1
|
Ullah I, Farringer MA, Burkhard AY, Hathaway E, Khushu M, Willett BC, Shin SH, Sharma AI, Martin MC, Shao KL, Dvorin JD, Hartl DL, Volkman SK, Bopp S, Absalon S, Wirth DF. Artemisinin resistance mutations in Pfcoronin impede hemoglobin uptake. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.22.572193. [PMID: 38187525 PMCID: PMC10769401 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.22.572193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Artemisinin (ART) combination therapies have been critical in reducing malaria morbidity and mortality, but these important drugs are threatened by growing resistance associated with mutations in Pfcoronin and Pfkelch13 . Here, we describe the mechanism of Pfcoronin -mediated ART resistance. Pf Coronin interacts with Pf Actin and localizes to the parasite plasma membrane (PPM), the digestive vacuole (DV) membrane, and membrane of a newly identified preDV compartment-all structures involved in the trafficking of hemoglobin from the RBC for degradation in the DV. Pfcoronin mutations alter Pf Actin homeostasis and impair the development and morphology of the preDV. Ultimately, these changes are associated with decreased uptake of red blood cell cytosolic contents by ring-stage Plasmodium falciparum . Previous work has identified decreased hemoglobin uptake as the mechanism of Pfkelch 13-mediated ART resistance. This work demonstrates that Pf Coronin appears to act via a parallel pathway. For both Pfkelch13 -mediated and Pfcoronin -mediated ART resistance, we hypothesize that the decreased hemoglobin uptake in ring stage parasites results in less heme-based activation of the artemisinin endoperoxide ring and reduced cytocidal activity. This study deepens our understanding of ART resistance, as well as hemoglobin uptake and development of the DV in early-stage parasites.
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Y, Zou X, Jin H, Zhou B, Zhou J, Zhang L, Li Z, Ling L, Liu F, Gao Y, Wang X, Luo H, Chen K, Ye H. Identification of genes related to growth from transcriptome profiles of the muscle and liver of Chinese longsnout catfish (Leiocassis longirostris). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 49:101180. [PMID: 38150989 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The Chinese longsnout catfish (Leiocassis longirostris) is a commercially important freshwater fish species in China. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying its growth, we performed a comparative transcriptomic analysis of muscle and liver tissues of fast- and slow-growing L. longirostris. A total of 580 and 511 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained in the muscle and liver tissues, respectively. We selected 10 DEGs each from muscle and liver tissues by qRT-PCR to verify the reliability of RNA-seq, and it was found that the expression patterns of these genes were consistent with RNA-seq analysis results. According to the differential expression and functional enrichment analysis of genes, we found differences in the expression of several growth-related genes between fast- and slow-growing individuals. These genes may contribute to the differences in the growth of L. longirostris by influencing muscle growth and the metabolism of substances and energy. In particular, the pk and fabp genes were highly expressed in fast-growing individuals, while the cart, leptin, pepck, murf1, trim32, and pparα genes exhibited higher levels in slow-growing individuals. It was speculated that genes related to feeding behavior might be the key genes in regulating the growth of L. longirostris, while glycolytic/gluconeogenic metabolic pathway, lipid metabolism, and ubiquitin-proteasome pathway might be the main pathways involved in regulating body weight of L. longirostris. This study could enrich the available gene resources and provide a valuable basis for further studies on the regulatory mechanisms of growth in L. longirostris.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; Yibin Academy of Southwest University, Yibin 64400, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinxi Zou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; Yibin Academy of Southwest University, Yibin 64400, Sichuan, China
| | - Honghao Jin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; Yibin Academy of Southwest University, Yibin 64400, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 61173, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 61173, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 61173, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; Yibin Academy of Southwest University, Yibin 64400, Sichuan, China
| | - Leyan Ling
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; Yibin Academy of Southwest University, Yibin 64400, Sichuan, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; Yibin Academy of Southwest University, Yibin 64400, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; Yibin Academy of Southwest University, Yibin 64400, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; Yibin Academy of Southwest University, Yibin 64400, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; Yibin Academy of Southwest University, Yibin 64400, Sichuan, China
| | - Kaili Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; Yibin Academy of Southwest University, Yibin 64400, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hua Ye
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; Yibin Academy of Southwest University, Yibin 64400, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jeong SY, Choi JH, Kim J, Woo JS, Lee EH. Tripartite Motif-Containing Protein 32 (TRIM32): What Does It Do for Skeletal Muscle? Cells 2023; 12:2104. [PMID: 37626915 PMCID: PMC10453674 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif-containing protein 32 (TRIM32) is a member of the tripartite motif family and is highly conserved from flies to humans. Via its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, TRIM32 mediates and regulates many physiological and pathophysiological processes, such as growth, differentiation, muscle regeneration, immunity, and carcinogenesis. TRIM32 plays multifunctional roles in the maintenance of skeletal muscle. Genetic variations in the TRIM32 gene are associated with skeletal muscular dystrophies in humans, including limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2H (LGMD2H). LGMD2H-causing genetic variations of TRIM32 occur most frequently in the C-terminal NHL (ncl-1, HT2A, and lin-41) repeats of TRIM32. LGMD2H is characterized by skeletal muscle dystrophy, myopathy, and atrophy. Surprisingly, most patients with LGMD2H show minimal or no dysfunction in other tissues or organs, despite the broad expression of TRIM32 in various tissues. This suggests more prominent roles for TRIM32 in skeletal muscle than in other tissues or organs. This review is focused on understanding the physiological roles of TRIM32 in skeletal muscle, the pathophysiological mechanisms mediated by TRIM32 genetic variants in LGMD2H patients, and the correlations between TRIM32 and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yeon Jeong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hee Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooho Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Woo
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 10833, USA
| | - Eun Hui Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Choi JH, Jeong SY, Kim J, Woo JS, Lee EH. Tripartite motif-containing protein 32 regulates Ca 2+ movement in skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1860-C1871. [PMID: 36374170 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00426.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in tripartite motif-containing protein 32 (TRIM32), especially in NHL repeats, have been found in skeletal muscle in patients with type 2H limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD2H). However, the roles of the NHL repeats of TRIM32 in skeletal muscle functions have not been well addressed. In the present study, to examine the functional role(s) of the TRIM32 NHL repeats in skeletal muscle, TRIM32-binding proteins in skeletal muscle were first searched using a binding assay and MALDI-TOF/TOF. Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 1a (SERCA1a) was found to be a TRIM32-binding protein. Next, a deletion mutant of TRIM32 missing the NHL repeats (NHL-Del) was expressed in mouse primary skeletal myotubes during myoblast differentiation into myotubes. Ca2+ movement in the myotubes was examined using single-cell Ca2+ imaging. Unlike wild-type (WT) TRIM32, NHL-Del did not enhance the amount of Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), Ca2+ release for excitation-contraction (EC) coupling, or extracellular Ca2+ entry via store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). In addition, even compared with the vector control, NHL-Del resulted in reduced SOCE due to reduced expression of extracellular Ca2+ entry channels. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation of the myotubes revealed that NHL-Del induced the formation of abnormal vacuoles and tubular structures in the cytosol. Therefore, by binding to SERCA1a via its NHL repeats, TRIM32 may participate in the regulation of Ca2+ movement for skeletal muscle contraction and the formation of cellular vacuoles and tubular structures in skeletal muscle. Functional defects in TRIM32 due to mutations in NHL repeats may be pathogenic toward LGMD2H.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hee Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Jeong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jooho Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Seok Woo
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eun Hui Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li H, Zhang L, Zhang L, Han R. Autophagy in striated muscle diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1000067. [PMID: 36312227 PMCID: PMC9606591 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1000067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired biomolecules and cellular organelles are gradually built up during the development and aging of organisms, and this deteriorating process is expedited under stress conditions. As a major lysosome-mediated catabolic process, autophagy has evolved to eradicate these damaged cellular components and recycle nutrients to restore cellular homeostasis and fitness. The autophagic activities are altered under various disease conditions such as ischemia-reperfusion cardiac injury, sarcopenia, and genetic myopathies, which impact multiple cellular processes related to cellular growth and survival in cardiac and skeletal muscles. Thus, autophagy has been the focus for therapeutic development to treat these muscle diseases. To develop the specific and effective interventions targeting autophagy, it is essential to understand the molecular mechanisms by which autophagy is altered in heart and skeletal muscle disorders. Herein, we summarize how autophagy alterations are linked to cardiac and skeletal muscle defects and how these alterations occur. We further discuss potential pharmacological and genetic interventions to regulate autophagy activities and their applications in cardiac and skeletal muscle diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiwen Li
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States,*Correspondence: Haiwen Li,
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renzhi Han
