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Awad F, Boktor J, Joseph V, Lewis MH, Silva C, Sarasin S, Lewis PM. Debridement, antibiotics and implant retention (DAIR) following hip and knee arthroplasty: results and findings of a multidisciplinary approach from a non-specialist prosthetic infection centre. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2024; 106:633-641. [PMID: 37983007 PMCID: PMC11365729 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2023.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a catastrophic complication following arthroplasty surgery. Recently a debridement, antibiotics and implant retention (DAIR) procedure has gained popularity for PJI where a thorough debridement, irrigation and modular component exchange is undertaken. METHOD We present the outcome for DAIR, data collected prospectively, in a busy orthopaedic unit but not one specialising in PJI. All patients with PJI were included without loss of data or patients from 2012 to 2018 with a minimum follow-up of 5 years. RESULTS Four total knee replacements, 17 total hip replacements, one revision total hip replacement and three hip hemiarthroplasties are included with an average duration from onset of symptoms to the DAIR procedure of 11 days (range 1-22 days). Staphylococcus aureus (24%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (32%) were the most common causative organisms, and the most common antibiotic regimens included intravenous teicoplanin and flucloxacillin. Average follow-up was 67 months (range 9-104 months). Only four patients went on to require revision surgery. An analysis of midterm patient outcome measures for 6 of the total hip replacement (THR) DAIR patients were compared with a database of 792 THRs (with a minimum two-year follow-up) carried out by the same surgeon revealed no significant difference in Oxford hip scores at one-year post-surgery (OHS DAIR 36.2 vs 39 for control group). CONCLUSION This study includes 25 consecutive patients treated with DAIR with only one reinfection, with a mean follow-up period of 5 years. Using a strict protocol, DAIR appears to offer a successful treatment strategy for the management of early PJI.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Awad
- Prince Charles Hospital, UK
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2
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Tsai SW, Mu W, Parvizi J. Culture-negative periprosthetic joint infections: Do we have an issue? J Clin Orthop Trauma 2024; 52:102430. [PMID: 38783996 PMCID: PMC11108966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2024.102430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Culture-negative periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) poses a significant challenge in clinical settings. The lack of information on causative organism(s) leads to uncertainties regarding the choice of antimicrobial treatment, which can potentially adversely influence the outcome. Recent advances in molecular-based diagnostic methods have the potential to address the difficulties associated with culture-negative PJIs. These technologies offer a solution to the existing clinical dilemma by providing identification of pathogens and guiding appropriate antimicrobial treatment. In this narrative review, we provide information regarding: 1) incidence and risk factors for culture-negative PJI; 2) the optimal antimicrobial therapy and duration of treatment for culture-negative PJI; 3) outcome comparison between culture-positive and culture-negative PJI; and 4) utilization of novel molecular diagnostic methods in culture-negative PJI, including pathogen identification, and the implementation of an antibiotic stewardship program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Wen Tsai
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wenbo Mu
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Javad Parvizi
- International Joint Center, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
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3
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Alkadhem MF, Wagenmakers-Huizenga LMF, Wouthuyzen-Bakker M, Muller Kobold AC. (Pre)analytical considerations concerning the analysis of synovial calprotectin. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:199-206. [PMID: 37529863 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several studies have demonstrated that synovial calprotectin is a highly accurate biomarker in diagnosing periprosthetic joint infections (PJI). Assuring reliability is of great importance and coincides with adequate preanalytical handling. This study focuses on potentially interfering factors. METHODS To assess the stability of synovial calprotectin, the effect of time, storage temperature, EDTA, freeze-thaw cycles, viscosity, and blood and lipid contamination was investigated. In the blood and lipid contamination experiments, hemolyzed and non-hemolyzed blood, homogenized adipose tissue, intralipid and chylomicrons were added. The effect of viscosity was investigated using freeze-thaw cycles, enzymatic pretreatment and sonification. RESULTS No effect on synovial calprotectin levels was observed in synovial samples kept at room temperature compared to samples kept at 4 °C for up to seven days of storage. Freeze-thaw cycles did not result in significantly different calprotectin levels, although samples without EDTA resulted in higher recoveries after 1 and 2 freeze-thaw cycles. Blood and lipid contamination did not interfere with accurate synovial calprotectin analysis. Sample pretreatment to reduce sample viscosity by pretreating samples with DNAse and/or hyaluronidase did not influence calprotectin analysis. Sonification, however, resulted in increased calprotectin values. CONCLUSIONS Synovial calprotectin is a stable biomarker and its analysis is not easily influenced by potential interfering factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed F Alkadhem
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lucie M F Wagenmakers-Huizenga
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjan Wouthuyzen-Bakker
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke C Muller Kobold
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Hantouly AT, Alzobi O, Toubasi AA, Zikria B, Al Dosari MAA, Ahmed G. Higher sensitivity and accuracy of synovial next-generation sequencing in comparison to culture in diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2023; 31:3672-3683. [PMID: 36244018 PMCID: PMC10435641 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-022-07196-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the diagnostic parameters of synovial next-generation sequencing (NGS) and cultures in diagnosing periprosthetic joint infections (PJI). METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Google Scholar were searched from inception until 8 Jan 2022 for literature investigating the role of NGS in comparison to culture in the diagnosis of PJI. The studies were included if they investigated the diagnostic value of culture and NGS in diagnosing PJIs against the Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria. Diagnostic parameters, such as sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive-likelihood ratio, negative-likelihood ratio, accuracy, and area under the curve (AUC), were calculated for the included studies to evaluate the performance of NGS in comparison to culture in PJI diagnosis. RESULTS The total number of the included patients was 341 from seven articles. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio of NGS were 94% (95% CI 91-97%), 89% (95% CI 82-95%), and 138.5 (95% CI 49.1-390.5), respectively. NGS has positive- and negative-likelihood ratios of 7.9 (95% CI 3.99-15.6) and 0.1 (95% CI 0.0-0.1), respectively. On the other hand, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio of culture were 70% (95% CI 61-79%), 94% (95% CI 88-98%), and 28.0 (95% CI 12.6-62.2), respectively. The SROC curve for NGS showed that the accuracy (AUC) was 91.9%, and that the positive and negative predictive values were 8.6 (95% CI 5.0-19.5) and 0.1 (95% CI 0.0-0.1), respectively. While, culture SROC curve demonstrated that the accuracy (AUC) was 80.5% and the positive- and negative-likelihood ratio were 12.1 (95% CI 4.5-49.6) and 0.3 (95% CI 0.2-0.4). CONCLUSIONS NGS has a potential role in diagnosing hip and knee PJIs due to its high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. However, the sensitivity and specificity reported by the studies varied according to the time of synovial sampling (preoperative, postoperative, or mixed).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf T Hantouly
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Surgical Specialty Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Osama Alzobi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Surgical Specialty Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Bashir Zikria
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Ghalib Ahmed
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Surgical Specialty Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
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5
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Gatti M, Tedeschi S, Zamparini E, Pea F, Viale P. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations for optimizing antimicrobial therapy used to treat bone and joint infections: an evidence-based algorithmic approach. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2023; 19:511-535. [PMID: 37671793 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2023.2255525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone and joint infections (BJIs) are a major health concern causing remarkable morbidity and mortality. However, which antimicrobial treatment could be the best according to specific clinical scenarios and/or to the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) features remains an unmet clinical need. This multidisciplinary opinion article aims to develop evidence-based algorithms for empirical and targeted antibiotic therapy of patients affected by BJIs. AREAS COVERED A multidisciplinary team of four experts had several rounds of assessment for developing algorithms devoted to empirical and targeted antimicrobial therapy of BJIs. A literature search was performed on PubMed-MEDLINE (until April 2023) to provide evidence for supporting therapeutic choices. Four different clinical scenarios were structured according to specific infection types (i.e. vertebral osteomyelitis, prosthetic joint infections, infected non-unions and other chronic osteomyelitis, and infectious arthritis), need or not of surgical intervention or revision, isolation or not of clinically relevant bacterial pathogens from blood and/or tissue cultures, and PK/PD features of antibiotics. EXPERT OPINION The proposed therapeutic algorithms were based on a multifaceted approach considering the peculiar features of each antibiotic (spectrum of activity, PK/PD properties, bone penetration rate, and anti-biofilm activity), and could be hopefully helpful in improving clinical outcome of BJIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milo Gatti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department for Integrated Infectious Risk Management, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Tedeschi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department for Integrated Infectious Risk Management, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eleonora Zamparini
