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Velazquez FN, Luberto C, Canals D, Hannun YA. Enzymes of sphingolipid metabolism as transducers of metabolic inputs. Biochem Soc Trans 2024:BST20231442. [PMID: 39101614 DOI: 10.1042/bst20231442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SLs) constitute a discrete subdomain of metabolism, and they display both structural and signaling functions. Accumulating evidence also points to intimate connections between intermediary metabolism and SL metabolism. Given that many SLs exhibit bioactive properties (i.e. transduce signals), these raise the possibility that an important function of SLs is to relay information on metabolic changes into specific cell responses. This could occur at various levels. Some metabolites are incorporated into SLs, whereas others may initiate regulatory or signaling events that, in turn, modulate SL metabolism. In this review, we elaborate on the former as it represents a poorly appreciated aspect of SL metabolism, and we develop the hypothesis that the SL network is highly sensitive to several specific metabolic changes, focusing on amino acids (serine and alanine), various fatty acids, choline (and ethanolamine), and glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola N Velazquez
- From the Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Chiara Luberto
- From the Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
- Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Daniel Canals
- From the Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- From the Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
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2
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Leahy C, Osborne N, Shirota L, Rote P, Lee YK, Song BJ, Yin L, Zhang Y, Garcia V, Hardwick JP. The fatty acid omega hydroxylase genes (CYP4 family) in the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): An RNA sequence database analysis and review. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116241. [PMID: 38697309 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acid omega hydroxylase P450s consist of enzymes that hydroxylate various chain-length saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) and bioactive eicosanoid lipids. The human cytochrome P450 gene 4 family (CYP4) consists of 12 members that are associated with several human diseases. However, their role in the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD) remains largely unknown. It has long been thought that the induction of CYP4 family P450 during fasting and starvation prevents FA-related lipotoxicity through FA metabolism to dicarboxylic acids that are chain-shortened in peroxisomes and then transported to the mitochondria for complete oxidation. Several studies have revealed that peroxisome succinate transported to the mitochondria is used for gluconeogenesis during fasting and starvation, and recent evidence suggests that peroxisome acetate can be utilized for lipogenesis and lipid droplet formation as well as epigenetic modification of gene transcription. In addition, omega hydroxylation of the bioactive eicosanoid arachidonic acid to 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) is essential for activating the GPR75 receptor, leading to vasoconstriction and cell proliferation. Several mouse models of diet-induced MASLD have revealed the induction of selective CYP4A members and the suppression of CYP4F during steatosis and steatohepatitis, suggesting a critical metabolic role in the progression of fatty liver disease. Thus, to further investigate the functional roles of CYP4 genes, we analyzed the differential gene expression of 12 members of CYP4 gene family in datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) from patients with steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. We also observed the differential expression of various CYP4 genes in the progression of MASLD, indicating that different CYP4 members may have unique functional roles in the metabolism of specific FAs and eicosanoids at various stages of fatty liver disease. These results suggest that targeting selective members of the CYP4A family is a viable therapeutic approach for treating and managing MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Leahy
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences Liver focus group, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Nicholas Osborne
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences Liver focus group, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Leticia Shirota
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences Liver focus group, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Paula Rote
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences Liver focus group, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Yoon-Kwang Lee
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences Liver focus group, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Liya Yin
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences Liver focus group, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences Liver focus group, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Victor Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, 15 Dana Road Science Building, Rm. 530, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - James P Hardwick
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences Liver focus group, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA.