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States,Renzhi Han,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tozawa T, Matsunaga K, Izumi T, Shigehisa N, Uekita T, Taoka M, Ichimura T. Ubiquitination-coupled liquid phase separation regulates the accumulation of the TRIM family of ubiquitin ligases into cytoplasmic bodies. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272700. [PMID: 35930602 PMCID: PMC9355226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Many members of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family of ubiquitin ligases localize in spherical, membrane-free structures collectively referred to as cytoplasmic bodies (CBs) in a concentration-dependent manner. These CBs may function as aggresome precursors or storage compartments that segregate potentially harmful excess TRIM molecules from the cytosolic milieu. However, the manner in which TRIM proteins accumulate into CBs is unclear. In the present study, using TRIM32, TRIM5α and TRIM63 as examples, we demonstrated that CBs are in a liquid droplet state, resulting from liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). This finding is based on criteria that defines phase-separated structures, such as recovery after photobleaching, sensitivity to hexanediol, and the ability to undergo fusion. CB droplets, which contain cyan fluorescent protein (CFP)-fused TRIM32, were purified from HEK293 cells using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. We found that in addition to TRIM32, these droplets contain a variety of endogenous proteins and enzymes including ubiquitin. Localization of ubiquitin within CBs was further verified by fluorescence microscopy. We also found that the activation of the intracellular ubiquitination cascade promotes the assembly of TRIM32 molecules into CBs, whereas inhibition causes suppression. Regulation is dependent on the intrinsic E3 ligase activity of TRIM32. Similar regulation by ubiquitination on the TRIM assembly was also observed with TRIM5α and TRIM63. Our findings provide a novel mechanical basis for the organization of CBs that couples compartmentalization through LLPS with ubiquitination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Tozawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defense Academy, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kohichi Matsunaga
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Izumi
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Naotake Shigehisa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defense Academy, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takamasa Uekita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defense Academy, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masato Taoka
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Ichimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defense Academy, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Baccino-Calace M, Schmidt K, Müller M. The E3 ligase Thin controls homeostatic plasticity through neurotransmitter release repression. eLife 2022; 11:71437. [PMID: 35796533 PMCID: PMC9299833 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic proteins and synaptic transmission are under homeostatic control, but the relationship between these two processes remains enigmatic. Here, we systematically investigated the role of E3 ubiquitin ligases, key regulators of protein degradation-mediated proteostasis, in presynaptic homeostatic plasticity (PHP). An electrophysiology-based genetic screen of 157 E3 ligase-encoding genes at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction identified thin, an ortholog of human tripartite motif-containing 32 (TRIM32), a gene implicated in several neurological disorders, including autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. We demonstrate that thin functions presynaptically during rapid and sustained PHP. Presynaptic thin negatively regulates neurotransmitter release under baseline conditions by limiting the number of release-ready vesicles, largely independent of gross morphological defects. We provide genetic evidence that thin controls release through dysbindin, a schizophrenia-susceptibility gene required for PHP. Thin and Dysbindin localize in proximity within presynaptic boutons, and Thin degrades Dysbindin in vitro. Thus, the E3 ligase Thin links protein degradation-dependent proteostasis of Dysbindin to homeostatic regulation of neurotransmitter release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katharina Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Müller
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sun YY, Chen WJ, Huang ZP, Yang G, Wu ML, Xu DE, Yang WL, Luo YC, Xiao ZC, Xu RX, Ma QH. TRIM32 Deficiency Impairs the Generation of Pyramidal Neurons in Developing Cerebral Cortex. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030449. [PMID: 35159260 PMCID: PMC8834167 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Excitatory-inhibitory imbalance (E/I) is a fundamental mechanism underlying autism spectrum disorders (ASD). TRIM32 is a risk gene genetically associated with ASD. The absence of TRIM32 causes impaired generation of inhibitory GABAergic interneurons, neural network hyperexcitability, and autism-like behavior in mice, emphasizing the role of TRIM32 in maintaining E/I balance, but despite the description of TRIM32 in regulating proliferation and differentiation of cultured mouse neural progenitor cells (NPCs), the role of TRIM32 in cerebral cortical development, particularly in the production of excitatory pyramidal neurons, remains unknown. The present study observed that TRIM32 deficiency resulted in decreased numbers of distinct layer-specific cortical neurons and decreased radial glial cell (RGC) and intermediate progenitor cell (IPC) pool size. We further demonstrated that TRIM32 deficiency impairs self-renewal of RGCs and IPCs as indicated by decreased proliferation and mitosis. A TRIM32 deficiency also affects or influences the formation of cortical neurons. As a result, TRIM32-deficient mice showed smaller brain size. At the molecular level, RNAseq analysis indicated reduced Notch signalling in TRIM32-deficient mice. Therefore, the present study indicates a role for TRIM32 in pyramidal neuron generation. Impaired generation of excitatory pyramidal neurons may explain the hyperexcitability observed in TRIM32-deficient mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yun Sun
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (Y.-Y.S.); (Z.-P.H.); (M.-L.W.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wen-Jin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China;
| | - Ze-Ping Huang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (Y.-Y.S.); (Z.-P.H.); (M.-L.W.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Gang Yang
- Lab Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China;
| | - Ming-Lei Wu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (Y.-Y.S.); (Z.-P.H.); (M.-L.W.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - De-En Xu
- Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital, Wuxi 214001, China;
| | - Wu-Lin Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China;
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yong-Chun Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100028, China;
| | - Zhi-Cheng Xiao
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia;
| | - Ru-Xiang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China;
- Correspondence: (Q.-H.M.); (R.-X.X.)
| | - Quan-Hong Ma
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (Y.-Y.S.); (Z.-P.H.); (M.-L.W.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Correspondence: (Q.-H.M.); (R.-X.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
MacTaggart B, Kashina A. Posttranslational modifications of the cytoskeleton. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2021; 78:142-173. [PMID: 34152688 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cytoskeleton plays important roles in many essential processes at the cellular and organismal levels, including cell migration and motility, cell division, and the establishment and maintenance of cell and tissue architecture. In order to facilitate these varied functions, the main cytoskeletal components-microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments-must form highly diverse intracellular arrays in different subcellular areas and cell types. The question of how this diversity is conferred has been the focus of research for decades. One key mechanism is the addition of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) to the major cytoskeletal proteins. This posttranslational addition of various chemical groups dramatically increases the complexity of the cytoskeletal proteome and helps facilitate major global and local cytoskeletal functions. Cytoskeletal proteins undergo many PTMs, most of which are not well understood. Recent technological advances in proteomics and cell biology have allowed for the in-depth study of individual PTMs and their functions in the cytoskeleton. Here, we provide an overview of the major PTMs that occur on the main structural components of the three cytoskeletal systems-tubulin, actin, and intermediate filament proteins-and highlight the cellular function of these modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany MacTaggart
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna Kashina
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chandrasekharan SV, Sundaram S, Malaichamy S, Poyuran R, Nair SS. Myoneuropathic presentation of limb girdle muscular dystrophy R8 with a novel TRIM32 mutation. Neuromuscul Disord 2021; 31:886-890. [PMID: 34244021 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
TRIM 32-related Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy (LGMD R8/2H) is a rare genetic muscle disease reported in fewer than 100 patients worldwide. Here, we report a male patient with progressive proximo-distal lower limb weakness with onset in the third decade who had mixed myopathic and neurogenic pattern in electrophysiology and muscle biopsy. Clinical exome sequencing revealed a homozygous pathogenic single base pair insertion in exon 2 of the TRIM32 gene confirming the diagnosis of LGMD R8. This is a novel frameshift mutation and one of the very few cases of LGMD R8 reported from India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumya V Chandrasekharan
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Soumya Sundaram
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | - Rajalakshmy Poyuran
- Department of Pathology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sruthi S Nair
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Garcia-Garcia J, Overå KS, Khan W, Sjøttem E. Generation of the short TRIM32 isoform is regulated by Lys 247 acetylation and a PEST sequence. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251279. [PMID: 33999923 PMCID: PMC8128265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
TRIM32 is an E3 ligase implicated in diverse biological pathways and pathologies such as muscular dystrophy and cancer. TRIM32 are expressed both as full-length proteins, and as a truncated protein. The mechanisms for regulating these isoforms are poorly understood. Here we identify a PEST sequence in TRIM32 located in the unstructured region between the RING-BBox-CoiledCoil domains and the NHL repeats. The PEST sequence directs cleavage of TRIM32, generating a truncated protein similarly to the short isoform. We map three lysine residues that regulate PEST mediated cleavage and auto-ubiquitylation activity of TRIM32. Mimicking acetylation of lysine K247 completely inhibits TRIM32 cleavage, while the lysines K50 and K401 are implicated in auto-ubiquitylation activity. We show that the short isoform of TRIM32 is catalytic inactive, suggesting a dominant negative role. These findings uncover that TRIM32 is regulated by post-translational modifications of three lysine residues, and a conserved PEST sequence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juncal Garcia-Garcia
- Department of Medical Biology, Autophagy Research Group, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Katrine Stange Overå
- Department of Medical Biology, Autophagy Research Group, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Waqas Khan
- Department of Medical Biology, Autophagy Research Group, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Eva Sjøttem
- Department of Medical Biology, Autophagy Research Group, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
TRIM32 and Malin in Neurological and Neuromuscular Rare Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040820. [PMID: 33917450 PMCID: PMC8067510 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins are RING E3 ubiquitin ligases defined by a shared domain structure. Several of them are implicated in rare genetic diseases, and mutations in TRIM32 and TRIM-like malin are associated with Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy R8 and Lafora disease, respectively. These two proteins are evolutionary related, share a common ancestor, and both display NHL repeats at their C-terminus. Here, we revmniew the function of these two related E3 ubiquitin ligases discussing their intrinsic and possible common pathophysiological pathways.