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department for Integrated Infectious Risk Management, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Pea
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department for Integrated Infectious Risk Management, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Viale
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department for Integrated Infectious Risk Management, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Tachi Y, Sato L, Ishikane M, Yamada G, Motohashi A, Ando H, Hayakawa K, Takasaki J, Katsuragawa Y, Ohmagari N. A case of prosthetic joint infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complicated secondary bacterial infection after knee joint replacement surgery. J Infect Chemother 2023; 29:367-370. [PMID: 36528274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2022.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) is a rare cause of prosthetic joint infection (PJI). Previous studies have reported that many cases of PJI caused by M. tuberculosis have no medical history of active tuberculosis (TB) or other localization, which contributes to diagnostic difficulties. Furthermore, owing to the limited number of studies on treatment, appropriate treatment strategies, such as the duration of anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drugs and surgical indications, remain unclear. We report a case of PJI caused by M. tuberculosis and secondary pyogenic arthritis caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus dysgalactiae in a 67-year-old man after knee joint replacement surgery in Japan, which was a moderately endemic country until 2020 and a low endemic country since 2021. Although he had no past medical history or close contact with TB, he was diagnosed with PJI caused by M. tuberculosis, following the culture of a synovectomy specimen. He underwent two-stage surgery and was treated with anti-TB drugs for a total of 12 months and recovered without recurrence. Based on our case and previous studies, there are three points of clinical significance for PJI caused by M. tuberculosis. First, about one year of anti-TB drugs with two staged joint revision resulted in a good course of treatment. Second, surgical treatment might be considered in cases complicated by secondary bacterial infection. Third, because the diagnosis of PJI caused by M. tuberculosis is difficult, TB should be considered in the differential diagnosis of routine bacterial culture-negative PJI, especially in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurika Tachi
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lubna Sato
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ishikane
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Gen Yamada
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayano Motohashi
- Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Honami Ando
- Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayoko Hayakawa
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jin Takasaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yozo Katsuragawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
| | - Norio Ohmagari
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Chang Y, Jiang K, Zhang L, Yang F, Huang J. Application of next-generation sequencing technology in the detection of pathogenic bacteria of the periprosthetic joint infection after arthroplasty. Int Wound J 2023. [PMID: 36647902 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the application value of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology in the detection of pathogenic bacteria in the periprosthetic joint infection after arthroplasty. Twenty-two cases of patients with joint infection after arthroplasty in our hospital from March 2020 to March 2021 were selected, with 11 cases of knee and 11 cases of hip, including 8 cases of male and 14 cases of female, and an average age of 63.55 ± 13.11 years old (range from 28 to 85). Microbiological culture results of synovial fluid and periprosthetic joint tissue and NGS results of periprosthetic joint tissue were collected. The detection rate of NGS and microbiological culture were calculated and statistically analysed by paired χ2 test. Among the 22 patients with joint infection after arthroplasty, the positive rate of NGS was 90.91% (20/22), whereas the positive rate of bacterial culture was 50.00% (11/22). Paired chi-square test showed a statistically significant difference in the detection rate between the two groups (P = .0029). In the detection of pathogenic microorganism, NGS detected 12 kinds of bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus in 3 patients, Staphylococcus epidermidis in 5 cases, Streptococcus 1 case, Streptococcus dysgalactiae 1 case, Xanthomonas campestris 3 cases, Escherichia coli 2 cases, Bacillus cereus 2 cases, Klebsiella pneumoniae 1 case, Finegoldia magna 1 case, Corynebacterium klopensteriella in 1 case, Brucella 1 case, and Aspergillus flavus 1 case. Bacterial culture detected 6 kinds of bacteria, included 5 cases of Staphylococcus epidermis (including 3 cases of Methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, (MRSCoN)), 2 cases of Staphylococcus aureus (both Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, (MRSA)), 1 case of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 1 case of Staphylococcus hominis (MRSCoN), 1 case of G+ bacillus, and 1 case of Brucella. Compared with bacterial culture, NGS technology has some advantages in the detection efficiency, detection rate, and comprehensiveness, which might be greater diagnostic value in the joint fluid of infection after arthroplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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Browning S, Manning L, Metcalf S, Paterson D, Robinson J, Clark B, Davis J. Characteristics and outcomes of culture-negative prosthetic joint infections from the Prosthetic Joint Infection in Australia and New Zealand Observational (PIANO) cohort study. J Bone Jt Infect 2022; 7:203-211. [PMID: 36267263 PMCID: PMC9562689 DOI: 10.5194/jbji-7-203-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Culture-negative (CN) prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) account for approximately 10 % of all PJIs and present significant challenges for clinicians. We aimed to explore the significance of CN PJIs within a large prospective cohort study, comparing their characteristics and outcomes with culture-positive (CP) cases. Methods: The Prosthetic joint Infection in Australia and New Zealand Observational (PIANO) study is a prospective, multicentre observational cohort study that was conducted at 27 hospitals between 2014 and 2017. We compared baseline characteristics and outcomes of all patients with CN PJI from the PIANO cohort with those of CP cases. We report on PJI diagnostic criteria in the CN cohort and apply internationally recognized PJI diagnostic guidelines to determine optimal CN PJI detection methods. Results: Of the 650 patients with 24-month outcome data available, 55 (8.5 %) were CN and 595 were CP. Compared with the CP cohort, CN patients were more likely to be female (32 (58.2 %) vs. 245 (41.2 %); p = 0.016), involve the shoulder joint (5 (9.1 %) vs. 16 (2.7 %); p = 0.026), and have a lower mean C-reactive protein (142 mg L- 1 vs. 187 mg L- 1 ; p = 0.016). Overall, outcomes were superior in CN patients, with culture negativity an independent predictor of treatment success at 24 months (adjusted odds ratio, aOR, of 3.78 and 95 %CI of 1.65-8.67). Suboptimal diagnostic sampling was common in both cohorts, with CN PJI case detection enhanced using the Infectious Diseases Society of America PJI diagnostic guidelines. Conclusions: Current PJI diagnostic guidelines vary substantially in their ability to detect CN PJI, with comprehensive diagnostic sampling necessary to achieve diagnostic certainty. Definitive surgical management strategies should be determined by careful assessment of infection type, rather than by culture status alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Browning
- Infection Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle,
Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle,
Australia
| | - Laurens Manning
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Sarah Metcalf
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New
Zealand
| | - David L. Paterson
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - James O. Robinson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Perth, Australia
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Discipline of Health,
Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Benjamin Clark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Joshua S. Davis
- Infection Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle,
Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle,
Australia
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
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9
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Pharmacodynamics of Moxifloxacin, Meropenem, Caspofungin and their Combinations Against In Vitro Polymicrobial Inter-kingdom Biofilms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 66:e0214921. [PMID: 34930026 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02149-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms colonize medical devices and are often recalcitrant to antibiotics. Inter-kingdom biofilms, when at least a bacterium and a fungus are co-isolated, increase the likelihood of therapeutic failures. In this work, a three-species in vitro biofilm model including S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans was used to study the activity of the antibiotics moxifloxacin and meropenem, the antifungal caspofungin, and combinations of them against inter-kingdom biofilms. The culturable cells and total biomass were evaluated to determine the pharmacodynamic parameters of the drug response for the incubation with the drugs alone. The synergic or antagonistic effects (increased/decreased effects) of the combination of drugs were analysed with the highest single agent method. Biofilms were imaged in confocal microscopy after live/dead staining. The drugs had limited activity when used alone against single-, dual- or three-species biofilms. When used in combination, additive effects were observed against single- or dual-species biofilms, and increased effects (synergy) against biomass of three-species biofilms. In addition, the two antibiotics showed different patterns, moxifloxacin being more active when targeting S. aureus and meropenem when targeting E. coli. All these observations were confirmed by confocal microscopy images. Our findings highlight the interest in combining caspofungin with antibiotics against inter-kingdom biofilms.
