effects of Bt cotton expressing the Cry1Ac/1Ab protein on nymphs and adults G. pallidipennis. Cry1Ac protein was detected in the midgut of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, after it ingested Bt cotton, and in the midgut of G. pallidipennis nymphs and adults preying on Bt-fed H. armigera. However, the survival rate, growth, development, and fecundity of G. pallidipennis were not adversely affected. Furthermore, G. pallidipennis cadherins, and those genes related to detoxification, antioxidant activity, nutrient utilization, and immune function were not differentially expressed in response to Cry1Ac exposure. Finally, we showed that Cry1Ac could not bind to brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) proteins in G. pallidipennis nymphs or adults. In summary, these results indicate that the potential negative effect of transgenic Cry1Ac/1Ab cotton on the insect redator G. pallidipennis is negligible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yamin Ma
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Junyu Luo
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Jichao Ji
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Xueke Gao
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Changcai Wu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Xiangzhen Zhu
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Kaixin Zhang
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Dongyang Li
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Lisha Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Lin Niu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Jinjie Cui
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hafeez M, Ullah F, Khan MM, Li X, Zhang Z, Shah S, Imran M, Assiri MA, Fernández-Grandon GM, Desneux N, Rehman M, Fahad S, Lu Y. Metabolic-based insecticide resistance mechanism and ecofriendly approaches for controlling of beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:1746-1762. [PMID: 34709552 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16974-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The beet army worm, Spodoptera exigua, is a widely distributed polyphagous pest of economically important crops worldwide. The management of this pest insect continues to face many challenges. Despite synthetic chemicals posing a serious threat to the environment, these remain the conventional approach for controlling S. exigua in the field. An over-reliance on chemical control has not only led to selection for resistance to insecticides and to a reduction of natural enemies, but has also polluted various components of ecosystem. Given these increasing pressures on the ecosystem, there is a need to implement integrated pest management (IPM) approaches exploiting a wider range of tools (biotechnological approaches, microbial control, biological control, cultural control, and use of host plant resistance) for an alternative to chemical control. The IPM approach can not only reduce the hazard of chemical residues in the environment and associated health problems, but may also provide best strategies to control insect pests. This review synthesizes published information on insecticide resistance of S. exigua and explores alternative IPM approaches to control S. exigua.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hafeez
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats To the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Farman Ullah
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Muhammad Musa Khan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats To the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats To the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Sakhawat Shah
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Assiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nicolas Desneux
- UMR ISA, Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, 06000, Nice, France
| | - Muzammal Rehman
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, Yunnan, China
| | - Shah Fahad
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
- Department of Agronomy, University of Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 22620, Pakistan.
| | - Yaobin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats To the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yao X, Liu C, Duan Y, An S, Wei J, Liang G. ABCC2 is a functional receptor of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ca in Spodoptera litura. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:9-16. [PMID: 34861271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spodoptera litura is a serious polyphagous pest in the whole world, which has developed resistance to most conventional insecticides and even some Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins. Cry1Ca has excellent insecticide activity against S. litura with potential application to control S. litura and delay the development of insect resistance. However, the mode of action of Cry1Ca in S. litura is poorly understood. Here, Cry1Ca-binding proteins were identified from S. litura by using pull down assays and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results indicated that aminopeptidase-N (APN), ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 (ABCC2), polycalin, actin and V-type proton ATPase subunit A may bind with Cry1Ca. Further study confirmed that ABCC2 fragment expressed in vitro can bind to Cry1Ca as demonstrated by Ligand blot and homologous competition experiments. The over-expression of endogenous SlABCC2 in Sf9 cells increased Cry1Ca cytotoxicity. Correspondingly, the vivo loss of function analyses by SlABCC2 small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in S. litura larvae decreased the toxicity of Cry1Ca to larvae. Altogether, these results show that ABCC2 of S. litura is a functional receptor that is involved in the action mode of Cry1Ca.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yao
- State key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yunpeng Duan
- State key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Shiheng An
- State key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jizhen Wei
- State key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Gemei Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Roy MC, Kim Y. Toll signal pathway activating eicosanoid biosynthesis shares its conserved upstream recognition components in a lepidopteran Spodoptera exigua upon infection by Metarhizium rileyi, an entomopathogenic fungus. J Invertebr Pathol 2021; 188:107707. [PMID: 34952100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Eicosanoids play crucial roles in mediating immune responses in insects. Upon a fungal infection, Toll signal pathway can mediate immune responses of Spodoptera exigua, a lepidopteran insect, by activating eicosanoid biosynthesis. However, upstream signal components of the Toll signal pathway activating eicosanoid biosynthesis remain unclear. This study predicted pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and serine proteases (SPs) as upstream components of the Toll pathway with reference to known signal components of Manduca sexta, another lepidopteran insect. S. exigua infected with Metarhizium rileyi, an entomopathogenic fungus, activated phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and phenoloxidase (PO) enzymes along with marked increases of expression levels of genes encoding three specific antimicrobial peptides, cecropin, gallerimycin, and hemolin. Among ten Toll receptors encoded in the genome of S. exigua, seven Toll genes were associated with immune responses against fungal infection by M. rileyi through individual RNA interference (RNAi) screening. In addition, two Spätzles (ligands of Toll receptor) were required for Toll signaling against the fungal infection. All predicted upstream components of the Toll pathway were inducible by the fungal infection. Individual RNAi screening showed that three PRRs (βGRP-1, βGRP-2, and GNBP3) and five SPs (ModSP, HP21, HP5, HP6, and HP8) were required for immune responses of S. exigua mediated by Toll signal pathway against the fungal infection. However, two PO-activating proteases (PAP1 and PAP3) were not required for PLA2 activation, although they were required for PO activation. These results suggest that PRRs and SPs conserved as upstream components in Toll signal pathway play crucial roles in triggering eicosanoid biosynthesis of S. exigua to mediate various immune responses against fungal infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miltan Chandra Roy
