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Zhou J, Hua Y, Liu Y, Wu T, Xu H, Wang Z, Wang X, Niu J. A mutual regulatory loop between transcription factor Yin Yang 1 and hepatitis B virus replication influences chronic hepatitis B. Antiviral Res 2024; 226:105889. [PMID: 38631661 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections pose a major threat to human health. HBV can upregulate the expression of the transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) in in vitro cytological experiments, suggesting an association between YY1 and HBV infection. However, data on YY1 expression in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients are lacking. In this study, we aimed to assess the correlation between YY1 expression and HBV infection. We detected serum YY1 levels in 420 patients with chronic HBV infection, 30 patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection, and 32 healthy controls using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The correlation between YY1 levels and clinical parameters was analyzed. Meanwhile, the changes of YY1 before and after interferon or entecavir treatment were analyzed. YY1 levels in the liver tissues were detected using immunofluorescence staining. The expression of YY1 in HBV-expressing cells was detected through western blotting. Meanwhile, we explored the effects of YY1 on HBV replication and gene expression. We found that YY1 was highly expressed in the serum and liver tissues of CHB patients. Serum YY1 levels positively correlated with HBV DNA and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Additionally, HBV DNA levels increased but HBsAg levels decreased after HBV-expressing cells overexpress YY1. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that YY1 plays an important role in HBV replication and gene expression, providing a potential target for the treatment of CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Department of Hepatology, Centre of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Yunhao Hua
- Infection Control Department, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Department of Hepatology, Centre of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Hepatology, Centre of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Hongqin Xu
- Department of Hepatology, Centre of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Zhongfeng Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Centre of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Centre of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Junqi Niu
- Department of Hepatology, Centre of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
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2
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Wang C, Zhang S, Zhao J, Wang M, Lu QB, Liu B, Du J, Cui F. Changes and gaps of global and regional disease burden of hepatitis B infection in children younger than 5 years old between 2015 and 2019: A real-world data review. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29241. [PMID: 38010806 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been declared an ongoing health threat, especially infections among children. We compared and updated the disease burden of HBV infection and the effectiveness of vaccination among children younger than 5 years to offer indications for hepatitis B prevention across the world. The country-level data on the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), the coverages of hepatitis B vaccine birth-dose (HepB-BD), three-dose series (HepB3), income level, population density/size, and human development index were collected from open access databases including WHO, UNICEF, and World Bank. Comparison of the prevalence of HBsAg under 5 years old between 2015 and 2019 based on vaccination coverages was conducted by the gamma generalized linear mixed model. Globally, more than 6.3 million HBV infections were estimated in children under 5 years in 2019, compared to 10.1 million in 2015 within the 179 countries involved. The pooled average prevalence of HBsAg among children younger than 5 years decreased from 1.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-1.8) to 0.9% (95% CI: 0.7-1.2). The rate difference or rate ratio was -0.5% (95% CI: -0.6% to -0.3%) or 0.51(95% CI: 0.44-0.58), respectively. Countries from the African region or with lower income/population density/human development indexes bore the most significant disease burden of hepatitis B. Higher coverages of hepatitis B vaccine birth-dose or primary series correlated with significant HBsAg prevalence decreases and much-decreased ratio, independently. Hepatitis B prevention among children under 5 years has significantly been achieved while remaining the most life-threatening disease burden, unequally distributed worldwide. The hepatitis B vaccination should be prioritized for all newborns, especially in those resource-constrained countries or regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Sihui Zhang
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingting Wang
- Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Bin Lu
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fuqiang Cui
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group, Peking University, Beijing, China
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3
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The State of Cancer Care in the United Arab Emirates in 2022. Clin Pract 2022; 12:955-985. [PMID: 36547109 PMCID: PMC9777273 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract12060101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the third-leading cause of death in the United Arab Emirates (UAE); cancer care in the UAE has evolved dramatically over the last 40 years, from a single center in Al Ain in 1981 to more than 30 cancer centers and clinics across the UAE, with at least four comprehensive cancer centers in the UAE nowadays. Despite the significant progress in medical care, cancer quality control across the UAE is still lacking, with significant variations in cancer care across the cancer centers. Access to clinical trials is still hampered by a lack of expertise and research infrastructure and a small population, which renders patient accrual for trials a major challenge. Education and training are other areas for improvement that require immediate attention, and, in this review, we try to address these critical aspects for stakeholders to consider better cancer care in the UAE. Early cancer detection and screening are still evolving in the UAE, and a national screening program is lacking. There is also a need to address barriers to screening and to consider less invasive screening methods such as approved blood-based screening, which is likely to be more acceptable to the UAE population. In this review, we also address new topics that have not been addressed previously, including oncology medical tourism, psycho-oncology, onco-fertility, precision oncology, survivorship, oncology nursing, cancer support programs, and the oncology sector's response to the COVID-19 pandemic, all in the context of the UAE cancer landscape. Finally, we provide recommendations for policymakers, regulators, payers, patient advocacy groups, and the UAE oncology community regarding the delivery and future planning of high-quality cancer care. These recommendations are aligned with the UAE government's vision to reduce cancer mortality and provide high-quality healthcare for its citizens and residents.