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10
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Echeverria AP, Cohn IS, Danko DC, Shanaj S, Blair L, Hollemon D, Carli AV, Sculco PK, Ho C, Meshulam-Simon G, Mironenko C, Ivashkiv LB, Goodman SM, Grizas A, Westrich GH, Padgett DE, Figgie MP, Bostrom MP, Sculco TP, Hong DK, Hepinstall MS, Bauer TW, Blauwkamp TA, Brause BD, Miller AO, Henry MW, Ahmed AA, Cross MB, Mason CE, Donlin LT. Sequencing of Circulating Microbial Cell-Free DNA Can Identify Pathogens in Periprosthetic Joint Infections. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2021; 103:1705-1712. [PMID: 34293751 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.20.02229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 1 million Americans undergo joint replacement each year, and approximately 1 in 75 will incur a periprosthetic joint infection. Effective treatment necessitates pathogen identification, yet standard-of-care cultures fail to detect organisms in 10% to 20% of cases and require invasive sampling. We hypothesized that cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragments from microorganisms in a periprosthetic joint infection can be found in the bloodstream and utilized to accurately identify pathogens via next-generation sequencing. METHODS In this prospective observational study performed at a musculoskeletal specialty hospital in the U.S., we enrolled 53 adults with validated hip or knee periprosthetic joint infections. Participants had peripheral blood drawn immediately prior to surgical treatment. Microbial cfDNA from plasma was sequenced and aligned to a genome database with >1,000 microbial species. Intraoperative tissue and synovial fluid cultures were performed per the standard of care. The primary outcome was accuracy in organism identification with use of blood cfDNA sequencing, as measured by agreement with tissue-culture results. RESULTS Intraoperative and preoperative joint cultures identified an organism in 46 (87%) of 53 patients. Microbial cfDNA sequencing identified the joint pathogen in 35 cases, including 4 of 7 culture-negative cases (57%). Thus, as an adjunct to cultures, cfDNA sequencing increased pathogen detection from 87% to 94%. The median time to species identification for cases with genus-only culture results was 3 days less than standard-of-care methods. Circulating cfDNA sequencing in 14 cases detected additional microorganisms not grown in cultures. At postoperative encounters, cfDNA sequencing demonstrated no detection or reduced levels of the infectious pathogen. CONCLUSIONS Microbial cfDNA from pathogens causing local periprosthetic joint infections can be detected in peripheral blood. These circulating biomarkers can be sequenced from noninvasive venipuncture, providing a novel source for joint pathogen identification. Further development as an adjunct to tissue cultures holds promise to increase the number of cases with accurate pathogen identification and improve time-to-speciation. This test may also offer a novel method to monitor infection clearance during the treatment period. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Diagnostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian S Cohn
- Hospital for Special Surgery Research Institute, New York, NY
| | - David C Danko
- Tri-Institutional Computational Biology and Medicine Program, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Sara Shanaj
- Hospital for Special Surgery Research Institute, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Alberto V Carli
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Peter K Sculco
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Carine Ho
- Karius, Inc., Redwood City, California
| | | | - Christine Mironenko
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Lionel B Ivashkiv
- Hospital for Special Surgery Research Institute, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Susan M Goodman
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY.,Department of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Alexandra Grizas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Geoffrey H Westrich
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Douglas E Padgett
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Mark P Figgie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Mathias P Bostrom
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Thomas P Sculco
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | | | - Matthew S Hepinstall
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Thomas W Bauer
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | | | - Barry D Brause
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY.,Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Andy O Miller
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY.,Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Michael W Henry
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY.,Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | | | - Michael B Cross
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Christopher E Mason
- Tri-Institutional Computational Biology and Medicine Program, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, NY.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY.,The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY.,The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY.,The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Laura T Donlin
- Hospital for Special Surgery Research Institute, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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11
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Gamie Z, Karthikappallil D, Gamie E, Stamiris S, Kenanidis E, Tsiridis E. Molecular sequencing technologies in the diagnosis and management of prosthetic joint infections. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 22:603-624. [PMID: 33641572 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1894929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) can be challenging to eradicate and have high morbidity and mortality. Current microbiology culture methods can be associated with a high false-negative rate of up to 50%. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment, and negative results have been linked to a greater rate of reoperation. AREAS COVERED There has been increasing investigation of the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology such as metagenomic shotgun sequencing to help identify causative organisms and decrease the uncertainty around culture-negative infections. The clinical importance of the organisms detected and their management, however, requires further study. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has shown promise, but in recent years multiple studies have reported similar or lower sensitivity for bacteria detection in PJIs when compared to traditional culture. Furthermore, issues such as high cost and complexity of sample preparation and data analysis are to be addressed before it can move further toward routine clinical practice. EXPERT OPINION Metagenomic NGS has shown results that inspire cautious optimism - both in culture-positive and culture-negative cases of joint infection. Refinement of technique could revolutionize the way PJIs are diagnosed, managed, and drastically improve outcomes from this currently devastating complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakareya Gamie
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK; Genomic Medicine - St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, Tooting, London, SW17 0RE; King's College London, Strand, London
| | - Dileep Karthikappallil
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, East Cheshire NHS Trust, Macclesfield District General Hospital, Victoria Road, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 3BL, UK
| | - Emane Gamie
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; MBiol, BSc Biological Sciences, University of Leeds Alumni, UK
| | - Stavros Stamiris
- Academic Orthopedic Department, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece; CORE-Center for Orthopedic Research at CIRI-A.U.Th., Aristotle University Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eustathios Kenanidis
- Academic Orthopedic Department, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece; CORE-Center for Orthopedic Research at CIRI-A.U.Th., Aristotle University Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Tsiridis
- Academic Orthopedic Department, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece; CORE-Center for Orthopedic Research at CIRI-A.U.Th., Aristotle University Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
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12
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Fang Z, Chen J, Zhu Y, Hu G, Xin H, Guo K, Li Q, Xie L, Wang L, Shi X, Wang Y, Mao C. High-throughput screening and rational design of biofunctionalized surfaces with optimized biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3757. [PMID: 34145249 PMCID: PMC8213795 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23954-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides are widely used for surface modification to develop improved implants, such as cell adhesion RGD peptide and antimicrobial peptide (AMP). However, it is a daunting challenge to identify an optimized condition with the two peptides showing their intended activities and the parameters for reaching such a condition. Herein, we develop a high-throughput strategy, preparing titanium (Ti) surfaces with a gradient in peptide density by click reaction as a platform, to screen the positions with desired functions. Such positions are corresponding to optimized molecular parameters (peptide densities/ratios) and associated preparation parameters (reaction times/reactant concentrations). These parameters are then extracted to prepare nongradient mono- and dual-peptide functionalized Ti surfaces with desired biocompatibility or/and antimicrobial activity in vitro and in vivo. We also demonstrate this strategy could be extended to other materials. Here, we show that the high-throughput versatile strategy holds great promise for rational design and preparation of functional biomaterial surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Fang
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, Panyu, Guangzhou, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, Panyu, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjian Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, Panyu, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, Panyu, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Guansong Hu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, Panyu, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, Panyu, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoqian Xin
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, Panyu, Guangzhou, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, Panyu, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kunzhong Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, Panyu, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, Panyu, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingtao Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, Panyu, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangxu Xie
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Lin Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, Panyu, Guangzhou, China.