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonggyun Kim
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dutta TK, Veeresh A, Mathur C, Phani V, Mandal A, Sagar D, Nebapure SM. The induced knockdown of GmCAD receptor protein encoding gene in Galleria mellonella decreased the insect susceptibility to a Photorhabdus akhurstii oral toxin. Virulence 2021; 12:2957-2971. [PMID: 34882066 PMCID: PMC8667893 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.2006996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Photorhabdus bacteria secrete a repertoire of protein toxins that can kill the host insect. Among them, toxin complex (Tc) proteins have gained significant attention due to their wider conservation across the different bacterial genera. In our laboratory, a C-terminal domain of TcaB protein was characterized from P. akhurstii bacterium that conferred the potent oral insecticidal effect on Galleria mellonella. However, the role of insect gut receptors in the TcaB intoxication process was yet to be investigated. In the current study, we examined the transcription of candidate midgut receptors in TcaB-infected larvae and subsequently cloned a cadherin-like gene, GmCAD, from G. mellonella. GmCAD was highly transcribed in the fourth-instar larval stage and specifically in the midgut tissues. Our ligand blot and binding ELISA assays indicated that TcaB binds to the truncated peptides from the GmCAD transmembrane-proximal region with greater affinity than that from the transmembrane-distal region. Oral administration of bacterially expressed GmCAD dsRNA in G. mellonella severely attenuated the expression of target mRNA, which in turn alleviated the negative effect of TcaB on insect survival (TcaB-induced mortality in CAD dsRNA pretreated larvae reduced by 72-83% compared to control), implying the association of GmCAD in the TcaB intoxication process. Present findings form a basis of future research related to the insect gut receptor interactions with Photorhabdus toxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tushar K. Dutta
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Arudhimath Veeresh
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Chetna Mathur
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Victor Phani
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Dakshin Dinajpur, India
| | - Abhishek Mandal
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Doddachowdappa Sagar
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Suresh M. Nebapure
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jin H, Abouzaid M, Lin Y, Hull JJ, Ma W. Cloning and RNAi-mediated three lethal genes that can be potentially used for Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) management. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 174:104828. [PMID: 33838721 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) has gained attention in recent years as a viable pest control strategy. Here, RNAi assays were performed to screen the potential functionality of genes in Chilo suppressalis, a serious pest of rice, and to determine their potential for developing a highly targeted molecular control approach. Potential homologs of NADH dehydrogenase (ND), glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and male specific lethal 3 (MSL3) were cloned from C. suppressalis, and their spatiotemporal gene expression evaluated. The expression of all three genes was higher in the pupal and adult stages than the larval stages and largely higher in the larval head compared to other tissues. Newly hatched larvae exhibited high mortalities and suppressed growth when fed bacteria producing double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) corresponding to the three target genes. This study provides insights into the function of ND, GPDH and MSL3 during C. suppressalis larval development and suggests that all may be candidate gene targets for C. suppressalis pest management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Mostafa Abouzaid
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - J Joe Hull
- Pest Management and Biocontrol Research Unit, US Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Services, Maricopa, AZ 85138, USA
| | - Weihua Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sun Y, Wang P, Abouzaid M, Zhou H, Liu H, Yang P, Lin Y, Hull JJ, Ma W. Nanomaterial-wrapped dsCYP15C1, a potential RNAi-based strategy for pest control against Chilo suppressalis. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:2483-2489. [PMID: 32061016 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the utility of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-mediated knockdown as an environmentally friendly pest management strategy has gained traction in recent years, its overall efficacy has been limited by poor stability and limited cellular uptake. Encapsulation of dsRNAs with various nanomaterials, however, has shown promise in overcoming these limitations. This study sought to investigate the biological efficacy of an oral dsRNA nanomaterial mixture targeting the CYP15C1 gene product in the economically important rice pest, Chilo suppressalis. RESULTS A putative CYP15C1 ortholog was cloned from C. suppressalis midguts. The transcript is downregulated in fifth-instar larvae and is most highly expressed in heads. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of CsCYP15C1 was associated with significantly increased mortality. More importantly, feeding a dsRNA-nanomaterial mixture significantly increased larval mortality compared with feeding dsRNA alone. CONCLUSION A critical role for CsCYP15C1 function in molting is supported by sequence similarity with known juvenile hormone epoxidases, its expression profile, and abnormal molting phenotypes associated with RNA-mediated knockdown. CsCYP15C1 is thus a prime target for controlling C. suppressalis. Furthermore, RNAi-mediated characterization of candidate gene function can be enhanced by incorporating an enveloping nanomaterial. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mostafa Abouzaid
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Yang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, China
| | - J Joe Hull
- U.S. Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Agricultural Research Service, Department of Agriculture, Maricopa, AZ, USA
| | - Weihua Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
The Cadherin Protein Is Not Involved in Susceptibility to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab or Cry1Fa Toxins in Spodoptera frugiperda. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12060375. [PMID: 32517191 PMCID: PMC7354596 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12060375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that insect larval midgut cadherin protein serves as a receptor of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crystal Cry1Ac or Cry1Ab toxins, since structural mutations and downregulation of cad gene expression are linked with resistance to Cry1Ac toxin in several lepidopteran insects. However, the role of Spodoptera frugiperda cadherin protein (SfCad) in the mode of action of Bt toxins remains elusive. Here, we investigated whether SfCad is involved in susceptibility to Cry1Ab or Cry1Fa toxins. In vivo, knockout of the SfCad gene by CRISPR/Cas 9 did not increase tolerance to either of these toxins in S. frugiperda larvae. In vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that cultured insect TnHi5 cells expressing GFP-tagged SfCad did not increase susceptibility to activated Cry1Ab or Cry1Fa toxins. In contrast, expression of another well recognized Cry1A receptor in this cell line, the ABCC2 transporter, increased the toxicity of both Cry1Ab and Cry1Fa toxins, suggesting that SfABCC2 functions as a receptor of these toxins. Finally, we showed that the toxin-binding region of SfCad did not bind to activated Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, nor Cry1Fa. All these results support that SfCad is not involved in the mode of action of Cry1Ab or Cry1Fa toxins in S. frugiperda.