Collapse
|
13
|
Bawa S, Piccirillo R, Geisbrecht ER. TRIM32: A Multifunctional Protein Involved in Muscle Homeostasis, Glucose Metabolism, and Tumorigenesis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030408. [PMID: 33802079 PMCID: PMC7999776 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human tripartite motif family of proteins 32 (TRIM32) is a ubiquitous multifunctional protein that has demonstrated roles in differentiation, muscle physiology and regeneration, and tumor suppression. Mutations in TRIM32 result in two clinically diverse diseases. A mutation in the B-box domain gives rise to Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS), a disease whose clinical presentation shares no muscle pathology, while mutations in the NHL (NCL-1, HT2A, LIN-41) repeats of TRIM32 causes limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2H (LGMD2H). TRIM32 also functions as a tumor suppressor, but paradoxically is overexpressed in certain types of cancer. Recent evidence supports a role for TRIM32 in glycolytic-mediated cell growth, thus providing a possible mechanism for TRIM32 in the accumulation of cellular biomass during regeneration and tumorigenesis, including in vitro and in vivo approaches, to understand the broad spectrum of TRIM32 functions. A special emphasis is placed on the utility of the Drosophila model, a unique system to study glycolysis and anabolic pathways that contribute to the growth and homeostasis of both normal and tumor tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simranjot Bawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
| | - Rosanna Piccirillo
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy;
| | - Erika R. Geisbrecht
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(785)-532-3105
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
van der Graaf K, Jindrich K, Mitchell R, White-Cooper H. Roles for RNA export factor, Nxt1, in ensuring muscle integrity and normal RNA expression in Drosophila. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2021; 11:6046993. [PMID: 33561245 PMCID: PMC8022728 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkaa046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The mRNA export pathway is responsible for the transport of mRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and thus is essential for protein production and normal cellular functions. A partial loss of function allele of the mRNA export factor Nxt1 in Drosophila shows reduced viability and sterility. A previous study has shown that the male fertility defect is due to a defect in transcription and RNA stability, indicating the potential for this pathway to be implicated in processes beyond the known mRNA transport function. Here we investigate the reduced viability of Nxt1 partial loss of function mutants, and describe a defect in growth and maintenance of the larval muscles, leading to muscle degeneration. RNA-seq revealed reduced expression of a set of mRNAs, particularly from genes with long introns in Nxt1 mutant carcass. We detected differential expression of circRNA, and significantly fewer distinct circRNAs expressed in the mutants. Despite the widespread defects in gene expression, muscle degeneration was rescued by increased expression of the costamere component tn (abba) in muscles. This is the first report of a role for the RNA export pathway gene Nxt1 in the maintenance of muscle integrity. Our data also links the mRNA export pathway to a specific role in the expression of mRNA and circRNA from common precursor genes, in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katia Jindrich
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Robert Mitchell
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Whiteley AM, Prado MA, de Poot SAH, Paulo JA, Ashton M, Dominguez S, Weber M, Ngu H, Szpyt J, Jedrychowski MP, Easton A, Gygi SP, Kurz T, Monteiro MJ, Brown EJ, Finley D. Global proteomics of Ubqln2-based murine models of ALS. J Biol Chem 2020; 296:100153. [PMID: 33277362 PMCID: PMC7873701 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial neurodegenerative diseases commonly involve mutations that result in either aberrant proteins or dysfunctional components of the proteolytic machinery that act on aberrant proteins. UBQLN2 is a ubiquitin receptor of the UBL/UBA family that binds the proteasome through its ubiquitin-like domain and is thought to deliver ubiquitinated proteins to proteasomes for degradation. UBQLN2 mutations result in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)/frontotemporal dementia in humans through an unknown mechanism. Quantitative multiplexed proteomics was used to provide for the first time an unbiased and global analysis of the role of Ubqln2 in controlling the composition of the proteome. We studied several murine models of Ubqln2-linked ALS and also generated Ubqln2 null mutant mice. We identified impacts of Ubqln2 on diverse physiological pathways, most notably serotonergic signaling. Interestingly, we observed an upregulation of proteasome subunits, suggesting a compensatory response to diminished proteasome output. Among the specific proteins whose abundance is linked to UBQLN2 function, the strongest hits were the ubiquitin ligase TRIM32 and two retroelement-derived proteins, PEG10 and CXX1B. Cycloheximide chase studies using induced human neurons and HEK293 cells suggested that PEG10 and TRIM32 are direct clients. Although UBQLN2 directs the degradation of multiple proteins via the proteasome, it surprisingly conferred strong protection from degradation on the Gag-like protein CXX1B, which is expressed from the same family of retroelement genes as PEG10. In summary, this study charts the proteomic landscape of ALS-related Ubqln2 mutants and identifies candidate client proteins that are altered in vivo in disease models and whose degradation is promoted by UBQLN2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel A Prado
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marissa Ashton
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sara Dominguez
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Martin Weber
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hai Ngu
- Department of Pathology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John Szpyt
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark P Jedrychowski
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy Easton
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thimo Kurz
- Henry Wellcome Lab of Cell Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mervyn J Monteiro
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric J Brown
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel Finley
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lescouzères L, Bomont P. E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in Neurological Diseases: Focus on Gigaxonin and Autophagy. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1022. [PMID: 33192535 PMCID: PMC7642974 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a dynamic post-translational modification that regulates the fate of proteins and therefore modulates a myriad of cellular functions. At the last step of this sophisticated enzymatic cascade, E3 ubiquitin ligases selectively direct ubiquitin attachment to specific substrates. Altogether, the ∼800 distinct E3 ligases, combined to the exquisite variety of ubiquitin chains and types that can be formed at multiple sites on thousands of different substrates confer to ubiquitination versatility and infinite possibilities to control biological functions. E3 ubiquitin ligases have been shown to regulate behaviors of proteins, from their activation, trafficking, subcellular distribution, interaction with other proteins, to their final degradation. Largely known for tagging proteins for their degradation by the proteasome, E3 ligases also direct ubiquitinated proteins and more largely cellular content (organelles, ribosomes, etc.) to destruction by autophagy. This multi-step machinery involves the creation of double membrane autophagosomes in which engulfed material is degraded after fusion with lysosomes. Cooperating in sustaining homeostasis, actors of ubiquitination, proteasome and autophagy pathways are impaired or mutated in wide range of human diseases. From initial discovery of pathogenic mutations in the E3 ligase encoding for E6-AP in Angelman syndrome and Parkin in juvenile forms of Parkinson disease, the number of E3 ligases identified as causal gene for neurological diseases has considerably increased within the last years. In this review, we provide an overview of these diseases, by classifying the E3 ubiquitin ligase types and categorizing the neurological signs. We focus on the Gigaxonin-E3 ligase, mutated in giant axonal neuropathy and present a comprehensive analysis of the spectrum of mutations and the recent biological models that permitted to uncover novel mechanisms of action. Then, we discuss the common functions shared by Gigaxonin and the other E3 ligases in cytoskeleton architecture, cell signaling and autophagy. In particular, we emphasize their pivotal roles in controlling multiple steps of the autophagy pathway. In light of the various targets and extending functions sustained by a single E3 ligase, we finally discuss the challenge in understanding the complex pathological cascade underlying disease and in designing therapeutic approaches that can apprehend this complexity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Léa Lescouzères
- ATIP-Avenir Team, INM, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascale Bomont
- ATIP-Avenir Team, INM, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cohen S. Role of calpains in promoting desmin filaments depolymerization and muscle atrophy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118788. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
18
|
Zhou Y, Chen R, Luo X, Zhang WD, Qin JJ. The E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UbcH5c: an emerging target in cancer and immune disorders. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:S1359-6446(20)30369-X. [PMID: 32947046 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a crucial post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins and regulates their stabilities and activities, thereby modulating multiple signaling pathways. UbcH5c, a member of the UbcH5 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2) protein family, engages in the ubiquitination of dozens of proteins and regulates nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), p53 tumor suppressor, and several other essential signaling pathways. UbcH5c has been reported to be abnormally expressed in human cancer and immune disorders and is involved in the initiation and progression of these diseases. In this review, we mainly focus on UbcH5c structure, activity, signaling pathways, and its relevance to cancer and immune disorders. We end by integrating all known factors relating to UbcH5c inhibition as a potential cancer therapy method, and discuss associated challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Runzhe Chen
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaofang Luo
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jiang-Jiang Qin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Under construction: The dynamic assembly, maintenance, and degradation of the cardiac sarcomere. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 148:89-102. [PMID: 32920010 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The sarcomere is the basic contractile unit of striated muscle and is a highly ordered protein complex with the actin and myosin filaments at its core. Assembling the sarcomere constituents into this organized structure in development, and with muscle growth as new sarcomeres are built, is a complex process coordinated by numerous factors. Once assembled, the sarcomere requires constant maintenance as its continuous contraction is accompanied by elevated mechanical, thermal, and oxidative stress, which predispose proteins to misfolding and toxic aggregation. To prevent protein misfolding and maintain sarcomere integrity, the sarcomere is monitored by an assortment of protein quality control (PQC) mechanisms. The need for effective PQC is heightened in cardiomyocytes which are terminally differentiated and must survive for many years while preserving optimal mechanical output. To prevent toxic protein aggregation, molecular chaperones stabilize denatured sarcomere proteins and promote their refolding. However, when old and misfolded proteins cannot be salvaged by chaperones, they must be recycled via degradation pathways: the calpain and ubiquitin-proteasome systems, which operate under basal conditions, and the stress-responsive autophagy-lysosome pathway. Mutations to and deficiency of the molecular chaperones and associated factors charged with sarcomere maintenance commonly lead to sarcomere structural disarray and the progression of heart disease, highlighting the necessity of effective sarcomere PQC for maintaining cardiac function. This review focuses on the dynamic regulation of assembly and turnover at the sarcomere with an emphasis on the chaperones involved in these processes and describes the alterations to chaperones - through mutations and deficient expression - implicated in disease progression to heart failure.