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xuetao Shi
- School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, Panyu, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yingjun Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, Panyu, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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13
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Abstract
Accurate diagnosis of fracture related infection (FRI) is critical for preventing poor outcomes such as loss of function or amputation. Due to the multiple variables associated with FRI, however, accurate diagnosis is challenging and complicated by a lack of standardized diagnostic criteria. Limitations with the current gold standard for diagnosis, which is routine microbiology culture, further complicate the diagnostic and management process. Efforts to optimize the process rely on a foundation of data derived from prosthetic joint infections (PJI), but differences in PJI and FRI make it clear that unique approaches for these distinct infections are required. A more concerted effort focusing on FRI has dominated more recent investigations and publications leading to a consensus definition by the American Orthopedics (AO) Foundation and the European Bone and Joint Infection Society (EBJIS). This has the potential to better standardize the diagnostic process, which will not only improve patient care but also facilitate more robust and reproducible research related to the diagnosis and management of FRI. The purpose of this review is to explore the consensus definition, describe the foundation of data supporting current FRI diagnostic techniques, and identify pathways for optimization of clinical microbiology-based strategies and data.
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14
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Yin H, Xu D, Wang D. Diagnostic value of next-generation sequencing to detect periprosthetic joint infection. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:252. [PMID: 33676477 PMCID: PMC7937267 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We herein compared the diagnostic value of next-generation sequencing (NGS), bacterial culture, and serological biomarkers to detect periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after joint replacement. Methods According to the diagnostic criteria of the Musculoskeletal Infection Society, 35 patients who underwent joint revision surgery were divided into infection (15 cases) and non-infection (20 cases) groups, and were routinely examined preoperatively for erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and D-dimer levels. All patients underwent arthrocentesis preoperatively. Synovial fluid was used for white blood cell count, white blood cell classification, bacterial culture, and NGS. Furthermore, we calculated the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) for ESR, CRP, PCT, IL-6, and D-dimer. Data were assessed by comparing diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Results Fourteen patients showed positive results by NGS and seven showed positive bacterial culture results in the infection group; further, 18 showed negative results by NGS in the non-infection group. The AUC of ESR, D-dimer, CRP, IL-6, and PCT was 0.667, 0.572, 0.827, 0.767, and 0.808, respectively. The accuracy of NGS, bacterial culture, CRP, IL-6, and PCT was 0.91, 0.74, 0.77, 0.74, and 0.83, respectively. When comparing NGS with CRP, IL-6, PCT, and bacterial culture, differences in overall test results and those in sensitivity were statistically significant, and compared with CRP, differences in specificity were also statistically significant. In comparison with IL-6, PCT, and bacterial culture, the specificity of NGS was statistically insignificant. Conclusions Our results indicated that NGS had higher accuracy and sensitivity than the bacterial culture method and commonly used serological biomarkers for diagnosing PJI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Liaocheng People's Hospital and Liaocheng Clinical School of Taishan Medical University, No. 67, Dongchang Road, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Duliang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Liaocheng People's Hospital and Liaocheng Clinical School of Taishan Medical University, No. 67, Dongchang Road, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Liaocheng People's Hospital and Liaocheng Clinical School of Taishan Medical University, No. 67, Dongchang Road, Liaocheng, Shandong, China.
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Alves D, Borges P, Grainha T, Rodrigues CF, Pereira MO. Tailoring the immobilization and release of chlorhexidine using dopamine chemistry to fight infections associated to orthopedic devices. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 120:111742. [PMID: 33545884 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A crucial factor in the pathogenesis of orthopedics associated infections is that bacteria do not only colonize the implant surface but also the surrounding tissues. This study aimed to engineer an antimicrobial release coating for stainless steel (SS) surfaces, to impart them with the ability to prevent Staphylococci colonization. Chlorhexidine (CHX) was immobilized using two polydopamine (pDA)-based approaches: a one-pot synthesis, where CHX is dissolved together with dopamine before its polymerization; and a two-step methodology, comprising the deposition of a pDA layer to which CHX is immobilized. To modulate CHX release, an additional layer of pDA was also added for both strategies. Immobilization of CHX using a one-step approach yielded surfaces with a more homogenous coating and less roughness than the other strategies. The amount of released CHX was lower for the one-step approach, as opposed to the two-step approach yielding the higher release, which could be decreased by applying an outward layer of pDA. Both one and two-step approaches provided the surfaces with the ability to prevent bacterial colonization of the surface itself and kill most of bacteria in the bulk phase up to 10 days. This long-term antimicrobial performance alluded a stable and enduring immobilization of CHX. In terms of biocompatibility, the amount of CHX released from the one-step approach did not compromise the growth of mammalian cells, contrary to the two-step strategy. Additionally, the few bacteria that managed to adhere to surfaces modified with one-step approach did not show evidence of resistance towards CHX. Overall data underline that one-step immobilization of CHX holds great potential to be further applied in the fight against orthopedic devices associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Alves
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Patrick Borges
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Tânia Grainha
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Célia F Rodrigues
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria Olívia Pereira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Grynyuk II, Vasyliuk OM, Prylutska SV, Strutynska NY, Livitska OV, Slobodyanik MS. Influence of nanoscale-modified apatite-type calcium phosphates on the biofilm formation by pathogenic microorganisms. OPEN CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2021-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Nanoparticles (25–50 nm) of chemically modified calcium phosphates Ca10−x−y
M
ii
x
Na
y
(PO4)6−z
(CO3)
z
(OH)2 (M
ii
– Cu2+, Zn2+) were synthesized via a wet precipitation method at room temperature. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy data confirmed the partial substitution of
PO
4
3
−
{\text{PO}}_{4}^{3-}
→
CO
3
2
−
{\text{CO}}_{3}^{2-}
(B-type) in apatite-type structure. The influence of prepared phosphates on biofilm formation by pathogenic microorganisms was investigated. It was found that the samples Na+,
CO
3
2
−
{\text{CO}}_{3}^{2-}
-hydroxyapatite (HAP) and Na+, Zn2+,
CO
3
2
−
{\text{CO}}_{3}^{2-}
-HAP (5–20 mM) had the highest inhibitory effect on biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus strains. The sample Na+,
CO
3
2
−
{\text{CO}}_{3}^{2-}
-HAP had the slight influence on the formation of the biofilm by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while for the samples Na+, Cu2+,
CO
3
2
−
{\text{CO}}_{3}^{2-}
-HAP and Na+, Zn2+,
CO
3
2
−
{\text{CO}}_{3}^{2-}
-HAP such an effect was not detected. According to transmission electron microscopy data, a correlation between the activity of synthesized apatite-related modified calcium phosphates in the processes of biofilm formation and their ability to adhere to the surface of bacterial cells was established. The prepared samples can be used for the design of effective materials with antibacterial activity for medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna I. Grynyuk
- Department Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , 64/13, Volodymyrska Str., 01601 , Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Olga M. Vasyliuk
- Department of Physiology of Industrial Microorganisms, Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Science of Ukraine , 154, Zabolotnogo str, 03143 , Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Svitlana V. Prylutska