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Marzouk M, Omar M, Sirison K, Ananthakrishnan A, Durrance-Bagale A, Pheerapanyawaranun C, Porncharoen C, Pimsarn N, Lam ST, Ung M, Mougammadou Aribou Z, Dabak SV, Isaranuwatchai W, Howard N. Monitoring and Evaluation of National Vaccination Implementation: A Scoping Review of How Frameworks and Indicators Are Used in the Public Health Literature. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040567. [PMID: 35455316 PMCID: PMC9032699 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) framework helps vaccination programme managers determine progress and effectiveness for agreed indicators against clear benchmarks and targets. We aimed to identify the literature on M&E frameworks and indicators used in national vaccination programmes and synthesise approaches and lessons to inform development of future frameworks. We conducted a scoping review using Arksey and O’Malley’s six-stage framework to identify and synthesise sources on monitoring or evaluation of national vaccination implementation that described a framework or indicators. The findings were summarised thematically. We included 43 eligible sources of 4291 screened. Most (95%) were in English and discussed high-income (51%) or middle-income (30%) settings, with 13 in Europe (30%), 10 in Asia-Pacific (23%), nine in Africa (21%), and eight in the Americas (19%), respectively, while three crossed regions. Only five (12%) specified the use of an M&E framework. Most (32/43; 74%) explicitly or implicitly included vaccine coverage indicators, followed by 12 including operational (28%), five including clinical (12%), and two including cost indicators (5%). The use of M&E frameworks was seldom explicit or clearly defined in our sources, with indicators rarely fully defined or benchmarked against targets. Sources focused on ways to improve vaccination programmes without explicitly considering ways to improve assessment. Literature on M&E framework and indicator use in national vaccination programmes is limited and focused on routine childhood vaccination. Therefore, documentation of more experiences and lessons is needed to better inform vaccination M&E beyond childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar Marzouk
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117549, Singapore; (M.M.); (S.T.L.); (M.U.); (Z.M.A.); (N.H.)
| | - Maryam Omar
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Newham University Hospital, London E13 8SL, UK;
| | - Kanchanok Sirison
- Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (A.A.); (C.P.); (C.P.); (N.P.); (S.V.D.); (W.I.)
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (A.D.-B.)
| | - Aparna Ananthakrishnan
- Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (A.A.); (C.P.); (C.P.); (N.P.); (S.V.D.); (W.I.)
| | - Anna Durrance-Bagale
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117549, Singapore; (M.M.); (S.T.L.); (M.U.); (Z.M.A.); (N.H.)
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, UK
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (A.D.-B.)
| | - Chatkamol Pheerapanyawaranun
- Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (A.A.); (C.P.); (C.P.); (N.P.); (S.V.D.); (W.I.)
| | - Charatpol Porncharoen
- Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (A.A.); (C.P.); (C.P.); (N.P.); (S.V.D.); (W.I.)
| | - Nopphadol Pimsarn
- Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (A.A.); (C.P.); (C.P.); (N.P.); (S.V.D.); (W.I.)
| | - Sze Tung Lam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117549, Singapore; (M.M.); (S.T.L.); (M.U.); (Z.M.A.); (N.H.)
| | - Mengieng Ung
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117549, Singapore; (M.M.); (S.T.L.); (M.U.); (Z.M.A.); (N.H.)
| | - Zeenathnisa Mougammadou Aribou
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117549, Singapore; (M.M.); (S.T.L.); (M.U.); (Z.M.A.); (N.H.)
| | - Saudamini V. Dabak
- Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (A.A.); (C.P.); (C.P.); (N.P.); (S.V.D.); (W.I.)
| | - Wanrudee Isaranuwatchai
- Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (A.A.); (C.P.); (C.P.); (N.P.); (S.V.D.); (W.I.)