Collapse
|
23
|
Huang J, Xu Y, Zuo Y, Yang Y, Tabashnik BE, Wu Y. Evaluation of five candidate receptors for three Bt toxins in the beet armyworm using CRISPR-mediated gene knockouts. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 121:103361. [PMID: 32199887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) can provide safe and effective control of some major pests, but evolution of resistance by pests diminishes these benefits. Better understanding of the genetics and mechanisms of resistance is urgently needed to improve methods for monitoring, managing, and countering pest resistance to Bt toxins. Here we used CRISPR-mediated knockouts to evaluate the role of five genes encoding candidate Bt toxin receptors in Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm), a devastating pest of vegetable, field and flower crops. We compared susceptibility to Bt toxins Cry1Ac, Cry1Fa, and Cry1Ca between the parent susceptible strain and each of five strains homozygous for the knockout of one of the candidate genes (SeAPN1, SeCad1, SeABCC1, SeABCC2 or SeABCC3). The results from the 15 pairwise comparisons reveal that SeABCC2 has a major role and SeCad1 a minor role in mediating toxicity of Cry1Ac and Cry1Fa. SeABCC2 also has a minor role in toxicity of Cry1Ca. In addition, the results imply little or no role for the other three candidate receptors in toxicity of Cry1Ac or Cry1Fa; or for the four candidate receptors other than SeABCC2 in toxicity of Cry1Ca.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianlei Huang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yanjun Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yayun Zuo
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yihua Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Bruce E Tabashnik
- Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
| | - Yidong Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhou H, Hu W, Huang Q, Abouzaid M, Jin H, Sun Y, Qiu L, Zhang W, Lin Y, Ma W. Knockdown of cadherin genes decreases susceptibility of Chilo suppressalis larvae to Bacillus thuringiensis produced Crystal toxins. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 29:301-308. [PMID: 31908051 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The striped rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis Walker, is one of the most destructive rice pests in Asia. Insecticidal crystal proteins (Cry toxins) produced by Bacillus thuringiensis are widely used as biopesticides or in developing transgenic crops for pest management. In this study, we tested the involvement of two newly cloned C. suppressalis cadherins (CsCAD3 and CsCAD4) in the toxicity of Cry1Ab/Ac, Cry2Aa and Cry1Ca. Our results showed that CsCAD4 was expressed highest in the midgut, whereas CsCAD3 was expressed highest in the epidermis. The feeding of double-stranded RNA specific to CsCAD3 and CsCAD4 respectively significantly suppressed the expressions of target gene. The knockdown of CsCAD3 significantly reduced the mortality of larvae to Cry1Ab/Ac, whereas knockdown of CsCAD4 significantly decreased the larval susceptibility to Cry2Aa. In contrast, reduced expressions of CsCAD3 or CsCAD4 were not interacted with larval susceptibility to Cry1Ca. Our results suggest that CsCAD3 and CsCAD4 function in Cry toxin toxicity and these findings will help us to better understand the action mechanism of Cry toxins in C. suppressalis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - W Hu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Q Huang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - M Abouzaid
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - H Jin
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Y Sun
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - L Qiu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - W Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Y Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - W Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang B, Wei J, Wang Y, Chen L, Liang G. Polycalin is involved in the toxicity and resistance to Cry1Ac toxin in Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 104:e21661. [PMID: 32011765 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polycalin has been confirmed as a binding protein of the Cry toxins in a few Lepidoptera insects, but its function in the action mechanism of Cry1Ac and whether it is involved in resistance evolution are still unclear. In this study, Ligand blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays showed that Helicoverpa armigera polycalin could specifically interact with Cry1Ac with a high affinity (Kd = 118.80 nM). Importantly, antisera blocking polycalin in H. armigera larvae decreased the toxicity of Cry1Ac by 31.84%. Furthermore, the relative gene and protein expressions were lower in Cry1Ac-resistant strain (LF60) than that in Cry1Ac-susceptible strain (LF). These findings indicated that H. armigera polycalin was a possible receptor of Cry1Ac and may be contributed to the resistance to Cry1Ac.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Wang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jizhen Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gemei Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sun Y, Yang P, Jin H, Liu H, Zhou H, Qiu L, Lin Y, Ma W. Knockdown of the aminopeptidase N genes decreases susceptibility of Chilo suppressalis larvae to Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac and Cry1Ca. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 162:36-42. [PMID: 31836052 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticide is currently the most widely used bioinsecticide. Bt expressing cry genes are some of the most successful foreign-genome-inserting genes used in transgenic insect-resistant crop development. Cry toxins are resistant to lepidopteran pests, such as Chilo suppressalis, a major insect pest of rice worldwide. Since Cry toxins exert their activity by binding to specific receptors in the midgut of target insects, identification of functional Cry toxin receptors in the midgut of C. suppressalis larvae is crucial to evaluate potential resistance mechanisms and develop effective strategies for inhibiting insect resistance. In this study, we isolated two aminopeptidase N genes (APN6 and APN8) from C. suppressalis and determined that they were expressed in the foregut. APN6 was highly expressed at the fourth instar, and APN8 was highly expressed in adult and pupa. Knockdown of CsAPN6 and CsAPN8 by RNA interference resulted in significantly decreased susceptibility of larvae to Bt rice varieties TT51 (expressing cry1Ac/cry1Ab fusion genes) and T1C-19 (expressing cry1Ca), but not T2A-1 (expressing cry2Aa). These findings suggest that both APN6 and APN8 are involved in the toxicity of Cry1Ac/Cry1Ab and Cry1Ca toxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Pan Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Huihui Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Lin Qiu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Weihua Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gao M, Dong S, Hu X, Zhang X, Liu Y, Zhong J, Lu L, Wang Y, Chen L, Liu X. Roles of Midgut Cadherin from Two Moths in Different Bacillus thuringiensis Action Mechanisms: Correlation among Toxin Binding, Cellular Toxicity, and Synergism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:13237-13246. [PMID: 31671945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The midgut cadherin has been described as one of the main functional receptors for Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins. Plutella xylostella (P. xylostella) and Helicoverpa armigera (H. armigera) are two major target pests of Bt toxins in China, and the roles of their cadherins in the action of Bt toxins have been only partially studied. Here, we expressed the two cadherins in Sf9 cells and their partial extracellular domains in Escherichia coli and tested them for Bt toxin binding, cellular toxicity, and synergism with toxins. Our results suggested that PxCad might function as a Cry1Ac receptor, although it showed lower binding levels to Cry1Ac and reduced cytotoxicity compared with HaCad. PxCad and HaCad are not receptors for Cry2A, Cry1B, Cry1C, and Cry1F toxins, although some of them can bind to the cadherins. The PxCad-TBR exhibits higher enhancement of Cry1Ac and weak enhancement of Cry1F toxicity in P. xylostella larvae, although it is not the receptor of Cry1F.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meijing Gao
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing 210014 , China
| | - Sa Dong
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing 210014 , China
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Xiaodan Hu
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing 210014 , China
- Discipline of Biology, School of Life Sciences , University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus , Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000 , South Africa
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing 210014 , China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing 210014 , China
| | - Jianfeng Zhong
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing 210014 , China
| | - Lina Lu
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing 210014 , China
| | - Yun Wang
- Horticulture Department , Jinling Institute of Technology , Nanjing 210038 , China
| | - Limen Chen
- Lishui Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lishui 323000 , China
| | - Xianjin Liu
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing 210014 , China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wei J, Zhang Y, An S. The progress in insect cross-resistance among Bacillus thuringiensis toxins. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 102:e21547. [PMID: 30864250 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bt crop pyramids produce two or more Bt proteins active to broaden the spectrum of action and to delay the development of resistance in exposed insect populations. The cross-resistance between Bt toxins is a vital restriction factor for Bt crop pyramids, which may reduce the effect of pyramid strategy. In this review, the status of the cross-resistance among more than 20 Bt toxins that are most commonly used against 13 insect pests was analyzed. The potential mechanisms of cross-resistance are discussed. The corresponding measures, including pyramid RNA interference and Bt toxin, "high dose/refuge," and so on are advised to be taken for adopting the pyramided strategy to delay the Bt evolution of resistance and control the target pest insect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jizhen Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Shiheng An