- Department Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , 64/13, Volodymyrska Str., 01601 , Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Nataliia Yu. Strutynska
- Department Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , 64/13, Volodymyrska Str., 01601 , Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Oksana V. Livitska
- Department Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , 64/13, Volodymyrska Str., 01601 , Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Mykola S. Slobodyanik
- Department Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , 64/13, Volodymyrska Str., 01601 , Kyiv , Ukraine
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Babu S, Vaishya R, Butta H, Sardana R, Mehndiratta L, Gulati Y, Kharbanda Y, Tandon H. A retrospective analysis of the prosthetic joint infections of the hip and knee at a tertiary care center of India. APOLLO MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/am.am_9_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Iversen S, Johannesen TB, Ingham AC, Edslev SM, Tevell S, Månsson E, Nilsdotter-Augustinsson Å, Söderquist B, Stegger M, Andersen PS. Alteration of Bacterial Communities in Anterior Nares and Skin Sites of Patients Undergoing Arthroplasty Surgery: Analysis by 16S rRNA and Staphylococcal-Specific tuf Gene Sequencing. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1977. [PMID: 33322779 PMCID: PMC7763315 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to study alterations of bacterial communities in patients undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty to assess the impact of chlorhexidine gluconate soap decolonisation and systemic antibiotic prophylaxis. A Swedish multicentre, prospective collection of samples obtained from elective arthroplasty patients (n = 83) by swabbing anterior nares, skin sites in the groin and the site of planned surgery, before and after arthroplasty surgery, was analysed by 16S rRNA (V3-V4) gene sequencing and a complementary targeted tuf gene sequencing approach to comprehensively characterise alterations in staphylococcal communities. Significant reductions in alpha diversity was detected for both bacterial (p = 0.04) and staphylococcal (p = 0.03) groin communities after arthroplasty surgery with significant reductions in relative Corynebacterium (p = 0.001) abundance and Staphylococcus hominis (p = 0.01) relative staphylococcal abundance. In nares, significant reductions occurred for Staphylococcus hominis (p = 0.02), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (p = 0.02), and Staphylococcus pasteuri (p = 0.003) relative to other staphylococci. Staphylococcus aureus colonised 35% of anterior nares before and 26% after arthroplasty surgery. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most abundant staphylococcal species at all sampling sites. No bacterial genus or staphylococcal species increased significantly after arthroplasty surgery. Application of a targeted tuf gene sequencing approach provided auxiliary staphylococcal community profiles and allowed species-level characterisation directly from low biomass clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Iversen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark; (T.B.J.); (A.C.I.); (S.M.E.); (M.S.); (P.S.A.)
| | - Thor Bech Johannesen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark; (T.B.J.); (A.C.I.); (S.M.E.); (M.S.); (P.S.A.)
| | - Anna Cäcilia Ingham
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark; (T.B.J.); (A.C.I.); (S.M.E.); (M.S.); (P.S.A.)
| | - Sofie Marie Edslev
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark; (T.B.J.); (A.C.I.); (S.M.E.); (M.S.); (P.S.A.)
| | - Staffan Tevell
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Centre for Clinical Research and Education, County Council of Värmland, SE-651 82 Karlstad, Sweden;
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; (E.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Emeli Månsson
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; (E.M.); (B.S.)
- Centre for Clinical Research, Hospital Västmanland, Uppsala University, Region Västmanland, SE‐721 89 Västerås, Sweden
| | - Åsa Nilsdotter-Augustinsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Norrköping, Sweden;
| | - Bo Söderquist
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; (E.M.); (B.S.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Marc Stegger
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark; (T.B.J.); (A.C.I.); (S.M.E.); (M.S.); (P.S.A.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; (E.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Paal Skytt Andersen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark; (T.B.J.); (A.C.I.); (S.M.E.); (M.S.); (P.S.A.)
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Lausmann C, Kolle KN, Citak M, Abdelaziz H, Schulmeyer J, Delgado GD, Gehrke T, Gebauer M, Zahar A. How reliable is the next generation of multiplex-PCR for diagnosing prosthetic joint infection compared to the MSIS criteria? Still missing the ideal test. Hip Int 2020; 30:72-77. [PMID: 32907419 DOI: 10.1177/1120700020938576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Identification of the pathogen in case of a periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains 1 of the greatest challenges in septic surgery. Rapid germ identification enables timely, specific, antimicrobial therapy. The first multiplex PCR (polymerase chain reaction) generation (Unyvero-i60) enables germ detection within 5 hours with a sensitivity of 78.8% and a specificity of 100%. The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of the new generation of cartridges (Unyvero-ITI) of multiplex PCR in the case of a PJI. METHODS In a prospective study, intraoperatively aspirated synovial fluid from 97 patients with aseptic or septic hip or knee revision surgery (49 aseptic, 48 septic) was examined with the multiplex PCR system (Unyvero-ITI) and the results were compared with the MSIS criteria. In addition, the time until the microbiological result was obtained in the event of a germ detection was documented. RESULTS The multiplex PCR showed a germ detection with a sensitivity of 85.1% and a specificity of 98.0%. In 7 cases a false negative result was found and in one patient a false positive result was found. The general accuracy of this test procedure was 91.8%. The detection of germs was carried out within 5 hours with the multiplex PCR compared to 4.9 days in conventional microbiological diagnostics. CONCLUSIONS The new generation of multiplex-PCR was able to improve germ detection. The possibility of prompt detection of germs offers the option of faster, targeted antimicrobial therapy. This diagnostic tool offers significant advantages, particularly in the context of an acute periprosthetic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lausmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Helios ENDO-Klinik Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kim Niklas Kolle
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Helios ENDO-Klinik Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mustafa Citak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Helios ENDO-Klinik Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hussein Abdelaziz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Helios ENDO-Klinik Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Juan Schulmeyer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Helios ENDO-Klinik Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gio D Delgado
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Helios ENDO-Klinik Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Orthopaedics, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Thorsten Gehrke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Helios ENDO-Klinik Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Gebauer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Roland Klinik, Bremen, Germany
| | - Akos Zahar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Berlin, Germany
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20
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Kalbian I, Park JW, Goswami K, Lee YK, Parvizi J, Koo KH. Culture-negative periprosthetic joint infection: prevalence, aetiology, evaluation, recommendations, and treatment. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2020; 44:1255-1261. [DOI: 10.1007/s00264-020-04627-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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21
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Abstract
Culture-negative periprosthetic joint infections (CN-PJI) pose a significant challenge in terms of diagnosis and management. The reported incidence of CN-PJI is reported to be between 7% and 15%. Fungi and mycobacterium are thought to be responsible for over 85% of such cases with more fastidious bacteria accounting for the rest. With the advent of polymerase chain reaction, mass spectrometry and next generation sequencing, identifying the causative organism(s) may become easier but such techniques are not readily available and are very costly. There are a number of more straightforward and relatively low-cost methods to help surgeons maximize the chances of diagnosing a PJI and identify the organisms responsible. This review article summarizes the main diagnostic tests currently available as well as providing a simple diagnostic clinical algorithm for CN-PJI.
Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:585-594. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180067
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeya Palan
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Ciaran Nolan
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Kostas Sarantos
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Richard Westerman
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Richard King
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Pedro Foguet
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
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22
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Methods Used for the Eradication of Staphylococcal Biofilms. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:antibiotics8040174. [PMID: 31590240 PMCID: PMC6963202 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8040174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is considered one of the leading pathogens responsible for community and healthcare-associated infections. Among them, infections caused by methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA) are connected with ineffective or prolonged treatment. The therapy of staphylococcal infections faces many difficulties, not only because of the bacteria's resistance to antibiotics and the multiplicity of virulence factors it produces, but also due to its ability to form a biofilm. The present review focuses on several approaches used for the assessment of staphylococcal biofilm eradication. The methods described here are successfully applied in research on the prevention of biofilm-associated infections, as well as in their management. They include not only the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of novel compounds, but also the methods for biomaterial functionalization. Moreover, the advantages and limitations of different dyes and techniques used for biofilm characterization are discussed. Therefore, this review may be helpful for those scientists who work on the development of new antistaphylococcal compounds.
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Drago L, Clerici P, Morelli I, Ashok J, Benzakour T, Bozhkova S, Alizadeh C, Del Sel H, Sharma HK, Peel T, Mattina R, Romanò CL. The World Association against Infection in Orthopaedics and Trauma (WAIOT) procedures for Microbiological Sampling and Processing for Periprosthetic Joint Infections (PJIs) and other Implant-Related Infections. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E933. [PMID: 31261744 PMCID: PMC6678965 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8070933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While implant-related infections continue to play a relevant role in failure of implantable biomaterials in orthopaedic and trauma there is a lack of standardised microbiological procedures to identify the pathogen(s). The microbiological diagnosis of implant-related infections is challenging due to the following factors: the presence of bacterial biofilm(s), often associated with slow-growing microorganisms, low bacterial loads, previous antibiotic treatments and, possible intra-operative contamination. Therefore, diagnosis requires a specific set of procedures. Based on the Guidelines of the Italian Association of the Clinical Microbiologists (AMCLI), the World Association against Infection in Orthopaedics and Trauma has drafted the present document. This document includes guidance on the basic principles for sampling and processing for implant-related infections based on the most relevant literature. These procedures outline the main microbiological approaches, including sampling and processing methodologies for diagnostic assessment and confirmation of implant-related infections. Biofilm dislodgement techniques, incubation time and the role of molecular approaches are addressed in specific sections. The aim of this paper is to ensure a standardised approach to the main microbiological methods for implant-related infections, as well as to promote multidisciplinary collaboration between clinicians and microbiologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Drago
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20100 Milano, Italy.
| | - Pierangelo Clerici
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, AO Legnano Hospital, AMCLI, 20025 Milano, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Morelli
- Residency Program in Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Milan, 20100 Milano, Italy.
| | - Johari Ashok
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics and Spine Surgery, Children's Orthopedic Centre, Mumbai 230532, India.
| | | | - Svetlana Bozhkova
- Department of Prevention and Treatment of Wound Infection, R.R. Vreden Russian Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, 33701 S. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Chingiz Alizadeh
- Traumatology & Orthopedics Department, Baku Health Clinic, 1005 Baku, Azerbaijian.
| | - Hernán Del Sel
- Department of Orthopaedics, British Hospital Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires B1675, Argentina.
| | - Hemant K Sharma
- Hull University Teaching Hospitals, Anlaby Road, Hull HU3 2JZ, UK.
| | - Trisha Peel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
| | - Roberto Mattina
- Department of Odontoiatric and Surgical Sciences, University of Milan, 20100 Milano, Italy.
| | - Carlo Luca Romanò
- Studio Medico Cecca-Romanò, corso Venezia, 2, 20121 Milano, Italy.
- Romano Institute, Rruga Ibrahim Rugova, 1001 Tirane, Albania.
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Kamp MC, van Kempen RWTM, Janssen L, van der Steen MCM. First results of a uniform regional treatment protocol and registration for acute prosthetic join infection in the South-East of the Netherlands. J Bone Jt Infect 2019; 4:133-139. [PMID: 31192113 PMCID: PMC6536805 DOI: 10.7150/jbji.33039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a relatively uncommon (average incidence 0.5-2%) but devastating complication, with significant morbidity and leading to tremendously increased health care costs. In 2013, delegates from nine hospitals covering a large region in the South-East Netherlands composed one combined treatment protocol for acute PJI of total hip and knee arthroplasty (THA and TKA). This protocol was based on the definition of acute PJI according to Workgroup of the American Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) and the principles of debridement, antibiotics, irrigation and retention (DAIR). Methods: Patients with a THA or TKA treated with DAIR because of suspicion of PJI were selected from the online PJI database. PJI was defined as at least two phenotypically identical pathogens, isolated in cultures from at least two separate tissues, obtained from the affected prosthetic joint. Acute PJIs, occurring within 90 days after primary implantation, between January 2014 and December 2016, were analyzed. We analyzed the PJI incidence rate, patient clinical and microbiological characteristics of PJI, outcome of the DAIR treatment and adherence to the regional protocol. Results: A total of 310 primary THA or TKA with a suspected PJI were registered in the regional PJI database, 236 met the definition of acute PJI, representing overall incidence of 1.12%. Following the regional treatment protocol replacement of exchangeable parts took place in 45% in 2014 to 70% in 2016. After 12 months follow-up, prosthesis retention was achieved in 87% and 3% of the patients died within one year after the primary surgery. Conclusion: Results of the regional cohort are in line with the available literature. Regional collaboration and regular feedback on registered data resulted in better adherence to the combined treatment protocol. Despite our attempts to improve PJI care, PJI remains a serious complication of THA and TKA with a significant mortality rate and burden for the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud C Kamp
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, Postbus 1350, 5602 ZA Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Radboudumc , Postbus 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Robin W T M van Kempen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, Postbus 1350, 5602 ZA Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Loes Janssen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, VieCuri Medical Centre, Postbus 1926, 5900 BX Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - M C Marieke van der Steen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, Postbus 1350, 5602 ZA Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Orthopaedic Center Máxima, Máxima Medical Center, Postbus 90052, 5600 PD Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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25
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Minimum 5 years’ follow-up after gentamicin- and clindamycin-loaded PMMA cement in total joint arthroplasty. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:475-479. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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26