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, 155 College St., Toronto, ON M5T 3M6, Canada
| | - Natasha Howard
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117549, Singapore; (M.M.); (S.T.L.); (M.U.); (Z.M.A.); (N.H.)
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, UK
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Colucci G, Uceda Renteria S, Lunghi G, Ceriotti F, Sguazzini E, Spalenza S, Regazzo C, Lampertico P, Colombo M. Italian migrants study: An HCV and HBV micro-elimination pilot project. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2022; 46:101852. [PMID: 34923181 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2021.101852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migrants represent a key target population for viral hepatitis micro-elimination programs and are important targets for specific prevention, screening and treatment programs. AIMS To raise awareness on viral hepatitis among migrants and key stakeholders, assess the prevalence of HBV and HCV among migrants, and determine an optimal and scalable viral hepatitis screening and treatment protocol. MATERIAL AND METHODS Unselected, consecutive migrants reaching the costs of Italy were screened for HBV, HCV, HDV and HIV markers. Anagraphic and anamnestic information were used to identify viral hepatitis endemic hotspots in the countries of birth or transit. Personal data, including migration route, test results and treatment, were collected and stored in a dedicated database RESULTS: 362 patients were recruited in 2019; median age was 28 years, 71% were male. Most of the patients were African (54%) or Asian (40%). 49% positive for at least one HBV marker: 2.2% HBsAg (asymptomatic carriers with low viremia); 10.6% anti-HBs; 28.5% anti-HBs and anti-HBc, 1.7% anti-HCV, 0.6% anti-HIV, with low or undetectable viral load. Libya was the nexus shared by most of the positive, reactive cases. HCV and HIV markers were only found in migrants already resident in Italy for more than 6-12 months. CONCLUSION Low to moderate prevalence of hepatitis B markers were observed in African and Asian first arrival migrants. Migrants positive for HCV and HIV likely acquired the infection after arrival in Italy, suggesting migrants are at risk of contracting viral infections once in Italy, highlighting the importance of ensuring access to prevention for migrant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Colucci
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Sara Uceda Renteria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Virology Unit, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lunghi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Virology Unit, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Ceriotti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Virology Unit, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Sguazzini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Pietro Lampertico
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Colombo
- EASL International Liver Foundation (EILF), Geneve, Switzerland
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6
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Lazarus JV, Mark HE, Sanai FM, Hashim A, Farghaly M, Alqahtani SA, Al-Awadhi S. Gulf Cooperation Council states: On the brink of HBV elimination. Liver Int 2021; 41:2805-2808. [PMID: 34562293 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey V Lazarus
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Henry E Mark
- EASL International Liver Foundation, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Faisal M Sanai
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Saleh A Alqahtani
- Liver Transplant Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Liu Y, Veeraraghavan V, Pinkerton M, Fu J, Douglas MW, George J, Tu T. Viral Biomarkers for Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma Occurrence and Recurrence. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:665201. [PMID: 34194408 PMCID: PMC8236856 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.665201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death. The most common risk factor for developing HCC is chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Early stages of HBV-related HCC (HBV-HCC) are generally asymptomatic. Moreover, while serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and abdominal ultrasound are widely used to screen for HCC, they have poor sensitivity. Thus, HBV-HCC is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage, in which there are limited treatment options and high mortality rates. Serum biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity are crucial for earlier diagnosis of HCC and improving survival rates. As viral-host interactions are key determinants of pathogenesis, viral biomarkers may add greater diagnostic power for HCC than host biomarkers alone. In this review, we summarize recent research on using virus-derived biomarkers for predicting HCC occurrence and recurrence; including circulating viral DNA, RNA transcripts, and viral proteins. Combining these viral biomarkers with AFP and abdominal ultrasound could improve sensitivity and specificity of early diagnosis, increasing the survival of patients with HBV-HCC. In the future, as the mechanisms that drive HBV-HCC to become clearer, new biomarkers may be identified which can further improve early diagnosis of HBV-HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vaishnavi Veeraraghavan