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
da Silva G, Costa Ramos LF, Dos Santos Seckler H, Mendonça Gomes F, Reis Cortines J, Ramos I, Dinis Anobom C, de Alcantara Machado E, Perpétua de Oliveira DM. Biochemical characterization of digestive membrane-associated alkaline phosphatase from the velvet bean caterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 102:e21591. [PMID: 31257641 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In Brazil, the use of transgenic plants expressing the insect-toxic Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin has been successfully used as pest control management since 2013 in transgenic soybean lineages against pest caterpillars such as Helicoverpa armigera. These toxins, endogenously expressed by the plants or sprayed over the crops, are ingested by the insect and bind to receptors in the midgut of these animals, resulting in disruption of digestion and lower insect survival rates. Here, we identified and characterized a membrane-associated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the midgut of Anticarsia gemmatalis, the main soybean defoliator pest in Brazil, and data suggested that it binds to Cry1Ac toxin in vitro. Our data showed a peak of ALP activity in homogenate samples of the midgut dissected from the 4th and 5th instars larvae. The brush border membrane vesicles obtained from the midgut of these larvae were used to purify a 60 kDa ALP, as detected by in-gel activity and in vitro biochemical characterization using pharmacological inhibitors and mass spectrometry. When Cry1Ac toxin was supplied to the diet, it was efficient in decreasing larval weight gain and survival. Indeed, in vitro incubation of Cry1Ac toxin with the purified ALP resulted in a 43% decrease in ALP specific activity and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that ALP interacts with Cry1Ac toxin in vitro, thus suggesting that ALP could function as a Cry toxin ligand. This is a first report characterizing an ALP in A. gemmatalis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela da Silva
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Estrutural de Proteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Matemáticas e da Natureza, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro CEP, Brazil
| | - Luís Felipe Costa Ramos
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Estrutural de Proteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Matemáticas e da Natureza, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro CEP, Brazil
| | - Henrique Dos Santos Seckler
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Estrutural de Proteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Matemáticas e da Natureza, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro CEP, Brazil
| | - Fabio Mendonça Gomes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Insetos e Parasitos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro CEP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Reis Cortines
- Departamento de Virologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro CEP, Brazil
| | - Isabela Ramos
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Insetos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro CEP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Dinis Anobom
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Estrutural de Proteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Matemáticas e da Natureza, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro CEP, Brazil
| | - Ednildo de Alcantara Machado
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Insetos e Parasitos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro CEP, Brazil
| | - Danielle Maria Perpétua de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Estrutural de Proteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Matemáticas e da Natureza, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro CEP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Synthesis and Characterization of Cry2Ab-AVM Bioconjugate: Enhanced Affinity to Binding Proteins and Insecticidal Activity. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11090497. [PMID: 31461921 PMCID: PMC6783867 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11090497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal proteins (Bt toxins) have been widely used in crops for agricultural pest management and to reduce the use of chemical insecticides. Here, we have engineered Bt toxin Cry2Ab30 and bioconjugated it with 4"-O-succinyl avermectin (AVM) to synthesize Cry2Ab-AVM bioconjugate. It was found that Cry2Ab-AVM showed higher insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella, up to 154.4 times compared to Cry2Ab30. The binding results showed that Cry2Ab-AVM binds to the cadherin-like binding protein fragments, the 10th and 11th cadherin repeat domains in the P. xylostella cadherin (PxCR10-11), with a much higher affinity (dissociation equilibrium constant KD = 3.44 nM) than Cry2Ab30 (KD = 28.7 nM). Molecular docking suggested that the macrolide lactone group of Cry2Ab-AVM ligand docking into the PxCR10-11 is a potential mechanism to enhance the binding affinity of Cry2Ab-AVM to PxCR10-11. These findings offer scope for the engineering of Bt toxins by bioconjugation for improved pest management.
Collapse
|
31
|
Qiu L, Sun Y, Jiang Z, Yang P, Liu H, Zhou H, Wang X, Zhang W, Lin Y, Ma W. The midgut V-ATPase subunit A gene is associated with toxicity to crystal 2Aa and crystal 1Ca-expressing transgenic rice in Chilo suppressalis. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 28:520-527. [PMID: 30719783 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Insecticidal crystal (Cry) proteins produced by the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are toxic to a diverse range of insects. Transgenic rice expressing Cry1A, Cry2A and Cry1C toxins have been developed that are lethal to Chilo suppressalis, a devastating insect pest of rice in China. Identifying the mechanisms underlying the interactions of Cry toxins with susceptible hosts will improve both our understanding of Cry protein toxicology and long-term efficacy of Bt crops. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that V-ATPase subunit A contributes to the action of Cry1Ab/1Ac, Cry2Aa and Cry1Ca toxins in C. suppressalis. The full-length V-ATPase subunit A transcript was initially cloned from the C. suppressalis larval midgut and then used to generate double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-producing bacteria. Toxicity assays using transgenic rice lines TT51 (Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac fusion genes), T2A-1 (Cry2Aa), and T1C-19 (Cry1Ca) in conjunction with V-ATPase subunit A dsRNA-treated C. suppressalis larvae revealed significantly reduced larval susceptibility to T2A-1 and T1C-19 transgenic rice, but not to TT51 rice. These results suggest that the V-ATPase subunit A plays a crucial role in mediating Cry2Aa and Cry1Ca toxicity in C. suppressalis. These findings will have significant implications on the development of future resistance management tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Qiu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Y Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Z Jiang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - P Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - H Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - H Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - X Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - W Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Y Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - W Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Knock-Down of Gossypol-Inducing Cytochrome P450 Genes Reduced Deltamethrin Sensitivity in Spodoptera exigua (Hübner). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092248. [PMID: 31067723 PMCID: PMC6539524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants employ an intricate and dynamic defense system that includes physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms to counteract the effects of herbivorous attacks. In addition to their tolerance to phytotoxins, beet armyworm has quickly developed resistance to deltamethrin; a widely used pyrethroid insecticide in cotton fields. The lethal concentration (LC50) required to kill 50% of the population of deltamethrin to gossypol-fed Spodoptera exigua larvae was 2.34-fold higher than the control group, suggesting a reduced sensitivity as a consequence of the gossypol diet. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) treatment was found to synergize with deltamethrin in gossypol-fed S. exigua larvae. To counteract these defensive plant secondary metabolites, beet armyworm elevates their production of detoxification enzymes, including cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s). Gossypol-fed beet armyworm larvae showed higher 7-ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase (ECOD) activities and exhibited enhanced tolerance to deltamethrin after 48 and 72 h when compared to the control. Moreover, gossypol pretreated S. exigua larvae showed faster weight gain than the control group after transferring to a deltamethrin-supplemented diet. Meanwhile, gossypol-induced P450s exhibited high divergence in the expression level of two P450 genes: CYP6AB14 and CYP9A98 in the midgut and fat bodies contributed to beet armyworm tolerance to deltamethrin. Knocking down of CYP6AB14 and CYP9A98, via double-stranded RNAs (dsRNA) in a controlled diet, rendered the larvae more sensitive to the insecticide. These data demonstrate that generalist insects can exploit secondary metabolites from host plants to enhance their defense systems against other toxic chemicals. Impairing this defense pathway by RNA interference (RNAi) holds a potential to eliminate the pest’s tolerance to insecticides and, therefore, reduce the required dosages of agrochemicals in pest control.