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Wang Q, Wang J, Zhang X, Liu Y, Han F, Xiang X, Guo Y, Huang ZW. Increased Expression of PHGDH Under High-Selenium Stress In Vivo. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04079-7. [PMID: 38277119 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04079-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the glycolytic remodeling under high-selenium (Se) stress. Three groups of male C57BL/6J mice were fed on diets with different Se contents (0.03, 0.15, and 0.30 mg Se/kg). Glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were measured at the third month. Mice were killed at the fourth month. Plasma, liver, and muscle tissues were fetched for biochemistry and Se analysis. The expressions of insulin signaling pathway (PI3K-AKT-mTOR), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), selenoprotein N (SELENON), 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), serine hydroxymethyltransferases 1 (SHMT1), 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), and methionine synthase (MS) were analyzed by western blotting (WB) in liver and muscle tissues. The results of GTT and ITT showed that glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance were both abnormal in the 0.03 mg Se/kg and 0.3 mg Se/kg groups. Se concentrations in plasma, liver, and muscle of 0.03 mg Se/kg group were significantly lower than that of 0.15 mg Se/kg and 0.30 mg Se/kg groups (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). The expressions of P-Akt (Thr-308) in muscle (p < 0.05) and PI3K and mTOR in liver (p < 0.001) of 0.30 mg Se/kg group were downregulated. The expressions of GPX1 in liver and muscle (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001), SELENON in muscle (p < 0.05), PHGDH in liver and muscle (p < 0.05), and SHMT1 (p < 0.05), MTHFR (p < 0.001), and MS (p < 0.001) in muscle of 0.3 mg Se/kg group were upregulated. The de novo serine synthesis pathway (SSP) was found to be activated in liver and muscle tissues of mice with a high-Se diet for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jianrong Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yiqun Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Feng Han
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xuesong Xiang
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yanbin Guo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhen-Wu Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.
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Mohassel P, Abdullah M, Eichler FS, Dunn TM. Serine Palmitoyltransferase (SPT)-related Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Disorders. J Neuromuscul Dis 2024; 11:735-747. [PMID: 38788085 PMCID: PMC11307022 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-240014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Motor neuron diseases and peripheral neuropathies are heterogeneous groups of neurodegenerative disorders that manifest with distinct symptoms due to progressive dysfunction or loss of specific neuronal subpopulations during different stages of development. A few monogenic, neurodegenerative diseases associated with primary metabolic disruptions of sphingolipid biosynthesis have been recently discovered. Sphingolipids are a subclass of lipids that form critical building blocks of all cellular and subcellular organelle membranes including the membrane components of the nervous system cells. They are especially abundant within the lipid portion of myelin. In this review, we will focus on our current understanding of disease phenotypes in three monogenic, neuromuscular diseases associated with pathogenic variants in components of serine palmitoyltransferase, the first step in sphingolipid biosynthesis. These include hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1 (HSAN1), a sensory predominant peripheral neuropathy, and two neurodegenerative disorders: juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis affecting the upper and lower motor neurons with sparing of sensory neurons, and a complicated form of hereditary spastic paraplegia with selective involvement of the upper motor neurons and more broad CNS neurodegeneration. We will also review our current understanding of disease pathomechanisms, therapeutic approaches, and the unanswered questions to explore in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Mohassel
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Meher Abdullah
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Florian S. Eichler
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Teresa M. Dunn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Shunxi W, Xiaoxue Y, Guanbin S, Li Y, Junyu J, Wanqian L. Serine Metabolic Reprogramming in Tumorigenesis, Tumor Immunity, and Clinical Treatment. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:1050-1066. [PMID: 37187454 PMCID: PMC10509429 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine has been recently identified as an essential metabolite for oncogenesis, progression, and adaptive immunity. Influenced by many physiologic or tumor environmental factors, the metabolic pathways of serine synthesis, uptake, and usage are heterogeneously reprogrammed and frequently amplified in tumor or tumor-associated cells. The hyperactivation of serine metabolism promotes abnormal cellular nucleotide/protein/lipid synthesis, mitochondrial function, and epigenetic modifications, which drive malignant transformation, unlimited proliferation, metastasis, immunosuppression, and drug resistance of tumor cells. Dietary restriction of serine or phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase depletion mitigates tumor growth and extends the survival of tumor patients. Correspondingly, these findings triggered a boom in the development of novel therapeutic agents targeting serine metabolism. In this study, recent discoveries in the underlying mechanism and cellular function of serine metabolic reprogramming are summarized. The vital role of serine metabolism in oncogenesis, tumor stemness, tumor immunity, and therapeutic resistance is outlined. Finally, some potential tumor therapeutic concepts, strategies, and limitations of targeting the serine metabolic pathway are described in detail. Taken together, this review underscores the importance of serine metabolic reprogramming in tumorigenesis and progression and highlights new opportunities for dietary restriction or selective pharmacologic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Shunxi
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Xiaoxue
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Song Guanbin
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Junyu
- Department of Oncology, Chenjiaqiao Hospital, Shapingba, Chongqing, China.