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Scott BNV, Sarkar T, Kratofil RM, Kubes P, Thanabalasuriar A. Unraveling the host's immune response to infection: Seeing is believing. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:323-335. [PMID: 30776153 PMCID: PMC6849780 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4ri1218-503r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been appreciated that understanding the interactions between the host and the pathogens that make us sick is critical for the prevention and treatment of disease. As antibiotics become increasingly ineffective, targeting the host and specific bacterial evasion mechanisms are becoming novel therapeutic approaches. The technology used to understand host‐pathogen interactions has dramatically advanced over the last century. We have moved away from using simple in vitro assays focused on single‐cell events to technologies that allow us to observe complex multicellular interactions in real time in live animals. Specifically, intravital microscopy (IVM) has improved our understanding of infection, from viral to bacterial to parasitic, and how the host immune system responds to these infections. Yet, at the same time it has allowed us to appreciate just how complex these interactions are and that current experimental models still have a number of limitations. In this review, we will discuss the advances in vivo IVM has brought to the study of host‐pathogen interactions, focusing primarily on bacterial infections and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney N V Scott
- University of Calgary Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tina Sarkar
- University of Calgary Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rachel M Kratofil
- University of Calgary Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul Kubes
- University of Calgary Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ajitha Thanabalasuriar
- University of Calgary Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Microbial Sciences, MedImmune/AstraZeneca LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
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27
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Anemüller R, Belden K, Brause B, Citak M, Del Pozo JL, Frommelt L, Gehrke T, Hewlett A, Higuera CA, Hughes H, Kheir M, Kim KI, Konan S, Lausmann C, Marculescu C, Morata L, Ramirez I, Rossmann M, Silibovsky R, Soriano A, Suh GA, Vogely C, Volpin A, Yombi J, Zahar A, Zimmerli W. Hip and Knee Section, Treatment, Antimicrobials: Proceedings of International Consensus on Orthopedic Infections. J Arthroplasty 2019; 34:S463-S475. [PMID: 30348582 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2018.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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28
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Lee YD, Jeon YH, Kim YH, Ha KY, Hur JW, Ryu KS, Kim JS, Kim YJ. Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients with Culture-Negative Pyogenic Spondylitis according to Empiric Glycopeptide Use. Infect Chemother 2019; 51:274-283. [PMID: 31583861 PMCID: PMC6779574 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2019.51.3.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The optimal choice of antibiotics is challenging in culture-negative pyogenic spondylitis (PS). The empiric use of glycopeptides is suggested depending on various risk factors, although clinical data are sparse. This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with culture-negative PS and evaluate the effect of empiric glycopeptide use on clinical outcomes in these patients. Materials and Methods Data on the characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of 175 patients diagnosed with PS were retrospectively obtained from the electronic database of a tertiary referral hospital from 2009 to 2016. Patients with negative culture results were grouped by the duration of glycopeptide treatment: glycopeptide therapy <28 days (Group A) and glycopeptide therapy ≥28 days (Group B). Results Of 89 patients with negative culture results, 78 were included in the analysis (Group A, n = 66; Group B, n = 12). The mean age of patients with negative culture results was 65.5 years, and 52.6% were male. The median follow-up duration was 573 (interquartile range [IQR], 83 – 1,037) days. The duration of intravenous glycopeptide therapy was 0.0 (IQR, 0.0 – 0.0) days and 55.5 (IQR, 37.0 – 75.7) days for Groups A and B, respectively. Patients who used glycopeptide longer empirically (Group B) had more commonly undergone a previous spinal procedure, including surgery (P = 0.024). The length of hospitalization, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein level were significantly higher in Group B compared with those in Group A (P <0.001, P <0.001, and P = 0.006, respectively). Regarding treatment modalities, patients in Group B underwent surgery more frequently (P = 0.017). The duration of parenteral antibiotic treatment was longer in Group B (P <0.001). Recurrence was noted in 7 patients (9.0%), and the recurrence rate was not significantly different between the 2 groups (Group A, 5/66 [7.6%]; Group B, 2/12 [16.7%]; P = 0.293). Conclusion The recurrence rate among patients with culture-negative PS was not different based on the duration of empiric glycopeptide use. However, considering the small sample size and heterogeneity of our study population, we suggest that it is reasonable to administer glycopeptide antibiotics in these patients depending on clinical risk factors. Further large-scale prospective studies are needed to obtain more evidence for appropriate antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Dae Lee
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Yoon Hee Jeon
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Hoon Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee Yong Ha
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Woo Hur
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyeong Sik Ryu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Sung Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youn Jeong Kim
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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29
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Li ZL, Hou YF, Zhang BQ, Chen YF, Wang Q, Wang K, Chen ZY, Li XW, Lin JH. Identifying Common Pathogens in Periprosthetic Joint Infection and Testing Drug-resistance Rate for Different Antibiotics: A Prospective, Single Center Study in Beijing. Orthop Surg 2018; 10:235-240. [PMID: 30152610 DOI: 10.1111/os.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to identify the common microorganisms causing PJI as well as the drug-resistant spectrum for each microorganism, to help orthopaedic surgeons to choose appropriate antibiotics. METHOD One hundred and sixty patients who suffered from failure of primary or revision total hip or knee arthroplasty for different reasons were prospectively recruited. These patients underwent revision or re-revision total hip or knee arthroplasty in our institution between August 2013 to August 2016. The details of patients' medical history and comprehensive physical examination, as well as demographic data were recorded precisely. Routine blood test results, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, and synovial leukocyte counts were collected. Additionally, aspiration was conducted during surgery to avoid pollution unless when PJI was strongly suspected, in which case, joint puncture and aspiration were conducted before surgery. Intraoperatively, the implant-surrounding tissue and the prosthesis were collected under aseptic conditions. Postoperatively, the prosthesis, implant-surrounding tissue and synovium were sent to the laboratory immediately. The sonicate extraction (the prosthesis was sent for ultrasound sonication first), implant surrounding tissue and synovium were sent for microbiologic culture, and the implant-surrounding tissue was also sent for pathological examination. The isolated bacteria strains and drug-resistance rates for each pathogen for different antibiotics were presented. RESULTS There were 59 PJI cases in the infectious group and 101 cases in the non-infectious group (PJI is diagnosed according to the diagnosing criteria from the Workgroup of the Musculoskeletal Infection Society). Of 69 strains of pathogens isolated, Gram-positive bacterium is the most common pathogenic bacteria causing PJI (60, 86.96%). Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus played an important role as well, followed by Gram-negative bacteria (8, 11.59%) and fungus (1, 1.45%). Penicillin (78.57%), erythromycin (66.67%) and clindamycin (44.74%) showed high antibiotic resistance rate. In addition, the second-generation cephalosporin, usually as the prophylactic antibiotic, resistance rate was high (20%) as well. Fortunately, no vancomycin-resistant bacteria were discovered in the current study. CONCLUSION This study provides some information on the most common pathogens in our institution and the selection of antibiotics in the perioperative period in northern China. Cefuroxime and clindamycin might not be appropriate for use as prophylactic antibiotics in revision total knee or hip arthroplasty. Vancomycin is ideal for empiric antibiotic use in suspected PJI cases because of the low drug-resistance rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Lai Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou Second Hospital of Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China.,Arthritis Clinic and Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Fei Hou
- Arthritis Clinic and Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bao-Qing Zhang
- Arthritis Clinic and Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yi-Fan Chen
- Arthritis Clinic and Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Arthritis Clinic and Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Yu Chen
- Arthritis Clinic and Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Li
- Arthritis Clinic and Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Hao Lin
- Arthritis Clinic and Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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30