Collapse
|
33
|
Chelliah R, Wei S, Park BJ, Rubab M, Banan-Mwine Dalirii E, Barathikannan K, Jin YG, Oh DH. Whole genome sequence of Bacillus thuringiensis ATCC 10792 and improved discrimination of Bacillus thuringiensis from Bacillus cereus group based on novel biomarkers. Microb Pathog 2019; 129:284-297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
34
|
Xiao Y, Wu K. Recent progress on the interaction between insects and Bacillus thuringiensis crops. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180316. [PMID: 30967027 PMCID: PMC6367150 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive use of chemical pesticides poses a great threat to the environment and food safety. The discovery of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins with effective insecticidal activity against pests and the development of transgenic technology of plants opened a new era of pest control. Transgenic Bt crops, including maize, cotton and soya bean, have now been produced and commercialized to protect against about 30 major coleopteran and lepidopteran pests, greatly benefiting the environment and the economy. However, with the long-term cultivation of Bt crops, some target pests have gradually developed resistance. Numerous studies have indicated that mutations in genes for toxins activation, toxin-binding and insect immunization are important sources in Bt resistance. An in-depth exploration of the corresponding Bt-resistance mechanisms will aid in the design of new strategies to prevent and control pests. Future research will focus on Bt crops expressing new genes and multiple genes to control a broader range of pests as part of an integrated pest management programme. This article is part of the theme issue 'Biotic signalling sheds light on smart pest management'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Xiao
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, People's Republic of China
| | - Kongming Wu
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Soares Figueiredo C, Nunes Lemes AR, Sebastião I, Desidério JA. Synergism of the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1, Cry2, and Vip3 Proteins in Spodoptera frugiperda Control. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 188:798-809. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-02952-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
36
|
Wang Y, Li D, Zhou H, Liu H, Niu L, Wang L, Ma W. Evaluation of Cry1Ac and Cry2Aa Toxin Binding to Two Important Beneficial Cotton Field Insects, Harmonia axyridis and Orius similis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:8698-8702. [PMID: 30059215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic crops expressing Cry toxins are effective and considered environmentally friendly alternatives to synthetic pesticides, but assessment of environmental risks of their application on nontarget organisms is ongoing. The main risk is the transfer of Cry toxins to natural enemies through the food chain. There is reported evidence supporting that Cry toxins can be detected in the body and gut of some natural enemy insects. Considering that binding of Cry toxins to insect proteins is an essential step in the intoxication process, this work was conducted to evaluate interactions between Cry1Ac and Cry2Aa toxins with proteins from larvae/nymphs and adults of two important predatory natural enemies in cotton fields, Harmonia axyridis and Orius similis. Results support the absence of Cry1Ac or Cry2Aa binding proteins in immature stages of H. axyridis and O. similis, as well as in imaginal stage of H. axyridis. One same binding band about 70 kDa was found in imaginal total protein of O. similis when probed with the two Cry proteins, with the best match to Hsc70 of O. sauteri in the Uniprot database. However, nonspecific binding was verified by following competitive binding assays between the two Cry proteins and imaginal total protein of O. similis. From these results, we may infer that Cry1Ac and Cry2Aa have no likely detrimental effects on H. axyridis and O. similis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables , Hubei Engineering University , Xiaogan 432000 , China
| | - Dabo Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
- Yichang Institute of Termite Control , Yichang 443000 , China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Hui Liu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Lin Niu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables , Hubei Engineering University , Xiaogan 432000 , China
| | - Weihua Ma
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chen L, Wei J, Liu C, Zhang W, Wang B, Niu L, Liang G. Specific Binding Protein ABCC1 Is Associated With Cry2Ab Toxicity in Helicoverpa armigera. Front Physiol 2018; 9:745. [PMID: 29971014 PMCID: PMC6018205 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A pyramid strategy combining the crystal (Cry) 1A and 2A toxins in Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops are active against many species of insects and nematode larvae. It has been widely used to delay pest adaption to genetically modified plants and broaden the insecticidal spectrum in many countries. Unfortunately, Cry2A can also bind with the specific receptor proteins of Cry1A. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters can interact with Cry1A toxins as receptors in the insect midgut, and ABC transporter mutations result in resistance to Bt proteins. However, there is limited knowledge of the ABC transporters that specifically bind to Cry2Ab. Here, we cloned the ABCC1 gene in Helicoverpa armigera, which expressed at all larval stages and in nine different tissues. Expression levels were particularly high in fifth-instar larvae and Malpighian tubules. The two heterologously expressed HaABCC1 transmembrane domain peptides could specifically bind to Cry2Ab with high affinity levels. Moreover, transfecting HaABCC1 into the Spodoptera frugiperda nine insect cell significantly increased its mortality when exposed to Cry2Ab in vitro, and silencing HaABCC1 in H. armigera by RNA interference significantly reduced the mortality of larvae exposed to Cry2Ab in vivo. Altogether current results suggest that HaABCC1 serves as a functional receptor for Cry2Ab.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jizhen Wei
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wanna Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bingjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - LinLin Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gemei Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang J, Lin G, Batool K, Zhang S, Chen M, Xu J, Wu J, Jin L, Gelbic I, Xu L, Zhang L, Guan X. Alimentary Tract Transcriptome Analysis of the Tea Geometrid, Ectropis oblique (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 111:1411-1419. [PMID: 29546335 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ectropis oblique Prout (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) is one of the main pests that damages the tea crop in Southeast Asia. To understand the molecular mechanisms of its feeding biology, transcriptomes of the alimentary tract (AT) and of the body minus the AT of E. oblique were successfully sequenced and analyzed in this study. A total of 36,950 unigenes from de novo sequences were assembled. After analysis using six annotation databases (e.g., Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome, and NCBI nr), a series of putative genes were found for this insect species that were related to digestion, detoxification, the immune system, and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) receptors. From this series of genes, 21 were randomly selected to verify the relative expression levels of transcripts using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. These results will provide an invaluable genomic resource for future studies on the molecular mechanisms of E. oblique, which will be useful in developing biological control strategies for this pest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Guifang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Khadija Batool
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaiqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Ivan Gelbic