Collapse
|
20
|
Monteyne AJ, Coelho MOC, Porter C, Abdelrahman DR, Jameson TSO, Jackman SR, Blackwell JR, Finnigan TJA, Stephens FB, Dirks ML, Wall BT. Mycoprotein ingestion stimulates protein synthesis rates to a greater extent than milk protein in rested and exercised skeletal muscle of healthy young men: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:318-333. [PMID: 32438401 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycoprotein is a fungal-derived sustainable protein-rich food source, and its ingestion results in systemic amino acid and leucine concentrations similar to that following milk protein ingestion. OBJECTIVE We assessed the mixed skeletal muscle protein synthetic response to the ingestion of a single bolus of mycoprotein compared with a leucine-matched bolus of milk protein, in rested and exercised muscle of resistance-trained young men. METHODS Twenty resistance-trained healthy young males (age: 22 ± 1 y, body mass: 82 ± 2 kg, BMI: 25 ± 1 kg·m-2) took part in a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study. Participants received primed, continuous infusions of L-[ring-2H5]phenylalanine and ingested either 31 g (26.2 g protein: 2.5 g leucine) milk protein (MILK) or 70 g (31.5 g protein: 2.5 g leucine) mycoprotein (MYCO) following a bout of unilateral resistance-type exercise (contralateral leg acting as resting control). Blood and m. vastus lateralis muscle samples were collected before exercise and protein ingestion, and following a 4-h postprandial period to assess mixed muscle fractional protein synthetic rates (FSRs) and myocellular signaling in response to the protein beverages in resting and exercised muscle. RESULTS Mixed muscle FSRs increased following MILK ingestion (from 0.036 ± 0.008 to 0.052 ± 0.006%·h-1 in rested, and 0.035 ± 0.008 to 0.056 ± 0.005%·h-1 in exercised muscle; P <0.01) but to a greater extent following MYCO ingestion (from 0.025 ± 0.006 to 0.057 ± 0.004%·h-1 in rested, and 0.024 ± 0.007 to 0.072 ± 0.005%·h-1 in exercised muscle; P <0.0001) (treatment × time interaction effect; P <0.05). Postprandial FSRs trended to be greater in MYCO compared with MILK (0.065 ± 0.004 compared with 0.054 ± 0.004%·h-1, respectively; P = 0.093) and the postprandial rise in FSRs was greater in MYCO compared with MILK (Delta 0.040 ± 0.006 compared with Delta 0.018 ± 0.005%·h-1, respectively; P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS The ingestion of a single bolus of mycoprotein stimulates resting and postexercise muscle protein synthesis rates, and to a greater extent than a leucine-matched bolus of milk protein, in resistance-trained young men. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as 660065600.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alistair J Monteyne
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Heavitree Road, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Mariana O C Coelho
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Heavitree Road, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Craig Porter
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch & Shriners Hospital for Children, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Doaa R Abdelrahman
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch & Shriners Hospital for Children, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas S O Jameson
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Heavitree Road, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Sarah R Jackman
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Heavitree Road, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Jamie R Blackwell
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Heavitree Road, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Francis B Stephens
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Heavitree Road, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Marlou L Dirks
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Heavitree Road, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Benjamin T Wall
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Heavitree Road, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
The ties that bind: functional clusters in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. Skelet Muscle 2020; 10:22. [PMID: 32727611 PMCID: PMC7389686 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-020-00240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMDs) are a genetically pleiomorphic class of inherited muscle diseases that are known to share phenotypic features. Selected LGMD genetic subtypes have been studied extensively in affected humans and various animal models. In some cases, these investigations have led to human clinical trials of potential disease-modifying therapies, including gene replacement strategies for individual subtypes using adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. The cellular localizations of most proteins associated with LGMD have been determined. However, the functions of these proteins are less uniformly characterized, thus limiting our knowledge of potential common disease mechanisms across subtype boundaries. Correspondingly, broad therapeutic strategies that could each target multiple LGMD subtypes remain less developed. We believe that three major "functional clusters" of subcellular activities relevant to LGMD merit further investigation. The best known of these is the glycosylation modifications associated with the dystroglycan complex. The other two, mechanical signaling and mitochondrial dysfunction, have been studied less systematically but are just as promising with respect to the identification of significant mechanistic subgroups of LGMD. A deeper understanding of these disease pathways could yield a new generation of precision therapies that would each be expected to treat a broader range of LGMD patients than a single subtype, thus expanding the scope of the molecular medicines that may be developed for this complex array of muscular dystrophies.
Collapse
|
22
|
Bodine SC. Edward F. Adolph Distinguished Lecture. Skeletal muscle atrophy: Multiple pathways leading to a common outcome. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:272-282. [PMID: 32644910 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00381.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy continues to be a serious consequence of many diseases and conditions for which there is no treatment. Our understanding of the mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle mass has improved considerably over the past two decades. For many years it was known that skeletal muscle atrophy resulted from an imbalance between protein synthesis and protein breakdown, with the net balance shifting toward protein breakdown. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the increased breakdown of myofibrils was unknown. Over the past two decades, numerous reports have identified novel genes and signaling pathways that are upregulated and activated in response to stimuli such as disuse, inflammation, metabolic stress, starvation and others that induce muscle atrophy. This review summarizes the discovery efforts performed in the identification of several pathways involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass: the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTORC1) and the ubiquitin proteasome pathway and the E3 ligases, MuRF1 and MAFbx. While muscle atrophy is a common outcome of many diseases, it is doubtful that a single gene or pathway initiates or mediates the breakdown of myofibrils. Interestingly, however, is the observation that upregulation of the E3 ligases, MuRF1 and MAFbx, is a common feature of many divergent atrophy conditions. The challenge for the field of muscle biology is to understand how all of the various molecules, transcription factors, and signaling pathways interact to produce muscle atrophy and to identify the critical factors for intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sue C Bodine
- Department of Internal Medicine/Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
De Paepe B. Progressive Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Muscular Dystrophies: A Role for Toll-like Receptor-Signaling in Disease Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124440. [PMID: 32580419 PMCID: PMC7352931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy is an active process controlled by specific transcriptional programs, in which muscle mass is lost by increased protein degradation and/or decreased protein synthesis. This review explores the involvement of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the muscle atrophy as it is observed in muscular dystrophies, disorders characterized by successive bouts of muscle fiber degeneration and regeneration in an attempt to repair contraction-induced damage. TLRs are defense receptors that detect infection and recognize self-molecules released from damaged cells. In muscular dystrophies, these receptors become over-active, and are firmly involved in the sustained chronic inflammation exhibited by the muscle tissue, via their induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Taming the exaggerated activation of TLR2/4 and TLR7/8/9, and their downstream effectors in particular, comes forward as a therapeutic strategy with potential to slow down disease progression.
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang JR, Li XX, Hu WN, Li CY. Emerging Role of TRIM Family Proteins in Cardiovascular Disease. Cardiology 2020; 145:390-400. [PMID: 32305978 DOI: 10.1159/000506150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is one of the basic mechanisms of cell protein homeostasis and degradation and is accomplished by 3 enzymes, E1, E2, and E3. Tripartite motif-containing proteins (TRIMs) constitute the largest subfamily of RING E3 ligases, with >70 current members in humans and mice. These members are involved in multiple biological processes, including growth, differentiation, and apoptosis as well as disease and tumorigenesis. Accumulating evidence has shown that many TRIM proteins are associated with various cardiac processes and pathologies, such as heart development, signal transduction, protein degradation, autophagy mediation, ion channel regulation, congenital heart disease, and cardiomyopathies. In this review, we provide an overview of the TRIM family and discuss its involvement in the regulation of cardiac proteostasis and pathophysiology and its potential therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Rui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Xin Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Wan-Ning Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China,
| | - Chang-Yi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Williams FP, Haubrich K, Perez-Borrajero C, Hennig J. Emerging RNA-binding roles in the TRIM family of ubiquitin ligases. Biol Chem 2020; 400:1443-1464. [PMID: 31120853 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
TRIM proteins constitute a large, diverse and ancient protein family which play a key role in processes including cellular differentiation, autophagy, apoptosis, DNA repair, and tumour suppression. Mostly known and studied through the lens of their ubiquitination activity as E3 ligases, it has recently emerged that many of these proteins are involved in direct RNA binding through their NHL or PRY/SPRY domains. We summarise the current knowledge concerning the mechanism of RNA binding by TRIM proteins and its biological role. We discuss how RNA-binding relates to their previously described functions such as E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, and we will consider the potential role of enrichment in membrane-less organelles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Preston Williams
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Collaboration for Joint PhD Degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kevin Haubrich
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Collaboration for Joint PhD Degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cecilia Perez-Borrajero
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Janosch Hennig
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany, e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bawa S, Brooks DS, Neville KE, Tipping M, Sagar MA, Kollhoff JA, Chawla G, Geisbrecht BV, Tennessen JM, Eliceiri KW, Geisbrecht ER. Drosophila TRIM32 cooperates with glycolytic enzymes to promote cell growth. eLife 2020; 9:52358. [PMID: 32223900 PMCID: PMC7105379 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell growth and/or proliferation may require the reprogramming of metabolic pathways, whereby a switch from oxidative to glycolytic metabolism diverts glycolytic intermediates towards anabolic pathways. Herein, we identify a novel role for TRIM32 in the maintenance of glycolytic flux mediated by biochemical interactions with the glycolytic enzymes Aldolase and Phosphoglycerate mutase. Loss of Drosophila TRIM32, encoded by thin (tn), shows reduced levels of glycolytic intermediates and amino acids. This altered metabolic profile correlates with a reduction in the size of glycolytic larval muscle and brain tissue. Consistent with a role for metabolic intermediates in glycolysis-driven biomass production, dietary amino acid supplementation in tn mutants improves muscle mass. Remarkably, TRIM32 is also required for ectopic growth - loss of TRIM32 in a wing disc-associated tumor model reduces glycolytic metabolism and restricts growth. Overall, our results reveal a novel role for TRIM32 for controlling glycolysis in the context of both normal development and tumor growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simranjot Bawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, United States
| | - David S Brooks
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, United States
| | - Kathryn E Neville
- Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, United States
| | - Marla Tipping
- Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, United States
| | - Md Abdul Sagar
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
| | - Joseph A Kollhoff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, United States
| | - Geetanjali Chawla
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, India.,Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, United States
| | - Brian V Geisbrecht
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, United States
| | - Jason M Tennessen
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, United States
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
| | - Erika R Geisbrecht
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
A recessive Trim2 mutation causes an axonal neuropathy in mice. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 140:104845. [PMID: 32205255 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We analyzed Trim2A/A mice, generated by CRISPR-Cas9, which have a recessive, null mutation of Trim2. Trim2A/A mice develop ataxia that is associated with a severe loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells and a peripheral neuropathy. Myelinated axons in the CNS, including those in the deep cerebellar nuclei, have focal enlargements that contain mitochondria and neurofilaments. In the PNS, there is a loss of myelinated axons, particularly in the most distal nerves. The pathologically affected neuronal populations - primary sensory and motor neurons as well as cerebellar Purkinje cells - express TRIM2, suggesting that loss of TRIM2 in these neurons results in cell autonomous effects on their axons. In contrast, these pathological findings were not found in a second strain of Trim2 mutant mice (Trim2C/C), which has a partial deletion in the RING domain that is needed for ubiquitin ligase activity. Both the Trim2Aand the Trim2C alleles encode mutant TRIM2 proteins with reduced ubiquitination activity. In sum, Trim2A/A mice are a genetically authentic animal model of a recessive axonal neuropathy of humans, apparently for a function that does not depend on the ubiquitin ligase activity.