| | - Liu Wanqian
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
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Abstract
Amino acid dysregulation has emerged as an important driver of disease progression in various contexts. l-Serine lies at a central node of metabolism, linking carbohydrate metabolism, transamination, glycine, and folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism to protein synthesis and various downstream bioenergetic and biosynthetic pathways. l-Serine is produced locally in the brain but is sourced predominantly from glycine and one-carbon metabolism in peripheral tissues via liver and kidney metabolism. Compromised regulation or activity of l-serine synthesis and disposal occurs in the context of genetic diseases as well as chronic disease states, leading to low circulating l-serine levels and pathogenesis in the nervous system, retina, heart, and aging muscle. Dietary interventions in preclinical models modulate sensory neuropathy, retinopathy, tumor growth, and muscle regeneration. A serine tolerance test may provide a quantitative readout of l-serine homeostasis that identifies patients who may be susceptible to neuropathy or responsive to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal K Handzlik
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA; ,
| | - Christian M Metallo
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA; ,
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Nikolka F, Karagöz MS, Nassef MZ, Hiller K, Steinert M, Cordes T. The Virulence Factor Macrophage Infectivity Potentiator (Mip) Influences Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolism and Pathogenicity of Legionella pneumophila. Metabolites 2023; 13:834. [PMID: 37512541 PMCID: PMC10386555 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila (Lp) is a common etiological agent of bacterial pneumonia that causes Legionnaires' disease (LD). The bacterial membrane-associated virulence factor macrophage infectivity potentiator (Mip) exhibits peptidyl-prolyl-cis/trans-isomerase (PPIase) activity and contributes to the intra- and extracellular pathogenicity of Lp. Though Mip influences disease outcome, little is known about the metabolic consequences of altered Mip activity during infections. Here, we established a metabolic workflow and applied mass spectrometry approaches to decipher how Mip activity influences metabolism and pathogenicity. Impaired Mip activity in genetically engineered Lp strains decreases intracellular replication in cellular infection assays, confirming the contribution of Mip for Lp pathogenicity. We observed that genetic and chemical alteration of Mip using the PPIase inhibitors rapamycin and FK506 induces metabolic reprogramming in Lp, specifically branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism. Rapamycin also inhibits PPIase activity of mammalian FK506 binding proteins, and we observed that rapamycin induces a distinct metabolic signature in human macrophages compared to bacteria, suggesting potential involvement of Mip in normal bacteria and in infection. Our metabolic studies link Mip to alterations in BCAA metabolism and may help to decipher novel disease mechanisms associated with LD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Nikolka
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mustafa Safa Karagöz
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mohamed Zakaria Nassef
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Karsten Hiller
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Steinert
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thekla Cordes
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Research Group Cellular Metabolism in Infection, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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Green CR, Bonelli R, Ansell BRE, Tzaridis S, Handzlik MK, McGregor GH, Hart B, Trombley J, Reilly MM, Bernstein PS, Egan C, Fruttiger M, Wallace M, Bahlo M, Friedlander M, Metallo CM, Gantner ML. Divergent amino acid and sphingolipid metabolism in patients with inherited neuro-retinal disease. Mol Metab 2023; 72:101716. [PMID: 36997154 PMCID: PMC10114224 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The non-essential amino acids serine, glycine, and alanine, as well as diverse sphingolipid species, are implicated in inherited neuro-retinal disorders and are metabolically linked by serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), a key enzyme in membrane lipid biogenesis. To gain insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms linking these pathways to neuro-retinal diseases we compared patients diagnosed with two metabolically intertwined diseases: macular telangiectasia type II (MacTel), hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy type 1 (HSAN1), or both. METHODS We performed targeted metabolomic analyses of amino acids and broad sphingolipids in sera from a cohort of MacTel (205), HSAN1 (25) and Control (151) participants. RESULTS MacTel patients exhibited broad alterations of amino acids, including changes in serine, glycine, alanine, glutamate, and branched-chain amino acids reminiscent of diabetes. MacTel patients had elevated 1-deoxysphingolipids but reduced levels of complex sphingolipids in circulation. A mouse model of retinopathy indicates dietary serine and glycine restriction can drive this depletion in complex sphingolipids. HSAN1 patients exhibited elevated serine, lower alanine, and a reduction in canonical ceramides and sphingomyelins compared to controls. Those patients diagnosed with both HSAN1 and MacTel showed the most significant decrease in circulating sphingomyelins. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight metabolic distinctions between MacTel and HSAN1, emphasize the importance of membrane lipids in the progression of MacTel, and suggest distinct therapeutic approaches for these two neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney R Green