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Science, Branišovská, Ceské Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Qiu L, Wang P, Wu T, Li B, Wang X, Lei C, Lin Y, Zhao J, Ma W. Downregulation of Chilo suppressalis alkaline phosphatase genes associated with resistance to three transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis rice lines. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 27:83-89. [PMID: 28940938 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Insecticidal crystal (Cry) proteins produced by the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis are highly toxic to lepidopteran pests. Strains of transgenic rice expressing cry genes have been developed that are resistant to rice pests. Understanding the mode of action of Cry toxins in rice pests will improve our ability to use them effectively as insecticides. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that alkaline phosphatases (ALPs) are involved in Cry1A, Cry2Aa and Cry1Ca toxicity in Chilo suppressalis, an important insect pest of rice crops in China. We first cloned three novel C. suppressalis alps (Csalps) from the larval midgut of C. suppressalis. RNA interference knockdown of six different Csalp genes (Csalp1, Csalp2, Csalp3, Csalp4, Csalp5 and Csalp6) showed that knockdown of three of these, Csalp1, Csalp2 and Csalp4, reduced larval mortality to the transgenic rice strain TT51, which expresses a fusion protein of Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac, whereas suppression of Csalp1, Csalp2, Csalp3, Csalp4 and Csalp6 transcripts decreased the susceptibility of larvae to the transgenic rice strain T2A-1, which expresses cry2Aa. Moreover, downregulation of Csalp1, Csalp2, Csalp3, Csalp4 and Csalp5 transcripts conferred significant tolerance to the transgenic rice strain T1C-19, which expresses cry1Ca. These results suggest that these ALPs play a key role in the toxicity of Cry1A, Cry2A and Cry1C to C. suppressalis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Qiu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - P Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - T Wu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - B Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - X Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - C Lei
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Y Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, China
| | - J Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - W Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Martínez de Castro DL, García-Gómez BI, Gómez I, Bravo A, Soberón M. Identification of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1AbMod binding-proteins from Spodoptera frugiperda. Peptides 2017; 98:99-105. [PMID: 28958733 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis Cry toxins are currently used for pest control in transgenic crops but evolution of resistance by the insect pests threatens the use of this technology. The Cry1AbMod toxin was engineered to lack the alpha helix-1 of the parental Cry1Ab toxin and was shown to counter resistance to Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac toxins in different insect species including the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda. In addition, Cry1AbMod showed enhanced toxicity to Cry1Ab-susceptible S. frugiperda populations. To gain insights into the mechanisms of this Cry1AbMod-enhanced toxicity, we isolated the Cry1AbMod toxin binding proteins from S. frugiperda brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV), which were identified by pull-down assay and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The LC-MS/MS results indicated that Cry1AbMod toxin could bind to four classes of aminopeptidase (N1, N3, N4 y N5) and actin, with the highest amino acid sequence coverage acquired for APN 1 and APN4. In addition to these proteins, we found other proteins not previously described as Cry toxin binding proteins. This is the first report that suggests the interaction between Cry1AbMod and APN in S. frugiperda.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana L Martínez de Castro
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Apdo. Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, 62250 Morelos, Mexico
| | - Blanca I García-Gómez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Apdo. Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, 62250 Morelos, Mexico
| | - Isabel Gómez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Apdo. Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, 62250 Morelos, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Bravo
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Apdo. Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, 62250 Morelos, Mexico
| | - Mario Soberón
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Apdo. Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, 62250 Morelos, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Niu L, Mannakkara A, Qiu L, Wang X, Hua H, Lei C, Jurat-Fuentes JL, Ma W. Transgenic Bt rice lines producing Cry1Ac, Cry2Aa or Cry1Ca have no detrimental effects on Brown Planthopper and Pond Wolf Spider. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1940. [PMID: 28512299 PMCID: PMC5434062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02207-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic rice expressing cry genes from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt rice) is highly resistant to lepidopteran pests. The brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) is the main non-target sap-sucking insect pest of Bt transgenic rice. The pond wolf spider (PWS, Pardosa pseudoannulata) is one of the most dominant predators of BPH in rice fields. Consequently, the safety evaluation of Bt rice on BPH and PWS should be conducted before commercialization. In the current study, two experiments were performed to assess the potential ecological effects of Bt rice on BPH and PWS: (1) a tritrophic experiment to evaluate the transmission of Cry1Ac, Cry2Aa and Cry1Ca protein in the food chain; and (2) binding assays of Cry1Ac, Cry2Aa and Cry1Ca to midgut brush border membrane proteins from BPH and PWS. Trace amounts of the three Cry proteins were detected in BPH feeding on Bt rice cultivars, but only Cry1Ac and Cry2Aa proteins could be transferred to PWS through feeding on BPH. In vitro binding of biotinylated Cry proteins and competition assays in midgut protein vesicles showed weak binding, and ligand blot analysis confirmed the binding specificity. Thus, we inferred that the tested Bt rice varieties have negligible effects on BPH and PWS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Niu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Amani Mannakkara
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Kamburupitiya, 81100, Sri Lanka
| | - Lin Qiu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Hongxia Hua
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Chaoliang Lei
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Weihua Ma
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhao M, Yuan X, Wei J, Zhang W, Wang B, Myint Khaing M, Liang G. Functional roles of cadherin, aminopeptidase-N and alkaline phosphatase from Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) in the action mechanism of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry2Aa. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46555. [PMID: 28488696 PMCID: PMC5424343 DOI: 10.1038/srep46555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A pyramid strategy combining the Cry1A and Cry2A toxins in Bt crops has been widely used throughout the world to delay pest adaption to transgenic crops and broaden the insecticidal spectrum. Midgut membrane-bound cadherin (CAD), aminopeptidase-N (APN) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) are important for Cry1A toxicity in some lepidopteran larvae, but the proteins that bind Cry2A in the midgut of target insects and their role in the Cry2A mechanism of action are still unclear. In this study, we found that heterologously expressed CAD, APN4 and ALP2 peptides from the midgut of Helicoverpa armigera could bind to the Cry2Aa toxin with a high affinity. Additionally, the efficiency of Cry2Aa insecticidal activity against H. armigera larvae was obviously reduced after the genes encoding these proteins were silenced with specific siRNAs: CAD- and ALP2-silenced larvae showed significantly similar reductions in mortality due to the Cry2Aa toxin (41.67% and 43.06%, respectively), whereas a larger reduction in mortality was observed in APN4-silenced larvae (61.11%) than in controls. These results suggest that CAD, APN4 and ALP2 are involved in the mechanism of action of Cry2Aa in H. armigera and may play important functional roles in the toxicity of the Cry2Aa toxin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangdong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jizhen Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wanna Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bingjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Myint Myint Khaing