Collapse
|
28
|
Gupta I, Dharadhar S, Sixma T, Khan S. Biochemical characterization of TRIM72 E3 ligase and its interaction with the insulin receptor substrate 1. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 21:100729. [PMID: 32055715 PMCID: PMC7005368 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
TRIM family of E3 ubiquitin ligases have an amino-terminal conserved tripartite motif consisting of RING, B-Box, coiled-coil domain and different C-terminal domain leading it to classification into 11 subclasses. TRIM72 is an E3 ligase of class IV and subclass 1 with its role in a multitude of cellular processes. Despite being crucial in multiple cellular processes, TRIM72 still hasn't been biochemically characterized. In the present study, we have characterized the oligomeric status of TRIM72 and found that it forms both monomers, dimers, and tetramers. We have screened a set of 12 E2s and identified two novel E2 enzymes (Ubch5c and Ubch10) that work in cooperation with TRIM72. Nevertheless, E3 ligase activity is minimal and we propose that additional regulation is required to enhance its E3 ligase activity. We have also used surface plasmon resonance to study interaction with one of its substrate proteins, IRS1, and identified the PH domain of IRS1 is mediating interaction with the TRIM72 E3 ligase while the PTB domain of IRS1, does not show any interaction. TRIM72 exist as tetramer and monomer. UbcH5c and Ubch10 are the new E2s identified for TRIM72. The PH domain of the IRS1 interacts with the TRIM72.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Gupta
- Structural Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, Delhi, India.,Drug Discovery Research Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Shreya Dharadhar
- Division of Biochemistry and Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066, CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Titia Sixma
- Division of Biochemistry and Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066, CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sameena Khan
- Drug Discovery Research Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Prill K, Dawson JF. Assembly and Maintenance of Sarcomere Thin Filaments and Associated Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E542. [PMID: 31952119 PMCID: PMC7013991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomere assembly and maintenance are essential physiological processes required for cardiac and skeletal muscle function and organism mobility. Over decades of research, components of the sarcomere and factors involved in the formation and maintenance of this contractile unit have been identified. Although we have a general understanding of sarcomere assembly and maintenance, much less is known about the development of the thin filaments and associated factors within the sarcomere. In the last decade, advancements in medical intervention and genome sequencing have uncovered patients with novel mutations in sarcomere thin filaments. Pairing this sequencing with reverse genetics and the ability to generate patient avatars in model organisms has begun to deepen our understanding of sarcomere thin filament development. In this review, we provide a summary of recent findings regarding sarcomere assembly, maintenance, and disease with respect to thin filaments, building on the previous knowledge in the field. We highlight debated and unknown areas within these processes to clearly define open research questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - John F. Dawson
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Overå KS, Garcia-Garcia J, Bhujabal Z, Jain A, Øvervatn A, Larsen KB, Deretic V, Johansen T, Lamark T, Sjøttem E. TRIM32, but not its muscular dystrophy-associated mutant, positively regulates and is targeted to autophagic degradation by p62/SQSTM1. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.236596. [PMID: 31685529 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.236596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins constitute a family of ubiquitin E3 ligases involved in a multitude of cellular processes, including protein homeostasis and autophagy. TRIM32 is characterized by six protein-protein interaction domains termed NHL, various point mutations in which are associated with limb-girdle-muscular dystrophy 2H (LGMD2H). Here, we show that TRIM32 is an autophagy substrate. Lysosomal degradation of TRIM32 was dependent on ATG7 and blocked by knockout of the five autophagy receptors p62 (also known as SQSTM1), NBR1, NDP52 (also known as CALCOCO2), TAX1BP1 and OPTN, pointing towards degradation by selective autophagy. p62 directed TRIM32 to lysosomal degradation, while TRIM32 mono-ubiquitylated p62 on lysine residues involved in regulation of p62 activity. Loss of TRIM32 impaired p62 sequestration, while reintroduction of TRIM32 facilitated p62 dot formation and its autophagic degradation. A TRIM32LGMD2H disease mutant was unable to undergo autophagic degradation and to mono-ubiquitylate p62, and its reintroduction into the TRIM32-knockout cells did not affect p62 dot formation. In light of the important roles of autophagy and p62 in muscle cell proteostasis, our results point towards impaired TRIM32-mediated regulation of p62 activity as a pathological mechanisms in LGMD2H.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Stange Overå
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø -The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Juncal Garcia-Garcia
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø -The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Zambarlal Bhujabal
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø -The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ashish Jain
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø -The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Aud Øvervatn
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø -The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kenneth Bowitz Larsen
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø -The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Vojo Deretic
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Terje Johansen
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø -The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Trond Lamark
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø -The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Eva Sjøttem
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø -The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Xue W, Zhao Y, Xiao Z, Wu X, Ma D, Han J, Li X, Xue X, Yang Y, Fang Y, Fan C, Liu S, Xu B, Han S, Chen B, Zhang H, Fan Y, Liu W, Dong Q, Dai J. Epidermal growth factor receptor-extracellular-regulated kinase blockade upregulates TRIM32 signaling cascade and promotes neurogenesis after spinal cord injury. Stem Cells 2019; 38:118-133. [PMID: 31621984 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nerve regeneration is blocked after spinal cord injury (SCI) by a complex myelin-associated inhibitory (MAI) microenvironment in the lesion site; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. During the process of neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation, pathway inhibitors were added to quantitatively assess the effects on neuronal differentiation. Immunoprecipitation and lentivirus-induced overexpression were used to examine effects in vitro. In vivo, animal experiments and lineage tracing methods were used to identify nascent neurogenesis after SCI. In vitro results indicated that myelin inhibited neuronal differentiation by activating the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling cascade. Subsequently, we found that tripartite motif (TRIM) 32, a neuronal fate-determining factor, was inhibited. Moreover, inhibition of EGFR-ERK promoted TRIM32 expression and enhanced neuronal differentiation in the presence of myelin. We further demonstrated that ERK interacts with TRIM32 to regulate neuronal differentiation. In vivo results indicated that EGFR-ERK blockade increased TRIM32 expression and promoted neurogenesis in the injured area, thus enhancing functional recovery after SCI. Our results showed that EGFR-ERK blockade antagonized MAI of neuronal differentiation of NSCs through regulation of TRIM32 by ERK. Collectively, these findings may provide potential new targets for SCI repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yannan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dezun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Agricultural Ministry, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixia Fan
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Sumei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sufang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongheng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyuan Liu
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Dong
- Pathology Department, Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Recent Data on Cellular Component Turnover: Focus on Adaptations to Physical Exercise. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060542. [PMID: 31195688 PMCID: PMC6627613 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant progress has expanded our knowledge of the signaling pathways coordinating muscle protein turnover during various conditions including exercise. In this manuscript, the multiple mechanisms that govern the turnover of cellular components are reviewed, and their overall roles in adaptations to exercise training are discussed. Recent studies have highlighted the central role of the energy sensor (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), forkhead box class O subfamily protein (FOXO) transcription factors and the kinase mechanistic (or mammalian) target of rapamycin complex (MTOR) in the regulation of autophagy for organelle maintenance during exercise. A new cellular trafficking involving the lysosome was also revealed for full activation of MTOR and protein synthesis during recovery. Other emerging candidates have been found to be relevant in organelle turnover, especially Parkin and the mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (Mul1) pathways for mitochondrial turnover, and the glycerolipids diacylglycerol (DAG) for protein translation and FOXO regulation. Recent experiments with autophagy and mitophagy flux assessment have also provided important insights concerning mitochondrial turnover during ageing and chronic exercise. However, data in humans are often controversial and further investigations are needed to clarify the involvement of autophagy in exercise performed with additional stresses, such as hypoxia, and to understand the influence of exercise modality. Improving our knowledge of these pathways should help develop therapeutic ways to counteract muscle disorders in pathological conditions.