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Monica Pinkerton
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Jianjun Fu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mark W Douglas
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas Tu
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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AlShamlan NA, Al Shammari MA. Hepatitis B-C and human immunodeficiency virus: seroprevalence and associated factors among health students in Saudi Arabia. Hosp Pract (1995) 2021; 49:221-228. [PMID: 33663301 DOI: 10.1080/21548331.2021.1899690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B (HBV), Hepatitis C (HCV), and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) among newly admitted health track students in a large university in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, and determine the students' immunity against HBV, and bloodborne viral infection risk factors or practices among them. METHODS Information about the 1145 students, vaccination history, and exposure to bloodborne viral infections risk factors/practices were collected using a structured questionnaire during August 2020. The results of serological data were obtained from students' electronic files. RESULTS All students tested negative for HBV, HCV, and HIV infections. The seroprevalence of positivity against HBV was 25.8%, and the frequencies of students with protective levels of anti-HBV were inversely related to their age. The majority (70.8%) of students had 1 or 2 identifiable risk factors for bloodborne diseases, and the most frequent risk factor was history of dental intervention. Female students were more than four-times likely to be in the high-risk group for bloodborne infections than males (OR = 4.4; 95% CI: 3.3-5.9). Being from the Central Province of Saudi Arabia (OR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.2-3.1) and having a mother's educational level of master or doctorate (OR = 3.0; 95% CI: 1.3-6.7) were found to be independent predictors of being in the high-risk group. On the other hand, having a family member in the healthcare field was found as a predictor of being in the low-risk group for bloodborne diseases (OR = 0.7; 95% CI: 0.5-0.9). CONCLUSION About three-fourth of students in this study were susceptible to HBV. Our findings stress the need to develop policies to raise awareness regarding bloodborne infectious diseases, in addition to expanding access to HBV vaccination for healthcare staff, especially in older ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf A AlShamlan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak A Al Shammari
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Gençdal G, Yurdaydin C. Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus in the Middle East. LIVER CANCER IN THE MIDDLE EAST 2021:91-99. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78737-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
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10
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Zhu M, Zhang X. Effect of IL-18 on intrauterine infection of HBV in mice on cell molecular level. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:1685-1690. [PMID: 32489312 PMCID: PMC7254044 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of IL-18 on intrauterine infection of HBV (Hepatitis B Virus) in mice based on cellular and molecular level, and to analyze its mechanism, as well as the relationship between IL-18 and intrauterine infection of HBV. Methods Pregnant rats are taken as the study subjects and divided into two groups according to infection and non-infection, namely the study group and the control group. Firstly, the peripheral blood of rats and the blood of newborn mice are collected for the determination of hepatitis B in two-and-a-half pairs. Then, the levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in peripheral serum are detected by ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay). Finally, the two groups of horizontal values are compared and analyzed. The effect of IL-18 on intrauterine infection of HBV in mice is investigated based on the level of cell and molecular. Results The levels of IL-18, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IFN-γ/IL-4 in the two groups are compared and analyzed. The levels of IL-18, IFN-γ and IFN-γ/IL-4 in the study group are significantly lower than those in the control group, with statistical significance. However, the level of IL-4 in the study group is higher than that in the control group, with statistical significance. Conclusion It is found that the decrease of HL-type specific response and the enhancement of Th2-type specific response in pregnant mice are closely related to HBV intrauterine infection. Moreover, the decrease of IL-18 secretion in peripheral blood may cause intrauterine infection of HBV. This study can make people better realize the mechanism of HBV intrauterine infection, and effectively help clinical prevention and treatment of intrauterine infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoqi Zhang
- Corresponding author at: Obstetrical Department, Hanzhong Central Hospital of Shaanxi Province, No.22 Kangfu Road, Hantai District, Hanzhong, 723000 Shaanxi Province, China.
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