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Gemei Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
RNA interference knockdown of aminopeptidase N genes decrease the susceptibility of Chilo suppressalis larvae to Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac and Cry1Ca-expressing transgenic rice. J Invertebr Pathol 2017; 145:9-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
44
|
Yuan X, Zhao M, Wei J, Zhang W, Wang B, Myint Khaing M, Liang G. New insights on the role of alkaline phosphatase 2 from Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) in the action mechanism of Bt toxin Cry2Aa. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 98:101-107. [PMID: 28034678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cry1A and Cry2A toxins, which are widely used in Bt transgenic crops, can specifically bind to insect midguts and exert their insecticidal effects. There are interactions between insect midgut-binding proteins and Cry1A toxins; however, little is known about the insect protein that specifically binds to Cry2A. Midgut membrane-bound alkaline phosphatases (ALPs), which are important for the binding of proteins to Cry1A, play dominant roles in Cry1A-mediated toxicity in some lepidopteran larvae. In this study, we cloned and expressed one partial ALP2 peptide from susceptible Spodoptera exigua larvae and studied the binding characteristics of SeALP2 with Cry2Aa. The ALPs proteins was expressed at all larval stages and highly expressed in the first and second instar larvae. The heterologously expressed SeALP2 peptide bound specifically to Cry2Aa with a high affinity. Knocking down ALP2 in vivo revealed that it plays an important role in the susceptibility of S. exigua to Cry2Aa. Based on these findings, we propose that ALP2 in S. exigua serves as a functional receptor for Cry2Aa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Man Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jizhen Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wanna Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bingjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Myint Myint Khaing
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gemei Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Qiu L, Cui S, Liu L, Zhang B, Ma W, Wang X, Lei C, Chen L. Aminopeptidase N1 is involved in Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac toxicity in the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45007. [PMID: 28327568 PMCID: PMC5361178 DOI: 10.1038/srep45007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) interact with their hosts is crucial to fully explain the molecular bases of Bt specificity and insecticidal activity. Previous studies support ATP binding cassette transporters (ABCC2/3) and one cadherin-like protein are Cry1Ac functional receptors in the beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua). In this study, a combined one-dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting approach identified aminopeptidase N (APNs) as putative Cry1Ac binding proteins in the midgut brush border membrane of S. exigua larvae. Functional analyses by gene silencing of six different S. exigua APN genes (SeAPN1, SeAPN2, SeAPN3, SeAPN4, SeAPN5 and SeAPN6) showed that only suppression of SeAPN1 resulted in decreased larval susceptibility to Cry1Ac toxin. These results support that SeAPN1 plays important functional role in Cry1Ac toxicity in S. exigua.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Qiu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Songhe Cui
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Lang Liu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Boyao Zhang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Weihua Ma
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Chaoliang Lei
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Lizhen Chen
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Knockdown of the MAPK p38 pathway increases the susceptibility of Chilo suppressalis larvae to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ca toxin. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43964. [PMID: 28262736 PMCID: PMC5338291 DOI: 10.1038/srep43964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces a wide range of toxins that are effective against a number of insect pests. Identifying the mechanisms responsible for resistance to Bt toxin will improve both our ability to control important insect pests and our understanding of bacterial toxicology. In this study, we investigated the role of MAPK pathways in resistance against Cry1Ca toxin in Chilo suppressalis, an important lepidopteran pest of rice crops. We first cloned the full-length of C. suppressalis mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38, ERK1, and ERK2, and a partial sequence of JNK (hereafter Csp38, CsERK1, CsERK2 and CsJNK). We could then measure the up-regulation of these MAPK genes in larvae at different times after ingestion of Cry1Ca toxin. Using RNA interference to knockdown Csp38, CsJNK, CsERK1 and CsERK2 showed that only knockdown of Csp38 significantly increased the mortality of larvae to Cry1Ca toxin ingested in either an artificial diet, or after feeding on transgenic rice expressed Cry1Ca. These results suggest that MAPK p38 is responsible for the resistance of C. suppressalis larvae to Bt Cry1Ca toxin.
Collapse
|
47
|
Qiu L, Zhang B, Liu L, Ma W, Wang X, Lei C, Chen L. Proteomic analysis of Cry2Aa-binding proteins and their receptor function in Spodoptera exigua. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40222. [PMID: 28067269 PMCID: PMC5220377 DOI: 10.1038/srep40222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis produces Crystal (Cry) proteins that are toxic to a diverse range of insects. Transgenic crops that produce Bt Cry proteins are grown worldwide because of their improved resistance to insect pests. Although Bt "pyramid" cotton that produces both Cry1A and Cry2A is predicted to be more resistant to several lepidopteran pests, including Spodoptera exigua, than plants that produce Cry1Ac alone, the mechanisms responsible for the toxicity of Cry2Aa in S. exigua are not well understood. We identified several proteins that bind Cry2Aa (polycalin, V-ATPase subunits A and B, actin, 4-hydroxybutyrate CoA-transferase [4-HB-CoAT]), and a receptor for activated protein kinase C (Rack), in S. exigua. Recombinant, expressed versions of these proteins were able to bind the Cry2Aa toxin in vitro assays. RNA interference gene knockdown of the Se-V-ATPase subunit B significantly decreased the susceptibility of S. exigua larvae to Cry2Aa, whereas knockdown of the other putative binding proteins did not. Moreover, an in vitro homologous competition assay demonstrated that the Se-V-ATPase subunit B binds specifically to the Cry2Aa toxin, suggesting that this protein acts as a functional receptor of Cry2Aa in S. exigua. This the first Cry2Aa toxin receptor identified in S. exigua brush-border membrane vesicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Qiu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Boyao Zhang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lang Liu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weihua Ma
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaoliang Lei
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lizhen Chen