Collapse
|
33
|
Di Rienzo M, Antonioli M, Fusco C, Liu Y, Mari M, Orhon I, Refolo G, Germani F, Corazzari M, Romagnoli A, Ciccosanti F, Mandriani B, Pellico MT, De La Torre R, Ding H, Dentice M, Neri M, Ferlini A, Reggiori F, Kulesz-Martin M, Piacentini M, Merla G, Fimia GM. Autophagy induction in atrophic muscle cells requires ULK1 activation by TRIM32 through unanchored K63-linked polyubiquitin chains. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau8857. [PMID: 31123703 PMCID: PMC6527439 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau8857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Optimal autophagic activity is crucial to maintain muscle integrity, with either reduced or excessive levels leading to specific myopathies. LGMD2H is a muscle dystrophy caused by mutations in the ubiquitin ligase TRIM32, whose function in muscles remains not fully understood. Here, we show that TRIM32 is required for the induction of muscle autophagy in atrophic conditions using both in vitro and in vivo mouse models. Trim32 inhibition results in a defective autophagy response to muscle atrophy, associated with increased ROS and MuRF1 levels. The proautophagic function of TRIM32 relies on its ability to bind the autophagy proteins AMBRA1 and ULK1 and stimulate ULK1 activity via unanchored K63-linked polyubiquitin. LGMD2H-causative mutations impair TRIM32's ability to bind ULK1 and induce autophagy. Collectively, our study revealed a role for TRIM32 in the regulation of muscle autophagy in response to atrophic stimuli, uncovering a previously unidentified mechanism by which ubiquitin ligases activate autophagy regulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Di Rienzo
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS, Lazzaro Spallanzani, 00149 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - M. Antonioli
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS, Lazzaro Spallanzani, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - C. Fusco
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Y. Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - M. Mari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | - I. Orhon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | - G. Refolo
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS, Lazzaro Spallanzani, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - F. Germani
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS, Lazzaro Spallanzani, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - M. Corazzari
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Novara, Novara, Italy
| | - A. Romagnoli
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS, Lazzaro Spallanzani, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - F. Ciccosanti
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS, Lazzaro Spallanzani, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - B. Mandriani
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - M. T. Pellico
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - R. De La Torre
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - H. Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - M. Dentice
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - M. Neri
- Section of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A. Ferlini
- Section of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - F. Reggiori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | - M. Kulesz-Martin
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - M. Piacentini
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS, Lazzaro Spallanzani, 00149 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - G. Merla
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - G. M. Fimia
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS, Lazzaro Spallanzani, 00149 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce 73100, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Analysis of the Zn-Binding Domains of TRIM32, the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Mutated in Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy 2H. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030254. [PMID: 30884854 PMCID: PMC6468550 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the tripartite motif family of E3 ubiquitin ligases are characterized by the presence of a conserved N-terminal module composed of a RING domain followed by one or two B-box domains, a coiled-coil and a variable C-terminal region. The RING and B-box are both Zn-binding domains but, while the RING is found in a large number of proteins, the B-box is exclusive to the tripartite motif (TRIM) family members in metazoans. Whereas the RING has been extensively characterized and shown to possess intrinsic E3 ligase catalytic activity, much less is known about the role of the B-box domains. In this study, we adopted an in vitro approach using recombinant point- and deletion-mutants to characterize the contribution of the TRIM32 Zn-binding domains to the activity of this E3 ligase that is altered in a genetic form of muscular dystrophy. We found that the RING domain is crucial for E3 ligase activity and E2 specificity, whereas a complete B-box domain is involved in chain assembly rate modulation. Further, in vitro, the RING domain is necessary to modulate TRIM32 oligomerization, whereas, in cells, both the RING and B-box cooperate to specify TRIM32 subcellular localization, which if altered may impact the pathogenesis of diseases.
Collapse
|
35
|
Servián-Morilla E, Cabrera-Serrano M, Rivas-Infante E, Carvajal A, Lamont PJ, Pelayo-Negro AL, Ravenscroft G, Junckerstorff R, Dyke JM, Fletcher S, Adams AM, Mavillard F, Fernández-García MA, Nieto-González JL, Laing NG, Paradas C. Altered myogenesis and premature senescence underlie human TRIM32-related myopathy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:30. [PMID: 30823891 PMCID: PMC6396567 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0683-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
TRIM32 is a E3 ubiquitin -ligase containing RING, B-box, coiled-coil and six C-terminal NHL domains. Mutations involving NHL and coiled-coil domains result in a pure myopathy (LGMD2H/STM) while the only described mutation in the B-box domain is associated with a multisystemic disorder without myopathy (Bardet-Biedl syndrome type11), suggesting that these domains are involved in distinct processes. Knock-out (T32KO) and knock-in mice carrying the c.1465G > A (p.D489N) involving the NHL domain (T32KI) show alterations in muscle regrowth after atrophy and satellite cells senescence. Here, we present phenotypical description and functional characterization of mutations in the RING, coiled-coil and NHL domains of TRIM32 causing a muscle dystrophy. Reduced levels of TRIM32 protein was observed in all patient muscle studied, regardless of the type of mutation (missense, single amino acid deletion, and frameshift) or the mutated domain. The affected patients presented with variable phenotypes but predominantly proximal weakness. Two patients had symptoms of both muscular dystrophy and Bardet-Biedl syndrome. The muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pattern is highly variable among patients and families. Primary myoblast culture from these patients demonstrated common findings consistent with reduced proliferation and differentiation, diminished satellite cell pool, accelerated senescence of muscle, and signs of autophagy activation.
Collapse
|
36
|
Davis GM, Tu S, Anderson JW, Colson RN, Gunzburg MJ, Francisco MA, Ray D, Shrubsole SP, Sobotka JA, Seroussi U, Lao RX, Maity T, Wu MZ, McJunkin K, Morris QD, Hughes TR, Wilce JA, Claycomb JM, Weng Z, Boag PR. The TRIM-NHL protein NHL-2 is a co-factor in the nuclear and somatic RNAi pathways in C. e legans. eLife 2018; 7:35478. [PMID: 30575518 PMCID: PMC6351104 DOI: 10.7554/elife.35478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper regulation of germline gene expression is essential for fertility and maintaining species integrity. In the C. elegans germline, a diverse repertoire of regulatory pathways promote the expression of endogenous germline genes and limit the expression of deleterious transcripts to maintain genome homeostasis. Here we show that the conserved TRIM-NHL protein, NHL-2, plays an essential role in the C. elegans germline, modulating germline chromatin and meiotic chromosome organization. We uncover a role for NHL-2 as a co-factor in both positively (CSR-1) and negatively (HRDE-1) acting germline 22G-small RNA pathways and the somatic nuclear RNAi pathway. Furthermore, we demonstrate that NHL-2 is a bona fide RNA binding protein and, along with RNA-seq data point to a small RNA independent role for NHL-2 in regulating transcripts at the level of RNA stability. Collectively, our data implicate NHL-2 as an essential hub of gene regulatory activity in both the germline and soma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Davis
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shikui Tu
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Joshua Wt Anderson
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rhys N Colson
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Menachem J Gunzburg
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Debashish Ray
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sean P Shrubsole
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julia A Sobotka
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Uri Seroussi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robert X Lao
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tuhin Maity
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Monica Z Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Katherine McJunkin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Quaid D Morris
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Timothy R Hughes
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jacqueline A Wilce
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julie M Claycomb
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Peter R Boag
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Vishal K, Bawa S, Brooks D, Bauman K, Geisbrecht ER. Thin is required for cell death in the Drosophila abdominal muscles by targeting DIAP1. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:740. [PMID: 29970915 PMCID: PMC6030163 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0756-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In holometabolous insects, developmentally controlled programmed cell death (PCD) is a conserved process that destroys a subset of larval tissues for the eventual creation of new adult structures. This process of histolysis is relatively well studied in salivary gland and midgut tissues, while knowledge concerning larval muscle destruction is limited. Here, we have examined the histolysis of a group of Drosophila larval abdominal muscles called the dorsal external oblique muscles (DEOMs). Previous studies have defined apoptosis as the primary mediator of DEOM breakdown, whose timing is controlled by ecdysone signaling. However, very little is known about other factors that contribute to DEOM destruction. In this paper, we examine the role of thin (tn), which encodes for the Drosophila homolog of mammalian TRIM32, in the regulation of DEOM histolysis. We find that loss of Tn blocks DEOM degradation independent of ecdysone signaling. Instead, tn genetically functions in a pathway with the death-associated inhibitor of apoptosis (DIAP1), Dronc, and death-associated APAF1-related killer (Dark) to regulate apoptosis. Importantly, blocking Tn results in the absence of active Caspase-3 immunostaining, upregulation of DIAP1 protein levels, and inhibition of Dronc activation. DIAP1 and Dronc mRNA levels are not altered in tn mutants, showing that Tn acts post-transcriptionally on DIAP1 to regulate apoptosis. Herein, we also find that the RING domain of Tn is required for DEOM histolysis as loss of this domain results in higher DIAP1 levels. Together, our results suggest that the direct control of DIAP1 levels, likely through the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of Tn, provides a mechanism to regulate caspase activity and to facilitate muscle cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Vishal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Simranjot Bawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - David Brooks
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Kenneth Bauman
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Erika R Geisbrecht