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The Preoperative Microbial Detection is No Prerequisite for the Indication of Septic Revision in Cases of Suspected Periprosthetic Joint Infection. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1729605. [PMID: 30035117 PMCID: PMC6032972 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1729605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aim of This Study Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) require a special antimicrobial regimen, fundamentally different from an aseptic treatment, making a correct preoperative diagnosis essential. However, a successful preoperative microbe detection is not always possible. We wanted to find out (1) if a preoperative microbe detection is a prerequisite before starting a septic revision in suspected PJIs or if the preoperative diagnosis can solely be based on (para)clinical signs (persistent CRP >1 mg/dl, early X-ray loosening signs in the first 5 years, leucocytes joint aspiration >1700/µl, conspicuous history, and clinical signs like redness, pain, hyperthermia, swelling, and loss of function); (2) if patients with and without preoperative microbe detection have a different outcome; and (3) if the microbial growth is the most important criterion of a multifactorial PJI definition. Methods We included all first-line two-stage hip (49) and knee (47) revisions, performed in our department from 06/2013 on, with an available 2-year follow-up. A PJI was defined as one of the following four criteria: fistula or purulence, Krenn Morawietz type 2 or 3, joint aspirate > 2000/μl leukocytes or >70% granulocytes, and microbial growth. This multifactorial PJI definition was based on the European Bone and Joint Infection Society (EBJIS). The standardized diagnostic algorithm is described in detail. Results (1) 24 hip and 16 knee cases were treated without preoperative microbe detection solely on the basis of a (para)clinical diagnosis (see above). In the hip 91.6% (22 of 24 cases) showed an intraoperative microbe detection. In the knee, in 68.7% (11 of 16 cases) a microbe was detected intraoperatively and in 93.7% (15 of 16) at least one secure PJI criterion could be confirmed intraoperatively. (2) No statistical significant (p .517) difference between patients with (n = 56, reinfection rate 8.9%) and without (n = 40, 15%) preoperative microbe detection was found in a 2-year follow-up. (3) Microbial growth remains the overall (pre- and intraoperatively) most important criterion (hip 95.9%; knee 89.3%), followed by Krenn Morawietz for the intraoperative diagnosis (hip 67.3%, knee 48.9%), and joint aspiration for the knee and fistula for the hip, respectively, as preoperative criteria. Conclusion High rates of intraoperatively fulfilled EBJIS PJI criteria show that a preoperative microbe detection is not necessary before intervening in suspected PJIs. The indication for a septic revision can solely be based on (para)clinical signs. The new established diagnostic algorithm based on a multifactorial PJI definition showed high precision in finding PJIs.
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31
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Ibrahim MS, Twaij H, Haddad FS. Two-stage revision for the culture-negative infected total hip arthroplasty : A comparative study. Bone Joint J 2018; 100-B:3-8. [PMID: 29292333 PMCID: PMC6424436 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.100b1.bjj-2017-0626.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aims Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains a challenging complication
following total hip arthroplasty (THA). It is associated with high
levels of morbidity, mortality and expense. Guidelines and protocols
exist for the management of culture-positive patients. Managing
culture-negative patients with a PJI poses a greater challenge to
surgeons and the wider multidisciplinary team as clear guidance
is lacking. Patients and Methods We aimed to compare the outcomes of treatment for 50 consecutive
culture-negative and 50 consecutive culture-positive patients who
underwent two-stage revision THA for chronic infection with a minimum
follow-up of five years. Results There was no significant difference in the outcomes between the
two groups of patients, with a similar rate of re-infection of 6%,
five years post-operatively. Culture-negative PJIs were associated
with older age, smoking, referral from elsewhere and pre-operative
antibiotic treatment. The samples in the culture-negative patients
were negative before the first stage (aspiration), during the first-stage
(implant removal) and second-stage procedures (re-implantation). Conclusion Adherence to strict protocols for selecting and treating culture-negative
patients with a PJI using the same two-stage revision approach that
we employ for complex culture-positive PJIs is important in order
to achieve control of the infection in this difficult group of patients. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;(1 Supple
A)100-B:3–8.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Ibrahim
- The Royal London, Whitechapel Road, London, E1 1BB, UK
| | - H Twaij
- Kingston Hospital, Galsworthy Road, London, UK
| | - F S Haddad
- University College London Hospitals, 235 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BU, UK and NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UK
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32
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Gandhi R, Silverman E, Courtney PM, Lee GC. How Many Cultures Are Necessary to Identify Pathogens in the Management of Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Infections? J Arthroplasty 2017; 32:2825-2828. [PMID: 28479058 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of the infecting organism is critical to the successful management of deep prosthetic joint infections about the hip and the knee. However, the number of culture specimens and which culture specimens are best to identify these organisms is unknown. METHODS We evaluated 113 consecutive patients with infected total hip and total knee arthroplasties and correlated the type of culture specimen and number of specimens taken during surgery to the likelihood of a positive culture result. From these data, we subsequently developed a model to maximize culture yield at the time of surgical intervention. After exclusions, 74 patients meeting the Musculoskeletal Infection Society criteria were left for final analysis. RESULTS From this cohort, 63 of 74 patients had a positive culture result (85%). The odds of a fluid culture result being positive was 35 of 47 (0.75), whereas the likelihood of tissue cultures yielding a positive result was 164 of 245 (0.67; P = .313). The sample designated "best culture" specimen was the only culture with a positive result in 1 of 48 cases in which a best culture was identified. The optimal number of cultures needed to yield a positive test result was 4 (specificity = 0.61 and sensitivity = 0.63). Increasing the number of samples increases sensitivity but reduces specificity. CONCLUSION A minimum of 4 tissue cultures from representative areas is necessary to maximize the chance of identifying the infecting organism during management of the infected total hip and total knee arthroplasties. The designation of the best culture specimen for additional testing is arbitrary and may not be clinically efficacious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikesh Gandhi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Edward Silverman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Paul M Courtney
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gwo-Chin Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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33
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Yoon HK, Cho SH, Lee DY, Kang BH, Lee SH, Moon DG, Kim DH, Nam DC, Hwang SC. A Review of the Literature on Culture-Negative Periprosthetic Joint Infection: Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Treatment. Knee Surg Relat Res 2017; 29:155-164. [PMID: 28854760 PMCID: PMC5596406 DOI: 10.5792/ksrr.16.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The prevalence of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) has increased with the increasing incidence of arthroplasty surgery. Considering identification of causative microorganisms is crucial for treatment of PJI, culture-negative (CN) PJI is a significant clinical issue. The purpose of the present study is to describe epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of CN PJI based on review of the literature to help prevent delayed diagnosis and improve clinical outcomes of CN PJI. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Scopus databases were searched for articles on CN PJI. Only clinical studies written in English were included. Basic science studies, letters to the editor, case reports and review articles on PJI were excluded. Results Seven studies were included in this study. The prevalence of CN PJI ranged from 0% to 42.1%. The major risk factors for CN PJI were prior antibiotic use and presence of postoperative wound drainage. Vancomycin and cephalosporins were the most commonly used antibiotics for CN PJI. Two-stage revision arthroplasty followed by 6 weeks of antibiotic therapy produced the most successful treatment outcomes. Conclusions In most clinical studies on CN PJI, a definite diagnostic method for identifying causative microorganisms or optimal treatment strategy for CN PJI were not clearly described. Therefore, further studies are needed to establish standard diagnostic methods for identifying infecting organisms and treatment strategies for CN PJI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Kwon Yoon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Seong-Hee Cho
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Dong-Yeong Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Byeong-Hun Kang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gangneung Armed Hospital, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Dong-Gyu Moon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Dae-Cheol Nam
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Sun-Chul Hwang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
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