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Fang Z, Shao J, Weng Q. De novo transcriptome analysis of Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) genes in latently infected Se301 cells. Virol Sin 2016; 31:425-436. [PMID: 27770381 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-016-3791-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells of the P8-Se301-C1 strain are Spodoptera exigua cell clones that each harbor a partial version of the S. exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) genome and which are resistant to homologous SeMNPV infections. The cells produce no viral progeny, suggesting that the infection is a latent-like viral infection. To investigate the SeMNPV genes harbored in the P8-Se301-C1 cells, the de novo transcriptomes of P8-Se301-C1 cells and S. exigua Se301 cells were analyzed and compared. A total of 54,569,296 reads were obtained from the P8-Se301-C1 cells that yielded 112,565 final unigenes with a mean length of 1,093 nt. A total of 56,865,504 reads were obtained from the Se301 cells that yielded 102,996 final unigenes with a mean length of 1,082 nt. Ten SeMNPV gene transcripts (se5, se7, se8, se12, se43, se45, se89, se90, se124, and se126) were detected in the P8-Se301-C1 cells by RNA-Seq but not in the Se301 cells, which was verified by RTPCR. 5'/3' RACE analyses showed that the 3'- or 5'-end sequences of the viral transcripts are aligned to the host gene sequences in P8-Se301-C1 cells, suggesting that the SeMNPV genes may integrate into and be transcribed with the host genes in the P8-Se301-C1 cells. Furthermore, six additional viral gene transcripts, se11, se42, se44, se88, se91, and se127 (incorporated into chimeric fusion transcripts in the P8-Se301-C1 cells), were detected in the RACE analyses. Taken together, sixteen SeMNPV transcripts were identified in the P8-Se301-C1 cell strain. This study provides information to develop the understanding of baculovirus latent infections and superinfection exclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Jingxu Shao
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Qingbei Weng
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Herrero S, Bel Y, Hernández-Martínez P, Ferré J. Susceptibility, mechanisms of response and resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins in Spodoptera spp. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2016; 15:89-96. [PMID: 27436737 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioinsecticides based on Bacillus thuringiensis have long been used as an alternative to synthetic insecticides to control insect pests. In this review, we focus on insects of the genus Spodoptera, including relevant polyphagous species that are primary and secondary pests of many crops, and how B. thuringiensis toxins can be used for Spodoptera spp. pest management. We summarize the main findings related to susceptibility, midgut binding specificity, mechanisms of response and resistance of this insect genus to B. thuringiensis toxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Herrero
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED) and Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Yolanda Bel
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED) and Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Patricia Hernández-Martínez
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED) and Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Juan Ferré
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED) and Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abdurakhmonov IY, Ayubov MS, Ubaydullaeva KA, Buriev ZT, Shermatov SE, Ruziboev HS, Shapulatov UM, Saha S, Ulloa M, Yu JZ, Percy RG, Devor EJ, Sharma GC, Sripathi VR, Kumpatla SP, van der Krol A, Kater HD, Khamidov K, Salikhov SI, Jenkins JN, Abdukarimov A, Pepper AE. RNA Interference for Functional Genomics and Improvement of Cotton (Gossypium sp.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:202. [PMID: 26941765 PMCID: PMC4762190 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi), is a powerful new technology in the discovery of genetic sequence functions, and has become a valuable tool for functional genomics of cotton (Gossypium sp.). The rapid adoption of RNAi has replaced previous antisense technology. RNAi has aided in the discovery of function and biological roles of many key cotton genes involved in fiber development, fertility and somatic embryogenesis, resistance to important biotic and abiotic stresses, and oil and seed quality improvements as well as the key agronomic traits including yield and maturity. Here, we have comparatively reviewed seminal research efforts in previously used antisense approaches and currently applied breakthrough RNAi studies in cotton, analyzing developed RNAi methodologies, achievements, limitations, and future needs in functional characterizations of cotton genes. We also highlighted needed efforts in the development of RNAi-based cotton cultivars, and their safety and risk assessment, small and large-scale field trials, and commercialization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrokhim Y. Abdurakhmonov
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Structural and Functional Genomics, Academy of Sciences the Republic of Uzbekistan, Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources the Republic of Uzbekistan and “Uzpakhtasanoat” AssociationKibray, Uzbekistan
- *Correspondence: Ibrokhim Y. Abdurakhmonov,
| | - Mirzakamol S. Ayubov
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Structural and Functional Genomics, Academy of Sciences the Republic of Uzbekistan, Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources the Republic of Uzbekistan and “Uzpakhtasanoat” AssociationKibray, Uzbekistan
| | - Khurshida A. Ubaydullaeva
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Structural and Functional Genomics, Academy of Sciences the Republic of Uzbekistan, Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources the Republic of Uzbekistan and “Uzpakhtasanoat” AssociationKibray, Uzbekistan
| | - Zabardast T. Buriev
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Structural and Functional Genomics, Academy of Sciences the Republic of Uzbekistan, Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources the Republic of Uzbekistan and “Uzpakhtasanoat” AssociationKibray, Uzbekistan
| | - Shukhrat E. Shermatov
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Structural and Functional Genomics, Academy of Sciences the Republic of Uzbekistan, Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources the Republic of Uzbekistan and “Uzpakhtasanoat” AssociationKibray, Uzbekistan
| | - Haydarali S. Ruziboev
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Structural and Functional Genomics, Academy of Sciences the Republic of Uzbekistan, Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources the Republic of Uzbekistan and “Uzpakhtasanoat” AssociationKibray, Uzbekistan
| | - Umid M. Shapulatov
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Structural and Functional Genomics, Academy of Sciences the Republic of Uzbekistan, Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources the Republic of Uzbekistan and “Uzpakhtasanoat” AssociationKibray, Uzbekistan
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sukumar Saha
- Crop Science Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, StarkvilleMS, USA
| | - Mauricio Ulloa
- Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Research, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, LubbockTX, USA
| | - John Z. Yu
- Crop Germplasm Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, College StationTX, USA
| | - Richard G. Percy
- Crop Germplasm Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, College StationTX, USA
| | - Eric J. Devor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa CityIA, USA
| | - Govind C. Sharma
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Alabama A&M University, NormalAL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Hake D. Kater
- Agricultural and Environmental Research, CaryNC, USA
| | - Khakimdjan Khamidov
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Structural and Functional Genomics, Academy of Sciences the Republic of Uzbekistan, Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources the Republic of Uzbekistan and “Uzpakhtasanoat” AssociationKibray, Uzbekistan
| | - Shavkat I. Salikhov
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Structural and Functional Genomics, Academy of Sciences the Republic of Uzbekistan, Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources the Republic of Uzbekistan and “Uzpakhtasanoat” AssociationKibray, Uzbekistan
| | - Johnie N. Jenkins
- Crop Science Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, StarkvilleMS, USA
| | - Abdusattor Abdukarimov
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Structural and Functional Genomics, Academy of Sciences the Republic of Uzbekistan, Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources the Republic of Uzbekistan and “Uzpakhtasanoat” AssociationKibray, Uzbekistan
| | - Alan E. Pepper
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, Colleges StationTX, USA
| |
Collapse
|