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhang ZB, Xiong LL, Lu BT, Zhang HX, Zhang P, Wang TH. Suppression of Trim32 Enhances Motor Function Repair after Traumatic Brain Injury Associated with Antiapoptosis. Cell Transplant 2018; 26:1276-1285. [PMID: 28933219 PMCID: PMC5657740 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717716510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role of Trim32 in traumatic brain injury (TBI), adult male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats and mice were randomly divided into sham (n = 6) and TBI groups ( n = 24), respectively. Then, mice were assigned into Trim32 knockout mice (Trim32-KO [+/-]) and wild-type (WT) littermates. The TBI model used was the Feeney free-falling model, and neurological function was evaluated after TBI using a neurological severity score (NSS). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemistry were used to investigate the expression of Trim32 in the damaged cortex. Cell apoptosis in the cortex was detected by terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Moreover, Trim32-KO (+/-) mice were used to determine the effect of Trim in neurological repair after TBI. Results showed the NSS scores in TBI rats were significantly increased from day 1 to day 11 postoperation, compared with the sham group. Trim32 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in the cortex was significantly increased at 7 d after TBI, while the level of Tnr and cytochrome c oxidase polypeptide 5A mRNA didn't exhibit significant changes. In addition, Western blot was used to detect the level of Trim32 protein in the cortex. Trim32 expression was significantly increased at 7 d after TBI, and immunoreactive Trim32-positive cells were mainly neurons. Moreover, Trim32-KO (+/-) mice with TBI had lower NSS scores than those in the WT group from day 1 to day 11 postoperation. Meanwhile, Trim32-KO (+/-) mice had a decreased number of TUNEL-positive cells compared with the control group at 3 d postoperation. Protein 73 (p73) decreased at 7 d postoperation in Trim32-KO (+/-) mice with TBI, when compared with WT mice with TBI. Our study is the first to confirm that suppression of Trim32 promotes the recovery of neurological function after TBI and to demonstrate that the underlying mechanism is associated with antiapoptosis, which may be associated with p73.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Bin Zhang
- 1 Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liu-Lin Xiong
- 1 Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin-Tuan Lu
- 2 Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hui-Xiang Zhang
- 2 Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Piao Zhang
- 2 Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ting-Hua Wang
- 1 Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,2 Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hua K, Ferland RJ. Primary cilia proteins: ciliary and extraciliary sites and functions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1521-1540. [PMID: 29305615 PMCID: PMC5899021 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2740-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia are immotile organelles known for their roles in development and cell signaling. Defects in primary cilia result in a range of disorders named ciliopathies. Because this organelle can be found singularly on almost all cell types, its importance extends to most organ systems. As such, elucidating the importance of the primary cilium has attracted researchers from all biological disciplines. As the primary cilia field expands, caution is warranted in attributing biological defects solely to the function of this organelle, since many of these "ciliary" proteins are found at other sites in cells and likely have non-ciliary functions. Indeed, many, if not all, cilia proteins have locations and functions outside the primary cilium. Extraciliary functions are known to include cell cycle regulation, cytoskeletal regulation, and trafficking. Cilia proteins have been observed in the nucleus, at the Golgi apparatus, and even in immune synapses of T cells (interestingly, a non-ciliated cell). Given the abundance of extraciliary sites and functions, it can be difficult to definitively attribute an observed phenotype solely to defective cilia rather than to some defective extraciliary function or a combination of both. Thus, extraciliary sites and functions of cilia proteins need to be considered, as well as experimentally determined. Through such consideration, we will understand the true role of the primary cilium in disease as compared to other cellular processes' influences in mediating disease (or through a combination of both). Here, we review a compilation of known extraciliary sites and functions of "cilia" proteins as a means to demonstrate the potential non-ciliary roles for these proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiet Hua
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
| | - Russell J Ferland
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gushchina LV, Kwiatkowski TA, Bhattacharya S, Weisleder NL. Conserved structural and functional aspects of the tripartite motif gene family point towards therapeutic applications in multiple diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 185:12-25. [PMID: 29097306 PMCID: PMC5721676 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The tripartite motif (TRIM) gene family is a highly conserved group of E3 ubiquitin ligase proteins that can establish substrate specificity for the ubiquitin-proteasome complex and also have proteasome-independent functions. While several family members were studied previously, it is relatively recent that over 80 genes, based on sequence homology, were grouped to establish the TRIM gene family. Functional studies of various TRIM genes linked these proteins to modulation of inflammatory responses showing that they can contribute to a wide variety of disease states including cardiovascular, neurological and musculoskeletal diseases, as well as various forms of cancer. Given the fundamental role of the ubiquitin-proteasome complex in protein turnover and the importance of this regulation in most aspects of cellular physiology, it is not surprising that TRIM proteins display a wide spectrum of functions in a variety of cellular processes. This broad range of function and the highly conserved primary amino acid sequence of family members, particularly in the canonical TRIM E3 ubiquitin ligase domain, complicates the development of therapeutics that specifically target these proteins. A more comprehensive understanding of the structure and function of TRIM proteins will help guide therapeutic development for a number of different diseases. This review summarizes the structural organization of TRIM proteins, their domain architecture, common and unique post-translational modifications within the family, and potential binding partners and targets. Further discussion is provided on efforts to target TRIM proteins as therapeutic agents and how our increasing understanding of the nature of TRIM proteins can guide discovery of other therapeutics in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liubov V Gushchina
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Thomas A Kwiatkowski
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sayak Bhattacharya
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Noah L Weisleder
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Cheng X, Zheng J, Li G, Göbel V, Zhang H. Degradation for better survival? Role of ubiquitination in epithelial morphogenesis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 93:1438-1460. [PMID: 29493067 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As a prevalent post-translational modification, ubiquitination is essential for many developmental processes. Once covalently attached to the small and conserved polypeptide ubiquitin (Ub), a substrate protein can be directed to perform specific biological functions via its Ub-modified form. Three sequential catalytic reactions contribute to this process, among which E3 ligases serve to identify target substrates and promote the activated Ub to conjugate to substrate proteins. Ubiquitination has great plasticity, with diverse numbers, topologies and modifications of Ub chains conjugated at different substrate residues adding a layer of complexity that facilitates a huge range of cellular functions. Herein, we highlight key advances in the understanding of ubiquitination in epithelial morphogenesis, with an emphasis on the latest insights into its roles in cellular events involved in polarized epithelial tissue, including cell adhesion, asymmetric localization of polarity determinants and cytoskeletal organization. In addition, the physiological roles of ubiquitination are discussed for typical examples of epithelial morphogenesis, such as lung branching, vascular development and synaptic formation and plasticity. Our increased understanding of ubiquitination in epithelial morphogenesis may provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying epithelial regeneration and maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Cheng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Gang Li
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Verena Göbel
- Department of Pediatrics, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114,, U.S.A
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hernández-Ancheyta L, Salinas-Tobón MDR, Cifuentes-Goches JC, Hernández-Sánchez J. Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae excretory-secretory products induce changes in cytoskeletal and myogenic transcription factors in primary myoblast cultures. Int J Parasitol 2017; 48:275-285. [PMID: 29258830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Trichinella spiralis infection in skeletal muscle culminates with nurse cell formation. The participation of excretory-secretory products of the muscle larvae has been implicated in this process through different studies performed in infected muscle and the muscle cell line C2C12. In this work, we developed primary myoblast cultures to analyse the changes induced by excretory-secretory products of the muscle larvae in muscle cells. Microarray analyses revealed expression changes in muscle cell differentiation, proliferation, cytoskeleton organisation, cell motion, transcription, cell cycle, apoptosis and signalling pathways such as MAPK, Jak-STAT, Wnt and PI3K-Akt. Some of these changes were further evaluated by other methodologies such as quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot, confirming that excretory-secretory products of the muscle larvae treated primary mouse myoblasts undergo increased proliferation, decreased expression of MHC and up-regulation of α-actin. In addition, changes in relevant muscle transcription factors (Pax7, Myf5 and Mef2c) were observed. Taken together, these results provide new information about how T. spiralis could alter the normal process of skeletal muscle repair after ML invasion to accomplish nurse cell formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lizbeth Hernández-Ancheyta
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, No. 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Del Rosario Salinas-Tobón
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N. Santo Tomás, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Cifuentes-Goches
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, No. 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Javier Hernández-Sánchez
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, No. 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Muscular Dystrophies and Cancer Cachexia: Similarities in Chronic Skeletal Muscle Degeneration. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/jfmk2040039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
|
44
|
Exploring Potential Germline-Associated Roles of the TRIM-NHL Protein NHL-2 Through RNAi Screening. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2017; 7:3251-3256. [PMID: 28818867 PMCID: PMC5633376 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.300166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
TRIM-NHL proteins are highly conserved regulators of developmental pathways in vertebrates and invertebrates. The TRIM-NHL family member NHL-2 in Caenorhabditis elegans functions as a miRNA cofactor to regulate developmental timing. Similar regulatory roles have been reported in other model systems, with the mammalian ortholog in mice, TRIM32, contributing to muscle and neuronal cell proliferation via miRNA activity. Given the interest associated with TRIM-NHL family proteins, we aimed to further investigate the role of NHL-2 in C. elegans development by using a synthetic RNAi screening approach. Using the ORFeome library, we knocked down 11,942 genes in wild-type animals and nhl-2 null mutants. In total, we identified 42 genes that produced strong reproductive synthetic phenotypes when knocked down in nhl-2 null mutants, with little or no change when knocked down in wild-type animals. These included genes associated with transcriptional processes, chromosomal integrity, and key cofactors of the germline small 22G RNA pathway.