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Roberto Bonelli
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Brendan R E Ansell
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Michal K Handzlik
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Grace H McGregor
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Barbara Hart
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Mary M Reilly
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Catherine Egan
- Medical Retina Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Marcus Fruttiger
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | | | - Melanie Bahlo
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Christian M Metallo
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Transcription factor NKX2-1 drives serine and glycine synthesis addiction in cancer. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:1862-1878. [PMID: 36932191 PMCID: PMC10147615 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02216-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One-third of cancers activate endogenous synthesis of serine/glycine, and can become addicted to this pathway to sustain proliferation and survival. Mechanisms driving this metabolic rewiring remain largely unknown. METHODS NKX2-1 overexpressing and NKX2-1 knockdown/knockout T-cell leukaemia and lung cancer cell line models were established to study metabolic rewiring using ChIP-qPCR, immunoblotting, mass spectrometry, and proliferation and invasion assays. Findings and therapeutic relevance were validated in mouse models and confirmed in patient datasets. RESULTS Exploring T-cell leukaemia, lung cancer and neuroendocrine prostate cancer patient datasets highlighted the transcription factor NKX2-1 as putative driver of serine/glycine metabolism. We demonstrate that transcription factor NKX2-1 binds and transcriptionally upregulates serine/glycine synthesis enzyme genes, enabling NKX2-1 expressing cells to proliferate and invade in serine/glycine-depleted conditions. NKX2-1 driven serine/glycine synthesis generates nucleotides and redox molecules, and is associated with an altered cellular lipidome and methylome. Accordingly, NKX2-1 tumour-bearing mice display enhanced tumour aggressiveness associated with systemic metabolic rewiring. Therapeutically, NKX2-1-expressing cancer cells are more sensitive to serine/glycine conversion inhibition by repurposed anti-depressant sertraline, and to etoposide chemotherapy. CONCLUSION Collectively, we identify NKX2-1 as a novel transcriptional regulator of serine/glycine synthesis addiction across cancers, revealing a therapeutic vulnerability of NKX2-1-driven cancers. Transcription factor NKX2-1 fuels cancer cell proliferation and survival by hyperactivating serine/glycine synthesis, highlighting this pathway as a novel therapeutic target in NKX2-1-positive cancers.
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Mapping the Metabolic Niche of Citrate Metabolism and SLC13A5. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030331. [PMID: 36984771 PMCID: PMC10054676 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The small molecule citrate is a key molecule that is synthesized de novo and involved in diverse biochemical pathways influencing cell metabolism and function. Citrate is highly abundant in the circulation, and cells take up extracellular citrate via the sodium-dependent plasma membrane transporter NaCT encoded by the SLC13A5 gene. Citrate is critical to maintaining metabolic homeostasis and impaired NaCT activity is implicated in metabolic disorders. Though citrate is one of the best known and most studied metabolites in humans, little is known about the consequences of altered citrate uptake and metabolism. Here, we review recent findings on SLC13A5, NaCT, and citrate metabolism and discuss the effects on metabolic homeostasis and SLC13A5-dependent phenotypes. We discuss the “multiple-hit theory” and how stress factors induce metabolic reprogramming that may synergize with impaired NaCT activity to alter cell fate and function. Furthermore, we underline how citrate metabolism and compartmentalization can be quantified by combining mass spectrometry and tracing approaches. We also discuss species-specific differences and potential therapeutic implications of SLC13A5 and NaCT. Understanding the synergistic impact of multiple stress factors on citrate metabolism may help to decipher the disease mechanisms associated with SLC13A5 citrate transport disorders.
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