Collapse
|
45
|
Papizan JB, Garry GA, Brezprozvannaya S, McAnally JR, Bassel-Duby R, Liu N, Olson EN. Deficiency in Kelch protein Klhl31 causes congenital myopathy in mice. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:3730-3740. [PMID: 28872460 DOI: 10.1172/jci93445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of muscle structure and function depends on the precise organization of contractile proteins into sarcomeres and coupling of the contractile apparatus to the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), which serves as the reservoir for calcium required for contraction. Several members of the Kelch superfamily of proteins, which modulate protein stability as substrate-specific adaptors for ubiquitination, have been implicated in sarcomere formation. The Kelch protein Klhl31 is expressed in a muscle-specific manner under control of the transcription factor MEF2. To explore its functions in vivo, we created a mouse model of Klhl31 loss of function using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Mice lacking Klhl31 exhibited stunted postnatal skeletal muscle growth, centronuclear myopathy, central cores, Z-disc streaming, and SR dilation. We used proteomics to identify several candidate Klhl31 substrates, including Filamin-C (FlnC). In the Klhl31-knockout mice, FlnC protein levels were highly upregulated with no change in transcription, and we further demonstrated that Klhl31 targets FlnC for ubiquitination and degradation. These findings highlight a role for Klhl31 in the maintenance of skeletal muscle structure and provide insight into the mechanisms underlying congenital myopathies.
Collapse
|
46
|
Borlepawar A, Rangrez AY, Bernt A, Christen L, Sossalla S, Frank D, Frey N. TRIM24 protein promotes and TRIM32 protein inhibits cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via regulation of dysbindin protein levels. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:10180-10196. [PMID: 28465353 PMCID: PMC5473223 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.752543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that dysbindin is a potent inducer of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via activation of Rho-dependent serum-response factor (SRF) signaling. We have now performed a yeast two-hybrid screen using dysbindin as bait against a cardiac cDNA library to identify the cardiac dysbindin interactome. Among several putative binding proteins, we identified tripartite motif-containing protein 24 (TRIM24) and confirmed this interaction by co-immunoprecipitation and co-immunostaining. Another tripartite motif (TRIM) family protein, TRIM32, has been reported earlier as an E3 ubiquitin ligase for dysbindin in skeletal muscle. Consistently, we found that TRIM32 also degraded dysbindin in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes as well. Surprisingly, however, TRIM24 did not promote dysbindin decay but rather protected dysbindin against degradation by TRIM32. Correspondingly, TRIM32 attenuated the activation of SRF signaling and hypertrophy due to dysbindin, whereas TRIM24 promoted these effects in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. This study also implies that TRIM32 is a key regulator of cell viability and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes via simultaneous activation of p53 and caspase-3/-7 and inhibition of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis. In conclusion, we provide here a novel mechanism of post-translational regulation of dysbindin and hypertrophy via TRIM24 and TRIM32 and show the importance of TRIM32 in cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vitro.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Apoptosis
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/pathology
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/pathology
- Carrier Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Dysbindin
- Dystrophin-Associated Proteins/chemistry
- Dystrophin-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Dystrophin-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Peptide Fragments/chemistry
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Protein Stability
- Proteolysis
- RNA Interference
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Serum Response Factor/agonists
- Serum Response Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Serum Response Factor/genetics
- Serum Response Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Tripartite Motif Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tripartite Motif Proteins/genetics
- Tripartite Motif Proteins/metabolism
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Borlepawar
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel and
- the DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ashraf Yusuf Rangrez
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel and
- the DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander Bernt
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel and
- the DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Lynn Christen
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel and
| | - Samuel Sossalla
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel and
- the DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Derk Frank
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel and
- the DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel and
- the DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
von Haehling S, Ebner N, Dos Santos MR, Springer J, Anker SD. Muscle wasting and cachexia in heart failure: mechanisms and therapies. Nat Rev Cardiol 2017; 14:323-341. [PMID: 28436486 DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2017.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Body wasting is a serious complication that affects a large proportion of patients with heart failure. Muscle wasting, also known as sarcopenia, is the loss of muscle mass and strength, whereas cachexia describes loss of weight. After reaching guideline-recommended doses of heart failure therapies, the most promising approach to treating body wasting seems to be combined therapy that includes exercise, nutritional counselling, and drug treatment. Nutritional considerations include avoiding excessive salt and fluid intake, and replenishment of deficiencies in trace elements. Administration of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is beneficial in selected patients. High-calorific nutritional supplements can also be useful. The prescription of aerobic exercise training that provokes mild or moderate breathlessness has good scientific support. Drugs with potential benefit in the treatment of body wasting that have been tested in clinical studies in patients with heart failure include testosterone, ghrelin, recombinant human growth hormone, essential amino acids, and β2-adrenergic receptor agonists. In this Review, we summarize the pathophysiological mechanisms of muscle wasting and cachexia in heart failure, and highlight the potential treatment strategies. We aim to provide clinicians with the relevant information on body wasting to understand and treat these conditions in patients with heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Centre and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nicole Ebner
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Centre and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marcelo R Dos Santos
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Centre and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany.,Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Dr. Arnaldo Avenue, 455 Cerqueira César, 01246903 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jochen Springer
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Centre and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Centre and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany.,Division of Cardiology and Metabolism: Heart Failure, Cachexia and Sarcopenia, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Medical School, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Saitoh M, Ishida J, Doehner W, von Haehling S, Anker MS, Coats AJS, Anker SD, Springer J. Sarcopenia, cachexia, and muscle performance in heart failure: Review update 2016. Int J Cardiol 2017; 238:5-11. [PMID: 28427849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.03.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cachexia in the context of heart failure (HF) has been termed cardiac cachexia, and represents a progressive involuntary weight loss. Cachexia is mainly the result of an imbalance in the homeostasis of muscle protein synthesis and degradation due to a lower activity of protein synthesis pathways and an over-activation of protein degradation. In addition, muscle wasting leads to of impaired functional capacity, even after adjusting for clinical relevant variables in patients with HF. However, there is no sufficient therapeutic strategy in muscle wasting in HF patients and very few studies in animal models. Exercise training represents a promising intervention that can prevent or even reverse the process of muscle wasting, and worsening the muscle function and performance in HF with muscle wasting and cachexia. The pathological mechanisms and effective therapeutic approach of cardiac cachexia remain uncertain, because of the difficulty to establish animal cardiac cachexia models, thus novel animal models are warranted. Furthermore, the use of improved animal models will lead to a better understanding of the pathways that modulate muscle wasting and therapeutics of muscle wasting of cardiac cachexia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Saitoh
- Institute of Innovative Clinical Trials, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Junichi Ishida
- Institute of Innovative Clinical Trials, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfram Doehner
- Charité - Campus Virchow (CVK), Center for Stroke Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Institute of Innovative Clinical Trials, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus S Anker
- Charité - Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF), Department of Cardiology, Berlin, Germany Charité - Campus Virchow (CVK), Center for Stroke Research, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Stefan D Anker
- Institute of Innovative Clinical Trials, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jochen Springer
- Institute of Innovative Clinical Trials, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Tan Z, Liu X, Yu E, Wang H, Tang L, Wang H, Fu C. Lentivirus-mediated RNA interference of tripartite motif 68 inhibits the proliferation of colorectal cancer cell lines SW1116 and HCT116 in vitro. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:2649-2655. [PMID: 28454446 PMCID: PMC5403482 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. Previous studies have revealed that certain members of tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins are involved in carcin ogenesis regulation, but little is known about the function of TRIM68 in human colorectal cancer. To investigate the role of TRIM68 in colorectal cancer SW1116 and HCT116 cell lines, the present study conducted lentivirus-mediated knockdown against TRIM68 and demonstrated that depletion of TRIM68 notably inhibits colorectal cancer cell proliferation and colony formation ability. Cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and cycle accumulation in sub-G1 phase provided evidence that TRIM68 may participate in the regulation of colorectal cancer tumorigenesis. The results revealed the significant role of TRIM68 in regulating colorectal cancer cell mitosis and indicated that TRIM68 may be a promising therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Tan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China.,PLA Center of General Surgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoshuang Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Enda Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Hantao Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Tang
- PLA Center of General Surgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Chuangang Fu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Myofibril breakdown during atrophy is a delayed response requiring the transcription factor PAX4 and desmin depolymerization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E1375-E1384. [PMID: 28096335 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1612988114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of muscle atrophy is the excessive degradation of myofibrillar proteins primarily by the ubiquitin proteasome system. In mice, during the rapid muscle atrophy induced by fasting, the desmin cytoskeleton and the attached Z-band-bound thin filaments are degraded after ubiquitination by the ubiquitin ligase tripartite motif-containing protein 32 (Trim32). To study the order of events leading to myofibril destruction, we investigated the slower atrophy induced by denervation (disuse). We show that myofibril breakdown is a two-phase process involving the initial disassembly of desmin filaments by Trim32, which leads to the later myofibril breakdown by enzymes, whose expression is increased by the paired box 4 (PAX4) transcription factor. After denervation of mouse tibialis anterior muscles, phosphorylation and Trim32-dependent ubiquitination of desmin filaments increased rapidly and stimulated their gradual depolymerization (unlike their rapid degradation during fasting). Trim32 down-regulation attenuated the loss of desmin and myofibrillar proteins and reduced atrophy. Although myofibrils and desmin filaments were intact at 7 d after denervation, inducing the dissociation of desmin filaments caused an accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and rapid destruction of myofibrils. The myofibril breakdown normally observed at 14 d after denervation required not only dissociation of desmin filaments, but also gene induction by PAX4. Down-regulation of PAX4 or its target gene encoding the p97/VCP ATPase reduced myofibril disassembly and degradation on denervation or fasting. Thus, during atrophy, the initial loss of desmin is critical for the subsequent myofibril destruction, and over time, myofibrillar proteins become more susceptible to PAX4-induced enzymes that promote proteolysis.
Collapse
|